Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1187–1344 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA David Brandling-Bennet, Washington, DC, USA Associate Editors Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Stephanie James, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Michael Drancourt, Marseille, France Paul V. Effl er, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Marguerite Pappaioanou, Washington, DC, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Patricia M. Quinlisk, Des Moines, Iowa, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Didier Raoult, Marseilles, France S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Founding Editor K. Mills McNeill, Jackson, Mississippi, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Copy Editors Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Thomas Gryczan, Anne Mather, Beverly Merritt, Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Production P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Reginald Tucker, Ann Jordan, Shannon O’Connor, Stephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA Carrie Huntington David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Editorial Assistant Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Susanne Justice Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland www.cdc.gov/eid Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessar- Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA ily refl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Dixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA institutions with which the authors are affi liated. Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, how- P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA ever, is required. Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Use of trade names is for identifi cation only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa Services. Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements of Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 8, August 2008 August 2008 On the Cover Community Strains of Methicillin- Norman Rockwell (1894–1978) Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Doctor and Boy Looking at Healthcare-associated Infections, Thermometer (1954) Uruguay, 2002–2004 ...............................1216 Display advertisement S.R. Benoit et al. for the Upjohn Company Community-associated MRSA appears to be Oil on canvas (101.6 cm × 93.98 cm) replacing healthcare-associated MRSA strain types Collection of Pfi zer Inc. Licensed by in at least 1 facility and is a cause of healthcare- Norman Rockwell Licensing, Niles, IL related infections. CME Activity About the Cover p. 1339 Role of Noroviruses in Sporadic Gastroenteritis........................ 1224 M.M. Patel et al. Noroviruses accounted for 12% of severe gastroenteritis cases among children <5 years of Perspective age. Bacterial Pneumonia and Pandemic Zika Virus in Yap State, Infl uenza Planning ..................................1187 Micronesia, 2007 .....................................1232 R.K. Gupta et al. R.S. Lanciotti et al. Prevention and treatment of secondary bacterial The full coding region nucleic acid sequence and complications are important but neglected areas of serologic properties of the virus were identifi ed. planning. Rift Valley Fever Virus Historical Review Seropositivity, Northeastern Kenya ......1240 Deaths from Bacterial A.D. LaBeaud et al. Pneumonia during 1918–19 Exposure is associated with long-term retinal p. 1241 Infl uenza Pandemic ................................1193 disease and is most common in rural settings among older men who have contact with aborting animals. J.F. Brundage and G.D. Shanks A sequential-infection hypothesis is consistent with characteristics of the 1918–19 pandemic. Aquatic Invertebrates as Unlikely Vectors of Buruli Ulcer Disease ............1247 M.E. Benbow et al. Research Biting water bugs were not correlated with pathogen Diverse Contexts of Zoonotic occurrence. Transmission of Simian Foamy p. 1255 Viruses in Asia ........................................1200 L. Jones-Engel et al. Dispatches These infections are likely prevalent among persons who live or work near nonhuman primates. 1255 Cutaneous Infrared Thermometry for Detecting Febrile Patients Puumala Hantavirus Excretion P. Hausfater et al. Kinetics in Bank Voles ...........................1209 1259 Increased Amoxicillin–Clavulanic J. Hardestam et al. Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli Virus may be transmitted by saliva, urine, and Blood Isolates, Spain feces, and saliva may play a role in transmission to J. Oteo et al. humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 8, August 2008 1263 Endemic Circulation of European Bat Lyssavirus Type 1 in Serotine Bats, Spain August 2008 S. Vázquez-Morón et al. 1267 Highly Pathogenic Avian Infl uenza Letters Virus (H5N1) in Experimentally 1312 Pediatric Pneumonia Death Caused Infected Adult Mute Swans by Community-acquired MRSA, D. Kalthoff et al. Japan 1271 Infection with Panton-Valentine 1314 Rarity of Infl uenza A in Spring Leukocidin–Positive Methicillin- Shorebirds, Alaska Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1316 Isolation of Brucella microti from Soil t034 C. Welinder-Olsson et al. 1317 Plasmodium falciparum in Ancient Egypt 1273 Identifi cation of Residual Blood Proteins in Ticks by Proteomics 1319 Brucellosis in Infant after Familial S. Wickramasekara et al. Outbreak 1276 Isolation of Banna Virus from 1320 Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1, Cuba Mosquitoes, Vietnam 1322 Ciprofl oxacin Resistance in Neisseria T. Nabeshima et al. meningitidis, France 1280 Oseltamivir Prescribing, United p. 1265 1323 Rare Cryptosporidium hominis States, 2004–2005 Subtype and Aquatic Center Use J.R. Ortiz et al. 1325 Two Imported Chikungunya Cases, 1284 Cluster of Falciparum Malaria Cases Taiwan in UK Airport 1327 Chikungunya-related Fatality Rates, A.J. Rodger et al. Mauritius, India, and Reunion Island 1287 Analysis of Collection of Hemolytic 1327 Aquaculture and Florfenicol Uremic Syndrome–associated Resistance in Salmonella enterica Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Typhimurium DT104 A. Mellmann et al. 1329 Imported Dengue Hemorrhagic 1291 Virus Transfer from Personal Fever, Europe Protective Equipment to Healthcare Employees 1330 Mycobacterium setense Infection in L. Casanova et al. Humans p. 1269 1294 Rickettsia felis in Fleas, Germany 1332 Human Bocavirus in Tonsillar J. Gilles et al. Lymphocytes 1297 Macrolide-Resistant Shigella sonnei 1334 Reporting Bias for Clostridium L. Boumghar-Bourtchai et al. diffi cile Hospitalizations, United States 1300 Genotyping Rickettsia prowazekii Isolates 1335 Improving Methods for Reporting Y. Zhu et al. Spatial Epidemiologic Data (response) 1303 Environmental Contamination during Infl uenza A Virus (H5N1) Outbreaks, Cambodia, 2006 Book Review S. Vong et al. 1338 Wolbachia: A Bug’s Life in Another 1306 Detection and Molecular Bug Characterization of a Canine Norovirus V. Martella et al. News & Notes 1309 Henipavirus infection in Fruit