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Home , Millettia laurentii, Pericopsis elata

presentation featuring Amy Smith, WWF-GFTN 12.2015 Background

SFC founded October 2006

• non-profit coalition of suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, designers

• World Wildlife Fund, Rainforest Alliance, USGBC co -founder

• establish standards, promote best practices, provide training

• #1 organization in home furnishings Membership Activation Activation GREENleaders Industry first Certified Sustainability Training program

• environmental issues

• consumer understanding

• product/material sourcing

• interior design

• sales training GREENLeaders Certified Sustainability Training Available via live presentation or webinar for $299 Live Presentations on-line Denver, March Dallas, April Anytime! contact [email protected] Recommended in conjunction with SFC membership • Tuition discount for Members! FIND FURNISHINGS FIND STORES FIND DESIGNERS Issues Sustainability umbrellas many different environmental/social issues • resource conservation • global warming • indoor air quality • toxic pollutants • overloaded landfills People • worker’s rights • extinctions

• local economy Profit Planet Lesser -Known Timber Species Good for Business, Good for Forests • World Wildlife Fund is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA and non-AIA members are available upon request. • This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. • Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. This course counts for one (1) LU hour. This CEU is also registered with the Interior Design Continuing Education Council (IDCEC) for continuing education credits. This credit will be accepted by the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID), International Interior Designers Association (IIDA) and Interior Designers of Canada (IDC). The content included is not deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by IDCEC of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods or services should be directed to the instructor or provider of this CEU. This program is registered for 0.1 CEU value. The IDCEC class-code is cc-102040-1000. The class code is required to submit your attendance for this CEU online. • Your attendance will be cross checked with the attendance records submitted to IDCEC by your instructor after this CEU. Please do not share the class code with anyone who has not attended this CEU. • CEUs must be reported directly by the learner to IDCEC: www.idcec.org • Certificates of completion will be automatically issued once you have submitted the online survey for this CEU with your class code. You may also obtain a transcript of your CEU activity at the IDCEC website: www.idcec.org • Attendees who do not belong to ASID, IIDA, or IDC and do not have a unique IDCEC number will be provided with a Certificate of Completion after this CEU. Course description PART 1 Valuing forests Forests provide goods and services that are essential to life on Earth. PART 2 Threats and impacts Deforestation and forest degradation affect entire ecosystems. High demand for small number of well -known timber species is a contributing factor. PART 3 Solutions Policy- and market-based solutions include timber trade laws, lesser-known species (LKS) and responsible sourcing. PART 4 Strategies and Resources are available to help design and build professionals specify and source LKS. Learning objectives

 UNDERSTAND the importance of healthy forests

 LEARN about threats to forests, including the environmental impacts of high demand for a small number of wood species

 RECOGNIZE the environmental and business benefits of using lesser-known species (LKS)

 KNOW where to find resources to help you select, specify and source certified lesser-known species Takeaway message

Using LKS is good for your business and the planet

By choosing legal and responsible LKS, you can reduce your costs, meet your design and production needs and take pressure off the world’s most valuable and threatened forests . It’s easier than you think. PART 1 Valuing forests World Wildlife Fund Working to conserve nature and reduce the most pressing threats to the diversity of life on Earth

PART 1 Valuing forests Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN): Promoting responsible forestry and trade

PART 1 Valuing forests Forests vital to life on earth Forest ecosystems

CO 2 Precipitation

O2 Transpiration Carbon

Evaporation Dead leaves Timber (and other and Plant growth animal matter)

Water and air Minerals and other penetrate soil nutrients released into soil

Decomposers break down organic matter PART 1 Valuing forests PART 2 Threats and impacts Deforestation fronts

WWF has identified 11 deforestation fronts—regions where large-scale deforestation or severe degradation is projected between now and 2030

Mekong Chocó-Darién Congo Sumatra Borneo Amazon New Cerrado East African Guinea Forests Atlantic Forest/ Gran Chaco Eastern Australia

PART 2 Threats and impacts THREATS driving deforestation

Agriculture Ranching Mining

PART 2 Threats and impacts Road construction and related trade

PART 2 Threats and impacts Forest degradation gateway to deforestation

PART 2 Threats and impacts Overexploited timber species

PART 2 Threats and impacts Ecosystem impacts

Selective harvest Tipping point

Existing Overexploitation of biodiversity select timber species

Changed state

• Reduced biodiversity • Reduced capacity to provide Healthy forest ecosystem ecosystem services • Impacts to human well-being

Changed biodiversity

PART 2 Threats and impacts Source: Reproduced from Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010. Market trends

Fragrant ( Dalbergia odorifera ) prices, China, 2004-2013 2,250,000

2,000,000

1,750,000

1,500,000

3 1,250,000

1,000,000 US$/m 750,000

500,000

250,000

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year

PART 2 Threats and impacts Source: Data from Huang WB and Sun XF, 2013. Wildlife impacts

PART 2 Threats and impacts Climate impacts

PART 2 Threats and impacts Human impacts

PART 2 Threats and impacts Globally important forests and species at risk The Amazon Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia

PART 2 Threats and impacts SPECIES AT RISK: Amazon

Big leaf Spanish cedar (Swietenia ( odorata ) macrophylla )

PART 2 Threats and impacts Congo Basin: Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Democratic Rep. of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rep. of Congo

PART 2 Threats and impacts SPECIES AT RISK: Congo Basin

Afrormosia Wenge Zebrawood ( elata ) ( ( laurentii ) (Microberlinia cylindricum ) brazzavillensis )

PART 2 Threats and impacts Indonesia and Malaysia

PART 2 Threats and impacts SPECIES AT RISK: Indonesia and Malaysia

Meranti Merbau Nyatoh ( spp.) ( ) (Palaquium burckii )

PART 2 Threats and impacts The Russian Far East

PART 2 Threats and impacts SPECIES AT RISK: The Russian Far East

Not pictured:

Amur linden ( amurensis )

Japanese (Ulmus japonica, U. propinqua )

Manchurian linden (Tilia mandshurica )

Manchurian ash Mongolian (Fraxinus (Quercus mongolica ) mandshurica )

PART 2 Threats and impacts PART 3 Solutions CITES : The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

PART 3 Solutions CITES Appendices

APPENDIX I Species threatened with extinction • Trade is prohibited, with exemptions possible for non-commercial purposes APPENDIX II Near -threatened species and look -alikes • Import requires prior presentation of either an export permit or a re- export certificate APPENDIX III Species listed at a Party’s request • Import requires prior presentation of a certificate of origin and —if the specimen comes from a listing Party—an export permit

PART 3 Solutions Examples of CITES-listed timber species

Common name Scientific name CITES status Afrormosia Appendix II Mongolian oak Quercus mongolica Appendix III (from China, Japan, Mongolia or Russia) Almendro Dipteryx panamensis Appendix III (from Costa Rica or Nicaragua) American/Caribbean Appendix II mahogany Brazilian rosewood Dalbergia nigra Appendix I Madagascar Diospyros spp. Appendix II Manchurian ash Fraxinus mandshurica Appendix III (from China, Japan or Russia) Ramin spp. Appendix II

PART 3 Solutions Source: Reproduced from Meier, 2014. The Lacey Act: Preventing trade of illegal products in the US market

PART 3 Solutions Lacey Act provisions

TRADE BAN on illegally sourced and plant products DECLARATION FORM submission upon import, specifying scientific name, country of harvest, volume, value • PPQ Form 505 : APHIS Plant and Plant Product Declaration Form PENALTIES for violations • Civil : up to $10,000 • Misdemeanor : up to $100,000 ($200,000 for companies) and one year in prison • Felony : up to $250,000 ($500,000 for companies) and five years in prison

PART 3 Solutions Lesser -known species As beautiful and durable as commercially known species

PART 3 Solutions Business benefits for producers • diversification • enhanced economic viability of better forest management

PART 3 Solutions Business benefits for buyers • greater design variety • lower cost • diminished supply risk

PART 3 Solutions Environmental benefits • preservation of forest biodiversity • increased value of standing forests

PART 3 Solutions Lesser-known species: applications

PART 3 Solutions Instead of afrormosia, use timbauba

Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata) is listed in CITES App. II & considered endangered. Timbauba / hevio (Enterolobium schomburgkii ) is a lesser-known substitute. • From South America • Excellent stability, small movement

• Janka hardness of 2,330 lb f when dry • Very durable • Coarse texture • Fairly difficult to work • Finishing qualities rated good • Uses: flooring, interior & garden furniture

PART 3 Solutions Instead of big-leaf mahogany, use andiroba

Big-leaf mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ) is listed in CITES App. II & considered vulnerable. Andiroba (, C. procera ) is a comparable LKS. • From Central & South America • Moderate dimensional stability

• Janka hardness of 1,220 lb f when dry • Moderately durable • Medium to coarse texture • Medium working quality • Uses: furniture, decking, flooring, veneer, window frames

PART 3 Solutions Instead of meranti, use cambara

Meranti / lauan ( Shorea spp.) is considered endangered or critically endangered, depending on the species. Cambara / jaboty (Erisma uncinatum ) is a comparable LKS. • From South America • Good stability, medium movement

• Janka hardness of 940 lb f when dry • Moderately durable • Medium to coarse texture • Good working quality • Uses: interior furniture, veneer, window frames

PART 3 Solutions Instead of rosewood, use goncalo alves

Rosewood ( Dalbergia spp.) is listed in CITES App. I, II or III & considered endangered or vulnerable, depending on the species. Goncalo alves / muiracatiara / tigerwood (Astronium fraxinifolium, A. graveolens ) is a comparable LKS. • From South America • Dimensionally stable after seasoning

• Janka hardness of 1,850 lb f when dry • Durable • Fine to medium texture • Fairly difficult to work • Uses: interior furniture, veneer, flooring, decking PART 3 Solutions Instead of , use cherek

Teak ( grandis ) is becoming more difficult to find. Cherek / sungkai (Peronema canescens ) is a comparable substitute. • From Southest Asia • Excellent stability, small movement • Moderate durability – treatment required • Fine to medium texture • Easy to work • Uses: garden furniture, veneer, flooring

PART 3 Solutions Instead of walnut, use kanda

Walnut ( spp.) is considered endangered, vulnerable or near-threatened, depending on the species. Kanda (Beilschmiedia mannii ) is a comparable LKS. • From Central & West Africa • Excellent stability, small movement

• Janka hardness of 1,160 lb f when dry • Very durable • Medium to coarse texture • Medium working quality • Uses: flooring, interior furniture, veneer

PART 3 Solutions Instead of wenge, use sucupira

Wenge ( ) is considered endangered. Sucupira / sapupira (Diplotropis purpurea ) is a comparable LKS. • From South America • Moderate dimensional stability

• Janka hardness of 2,140 lb f when dry • Durable • Coarse texture • Moderately difficult to work • Finishing qualities rated good • Uses: interior & garden furniture, veneer, window frames, flooring, decking

PART 3 Solutions Sourcing LKS responsibly FSC ® certification

PART 3 Solutions Forest Stewardship Council TM (FSC) certification • Tracks products from forest to shelf • Responsibly produced forest products are identified with the FSC logo

Forest management Chain of custody Product labeling certification certification

PART 3 Solutions PART 4 Strategies and tools Ask questions and do your research

• Is the species I’m looking for overexploited?

PART 4 Strategies and tools Checklist of CITES Species checklist..org IUCN List www.iucnredlist.org Ask questions and do your research

• Is the species I’m looking for overexploited?

• Are there alternative species with similar properties?

PART 4 Strategies and tools WWF/GFTN guide to LKS www.gftn.panda.org/resources/?212135/Guide-to-Lesser-Known- Tropical-Timber-Species WWF/GFTN country-specific LKS guides http://www.wwf.org.co/?213040/Maderas-de-Colombia http://wwf.panda.org/?206675/Catalogo-Panama-en-linea http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog-of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber- Species FSC LKS database www.lesserknowntimberspecies.com/species Ask questions and do your research

• Is the species I’m looking for overexploited?

• Are there alternative species with similar properties?

• Are these species available FSC-certified?

PART 4 Strategies and tools FSC marketplace marketplace.fsc.org FSC product inquiry form us.fsc.org/find-producs.213.htm Ask questions and do your research

• Is the species I’m looking for overexploited?

• Are there alternative species with similar properties?

• Are these species available FSC-certified?

• If FSC is not available, question suppliers:

• What steps do you take to ensure compliance with timber regulations (e.g., Lacey Act, EU Timber Regulation)?

• Has the wood been verified by a third party as legal?

• What documentation can you provide that demonstrates responsible forest management?

PART 4 Strategies and tools Summary

• Your purchasing decisions can help conserve the world’s forests. • Producers, buyers and the environment benefit from responsible sourcing of lesser -known species. • The FSC standard is the most robust forest certification standard available. • Free resources to help you identify and procure FSC-certified LKS are available online. Takeaway message revisited

Using LKS is good for your business and the planet

By choosing legal and responsible LKS, you can reduce your costs, meet your design and production needs and take pressure off the world’s most valuable and threatened forests . Thank you for your time Questions? [email protected]

This program is registered for 0.1 CEU value with IDCEC. The IDCEC class-code is cc-102040-1000.