Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics Version 1.2 Essnet-ISAD Workshop, Vienna, 28-30 May 2008

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics Version 1.2 Essnet-ISAD Workshop, Vienna, 28-30 May 2008 Insights on Data Integration Methodologies Integration Data on Insights KS-RA-09-005-EN-N Methodologies and Working papers Methodological manual for tourism statistics Version 1.2 ESSnet-ISAD workshop, Vienna, 28-30 May 2008 May 28-30 Vienna, workshop, ESSnet-ISAD 2012 edition 2009 edition Methodologies and Working papers Methodological manual for tourism statistics Version 1.2 2012 edition Methodological manual for tourism statistics Implementation of Article 10 of Regulation 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2011 concerning European statistics on the tourism (OJ L 192, p. 17): "The Commission (Eurostat) shall, in close cooperation with Member States, draw up and regularly update a methodological manual which shall contain guidelines on the statistics produced pursuant to this Regulation, including definitions to be applied to the characteristics of the required data and common standards designed to ensure the quality of the data." Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012 ISBN 978-92-79-21480-6 ISSN 1977-0375 doi:10.2785/17646 Cat. No KS-RA-11-021-EN-N Theme: Industry, trade and services Collection: Methodologies & Working papers © European Union, 2012 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The opinions expressed are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission. Preface Preface The tourism sector accounts for a significant part of the economy in many European countries. Given the sector's potential in terms of growth and employment but also in terms of social and cultural integration, any appraisal of its competitiveness and position requires a good knowledge through official statistics of the volume of tourism, the characteristics of tourism trips, the profile of the tourist, the tourism expenditure and the benefits for the economies of the countries. The adoption by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union of Regulation 692/2011 concerning European statistics on tourism is a major step forward towards harmonised system of tourism statistics for the European countries. An important element in achieving the objective of harmonised and comparable statistics, is this Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics. The manual will be a tool for helping the national compilers of tourism statistics to translate the European requirements into the national data collection systems and to implement national surveys following a harmonised methodology. It should be a hands-on tool with recommended guidelines. Its main focus is on explanatory notes to the variables and breakdowns. It however also includes a set of recommendations to national statistical authorities to be taken into account when carrying out the surveys / data collections to assure the production of high quality and comparable results as foreseen in the regulatory framework. Annexes with – where applicable - model questionnaires, transmission formats and metadata and quality reporting templates as well as legal background documents are included in this manual. The concept of this manual is to use it as a regularly updated 'rolling document'. Any proposal to improve or complete the manual is welcome, also from readers/users outside the European Statistical System. This manual builds on existing methodological guidelines and integrates in particular elements from the following sources: Commission Decision of 9 December 1998 on the procedures for implementing Council Directive 95/57/EC1; Community methodology on tourism statistics (1998)2; Applying the Eurostat methodological guidelines in basic tourism and travel statistics – A practical manual (1996)3; Discussions with experts from the Member States at the occasion of meetings of the Task Force and the Working Group on tourism statistics, held in the period 2006-2012. 1 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:009:0023:0047:EN:PDF 2 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/tourism/documents/Community%20methodology%2 0on%20tourism%20EN%20-%20CA0196228ENC_002%5B1.pdf 3 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/tourism/documents/Applying%20the%20methodolog ical%20guidelines.pdf Methodological manual for tourism statistics — 2012, v. 1.2 3 Preface Notwithstanding the necessity to reflect in the first place the European context, the manual has the ambition to be consistent with international guidelines, in particular the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics4 (IRTS 2008) and its Compilation Guide5 (IRTS 2008 CG), the Tourism Satellite Accounts Recommended Methodological Framework6 (TSA:RMF), the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual7 (BPM6) and the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 20108 (MSITS2010). Christophe Demunter Eurostat, tourism statistics 4 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesm/SeriesM_83rev1e.pdf (other language versions available from the same site: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/tourism/manual.html) 5 The Compilation Guide for the IRTS 2008 is a work in progress and is expected to be formally released by UNSD/UNWTO in the course of 2013. Reference made to the IRTS CG in this edition of the Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics, are based on the (advanced) draft version of March 2011 prepared for and discussed at the UN Expert Group meeting 2-5 May 2011 [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/egts/CG/IRTS%20compilation%20guide%207%20march%20201 1%20-%20final.pdf]. 6 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf (other language versions available from the same site: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/tourism/manual.html) 7 http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/pdf/bpm6.pdf 8 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/TFSITS/msits2010/M86%20rev1-white%20cover.pdf Methodological manual for tourism statistics — 2012, v. 1.2 4 Table of contents Table of contents Preface ........................................................................................................................3 Table of contents .........................................................................................................5 List of references.........................................................................................................9 List of boxes ..............................................................................................................11 List of tables ..............................................................................................................12 List of figures ............................................................................................................14 Updates in Version 1.2...............................................................................................15 1 Basic concepts ................................................................................................17 1.1 Travel and tourism........................................................................................... 18 1.1.1 Traveller versus visitor .............................................................................. 18 1.1.2 Tourist versus same-day visitor .................................................................. 19 1.1.3 Trips, visits, tourism visits ......................................................................... 19 1.1.4 Scheme for travel and tourism ................................................................... 20 1.1.5 Scheme for tourism statistics ..................................................................... 21 1.2 Country of residence ........................................................................................ 23 1.2.1 Determining the place of usual residence ..................................................... 24 1.2.2 Eurostat standard code list ........................................................................ 28 1.2.3 Treatment of specific countries and territories .............................................. 28 1.2.4 Treatment of specific measurement issues ................................................... 30 1.3 Usual environment........................................................................................... 30 1.3.1 Criteria for usual environment .................................................................... 32 1.3.2 Crossing of national borders....................................................................... 37 1.3.3 Second (vacation) homes .......................................................................... 38 1.3.4 Students ................................................................................................. 39 1.3.5 Examples ................................................................................................ 40 1.3.6 Supply side statistics in the context of usual environment .............................. 41 1.4 Tourism Statistics versus Balance of payments..................................................... 41 1.4.1 Definitions of travel versus tourism ............................................................. 41 Methodological manual for tourism statistics
Recommended publications
  • Sustainable Ecotourism in the Village of Khiriwong And
    1 SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN THE VILLAGE OF KHIRIWONG AND THE KHAO LUANG NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND by Kitsada Tungchawal A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in Hospitality and Tourism Approved: 6 Semester Credits Leland L. Nicholls, Ph.D. Thesis Advisor Thesis Committee Members: Bob Davies, Ed.S. Kenneth Parejko, Ph.D. The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout January, 2001 2 The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Tungchawal Kitsada (Writer) (Last Name) (First) Sustainable Ecotourism in the Village of Khiriwong and the Khao Luang National Park, Thailand (Title) Hospitality and Tourism Leland L. Nicholls, Ph.D. January, 2001 216 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual (Name of Style Manual Used in this study) Sustainable ecotourism is often considered to be effective for supporting the local communities’ economy and promoting the conservation of protected areas in developing countries. By establishing economic benefits for impoverished villagers or their communities, sustainable ecotourism is utilized to encourage local guardianship of natural resources. To assess sustainable ecotourism’s impact on the revenue of local residents in the Village of Khiriwong and the Khao Luang National Park, and its effects on the environmental preservation of the Khao Luang National Park in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, the researcher randomly conducted surveys of the visitors’ attitudes about rewarding experiences during their village and park visits. Biologists and Ecologists were interviewed about sustainable ecotourism’s role in supporting environmental preservation in the village and national park.
    [Show full text]
  • Carlow College
    - . - · 1 ~. .. { ~l natp C u l,•< J 1 Journal of the Old Carlow Society 1992/1993 lrisleabhar Chumann Seanda Chatharlocha £1 ' ! SERVING THE CHURCH FOR 200 YEARS ! £'~,~~~~::~ai:~:,~ ---~~'-~:~~~ic~~~"'- -· =-~ : -_- _ ~--~~~- _-=:-- ·.. ~. SPONSORS ROYAL HOTEL- 9-13 DUBLIN STREET ~ P,•«•11.il H,,rd ,,,- Qua/in- O'NEILL & CO. ACCOUNTANTS _;, R-.. -~ ~ 'I?!~ I.-: _,;,r.',". ~ h,i14 t. t'r" rhr,•c Con(crcncc Roonts. TRAYNOR HOUSE, COLLEGE STREET, CARLOW U • • i.h,r,;:, F:..n~ r;,,n_,. f)lfmt·r DL1nccs. PT'i,·atc Parties. Phone:0503/41260 F."-.l S,:r.cJ .-\II Da,. Phone 0503/31621. t:D. HAUGHNEY & SON, LTD. Jewellers, ·n~I, Fashion Boutique, Fuel Merchant. Authorised Ergas Stockist ·~ff 62-63 DUBLIN ST., CARLOW POLLERTON ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31367 OF CARLOW Phone:0503/31346 CIGAR DIVAN TULL Y'S TRAVEL AGENCY Newsagent, Confectioner, Tobacconist, etc. TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone:0503/31257 Bring your friends to a musical evening in Carlow's unique GACH RATH AR CARLOVIANA Music Lounge each Saturday and Sunday. Phone: 0503/27159. ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, SMYTHS of NEWTOWN CARLOW SINCE 1815 DEERPARK SERVICE STATION MICHAEL DOYLE Builders Providers, General Hardware Tyre Service and Accessories 'THE SHAMROCK", 71 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31414 Phone:0503/31847 THOMAS F. KEHOE SEVEN OAKS HOTEL Specialist Livestock Auctioneer and Valuer, Far, Sales and Lettings,. Property and Est e Agent. Dinner Dances * Wedding Receptions * Private Parties Agent for the Irish Civil Ser- ce Building Society. Conferences * Luxury Lounge 57 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Telephone 0503/31678, 31963.
    [Show full text]
  • English for Tourists and Travellers ²Ü¶Èºðºü ¼
    ºðºì²ÜÆ äºî²Î²Ü вزÈê²ð²Ü EVINYAN S.S., ABRAHAMYAN S.S., TEMRAZYAN E.H. ¾ìÆÜÚ²Ü ê.ê., ²´ð²Ð²ØÚ²Ü ê.ê., ºØð²¼Ú²Ü ¾.Ð. ENGLISH FOR TOURISTS AND TRAVELLERS ²Ü¶ÈºðºÜ ¼´àê²ÞðæÆÎܺðÆ ºì ֲܲä²ðÐàð¸ÜºðÆ Ð²Ø²ð ´àôÐ²Î²Ü ÒºèܲðΠȲ´àð²îàð ²Þʲî²ÜøܺðÆ ÒºèܲðÎ ºðºì²Ü ºäÐ Ðð²î²ð²ÎâàôÂÚàôÜ 2011 – 3 – Ðî¸ 802.0:379.85 (07) ¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É + 75.81 ó7 ¿ 812 Ðñ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É ºäÐ ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹Á ¶ñ³ËáëÝ»ñ` µ³Ý. ·Çï. ûÏÝ., ¹áó»Ýï ê. ²´ð²Ð²ØÚ²Ü µ³Ý. ·Çï. ûÏÝ., ¹áó»Ýï ø. вðàôÂÚàôÜÚ²Ü ¾ìÆÜÚ²Ü ê.ê. ¾ 812 ²Ý·É»ñ»Ý ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³- Ù³ñ: ´áõÑ³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏ /ê.ê. ¾íÇÝÛ³Ý ê.ê. ²µñ³Ñ³Ù- Û³Ý, ¾.Ð. »Ùñ³½Û³Ý; ºñ¨³ÝÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý гٳÉë³ñ³Ý. – ºñ©£ ºäÐ Ññ³ï©, 2011© – 218 ¿ç£ Ò»éݳñÏÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ë»ñíÇë Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ½µáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¨ ׳ݳå³ñ- Ñáñ¹»É ó³ÝϳóáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²ÛÝ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 18 µ³Å- ÝÇó, áñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ ½µáë³ßñçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µ³½Ù³½³Ý ѳñó»ñ: ²ÛÝ Ïû·ÝÇ ×³Ý³ã»É ³Ûó»É³Í »ñÏñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ, ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ѳëÏ³Ý³É ï³ñµ»ñ ³½·»ñÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÝ áõ ³ÕµÛáõñÝ»ñÁ, ÇÙ³ë- ï³íáñ»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýù` Ëáõë³÷»É ÃÛáõñÁÙµéÝáõÙÝ»ñÇó: Ðî¸ 802.0:379.85¥07¤ ¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É + 75.81ó7 ISBN 978-5 -8084 -1474 -7 © ºäÐ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, 2011 é © лÕ.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook Executive Summary Edition 1, 2021 Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook | Edition 1, 2021
    Tourism and hotel market outlook Executive summary Edition 1, 2021 Tourism and hotel market outlook | Edition 1, 2021 About the tourism and hotel market outlook The Deloitte Access Economics Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook provides insights into the issues facing the Australian tourism and hotel sectors, including in-depth analysis of recent trends and their underlying drivers across the domestic and international tourism markets. Against the backdrop of Deloitte Access Economics’ While our forecasts are based on a forecasting latest economic forecasts, projections are provided methodology and a hotel market model developed for domestic and international tourism over the next over 15 years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we three years. Building on projected travel demand have overlayed bespoke behavioural and operational and an assessment of the hotel pipeline in Australia, adjustments such as short and long term sentiment detailed three-year forecasts are provided for indicators, and quarantine requirement implications occupancy, room rates and RevPAR for 11 of the on demand for hotel nights. Tourism and Hotel country’s major hotel markets (including Market Outlook is designed for a general audience. all capital cities). Please contact us to discuss how this capability can be tailored to a bespoke market or market segment. The 2021 edition of the Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook has introduced an interactive dashboard for each of the hotel market forecasts. We look forward to client feedback to refine in future editions. 2 Tourism and hotel market outlook | Edition 1, 2021 Forward Australia has endured Australia enters 2021 in a much-envied The recovery of the sector will also be unprecedented hardships position, with low manageable virus cases, affected by capacity challenges, including and a stronger than expected economic aviation capacity, tourism business viability over the summer of 2019-20 rebound which looks to continue.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 Impacts and Recovery Strategies: the Case of the Hospitality Industry in Spain
    sustainability Article COVID-19 Impacts and Recovery Strategies: The Case of the Hospitality Industry in Spain José Miguel Rodríguez-Antón * and María del Mar Alonso-Almeida Business Organization Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 13 October 2020; Published: 16 October 2020 Abstract: The health crisis caused by the pandemic COVID-19 has been of such magnitude that the drop-off in economic and tourist activity in most countries is generating an economic crisis with consequences that are still difficult to measure. The present work analyses the origins and evolution of the coronavirus pandemic and reviews the literature related to the impacts and recovery strategies that were implemented in previous crisis situations affecting the hotel industry. In order to focus the study on one country, Spain was selected based on tourism indicators, the importance of tourism for this country and the importance of Spain as a leader in international tourist destinations. The influence of the pandemic on the Spanish tourism sector and, more specifically, on its hospitality industry is explored in depth. In addition, the main initiatives to support the tourism and hospitality sector that have been undertaken at the global, European and national levels are highlighted and, finally, the response and recovery strategies of the five largest Spanish hotel chains to guarantee a COVID-19-free stay in their facilities and to recover the accommodation activity are discussed. Keywords: hotels; COVID-19; economic crisis; pandemics; response strategy; tourism; strategy management; health economics 1. Introduction COVID-19—the acronym for coronavirus disease 2019—is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
    [Show full text]
  • USING Toljrism & TRAVEL AS a C:OMMUNITY ANID RURAL R EVI·R
    MAGR ~~d. GOVS .------.--~.._.........~~~~ MN 2500 CDBU-3822(1989) USING TOlJRISM & TRAVEL AS A c:OMMUNITY ANID RURAL R EVI·rALIZATION ST.RATEGY t t: ' National Extension Workshop May 10-12, 1989 Minneapolis, Minnesota CD-BU-3822 The University of Minnesota Is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, religion, color, sex, national origin, handicap, age, vetran status, or sexual orientation. MINNESOTA EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA USING TOURISM AND TRAVEL ASA COMMUNITY AND RURAL REVITALIZATION STRATEGY Edited and Printed by John Sem Tourism Center Minnesota Extension Service University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 612-624-4947 August, 1989 Proceedings of the National Extension Workshop The Registry Hotel Minneapolis, Minnesota May 10- 12, 1989 Acknowledgments The editors would like to thank the following organizations and individuals for their financial assistance and support in sponsoring and planning the national tourism and travel workshop. The editors would also like to thank the many authors whose contribution made this publication possible. Sponsored and Financially Supported by: The Tourism Center, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota Extension Service, USDA, Washington D. C. The North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa The Farm Foundation, Washington, D. C. United States Tourism and Travel Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Planning Committee: John Sem, Chair, Tourism Center, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota Patrick Boyle, Advisor, Cooperative Extension Service, Wisconsin Don Nelson, Extension Service- U.S.D.A., Washington, D. C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resilience and Transformation of Community-Based Tourism in Brunei Darussalam
    sustainability Article Coping with COVID-19: The Resilience and Transformation of Community-Based Tourism in Brunei Darussalam Najib Noorashid 1 and Wei Lee Chin 2,* 1 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; [email protected] 2 Geography, Environment and Development Programme, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic heavily impacted the travel and tourism industry, economies, livelihoods, public services, and opportunities globally. This is also observed in the small country of Brunei. As one of the few countries that have successfully mitigated COVID-19 transmissions, Brunei is slowly rebuilding its tourism industry through its community-based tourism (CBT). Fol- lowing Sharma et al.’s resilience-based framework for reviving the tourism industry post-COVID-19 established in 2021, this study incorporates responses from semi-structured interviews with 16 local CBT owners on the challenges, the management, and the CBT initiatives during the height of the pandemic until today. These initiatives include diversifying more tour packages and utilising local resources and products. Despite the lockdown imposed by the government, which suspended businesses and restricted all travelling, local CBT operations flourished, generated more income for the owners, and created job opportunities for the community. Such efforts have caused the public to appreciate local cultures, the environment, and ultimately increase CBT experiences in the country. Citation: Noorashid, N.; Chin, W.L. Coping with COVID-19: The While shedding light on Brunei’s unique management of its tourism industry during the pandemic, Resilience and Transformation of this paper also demonstrates theoretical and conceptual contributions to the recent literature of Community-Based Tourism in Brunei resilient and transformational tourism and provide suggestions on how to manage CBT operations Darussalam.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Front Office Operation in a Hostel in Finland
    IMPROVING FRONT OFFICE OPERATION IN A HOSTEL IN FINLAND Case: Hostel X LAB UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES LTD Bachelor of Business Administration Degree Programme in International Business Spring 2020 Chau Tran Abstract Author(s) Type of publication Published Tran, Chau Bachelor’s thesis Spring 2020 Number of pages 32 pages Title of publication Title Improving Front Office Operation in a hostel in Finland. Case: Hostel X Name of Degree Bachelor of Business Administration Abstract The tourism sector holds a significant role in the economy of Finland. Travel and tourism sector contributed approximately 9% of total GDP in Finland. To adapt to the tourism boom in recent years, more hotels established as well as new forms of lodging such as Airbnb and Couchsurfing. Regardless of the size, an accommoda- tion property should constantly enhance its service quality so that it can survive in a competitive market. The main aim of this research is to answer the question, how to improve the front office operation in a hostel. This will be a reference material for future hospitality managers who want to build their own business in a small property like a hostel. The primary data collection methods of the thesis collected through observation when the author doing his internship at the hostel X. These are combined with the interviews with the manager and the staff. The secondary sources of data were books, journals, and the internet. Based on the findings, the author suggests a development plan to improve the op- eration of the front office department in the case company. These include changes in the shift time frame, the audit time, using luggage tag and camera surveillance, as well as supervision and training of the staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotourism Production Process: Best Practices for Developing Ecotourism in the Pacific Northwest
    Ecotourism Production Process: Best Practices for Developing Ecotourism in the Pacific Northwest Michael Anthony Montanari A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Marine Affairs University of Washington 2013 Committee: Marc L. Miller Dorothy Paun Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Marine and Environmental Affairs ©Copyright 2013 Michael Anthony Montanari University of Washington Abstract Ecotourism Production Process: Best Practices for Developing Ecotourism in the Pacific Northwest Michael Anthony Montanari Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Marc L. Miller School of Marine and Environmental Affairs The field of marine and environmental affairs is multi-disciplinary connecting the complexities of science, law, and policy and incorporating the framework of Human Dimensions of Global Change in the Marine (and Terrestrial) Environment. Ecotourism focuses on sustainability and is causally affected by the driving forces in global change. The tourism industry is increasingly recognized as an enormously potent force for sustainable development and positive change in the environment. Today, people travel more than ever. In recent years, elements of the travel market have begun to insist that their travel not jeopardize the quality of the natural environment and their travel not jeopardize the quality of life for the visited communities. Ecotourism is examined in connection with the sociological model of tourism that includes brokers, locals, and tourists and this model is expanded to include nature and technologies. Ecotourism definitions incorporate principles of sustainable tourism and the triple bottom line is the metric for measuring ecotourism success. Ecotourism is an experience and an industry jointly produced by Broker-Local-Tourist dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery-Based Ecotourism in Developing Countries Can Enhance the Social-Ecological Resilience of Coastal Fishers—A Case Study of Bangladesh
    water Article Fishery-Based Ecotourism in Developing Countries Can Enhance the Social-Ecological Resilience of Coastal Fishers—A Case Study of Bangladesh Mohammad Muslem Uddin 1,*, Petra Schneider 2 , Md. Rashedul Islam Asif 3 , Mohammad Saifur Rahman 3, Arifuzzaman 3 and Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder 4,* 1 Department of Oceanography, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh 2 Department for Water, Environment, Civil Engineering and Safety, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Breitscheidstraße 2, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; [email protected] 3 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; [email protected] (M.R.I.A.); [email protected] (M.S.R.); [email protected] (A.) 4 Fisheries and Environmental Management Group, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.U.); mohammad.mozumder@helsinki.fi (M.M.H.M.); Tel.: +880-358400491395 (M.M.U.) Abstract: The importance of recreational fishing, in many coastal areas and less developed nations, is increasing rapidly. Connecting fisheries to tourism can create innovative tourism products and provide new income sources. The present study is the first to explore the concept of coastal fishery- based ecotourism (FbE) to enhance the social–ecological resilience of coastal fishing communities Citation: Uddin, M.M.; Schneider, P.; in a specific tourist spot in Bangladesh. A combination of primary (quantitative and qualitative) Asif, M.R.I.; Rahman, M.S.; and secondary (literature databases) data sources were used in this study. It applied a social– Arifuzzaman; Mozumder, M.M.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Coping with Success / Managing Overcrowding In
    COPING WITH SUCCESS MANAGING OVERCROWDING IN TOURISM DESTINATIONS December 2017 Copyright © McKinsey & Company and World Travel & Tourism Council Cover image: © petekarici/Getty Images 2 COPING WITH SUCCESS MANAGING OVERCROWDING IN TOURISM DESTINATIONS FOREWORD The Travel & Tourism (T&T) sector is a cornerstone of our global economy—and thanks to a growing middle class, improved digital and physical connectivity, and generations of people with an insatiable appetite to explore the world, it is expanding rapidly. Of course, this growth is accompanied by challenges, many of which can be summed up with the term “overcrowding.” Overcrowding is by no means new—but it seems to be coming to a head in popular destinations across the globe. As we set out to study overcrowding in tourism destinations, we had no illusions about the challenges we faced, including the following: Overcrowding is a complex issue. The problems associated with overcrowding can vary, from alienated local residents to overloaded infrastructure. The issues can affect both established and emerging destinations of all kinds. Countries, regions, cities, and individual sites, such as parks, beaches, and museums, may all be affected. The challenge is sometimes one of time, driven by high levels of seasonality or day visitors. Some destinations struggle to absorb crowds of domestic visitors, others face an influx of international visitors, and still others experience both. In short, the symptoms of overcrowding vary from place to place. Diverse interests are involved. Stakeholders include governments, comprised of elected officials and national, regional, and local agencies; tourism management and promotion agencies; commercial organizations, ranging from multinational corporations to locally owned small businesses; those employed in the sector; local residents; nonprofit and social sector organizations; and, finally, tourists themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Community-Based Ecotourism in Hong Kong
    E3S Web of Conferences 251, 03042 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103042 TEES 2021 The Myth of Balance: Exploring Community-based Ecotourism in Hong Kong Dantong Zhang 1 1 Department of Humanities and Creative Writing, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077 Hong Kong, China Abstract. This paper examines the community-based ecotourism on Yim Tin Tsai which is a representative example of Hong Kong’s responsible management. The island presents a local community of the explored saltpan and natural resources. The research draws upon criticism of ecotourism in Yim Tin Tsai as a way of understanding the importance of balancing nature with the economic interests. As adopting a qualitative research method for the case study, the experience and thoughts reflected by the local resident of will be also analyzed. diversity of natural, social, cultural and economic 1 Introduction development, (5) promote the sustainable local resource use and enjoyment of the citizens. Yim Tin Tsai is an island with saltpans and different plants, The community-based project may encompass various located in Sai Kung (Hong Kong SAR). The island has forms of community participation (Tosum, 1999). Despite existed for more than 300 years, it was originally of fact that some people think there are barriers in using established by a Hakka family which is Chan clan, and the the approach to do research project, it is still considered to production of salt was the major economic activity in the be one of the good ways to achieve sustainable tourism old days. After the island became deserted because of the development.
    [Show full text]