Airwaves KUMD 103.3 FM - The Sound Alternative

i\ Service of Continuing Education and Extension l nin·r,it., of :\linnl·,ota-D11l11th l\larch-,\pril 1988 \'oh11nl' 1J, :\11111her 2

New on weekends: Car Talk, Whad'Ya Know? and more!

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Plus: Bill Evans: An Audio Portrait Prime Time Women: A Radio Class for Credit Another Face of Jazz Breaking the Silence: Voices on Battered Women Report to the Listener b~' Paul Schmitz, Station Manager

s the cover of this issue of KUMD Community Advisory chaotic. What we are trying to do down. With any luck at all, how- A Airwaves indicates, we are Board, our volunteer staff, other is to create a schedule that has ever, we will begin to knock down making some program changes public radio stations' experiences built-in opportunities for experi- a few walls and install some of again, this time mostly on week- and suggestions, and our own best menting with new programs. Let our new audio consoles and tape ends. Change has become one of intuitions. us know what you like and dislike recorders within the next two to the fun aspects of working at The only alternative to change about these most recent innova- four months. Production will be KUMD--and one of the frustrating is stagnation and conservatism- tions. somewhat disrupted during con- ones as well. always doing things the same way Another kind of change which struction, but the end result We realize that program at the same time, etc. My sense is is also fun and frustrating is the should be better quality sound for changes are always a bit risky and that KUMD should be adventure- growth of the station's facilities you, with smoother operations for that we can never please everyone. some and experimental, that and equipment. We expected to the on-air staff. We'll update you But we do try to take into consid- change should be almost a routine be a bit further along with our periodically on these exciting im- eration a variety of points of view part of the annual progress of the control room renovation project provements in your radio station. as represented by many people: station-within limits, of course! by now, but the planners within Stay tuned. you the listeners, members of the Too much change would be the University have slowed us Cover Story

segments also deal with important New programs to join weekend line up in March! facts. THEY ARE NOT TRIVIA QUIZZES, insists Feldman. "We Solving America's Car Troubles "Click and Clack, the was the Auger. Hole Society, any- don't do trivia," says Feldman. Tappet Brothers," who take way?' Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya "Trivia is small. This is big. This their name from the Know? is produced by Wisconsin is my livelihood." clicketyclack sound made by aging Public Radio and is broadcast live "This is a nation that's been rroarsqueea autos, have counseled radio on KUMD Saturday mornings at swept by trivia," he continues. listeners about car woes for over a 10 a.m. "We do . .. .the opposite of trivia decade. They got their star.t in Michael Feldman knows about . ..significa . We want to squelch clickclack 1976, when they were asked to the burning questions of the day. trivia once and for all. Thanks to participate in a WBUR-FM/Boston Feldman, a native of Milwaukee, "Trivial Pursuit" the guy you used talk show on car repairs. Tom Wisconsin, taught high school for to hide from at a party - the one tappatappa accepted the invitation, and when several years before launching his who knew Marlene Dietrich's shoe he was invited back the next radio career in the late 70's as size -- has now replaced the dip as week, brought his brother along. host of an early-morning radio the center of attention." The Magliozzis subsequently were show. He came to Wisconsin Pub- Pretty strong stuff. And t·cktick asked to host their own weekly lic Radio in 1981 to produce and Feldman means it. The quiz cate- car program, Car Talk. host the Saturday comedy show gories deal with meaty stuff such ee-ee-eee Over the years, Car Talk at- High Noon, and, in 1983, created and as Current Events, Odds 'n' Ends, tracted a large local following, and produced A.M. Saturday, which People, Presidents, Science, and in 1987 "Click and Clack" reached evolved into Whad'Ya Know? Things You Should Have Learned car talk an even broader audience, when Whad'Ya Know? features call-in in School. Not only will listeners ar Talk hosts Tom and Ray NPR's Susan Stamberg invited quizzes, special guests, and com- laugh a lot, they'll also learn a lot. C Magliozzi know how to take them to contribute regularly to edy by host Feldman. Whad'Ya Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya the fear out of car repair and find Weekend Edition on Sundays. Know? is, in Feldman's words, Know? is funny, informative, the fun in engine failure. Every The Magliozzi brothers share "something of a quiz show, some- provocative, and helps build week, these uninhibited Boston car advice in the broad accents of thing of a variety show, done be- strong bodies twelve ways. brothers mix wisecracks with muf- the tough East Cambridge neigh- fore a live audience with their Michael Feldman is a master of fler problems and word puzzles borhood where they grew up. participation, but directed toward witty repartee, and his guests are with wheel alignment, as they dis- Tom, 50, and Ray, 38, both re- the listening audience via phone real people, not tedious media pense automotive first aid to pub- ceived degrees from the Mas- participation. Cross Larry King celebrities. So the show is always lic radio listeners. sachusetts Institute of Technology with Groucho and what do you unpredictable. You never know Since Car Talk's Oct. 31 debut and later opened the Good News get? I don't know, but it isn't what will happen, except that it on National Public Radio, "Click Garage in Cambridge, Mass. Ray, pretty. Thank God it's on radio .. will be funny. Very funny. and Clack, the Tappet Brothers" a former VISTA volunteer, still " have shared their brand of car runs the shop, while Tom teaches Feldman opens every show sympathy with listeners all over marketing at Boston University. with an anecdote or observation the country. on current events, and asks the Car Talk airs on KUMD on A Comedy Quiz Show! audience the question that is on Underwriters Saturday at 7 a.m. beginning everyone's mind: "Well, whad'ya March 5th. know?', and the audience enthusi- he following firms have pro- Like the local Car Talk, pro- astically responds with the time- T vided funds to help under- duced since 1976 by WBUR- honored reply, "Not much, you?'. write the acquisition and broad- FM/Boston, the new national one- The heart of the show is Feld- cast of the indicated programs. hour program i-s irreverent, infor- man's interaction with guests, stu- KUMD appreciates their partici- mative, unscripted, and unre- dio audience members, and ·callers. pation in quality public broadcast- hearsed. The Magliozzis answer .Feldman likes to find his humor ing for our area. callers' questions, review new cars in the people who come to the they have test driven, and propose studio and those who call in, and The Arrowhead Regional Arts Council merica is a nation in the listeners are also encouraged to ------Arts Reporting a weekly automotive puzzler: a ' throes of a crisis. contest in which listeners are chal- A correspond by postcard. Feldman The Duluth News-Tribune...-Morning A trivia crisis. is a master of witty, deadpan hu- Edition lenged to diagnose a mechanical All about us we look, and we problem based on a list of mor. For example, about devotees The Duluth-Superior Area Community find people writing and reading of winter sports he has said: "Talk Foundation--Arts and Global symptoms. books about unimportant things, As brothers and long-time about avid skiers_ I saw one Issues Reporting playing games the object of which bumper sticker that read, 'Pray for Miller-Dwan Medical Center-For the workers, Tom and Ray don't hesi- is to give answers to questions tate to disagree with each other Nuclear Winter'." Birds and the Nature of Things about unimportant things, listen- Feldman makes phone calls out Minnesota Power _ _ _ All Things on Car Talk, cheerfully calling ing to people talk about unimpor- each other names ("Piston Puss," to experts in various fields, reads Considered and Johq Bear- tant things on radio, and watching comical stories from the news, an- grease Reporting "Fender Face"), and playfully dub- people talk about unimportant bing the program "As the Wrench swers letters, interviews "authority The Music Center-----Symphooy things on television. figures," and profiles America's Previews Turns." They .admit a preference Soon, there will be trivia for large American cars (which "Town of the Week," which is cho- St. Louis County Federal Savings and movies, trivia records, trivia Loan ____Morning Edition they call "Imperial Star Cruisers") sen by an audience member stores, and trivia clubs. Is there throwing a dart at a giant map of and poke fun at everything from no escape? "Generic Motors" to "Yugo" ("I'll the United States. This support of programs There is. For starting on Whad'Ya Know? also features heard on KUMD deserves your stay here, Yugo to Europe to get March 5th, KUMD will air the the parts"). On Car Talk going na- frequent reports from "The In- thanks and support! When possi- comedy quiz show Whad'Ya Know?, former," the show's "source high in ble please let these businesses tional, Ray comments that "doing hosted by Michael Feldman. a national show on cars is better the administration," who gives lis- know how much you appreciate Whad'Ya Know? deals not with teners "the inside dope". In ad- what they are doing. than doing one on brains, because trivia, but with the really impor- at least everybody has a car." dition, Feldman takes phone calls For more information on how tant issues. It's the show that asks from listeners at any time during your business can become an un- Listeners with car questions burning questions such as, "What may call Car Talk toll-free, at 800- the show. derwriter of programming on 332-9287 on Saturdays. These are all obviously pretty KUMD contact Bob DeArmond at Page 1 important things. And the quiz . (218) 726-7181 ~lusic

-~ Bill Evans: An Audio Portrait Another Face of Jazz Among those reminiscing dur- s cozy as a piano bar, as anew, to risk everything, each ing this two-hour broadcast are A casual as a close friend - time he steps out on stage. colleagues Motian, Gomez and that's the best way to describe An- In Program Two, Jaki Byard J~hnson; jazz great George other Face of Jazz, two stereo half- shares his own compositions; his Shearing (an early influence); hours that seek to bring public versatile technique; his love of the Helen Keane, Evans' manager for radio listeners fresh insight into big band sound; and his delight in .. 18 years; and Debbie Evans, his the making of this largely impro- young jazz players. Ever the niece and inspiration for his best- vised, very American music. With teacher, Byard demonstrates a his- known composition, "Waltz For a focus on the jazz musician as tory of piano styles, including Debbie." Also heard is Bill Evans creative artist rather than person- Harlem stride and boogie-woogie, himself, in rare, archival inter- ality, Another Face of Jazz features the latter in an arch rendition of views. famed composer arranger/key- the Paul Desmond classic "Take Born in Plainfield, New Jersey, boardist Gil Evans and alto saxo- Five." Evans studied piano, violin, and phonist Lee Konitz in one pro- Each highly musical half-hour flute before settling down to a gram, and veteran pianist-com- contains more than a modicum of permanent relationship with the poser Jaki Byard in the other, in laughter, incidentally educating keyboard. Work with local dance studio performance and in col- radio listeners while showing them bands gave way to a short stint • legial conversation with esteemed a good time. Bill Evans with Charles Mingus. From jazz producer Michael Cuscuna. Another Face of Jazz was February until November 1958 he KUMD will broadcast Another Face produced with funds provided by hen Bill Evans died in 1980, was with Miles Davis' combo, a of Jazz on Monday, April 11 and the National Endowment for the W jazz lost a master, as well brief but significant period in his Wednesday, April 13, during Jazz Arts, and is distributed by Murray as one of the most influential pi- career that yielded Davis' well-re- Expansions. Street Enterprise, New York anists of the last quarter century. garded album Kind of Blue. Feel- The intimacy of the duo and through an experimental program Despite his stature, there has ing that jazz in its purest form solo performance setting is de- marketing co-op underwritten by never been a definitive documen- was best played by trios, Evans signed to offer these jazz greats the NEA. tary about this virtuoso, until now. found perfect partners in bassist much more freedom of expression On April 18 at 8 p.m. KUMD will Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul than the traditional group or big broadcast the first hour of Bill Motian. LaFaro's accidental death band formats, and to give radio Evans: An Audio Portrait, a special a year later hit Evans hard, but he audiences an unusual close-up of presentation of music and memo- persevered with his trios for the technique and artistic process. ries that will take listeners on a next two decades. , Congenial and leisurely-paced, An- chronological journey through A sensitive, introverted man, other Face of Jazz was created as a Evans' prolific worklife to his Evans dominated piano jazz in the team effort, led by multi-award I premature end at age 51. Bill 1960s, despite the rise of the winning senior radio producer t - > Evans: An Audio Portrait will con- African-American New Wave and Steve Rathe, with David Eyges, clude April 20 at 8 p.m. its energetic, emotion-filled sound. Phil Garfinkel and Lauren Produced by Beth Schenker Uninfluenced by the changing Krenzel. with an elegance and meticulous- marketplace, Evans remained true In Program One, Gil Evans and ness that echoes Evans' approach to his own style: intellectual, ro- Lee Konitz work out the Charles to his music, Bill Evans: An Audio mantic and melodic. He had a Mingus standard "Pork Pie Hat" - Portrait presents the panorama of lifelong affair with the American along with other improvised duets his career, from his early years song form, playing his beloved and solos - while their conversa- with Miles Davis, through his suc- show tunes stripped clean of tion leaps from Evans' fascination cession of legendary trios with schmaltz and filled with caressing with Louis Armstrong, to the in- such outstanding players as Scott silences. fluence of Lennie Tristano on Gil Evans LaFaro, Paul Motian, Eddie He reportedly died of bleeding Konitz, and his willingness to start Gomez and Marc Johnson. Evans' ulcers, at a time when he had felt work as a soloist and composer is a renewed freshness and enthusi- also examined, along with his role asm for his work. The distin- Hearts of Space Returns! as a recording artist, responsible guished jazz critic, Leonard for a phenomenal 100-plus albums Feather, called Evans "a pianist usic from the Hearts of Space, bring Music From the Hearts of in his lifetime, including five and composer of great distinction." M a weekly program of music Space back to the KUMD airwaves. Grammy winners. Nine complete Of those few interesecting months which will take you on a wordless Also beginning in March New selections of Evans in perfor- of their careers, Miles Davis has inner wandering in the world be- Dimensions and Wise Women Radio mance are featured in this special, said "I sure learned a lot from Bill tween consciousness and the will air at new times and New interspersed among interviews Evans. He played piano the way unconscious, will return to KUMD Sounds will be added to the Sun- with colleagues, friends and rela- it should be played." And famed beginning Sunday, March 6th. It day line up. Plus a new show tives. Rhonda Hamilton, veteran saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" will air at 8 a.m. and 10 p.m. The called Out of the Blue will debut. jazz host for public station Adderly has credited Evans with 8 a.m. program is a repeat of the Out of the Blue is a mix of hot WBGO-FM (Newark), narrates the "rare originality and taste." previous Sunday evening program. electric blues and steamy, cookin' program. KUMD is happy to be able to jazz.

UMD Feature: Radio Class for Credit Produced by KUMD March 22 - Women's Reality, Male • Perspectives, and Media Power. Series on Women Ill the Media to Air Guest: Dan Johnson, Professor of Communication, College of St. eginning March 8, KUMD will broadcast media. When Society Becomes an Addict. Scholastica. B air a series of call-in pro- Although women have made The final program will explore the grams exploring the role of visible gains in the industry in re- question of what the mass media March 29 - The Power of the Im- women in the media. The pro- cent years, gross inequities con- industry would look like if it were age: Women on Sit-Corns and Seri- grams are part of a radio course tinue to hamper their full partici- based on feminist principles als. for credit titled Prime Time Women, pation in this influential part of rather than the "white male April S - The Power of the Image: our society. According to a recent system." produced by KUMD and offered Women on Commercials. Guest: through Continuing Education FCC survey, 94% of men working Students who take the course Marsha Hystead, H.T. Klatzky & and Extension at the University of in the media "hold positions in one for credit, Prime Time Women, Associates, advertising agency. Minnesota, Duluth. of the four top categories, com- (Comm 5900, 3 credits) will receive Jean Johnson, host of KUMD's pared to only 64% of the women. a study guide and will be required April 12 - The Power of the Image: Wednesday morning Talkline pro- And women are paid on average to write four papers. For registra- Women in Radio. Guest: Marion gram, will host the new series. In- about 36% less than their male col- tion information, contact KUMD Watson, Station Manager, KUOM structor for the course is Linda leagues doing similar jobs. Ac- or Continuing Education and Ex- Radio, Minneapolis. Krug, Assistant Professor in cording to media observers, a fe- tension, 403 Administration Build- UMD's Communication Depart- male reporter can expect to have ing, UMD, Duluth, MN 55812, (218) April 19 - The Power of the Image: ment. Local and regional guest only about 15% of her stories ac- 726-8113. Women in Television. experts will speak on various as- cepted for airing on the news, and April 26 - The Power of the Image: pects of the topic, and listeners women continue to be hired, paid, Individual program listings include: Women in Media Productions. will be encouraged to call in with and fired based on their physical Guest: Constance Executive -Introduction of an alter- Hickok, questions and comments. The attractiveness and deference to March 8 Producer, Video Unlimited Pro- • native approach to studying programs will air Tuesday morn- men. ductions. ings from 9 to 10. Krug examines the media from women in the media. The course will examine the a feminist perspective. One of the May 3 - An Emerging Female Sys- March 15 - Women's Reality, the tem: Legislation and Action. ways in which women are pre- texts for the course is Anne Male Perspective, and the Addic- sented on radio and television sit- Wilson Schaef's most recent book, tive System. May 10 - An Emerging Female coms, dramas, and commercials, Perspective: Future Considera- and the realities of working in the Page 2 tions. ... Week at a Glance Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 5:00 5:00

7:00 Morning Edition 7:00 Car Talk Weekend Edition Heam of 8:00 Weekend 9:00 SPA 9:00 Prime Time Edition Women Talkline 10:00 Musical 10:00 Whad'Ya Variety Know? Noon Noon 12:30 The Sound Alternative Musical Variety Wise Folk Women Migrations Radio 3:00 3:30 4:00 Fresh Air Blues Out of 'n' The Blue All Things Considered Things News/Public 5:00 5:30 6:00 Fresh Air Affairs 6:00 McPartJand -tlidran PlanoJazz Heard it All Things Considered 7:00 Picldn'in on Record Through the 7:00 the Wind Grapevine Blues American 8:00 Jazz Alley Jazz Radio Jazz Jazz Expansions Festiv,al Expansions 9:00 Expansions RubyRed Crossroads' 9:00 9:30 Slippers New 10:00 10:00 10:30 Jaµ: Expansions 11:00 Maximum World Steppin' RPM Interstate Midnight Vibration Beat Out 103 Midnight 1:00 Moondance KUMD 103.3 FM-Public Radio 3:00 3:00 Programs at a Glance

All Things Considered. NPR's award- Heard It Through the Grapevine. A New Sounds. A weekly series fea- Steppin' Out. A weekly program of- winning news and public affairs weekly program featuring the best turing an adventurous blend of fering the full spectrum of rock magazine program. of R & B in all the styles of the electronic, acoustic, ethnic, and 'n' roll from its beginnings to the great synthesis of popular black folk music, including creations by progressive 1980s. The American Jazz Radio Festival. A music in the 1950s and 60s. some of today's most advanced weekly series presenting the finest "new music" composers. Weekend Edition. NPR's weekend jazz from coast to coast - "as per- Interstate 103. A weekly program morning news, information, and formed" in nightclubs, festivals featuring Classic rock 'n' roll. Out of the Blue. A weekly program arts and entertainment program and concert halls. mixing hot electric blues and hosted Saturday by Scott Simon Jazz Expansions. This program steamy, cookin' jazz. and Sunday by Susan Stamberg. Blues Alley/Blues 'n' Things. Weekly highlights the many forms of jazz. programs committed to the blues Pickin' in the Wind. A weekly pro- Whad'Ya Know? A weekly program in its pure form from Chicago and Maximum Vibration. A weekly pro- gram presenting a healthy mix nf featuring call-in quizzes, special the Mississippi Delta to the soul- gram which plays a wide variety folk music from the traditional to guests, and comedy by host ful contemporary sounds of the of rock from the 1950s to the 1980s. the creators of a new tradition. Michael Feldman. Texas bluesmen. Moondance. A weekly program Prime Time Women. A radio class Wise Women Radio. A weekly pro- Car Talk. A weekly program about playing a variety of rock and for credit whkh examines the gram by and about women, offer- other related music such as reg- how to take the fear out of car ways in which women are pre- ing old favorites and new veptures repair and find fun in engine gae, urban blues, and country sented on radio and television and by women artists in all musical failure. rock. the realities of working in the styles. broadcast media. Crossroads. A weekly return to Morning Edition. NPR's award-win- World Beat. A weekly program fea- rock music of the 1950s and 60s ning morning program of news RPM. A unique weekly program turing music made outside the de- covering the music of Chuck and public affairs with local news, committed to airing new, often veloped nations and the North Berry through to the Beatles and arts features, events announce- struggling artists. Explore hard- American and European artists the Stones. ments and weather. core punk, new wave, dance beat, who have applied reggae, ska, and pop rock. salsa, and the various African and Fresh Air. A daily hour-long pro- Music from the Hearts of Space. A Asian beats to western popular gram, covering the arts, contempo- weekly program of music which The Ruby Red Slippers Show. A music and jazz. rary culture, and the world of explores the world between con- weekly program featuring the rich ideas, featuring interviews by sciousness and the unconscious. and varied music of women song- Terry Gross. New Dimensions. Conversations with writers and performers plus in- thinkers on the leading edge of formation about area activities re- Folk Migrations. A weekly program lated to women's culture. that explores the full range of our change. outstanding folk library. Sidran On Record. Host Ben Sidran reviews the latest jazz albums and ,,. talks with the artists making them. ~\ Jigsaw puzzles up to 3,000 pieces ~1 BIJJE ~,;i~r co. J·Skylark IOI off fresh roasted coffee TOYS• GAMES• DIVERTISEMENTS with KUMD member's card DeWitt-Seitz Marketplace • Historic Canal Park • Free Parking Lot Sun. noon to 5; Mon., Tue., Wed., Sat. 10 to 6; Thu., Fri. 10 to 9 DEWITT-SEITZ MARKETPLACE • 394 LAKE AVE. SO. ______~----~------_J Program Listings

Mondays \Vednesdays

6:00 p.m. 9:00 a.m. Paper Industries, and a faculty Pianist/compose~/record member from UMD's School of 23 company executive Dave Marian McPartland's Talkline Business and Economics. Grusin offers advice to young jazz Piano Jazz Join us for informative, players who want to break into The Lester River Controversy. film scoring, and talks about his :-, thought-provoking call-in pro- Environmental Consultant, Pianist, Marian McPartland grams featuring University and 27 label, GRP, and how new technol- hosts this unique jazz series. Each Alden Lind and Gary Siverson of ogy is taking jazz classics into the community guest experts. Radio the Steelhead Association discuss program features McPartland in you can talk back to! future. performance and conversation the proposed tunnel, designed to encourage steelhead spawning in Saxophonist Chico Freeman, with famous guest artists who dis- March the Lester River. 30 often called one of jazz's cuss their craft and career influ- Treaty Rights Agreement. An "Young Lions," defines his role in ences. 2 exploration of the treaty 6:00 p.m. the international jazz community, March rights agreement between the and the formation of the recent Minnesota Department of Natural Sidran on Record super-group "Leaders." Young rising pianist Mulgrew Resources and the three Lake Su- 7 Miller takes turns with perior Minnesota Chippewa tribes. Jazz pianist-singer-composer April McPartland soloing in Art Tatum Ben Sidran hosts this series that Avant-garde saxophonist Small Business Development in tunes, including "Would You Like listens to and talks about jazz. 6 Arthur Blythe describes his to Take a Walk" and "I Surrender 9 the Northland. Kjell Knudsen, Each week Sidran and his guest musical journey from Los Angeles Director, UMD Center for Eco- Dear." spend an hour exploring the ori- to New York City. nomic Development and Small gins and the future of the world Butch Thompson, known to Business Development Center; Bob of jazz. Jazz great George Benson 14 many public radio listeners Heller, Program Director, Small 13 explains why he is returning as a regular on "A Prairie Home Business Development Center; and March to his musical roots as a guitar Companion," opens the show with Tom Van Hale, Natural Resources Jazz leader Max Gordon, player, and also talks about his re- "Ecuadorian Memories." The pro- Research Institute Small Business 2 owner/operator of the famQus cent "Collaboration" with protegee gram ends in a duet with host Group will discuss what are the New York jazz club Village Earl Klugh. McPartland in Earl Hines' problems of small businesses in Vanguard, reminisces about great "Rosetta." the Northland, and how-can those moments in' the club; Sidran pre- Ken Nordine, the creator of "Word Jazz," looks at the American jazz pianist Carol problems be solved. sents tapes of some of those mo- 20 ments, including performances by long tradition of jazz and poetry, 21 Britto, Toronto jazz favorite Men Who Abuse Their Part- and gives us a behind-the-scenes for more than 20 years now mak- jazz great Bill Evans, John 16 ners. Michael Paymar Coltrane, and Phil Woods. look at his electronic laboratory. ing waves on the New York jazz of Duluth's trend-setting Domestic scene, demonstrates her impressive Abuse Intervention_Project dis- Jazz leader Keith Jarrett talks Betty Carter, one of the piano skills with "Stolen Moments." cusses the causes of abusive be- 9 about his past solo perform- 27 world's great jazz vocalists, havior and what works to stop it. ces at the piano, and discusses his discusses her maverick years and Larry Novak, one of ongoing triumphs. 28 Chicago's most prolific The first in a special series on recent album "Spirits," featuring musical artists, solos on domestic violence. himself overdubbed on piano, per- cussion, and soprano saxophone. "Yesterdays" and on an original Battered Women. Three Thursdays composition, "Little Princess." 23 women who have been Guitarist Kevin Eubanks April battered share their experiences. 16 talks about his debt to guitar player Wes Montgomery, 9:00 a.m. Ragtime and stride piano Women's Shelters and Services. demonstrates some of Wes' stylis- specialist James Dapogny ta!ks 4 30 Services and shelters tic patterns on the guitar, and re- St. Patrick's about and performs the music of available to area women seeking flects on his own solo recording his favorite musical legend, Jelly· to protect themselves and their career. Roll Morton. children from abuse are explained Day Special by Mary Ness, Women's Coalition; Claude Bolling, inter- Jill Abernathy, Women's Action March 17th 11 nationally-known pianist/ Group; and Joni Mogen, Range RelatiYity Tn Concert. Recorded last composer, plays his strongly Women's Advocates. May in Boston's Sommerville The- rhythmic "Etude in Blue." atre is an exciting combination of John Dankworth, England's April traditional Celtic dance music and 18 number one saxophone The Movement for Education haunting Irish Folk song with a player, as well as a superb pianist, 6 Reform: How will it affect ,·ontemporary spirit. Relativity is performs his own work Minnesota? Guests will be Fred -:omposed of two sets of siblings, "Reconciliation"; later he joins Schroeder, UMD Interdisciplinary l\Iichacl O'Domnhaill (guitar and vo- McPartland on "Lady Be Good." Studies Program; Loren Lomasky, cal), Triona ni Domnhaill (clavinet Philosophy and Humanities Dept.; and vocal), formally of the Bothy Popular singer, pianist, and and Jonathan Conant, Foreign Band and Johnny Cunningham 25 Gershwin enthusiast ·Languages and Literatures Dept. (fiddle) and his brother Phil Michael Feinstein solos on George (accordion and synthesizer)... both Gershwin's "Someone to Watch The New Workplace. The of whom are well-known for -their Over Me." 20 guest is Jack LaVoy, Vice work with Silly Wizard. President for Public and Govern- Kevin Eubanks ment Relations, Lake Superior WE'RE FIRM BELIEVERS Ill IN DULUTH Fryberger, Buchanan, Smith• and Frederick, P.A.

Attorneys A Regional Law Finn Based in Duluth 700 Lonsdale Building • Duluth. Minnesotl 55802 • (2 181 722-0861 _HIGHLAND SERVICE CENTER_ SOAR VOLVO REPAIR SPECIALISTS & OTHER FOREIGN CARS FRONT END & WHEEL ALIGNMENT ON ALL DOMESTIC & FOREIGN CARS & TRUCKS • FUEL INJECTION • CARBURETORS • BRAKES • CLUTCHES • TRANSMISSIONS • MUFFLERS OVER 27 YEARS EXPERIENCE

HOURS: MON · FRI 7:30 AM · 5 PM 1606 W MICHIGAN l7 23'-81381 DULUTH ,:' ------Program Listings Saturdays Sundays

7:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. for the Nation, the Wall Street 11:00 p.m. Journal and author of The American Jazz Public Affairs "Corruptions of Empire." New Sounds Radio Festival March John Schaefer hosts this one- 9:00 p.m. hour weekly series featuring an This two-hour weekly series Ruth Crawford Seeger: American Music Maker is a highly pro- adventurous blend of electronic, presents the finest jazz, from coast 6 New Dimensions acoustic, ethnic, and folk music. to coast, performed in nightclubs, duced documentary examining the festivals and concert halls. work, life experience and beliefs This continuing series presents March of Ruth Crawford Seeger and her conversations with thinkers on the March leading edge of change. Beyond Graceland. Host move from classical composition 6 Schaefer looks at the journey Blues great B.B. King sings to folk musi and politics in the March that American pop, partially and plays his beloved guitar, 1930s. 5 Myth as Metaphor with Joseph rooted in African music, has made "Lucille" at the Paul Masson back across the Atlantic, influenc- Winery. Tunes and Talcs of Erin: A 6 Campbell. Professor Campbell, 13 Sound Portrait of the Tra- internationally-known scholar, au- ing a new generation of African Two legends of the saxo- ditional Music of Ireland draws on thor and lecturer in mythology, musicians. the vast resources of the Irish 12 phone, Lee Konitz and always a torch bearer for the dark Basically Bach. A program of James Moody, front separate quar- State Radio's archives to bring the path through the cavern of our 13 Bach's music is interpreted tets in performances at the 1987 stories, songs and voices of Irish consciousness, shares a plethora of by various new music artists, per- Umbria Jazz Festival in North townfolk as they speak of their wisdom in this conversation. forming on marimba and violin, Carolina. music, history and traditions. Crystal Dreams: Shaman guitar and fiddle, synthesizer, jazz Jazz guitarists extra- Women's Summit for Peace. 13 Themes with Lynn Andrews. trio, and many others. ordinaire Cal Collins and 19 20 After the success of the Seeing the sacred, opening the Music from Central Asia. The Jimmy Raney perform together International Women's Conference heart, facing the darkness, balanc- 20 music of Tibet, Kashmir, with the quartet of trumpeter in Nairobi, the USSR held a ing the inner male and female and the Mevlevi dervishes appears Bobby Shaw at the Actors Theatre follow-up meeting last summer at selves and more are all part of side by side with Western works in Louisville, Kentucky. which 3000 women from 154 coun- this extraordinary journey as she using Central A sian instruments. tries discussed strategies for joint reveals her direct experience of Famed jazz singer Bobby Featured is. a performance by the peace efforts. These two half- other realities with the Sisters of McFerrin sings in a solo Tibetan Singing Bowl Ensemble, taped 26 hour specials were recorded in the Dreamtime. concert from the 1986 Spoleto Fes- live in the New Sounds studio. Moscow, and give a special look at tival USA in South Caroli:1a. the efforts of American and So- Channeling: Truth or Fraud Some Folks Singing. Singer with Jon Klimo. The con- April viet women to "meet the enemy." 20 27 Joan Baez teams with Peter temporary phenomenon of chan- (P.D.Q. Bach) Schikcle for a moving The Philip Morris Supcrband, Matters of the Head: Simone de ·neling raises a multitude of ques- song based on a text by E.E. comprising Clark Terry, James 2 Beauvoir is a half-hour tions, and Klimo's encyclopedic re- Cummings, in an unusual program Moody, Jimmy McGriff, George Mraz, 27 documentary on the life of writer, search into the field provides an also featuring two traditional Grade Tate, and singer Dee Dec philosopher and life-long compan- abundance of answers. Inuit Eskimo songs. Bridgewater, performs at the Bea- ion of Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de con Theatre in New York City. Beauvoir. Listeners can write for a Personal E~·olutinn Through April The concert also features groups free reading list: Beauvoir List, 27 Self-Creation with Jacquelyn Small. This dialogue looks beyond New Music from 'One led by pianist Ahmad Jamal and WNYC-FM, 1 Certter Street, New the reigning therapeutic model 3 Alternath·c'. From the stage guitarist Kenny Burrell. York, NY 10007. Real Scotch Malt, a of New York's Merkin Hall, "One half-hour radio drama special pro- and inspires us to truly live our Th.is three-group program potential. Alternative" presents "Greenlawn" 9 includes performances duced by Karl Schmitt at Wiscon- and "The Vision" -- its original by pianist Dave McKcnna, singer sin Public Radio, and partially April works for oboe and classical gui- Rebecca Parris, and the duo of recorded on location in Scotland Crcath·c Traveling with Robert tar. Award-winning violinist looks at life in a Scotch making Dwike Mitchell and Willie Ruff. 3 and Megan Harris. If you've Frank Almond and acclaimed pi- village and the effects of that longed for the gypsy life and held anist Margaret Leng-Tan round out Famed jazz greats Herbie product on the community. back because of "practical" con- the program in guest appearances. 16 Hancock, Chick Corea, and April cerns, you'll want to hear the New Music from France. Airto Moreira perform abroad the Harrises' experiences as world The Forum: The State of Gay Schaer er presents music Queen Mary in this program from travelers. lo Long Beach, California. 3 Rights as viewed by U.S. by Richard \'inrnl, whose electronic Representative Barney Frank, D- l'iew Thinking with Patricia works contain echoes of Satie and Mass, one of the nation's few pub- lo Sun. Moving beyond other French masters; Pascal licly gay politicians. either/or (duahstic) thinking to Comeladc, who puts toy instru- perceiving with the whole brain ments to effective atmospheric This week, we begin a series underscores this dialogue with use; and Michael Portal, combining of three programs from lo Sun. jazz, African, and Near Eastern different sources that examine music. American media. The Forum: TV Conscious Dreams with Stephen Politics and Short-Term Thinking of- 17 Lalkrge. A fascinating World Music. This program fers the views of television pro- dialogue with a pioneer dream re- 17 features a variety of music ducer Norman Lear. searcher, who has scientifically by new music performers includ- · proven we can be "awake during ing Glen Belez, Alex de Grassi, R. The American Forum: Religious Airto Moreira sleep." Murray Schafer, and Southern 17 Broadcasting. This program Crossings. This week's program fea- features a discussion recorded by Creativity, Natural Philosoph~· 23 t·ures avant-garde NPR at the American University 24 and Science with David Bohm. With Guest John Adams. John jazz performed by trombonist in Washington on "saving souls" Bohm tells why science has become 24 Adams, composer of the Craig Harris' ensemble Tailgatcrs and "building empires." We'll hear specialized and fragmented at the acclaimed opera "Nixon in China," and saxophonist Dewey Rcdman's the views of Religious broadcast- cost of its soul. looks back at his long productive combo. ers and some of their critics. career in new music. In this tribute to Duke l\fainstrcam Media: Watchdog 30 Ellington, The Duke's Men, 24 or Lapdog. Alexander Cock- a group comprising former Elling- burn presents a trenchant and co- ton band members, perform gent analysis of why mainstream Ellington's music. Pianist Jaki media is servile to state ideology Byrd also performs. and goals. Cockburn is a columnist OPENi Tues. thru Sat._ . ___ _ (218) 720-3-l87 BOOKS ON: Metaphysics Spirituality GIFTS! . , Women's Issues °F1'0.~1D-g . Peace Healing custO~ Children's Stories ALSO: Workshops Special Orders ART POSTERS E Tarot Readings Therapeutic Massage Deckers Art Gallery 208 w. Superior St. Duluth. MN 55802 526 ~- 6th An. E. Dululh, '.\1N 55805 Award \\'inning Series to Air!

Listings - 6 p.m.: battering from a child's Battered Women Series to Air perspective. Mon. 3/21 Breaking the Silence. A ' n late March KUMD will of- heard but their place as primary random street corner survey elu- Mon. 3/28 Women Who Kill Their I fer a special program about authorities on the issues. cidates the range of public atti- Mates. Women imprisoned for battered women. Breaking the Si- Vaughan says, "Battered women tude and opinion on the subject of killing their mates tell the circum- lence: Voices on Battered Women is a are rarely, if ever, defined as the battering and forms the backdrop stances of their use of violence as moving series of ten half-hour experts on battering. But if for first person accounts of self-defense as its extreme. programs in which many battered they're not the experts, who are? battering. women share their pain and Until now, battered women have Tues. 3/29 Abusers: Intervention and strength. The award-winning se- simply not been asked to tell their Tue. 3/22 Police Response. Record- Treatment Batterers in interven- ries was produced by Sharon Rice stories - the response has been ings made on police ride-alongs tion or treatment programs de- Vaughan of St. Paul, co-founder of overwhelming." provide insight into the police scribe the situations that led to the nation's first battered women's Sharon Rice Vaughan's wide perspective on domestic abuse, . their use of violence, talk about shelter. range of experience with the is- pertinent laws and the enforce- the treatment process and their Local perspectives on battering sues of battering include member- ment of such laws. futures. will be offered during KUMD ship in the Region XI Legislative Wed. 3/23 Rural Battered Women. Wed. 3/30 Ideas and Battering. Uni- Talkline, at 9 a.m. Wednesday Committee which developed Min- Battered women from rural set- versity of Minnesota scholars in mornings, March 16, 23, and 30. In nesota's Domestic Abuse Act. In tings tell of the isolation and lack philosophy, history, law and litera- the first program Michael Paymar 1975 she co-founded the Region XI of alternatives they face. ture build a framework to inter- will discuss the pioneering work Battered Women's Consortium. pret and analyze cultural and so- of Duluth's Domestic Abuse Inter- As a VISTA worker and an advo- Thurs. 3/24 Emotional Abuse: When cial conditions which foster do- vention Program and the reasons cate she founded Women's Advo- the Bruises Don't Show. Emotional mestic abuse. why men abuse their partners. On cates, the first shelter for battered abuse is a devaluing, paralyzing the 23rd, area women who have women in the United States. She process as serious as physical Thurs. 3/31 Shelters and Services for been battered will share their ex- later served as the Director of abuse. Battered women subjected Battered Women. Battered women periences. And on the last pro- Women's Advocates, Inc. In the to abuse in both forms offer clues who have sought and found help gram the focus will shift to ser- late 70's Vaughan co-coordinated to why women stay in such share insights into safe homes, vices and shelters available to the Harriet Tubman Women's volatile situations. shelters, and advocacy programs. women in Duluth and on the Iron Shelter of which she was named Fri. 3/25 Children of Battered Range. Fri. 4/1 Three Stories: Dating Violence, Executive Director in 1980. Most Women. Recordings from support Breaking the Silence: Voices on Pornography and Violence, and recently she has been Training groups for children whose mothers Breaking the Silence. Three women Battered Women was produced at and Technical Assistance Coordi- KUOM, the sister station of have been battered and are in speak out about their widely dif- nator for the Minnesota Coalition shelters provide a unique view of KUMD on the Twin Cities campus ferent experiences with domestic for Battered Women. Through abuse. of the University of Minnesota. It MCBW she co-produced It's Not was named Best Radio Documen- Always Happy at My House", a film tary of 1987 by American Women for children about domestic abuse. tnuLUTH ART INSTITUTE in Radio and Television,.and Best Vaughan is a Community Faculty tso6 WEST MICHIGAN STREET Public Radio Series by the Min- member of the Metropolitan State KID, CLASSES SPRING nesota Education Association. Its University in the Human Services s candid and intimate conversations Division. She is pursuing a Mas- 1 with battered women break the R~ri~~Rt~:vtn I I ter of Arts Degree in American ~ADVENTURE IN DRAWINGIPAINTINGI legacy of silence that has brought Studies at the University of tc CLAY WORKS I I gross discriminations against these Minnesota. tc REGISTRATION victimized women. Vaughan says Breaking the Silence: Voices on BY MARCH 31 those who break the silence by Battered Women will air at 6 p.m., tfoA HORE INFORHATIOII AUD A 6PHl'LHf speaking of their own experience weekdays, for two weeks begin- t CLASS SCIIEDULE INCLUDING AU LI LLASSES claim not only their right to be ning March 21st. tc CALL 727-8013

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.. ·,. ·, , . / ,:< .-:,:>... ,./ ," '-"-_'::::::::::'!..·_'' :::::-_-, __.> :'.: /,::•:::::'-_/ -_-:::'., :::'.'='c.,,_, ...._. -- ~=/==;===: ==:'.:=====-_,,,,_._-_ -_ -_ -_ -_ .:.._ -_ :.,. _,;;,.._-_-_ -_ -_ -_ :..._-_ -_ -_ -_ ~--- -_-_ -_ .,:,,,- /'='=~::::===::,.., ______,:;,!,tis{~ i~{ ', '.fJ{~ E.i~L· I 12 ._ EAST SUPERIOR STREET 722-9970 Volunteer Staff KUMD-FM Community Orthopedic Associates KUMD 103.3 FM Otis-Magie-Oustafson Insurance Agency KUMD is the 100,000 watt public radio Bill Agnew, Craig Anderson, Dave Advisory Board Park State Bank Anderson, John Anderson, Jon Anderson, Positively 3rd St Bakery station at the University of Minnesota Mark Anderson Duluth, broadcasting at 103.3 FM. Jeff Bach, Kathleen Anderson, Mark St Louis Billiards and Eating Emporium Nancy Berini - Chair Sawhill Outfitters KUMD is part of University Media Re- Anderson, Stacy Bamford, Steve Jan Cohen Canoe sources, a department of Continuing Edu- / Timothy Smith, DD.S. Bonkowski, John Bramer, Kevin Bruce Elving cation and Extension at the University of Studio Graphix Chambers, Peter Clapp, Scott Chambers, Gruba Minnesota. Jan Cohen, Tim Connolly, Scott Currier, Jim Rolf Ulleberg-Attorney At Law Roy Harnish Women's Health Center of Duluth Christine Dean, Dann Edholm, Carol Bob Hartl KUMD is a non-commercial public radio Edwards, Pat Eller, Phil Enke, Laura Geri Michelli AIRWAVES is the bi-monthly program station serving northeastern Minnesota Erickson, Linda Estel, Bob Gabres, Mark Dave O'Donnell and northern Wisconsin. KUMD is a Garrison, Brian Gitar, Dan Gorski, Tim guide of KUMD and it reflects the pro- Helen Prekker gramming schedule as accurately as pos- member of National Public Radio and Goselin, Doug Greenwood, Leah Grittner, John Salminen the Association of Minnesota Public Edu- Jim Gruba, Bill Hansen, Steve Hansen, sible at press time. However, occasional Mark Strohm circumstances may create changes. Ad- cational Radio Stations. KUMD is Paul Hanson, Kate Hart, Chris Harwood, Arbra Tawwab funded by the University of Minnesota, Dean Hauge, Gerry Henkel, John ditionally, KUMD may pre-empt regular the State Legislature, the Corporation of Hensrud, Georgeanne Hunter, Bob programming to present special broad- Public Broadcasting, a student service fee, Johnson, Courtney Johnson, Dave Organizational Members casts. ' and listener contributions. Johnson, Jeffery Johnson, Pat Keenan, .A & E Supply Bob King, Byron Kuster, Bernadette Austin-Jarrow Sports KUMD's program guide, the AIR- LaFave, Loren Larsen, Tony Lasky, Brass Bed Antiques WA YES, is mailed to all members who Staff Brenda Latourelle, David Markeson, Mike Builders and Laborers Commonwealth contribute $15.00 or more annually. Martin, Dean Mattson, Al Merry, Cathy Cloquet Natural Foods Station Manager____ _.aul Schmitz Mosher, Joni Nelson, Don Ness, Yete Program Director ____John Ziegler Destination Travel ·Nordgren, Derrick Ohlin, Peter Olsen, The Duluth Clinic For membership and subscription informa- News/Public Affairs Coordinator ______Jean Johnson Rick Olsen, Tina Peterson, Odie Powell, The Electric Fetus-Duluth tion, contact KUMD. We are located in Helen Prekker, Lance Rhicard, Will 130 Humanities Building, 10 University Outreach Coordinator____ Bob DeArmond First Bank Duluth Rhodes, John Schumacher, Kris Simonsen, Jeff Frey Photography Drive, University of Minnesota, Duluth, News Producer/Morning Host Jane Soukup, Jean Sramek, Kathy Sting!, 55812. Our telephone number is (218) 726- ______...,haun Keenan Gilson Global Village Randy Swapinski, Marty Thompson, 7181. Interested persons are encouraged to Secretary ______Donna Neveau Grandma's Saloon and Deli Nancy Tibbetts, Terry Tucker, Bryan Highland Beauty Floors become volunteer programmers or news Engineer Kirk Kersten Vollman, Jon Widen, David Williams, Highland Service Center reporters at KUMD. Office Assistan Lynda Lenz John Williams, Bill Wright, Ted . Wright, Hummingbird Productions ------Kris Marciniak ______Paul Berthiaume Peg Zahorik. Or. Carter F. Johnson, D.D.S. ______Thomas Walt Krenzen CadiJlac-Pontiac-Honda-Datsun The University of Minnt;sota is an Reporter ______,.;,teve Clemas Lake Superior Custom Photo Lab Mary Martin Ph.D. equal opportunity educator and Norwest Bank employer. KUMD Members Club

Use your KUMD Members' Club Card Lake Superior Tea Room for discounts on goods, services, and $1.00 discount per High Tea order. Yes! I would like to become a member of KUMD. performance tickets at these businesses: Minnesota Repertory Theatre at the University of Minnesota-Duluth The Blue Heron Trading Co. $1 off the price of any ticket. 10% off all fresh roasted coffee purchases. Musicland Miller Hill Mall Membership Levels: The Depot $1 off any regularly priced cassette, LP The Saint Louis County Heritage and or compact disc in stock. You must _$250 ...... Sponsor _$4,0...-•-······...... Sponsor Arts Center present your card when making a 10% discount on all admission fees to the purchase. _$100___ , .. ,.Sponsor _$30-... -.-Basic museum. Perry Framing _$60----Sponsor _$15 .Student/Fixed Income Dire Wolf 10% off the total framing cost when Custom Leather Goods using a metal frame. by Pat Eller 10% off all custom leather work. The Record Store Please charge my membership to my 10% off any regular priced album. Duluth Art Institute MasterCard_ or VISA_ $3 off any adult and children's classes Kathleen Robinson Antiques and but not on workshops. Collectables Specializing in Glass and China Account# The Duluth Ballet 10% discount off all merchandise. $1 off individual tickets. Card Number ______Second Edition Bookstore Duluth-Superior Symphony Orchestra Kirby Student Center Name· Taavo Virkhaus, Music Director and University of Minnesota-Duluth ------Conductor 10% off general books, calendars, and Address $2 off the ticket price for the following cassettes. ------,------performances. City, State, Zip ______Jan. 23, 198..,_____ Betsy Highland, Sky's the Limit cellist. 10% off all merchandise. Phone ______March 19, 1988.-·····-·-... -A concert featuring the Duluth Ballet. Superior Inn New Member_or renewal April 15, 1988--A concert featuring the 10% discount on regular room rate. Duluth-Superior Symphony Chorus. TWEED muscuMart Fill out and mail to: Explorations University of Minnesota-Duluth 10% off all merchandise. 10% off any purchase at the museu- MART gift shop. KUMD Fairlawn Mansion and Museum , 130 Humanities Building Buy one admission at the regular price Using your card is simple: and get a second one free. 1. Show your card before making a 10 University Drive purchase or mention it when University of Minnesota-Duluth Global Village making a reservation. 10% discount on all regularly priced Duluth, MN 55812 cards and gifts. 2. Call the discounting organization with questions about specifics. Kitchen Kettle 3. Remember that no other discount will Thank you for your support. ~0% off any regular priced menu item. apply. Contributions to KUMD are tax deductable. Lake Aire Bottle Shop 4. Enjoy and use your card! L ______J 10% on all regularly priced wines.

masks & /i[JU res in clay by Explore. •••• Mark Lake NEW creative toys, collectible and playable dolls, educational software, teaching materials March 7-ApriL3 for parents and teachers, award winning 0 childrens booksparty favors ns Reception Saturday and MUCH MORE! March 12, 7-9pm 127 West Superior Street WMre children are encouraged to explore! Duluth, Minnesota 55802 DeW11t-Se1tz Marketplace, Canal Park, Duluth, MN • Open daily • 722-1451 722-1651 ------.~"'WHOLESOME. ADDITIVE FREE FOODS ~~BULDERS& LABORERS PRODUCE SPICES HERBS I~-' V COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION VITAMINS l~'/..'1_, WHOLE• JUICES l •~, FOODS ANNOUNCES ITS RELOCATION TO NUTS t~ CO-OP, 517 GARFIELD AVENUE SEEDS DULUTH, MINNESOTA 55802 GRAINS BEANS OUR NEW TELEPHONE NUMBER IS BOOKS 218/726·1192 BODY CARE PRODUCTS OPEN WEEKOAYS FROZEN TREATS • 9·9 • GENERAL CONTRACTN, PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN CUSTOM WOOOWORKNG SATURDAY 9·5 SNACKS AND GIFTS SUNDAY 12·5 COFFEE AND TEA 1687 CHEESES AND MORE! 218 -723 - 631 east 8th street, Duluth Pioneer· Crafts Coop Quality Handmade Crafts Let your imagination Soar! with the time anti money you cau save and Original Art anti the con\'Cnience you'll have with professional from Northeastern Minnesotans secretarial sen·ices just a phuue call away Open Every Weekend Sat. and Sun. - 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 41/2 miles NE of Two Harbors on Hwy 61 • Phone 834-4175 \_- 722-4617 Arrowhead l'lace 205 West Second St. Duluth, Minnesota 55802 We make quickwork of your p:,pcrwork. Jan Cohen Marketing Representative

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