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English for Tourists and Travellers ²Ü¶Èºðºü ¼ ºðºì²ÜÆ äºî²Î²Ü вزÈê²ð²Ü EVINYAN S.S., ABRAHAMYAN S.S., TEMRAZYAN E.H. ¾ìÆÜÚ²Ü ê.ê., ²´ð²Ð²ØÚ²Ü ê.ê., ºØð²¼Ú²Ü ¾.Ð. ENGLISH FOR TOURISTS AND TRAVELLERS ²Ü¶ÈºðºÜ ¼´àê²ÞðæÆÎܺðÆ ºì ֲܲä²ðÐàð¸ÜºðÆ Ð²Ø²ð ´àôÐ²Î²Ü ÒºèܲðΠȲ´àð²îàð ²Þʲî²ÜøܺðÆ ÒºèܲðÎ ºðºì²Ü ºäÐ Ðð²î²ð²ÎâàôÂÚàôÜ 2011 – 3 – Ðî¸ 802.0:379.85 (07) ¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É + 75.81 ó7 ¿ 812 Ðñ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É ºäÐ ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹Á ¶ñ³ËáëÝ»ñ` µ³Ý. ·Çï. ûÏÝ., ¹áó»Ýï ê. ²´ð²Ð²ØÚ²Ü µ³Ý. ·Çï. ûÏÝ., ¹áó»Ýï ø. вðàôÂÚàôÜÚ²Ü ¾ìÆÜÚ²Ü ê.ê. ¾ 812 ²Ý·É»ñ»Ý ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³- Ù³ñ: ´áõÑ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏ /ê.ê. ¾íÇÝÛ³Ý ê.ê. ²µñ³Ñ³Ù- Û³Ý, ¾.Ð. »Ùñ³½Û³Ý; ºñ¨³ÝÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý гٳÉë³ñ³Ý. – ºñ©£ ºäÐ Ññ³ï©, 2011© – 218 ¿ç£ Ò»éݳñÏÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ë»ñíÇë Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ׳ݳå³ñ- Ñáñ¹»É ó³ÝϳóáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛÝ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 18 µ³Å- ÝÇó, áñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ ½µáë³ßñçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µ³½Ù³½³Ý ѳñó»ñ: ²ÛÝ Ïû·ÝÇ ×³Ý³ã»É ³Ûó»É³Í »ñÏñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ, ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ѳëÏ³Ý³É ï³ñµ»ñ ³½·»ñÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÝ áõ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ, ÇÙ³ë- ï³íáñ»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýù` Ëáõë³÷»É ÃÛáõñÁÙµéÝáõÙÝ»ñÇó: Ðî¸ 802.0:379.85¥07¤ ¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É + 75.81ó7 ISBN 978-5 -8084 -1474 -7 © ºäÐ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, 2011 é © лÕ. ÏáÉ»ÏïÇí, 2011 é – 4 – кÔÆܲÎܺðÆ ÎàÔØÆò Ò»éݳñÏÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ë»ñíÇë Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` áñå»ë áõëáõÙݳûųݹ³Ï Ó»éݳñÏ º. ØËÇóñÛ³ÝÇ “Basic English For University Students” ¹³ë³·ñùÇ: ²ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É Ý³¨ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý ëÇñ³- ѳñÝ»ñÇ, ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÁ áñå»ë »ñÏñáñ¹ Ù³ë- ݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ÀÝïñí³Í ï»ùëï»- ñÁ ¨ »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý ½³ñ·³óÝ»É áã ÙdzÛÝ ³Ý·É»- ñ»ÝÇ ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÛÉ Ý³¨ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ³Ý·ÉdzËáë »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃ- Û³Ý, ³ß˳ñѳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¨ »½³ÏÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»- ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ, ѳëϳݳÉáõ áõ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»Éáõ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ï³ñµ»- ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÏÝå³ëï»Ý Ù³ñ¹- ϳÛÇÝ ¨ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ÷áËѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ×Çßï ÁÝϳÉÙ³ÝÝ áõ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: Ò»éݳñÏÁ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 18 µ³ÅÝÇó (Units): Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ µ³ÅÇÝÁ ϳ½Ùí³Í ¿ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ùëïÇó, »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝó Ù»ç ½áõ·³ÏóíáõÙ »Ý µ³é³å³ß³ñÁ, ù»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ѳÕáñ¹³Ïóí»Éáõ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ- Ý»ñÁ: Ò»éݳñÏÇ í»ñçáõ٠ϳ ݳ¨ µ³é³ñ³Ý: – 5 – – 6 – UNIT 1 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE I. Read and translate the text. ENGLISH NOWADAYS Nowadays it is very important to know foreign languages. The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. Knowing of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. It helps us get acquainted with new people, nations, to know about their customs and traditions. The proverb says “The more languages one knows, the greater power he has”. It is very useful to learn foreign languages. Every educated person, every good specialist, should know foreign languages, especially English. Officially English now has a special status in more than 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion speakers. It is the most widespread language on the Earth. In number of speakers, English is nowadays second only to Chinese. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America and of Australia and New Zealand. It is used as one of the official languages in Canada, Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa, to say nothing of people all over the world who know English well or not so well as a foreign language. Throughout the world many people use English as an international language. Some people use it for social purposes, others for business or study. There are also certain “international professions”, such as airline pilots and air-traffic controllers, which require a working knowledge of English. English is a language, language is a part of culture, and culture and language cannot be separated from each other. English is the language of great literature. We can read foreign authors in the original. It is the language of William Shakespeare, – 7 – Jonathan Swift, Walter Scott and Charles Dickens. English is also the language of computers, science and sport, business and trade. So English is a world language. II. Answer the questions: 1. Why are foreign languages socially demanded today? 2. What English-speaking countries do you know? 3. Do you find languages easy or difficult to learn? 4. Is English popular in your country? 5. Do you like to speak English? 6. What other languages would you like to know? III. Translate into English: ներկայումս, ամբողջ, ծանոթանալ, ավանդույթ, կրթված, մասնագետ, պաշտոնապես, կարգավիճակ, լայն տարածված, բազմաթիվ, նպատակ, մասնագիտություն, պահանջել, գիտելիք, գրականություն, բնագիր, առևտուր: IV. Name three nouns that you find more necessary for learning a foreign language. V. Learn the dialogues by heart. Dialogue 1 Lucy: I give up! I simply can’t learn English. Helen: Why do you say that? I think you are making a lot of progress. Lucy: No, I’m not. I try and try and still can’t speak it very well. Helen: Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but don’t give up. Why don’t we practise those dialogues together? Lucy: Good idea! That just might help. – 8 – Dialogue 2 Lucy: So how’s your English class going? Helen: Not bad, but I’m finding the pronunciation difficult. Lucy: Well, it takes a while to get it right. You could improve your accent by listening to language CDs. Helen: That’s a good idea. But how do you learn new vocabulary? I always seem to forget new words. Lucy: I learn new English words best by writing them on pieces of paper and sticking them on things in my room. I look at them every night before I go to sleep. Helen: Hmm. Maybe I should try something like that! VI. Translate into Armenian. How to learn English better There are some rules of memory. It is necessary to revise the material you have learned every three days, if you don’t revise the material within three days most of the information vanishes as if you’ve never learnt it. It is better to memorize the material before you go to bed. You’ll memorize it more quickly. It’s very useful to listen to the material you are learning to memorize the pronunciation. One should also know that we get 90 % of information by teaching others, only 20 % by listening and 30% by seeing. VII. Pair work. What do you do to improve your English? Interview a partner and circle his or her preferences. 1. When you make a mistake in English, would you prefer someone to … a) correct it immediately? or b) ignore it? 2. When you hear a new word in English, would you rather… a) write it down? or b) try to remember it? 3. If you don’t understand what someone says would you rather …. a) ask the person to repeat it? or b) pretend you under- stand? – 9 – 4. Would you prefer to speak English with…. a) a native speaker? or b) a non-native speaker? 5. When you meet a native English speaker …. a) do you try to talk to the person? or b) are you too shy to speak? 6. When you use English and make mistakes, do you …. a) let it bother you a lot? or b) let it bother you only a little? Group work. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each (a) or (b) option. Are there better options for each situation? VIII. Discuss these questions in your group. 1. Why is it necessary to know English and computer nowadays? 2. Do computers help us learn foreign languages? 3. Can English be the universal language on the Internet? IX. Find corresponding proverbs and illustrate them by giving situations of your own. 1. Knowledge is power. 2. It is never late to learn. X. Complete the phrases in column A with the information in column B. (More than one answer is possible.) Then compare with a partner. A. 1. You can improve your accent…… 2. A good way to learn idioms is…… 3. Students can become better writers…… 4. A good way to learn new vocabulary is…… 5. People can become faster readers…… 6. One way of practising conversation is…… – 10 – 7.
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