DOCSLIB.ORG

WILDLIFE TOURISM Impacts, Management and Planning

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WILDLIFE TOURISM Impacts, Management and Planning WILDLIFE TOURISM impacts, management and planning Edited by Karen Higginbottom Wildlife Tourism Impacts, Management and Planning Edited by Karen Higginbottom Wildlife Tourism Impacts, Management and Planning Edited by Karen Higginbottom This book is published at http://SustainableTourism.Publisher-Site.com a series imprint of the UniversityPress.com First published in Australia in 2004 by Common Ground Publishing Pty Ltd PO Box 463 Altona Vic 3018 ABN 66 074 822 629 in association with Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism http://www.crctourism.com.au Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2004. All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Wildlife tourism : impacts, management and planning. Bibliography. ISBN 1 86335 545 6. (print) ISBN 1 86335 548 0. (PDF) 1. Ecotourism — Economic aspects. 2. Wildlife-related recreation. 3. Wildlife management. 4. Wildlife conservation. I. Higginbottom, Karen, 1961– . II. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. 333.95416 Cover designed by Katherine Czerwinski. Typeset in Australia by Common Ground Publishing. Printed in Australia by dbooks on 80gsm Offset. Cover photography by Peter Valentine, Michelle Whitmore, and He Minre Staff Changqing Nature Reserve, China. FOREWORD Tourism is widely considered to be the world’s largest business enterprise, involving tens of millions of employees and hundreds of millions of customers. Recent estimates suggest that as many as 700 million international trips are taken each year, and domestic tourism may well be an order of magnitude larger than that. Quite simply, people really do like to travel. And while many travel to visit offspring, grandparents, in-laws, or friends, many others travel to visit exotic places where wildlife can stimulate them with new experiences, impressions, and emotions. Wildlife tourism is a specialised, yet supremely important, aspect of the tourism phenomenon. When thinking about why people like to see wildlife, it is perhaps helpful to take an historical perspective. After all, only one or two generations ago most of our parents and grandparents saw many wild animals virtually every day, and even more domesticated ones. Just 100 years ago, our planet had only about a quarter as many people as it has today, and large cities were few and far between. Wildlife was ubiquitous in the countryside, with flocks of birds so dense they darkened the sky, teeming herds of antelope migrating across the savannas, and schools of fish so thick that in some places the sea seemed solid with life. Today, the vision of bountiful nature is seen mostly on television, and electronics has become the standard medium for many people to ‘experience’ the world’s wildlife resources. This exposes people to images of the world’s biodiversity in ways that were impossible a generation ago, though at some cost of authenticity. In former times, people often were intimately familiar with their local species of wildlife, and aware only dimly (if at all) of the strange beasts that occupied other parts of the world. Today, people may seldom see a wild animal other than commensal species like pigeons and sparrows, yet may be intimately familiar with the lifestyles of koalas, great white sharks, tigers, giant pandas, flamingos, giant otters, migrating caribou, and on and on. Though essentially out of touch with nature in any physical sense, people may be more connected mentally than ever before to at least some aspects of wildlife. Tourism to places where animals live and can be seen behaving as they always have may offer an important opportunity for bringing virtual reality closer to the reality as our ancestors experienced it. Once a person has seen a species in the wild, watching more detailed representations on the television or at the cinema, even in cartoon form, takes on quite a different meaning. The challenges of wildlife tourism are even more important because half of the world’s population now lives in cities, and their relationship with the wild remains distant, even almost mythical. But wildlife tourism provides urban people a chance to get back in touch with their own wild nature, feeling an atavistic thrill when a cheetah streaks across the Serengeti Plain in hot pursuit of a fleeing wildebeest, or scuba diving among a school of barracuda in the coral reefs off the coast of Sulawesi, or casting for trout in a free-flowing mountain stream in the Rockies, or watching flocks of colourful parrots taking wing above the Amazon rainforest. While most urban dwellers may not be very interested in returning to a life without the modern conveniences of refrigeration, electricity, and virtually unlimited amounts of information, many of them are voting with their time and money for at least a temporary return to nature, and visiting the world’s last remaining wild areas to enjoy wildlife tourism. It is no coincidence that, as the world’s population has doubled over the past 40 years or so, the area of wildlife habitat given legal protection has almost tripled, and now amounts to nearly 12% of the land surface of our planet. Many, even most, of these protected areas are designed especially for appealing to tourists, both domestic and foreign. Indeed, a convincing argument can be made that wildlife tourism has been an essential stimulus for encouraging governments to take the measures necessary for conserving the world’s biodiversity. What is more, wildlife tourism is providing some significant economic opportunities for landowners who would like to retain wild animals on their land. Private nature reserves are providing useful complements to government-protected areas in many parts of the world. In many other cases, establishing protected areas for wildlife tourism is bringing fundamental changes to the surrounding lands, increasing the proportion of employment in the service and retail sectors while significantly reducing the exploitation of natural resources for consumptive uses. Such economic changes do not always come about entirely smoothly, but it has been clearly demonstrated in many parts of the world that recreation-related employment can be more than five times greater than employment in resource exploitation in the same territory, and gross economic benefits are often more than ten times greater. All of this has been a rather long-winded way of emphasising how important is the topic of wildlife tourism, both as a phenomenon in its own right, and as a means of demonstrating to governments that we the people want our wildlife heritage to continue to prosper. We value gorillas, pandas, rhinos and elephants both for their own right to exist and so that we, too, may some day hope to have the unforgettable experience of being charged by a bull elephant, or walking quietly among a group of resting gorillas, or bringing down a ring-necked pheasant flushed by a spaniel at point. This book provides an invaluable primary reference for anyone with a serious interest in wildlife tourism – whether from a conservation or tourism perspective. Bringing together research from a wide range of disciplines, it provides the first detailed compilation and synthesis of wildlife tourism issues. Building on the concept of Triple Bottom Line sustainability, it helps us to understand how we might better use this emerging industry to nourish a continuing intimate relationship between people and the rest of nature, even as some of us isolate ourselves in concrete jungles during the times we are not being wildlife tourists. Jeffrey A. McNeely, Chief Scientist IUCN-The World Conservation Union Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland Switzerland Contents Foreword iii Boxes, Figures and Tables ix List of Contributors xiv PART 1 The Wildlife Tourism Industry Chapter 1 Wildlife Tourism: An Introduction 1 Karen Higginbottom What is wildlife tourism? 2 Classification of wildlife tourism 3 A framework for planning and managing wildlife tourism 5 Why is wildlife tourism important? 7 About this book 10 References 11 Chapter 2 Wildlife Watching 15 Peter Valentine and Alastair Birtles Introduction 15 Description and classification of wildlife watching 15 Importance of Wildlife Watching 17 Where is the wildlife? 19 What makes a great wildlife-watching tourism destination? 21 The top global birding prospects 21 Birdwatching choices – some additional social and demographic dimensions 24 The very best prospects for mammals 26 An expansion to other wildlife: from birding to butterfly watching 27 Sustainability Issues - Lessons from marine wildlife watching 28 The whale watching industry 28 Issues for environmental sustainability of wildlife-watching tourism 30 Prospects for the future of wildlife-watching tourism 31 The way forward 32 References 33 Chapter 3 Zoo Tourism 35 Andrew Tribe Introduction 35 The zoo industry 38 The market 41 The zoo in the community 43 Acknowledgements 53 References 53 Chapter 4 Hunting and Fishing Tourism 57 Johannes Bauer and Alexander Herr Introduction 57 Classification of consumptive wildlife tourism 60 Understanding recreational hunters’ and fishers’ motivations & perspectives 61 Economics and markets 62 Impacts of hunting and fishing on wildlife and habitats 66 Hunting impacts 67 Management of hunting and fishing tourism 68 Some key issues 71 The way forward 74 References 75 Part 2
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Developing Nature-Based Tourism in Africa's State Protected Areas
    BUILDING A WILDLIFE ECONOMY Working Paper 1: Developing Nature-Based Tourism in Africa’s State Protected Areas BUILDING A WILDLIFE ECONOMY 1 THIS DOCUMENT This working paper is the first in a series produced by UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Space for Giants and the United Nations Environment The United Nations Environment Programme (UN Programme (UN Environment) entitled ‘Building a Environment) is the leading global environmental wildlife economy’. The series has been commissioned authority that sets the global environmental agenda, to inform a framework for the African Union and its promotes the coherent implementation of the member nations for the optimum use of wildlife to environmental dimension of sustainable development diversify and expand their economies, strengthen the within the United Nations system, and serves as an livelihoods of their citizens, and achieve ecological authoritative advocate for the global environment. resilience in the face of pressing modern social and Our mission is to provide leadership and encourage environmental challenges. Conservation Capital were the partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, lead technical authors of this Working Paper. informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. ABOUT US FUNDING & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Working Paper was funded by UN Environment and SPACE FOR GIANTS Space for Giants. The authors are Conservation Capital Space for Giants is an international conservation charity (lead technical author) and Space for Giants.. The authors that protects Africa’s elephants and their habitats while would like to acknowledge and thank the following for demonstrating the ecological and economic value their technical guidance and input: James Vause, Nina both can bring.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Ecotourism in the Village of Khiriwong And
    1 SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN THE VILLAGE OF KHIRIWONG AND THE KHAO LUANG NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND by Kitsada Tungchawal A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in Hospitality and Tourism Approved: 6 Semester Credits Leland L. Nicholls, Ph.D. Thesis Advisor Thesis Committee Members: Bob Davies, Ed.S. Kenneth Parejko, Ph.D. The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout January, 2001 2 The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Tungchawal Kitsada (Writer) (Last Name) (First) Sustainable Ecotourism in the Village of Khiriwong and the Khao Luang National Park, Thailand (Title) Hospitality and Tourism Leland L. Nicholls, Ph.D. January, 2001 216 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual (Name of Style Manual Used in this study) Sustainable ecotourism is often considered to be effective for supporting the local communities’ economy and promoting the conservation of protected areas in developing countries. By establishing economic benefits for impoverished villagers or their communities, sustainable ecotourism is utilized to encourage local guardianship of natural resources. To assess sustainable ecotourism’s impact on the revenue of local residents in the Village of Khiriwong and the Khao Luang National Park, and its effects on the environmental preservation of the Khao Luang National Park in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, the researcher randomly conducted surveys of the visitors’ attitudes about rewarding experiences during their village and park visits. Biologists and Ecologists were interviewed about sustainable ecotourism’s role in supporting environmental preservation in the village and national park.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecotourism Outlook 2019 Prepared for the 2019 Outlook Marketing Forum
    Ecotourism Outlook 2019 Prepared for the 2019 Outlook Marketing Forum Prepared by: Qwynne Lackey, Leah Joyner & Dr. Kelly Bricker, Professor University of Utah Ecotourism and Green Economy What is Ecotourism? Ecotourism is a subsector of the sustainable tourism industry that emphasizes social, environmental, and economic sustainability. When implemented properly, ecotourism exemplifies the benefits of responsible tourism development and management. TIES announced that it had updated its definition of ecotourism in 2015. This revised definition is more inclusive, highlights interpretation as a pillar of ecotourism, and is less ambiguous than the version adopted 25 years prior. In 2018, no new alterations were made to this highly cited definition which describes ecotourism as: “Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people and involves interpretation and education.”1 This definition clearly outlines the key components of ecotourism: conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. Ecotourism represents a set of principles that have been successfully implemented in various communities and supported by extensive industry practice and academic research. Twenty-eight years since TIES was started, it is important to re-visit three principles found in TIES literature – that ecotourism: • is NON-CONSUMPTIVE / NON-EXTRACTIVE • creates an ecological CONSCIENCE • holds ECO-CENTRIC values and ethics in relation to nature TIES considers non-consumptive and non-extractive use of resources for and by tourists and minimized impacts to the environment and people as major characteristics of authentic ecotourism. What are the Principles of Ecotourism? Since 1990, when TIES framework for ecotourism principles was established, we have learned more about the tourism industry through scientific and design-related research and are also better informed about environmental degradation and impacts on local cultures and non-human species.
    [Show full text]
  • AMS112 1978-1979 Lowres Web
    --~--------~--------------------------------------------~~~~----------~-------------- - ~------------------------------ COVER: Paul Webber, technical officer in the Herpetology department searchers for reptiles and amphibians on a field trip for the Colo River Survey. Photo: John Fields!The Australian Museum. REPORT of THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM TRUST for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE , 1979 ST GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NEW SOUTH WALES-1980 D. WE ' G 70708K-1 CONTENTS Page Page Acknowledgements 4 Department of Palaeontology 36 The Australian Museum Trust 5 Department of Terrestrial Invertebrate Ecology 38 Lizard Island Research Station 5 Department of Vertebrate Ecology 38 Research Associates 6 Camden Haven Wildlife Refuge Study 39 Associates 6 Functional Anatomy Unit.. 40 National Photographic Index of Australian Director's Research Laboratory 40 Wildlife . 7 Materials Conservation Section 41 The Australian Museum Society 7 Education Section .. 47 Letter to the Premier 9 Exhibitions Department 52 Library 54 SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS Photographic and Visual Aid Section 54 Department of Anthropology 13 PublicityJ Pu bl ications 55 Department of Arachnology 18 National Photographic Index of Australian Colo River Survey .. 19 Wildlife . 57 Lizard Island Research Station 59 Department of Entomology 20 The Australian Museum Society 61 Department of Herpetology 23 Appendix 1- Staff .. 62 Department of Ichthyology 24 Appendix 2-Donations 65 Department of Malacology 25 Appendix 3-Acknowledgements of Co- Department of Mammalogy 27 operation. 67 Department of Marine
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Poaching of Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
    Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Poaching of Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Parks, Tourism and Ecology) at Lincoln University by Ana Nath Baral Lincoln University 2013 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Parks, Tourism and Ecology) Abstract Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Poaching of Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal by Ana Nath Baral Chitwan National Park (CNP) is one of the most important global destinations to view wildlife, particularly rhinoceros. The total number of wildlife tourists visiting the park has increased from 836 in Fiscal Year (FY) 1974/75 to 172,112 in FY 2011/12. But the rhinoceros, the main attraction for the tourists, is seriously threatened by poaching for its horn (CNP, 2012). Thus, the study of the relationship between wildlife tourism and rhinoceros poaching is essential for the management of tourism and control of the poaching. This research identifies the impacts of tourism on the poaching. It documents the relationships among key indicators of tourism and poaching in CNP. It further interprets the identified relationships through the understandings of local wildlife tourism stakeholders. Finally, it suggests future research and policy, and management recommendations for better management of tourism and control of poaching. Information was collected using both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Data were collected focussing on the indicators of the research hypotheses which link tourism and poaching.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpetological Review
    Herpetological Review Volume 41, Number 2 — June 2010 SSAR Offi cers (2010) HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW President The Quarterly News-Journal of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles BRIAN CROTHER Department of Biological Sciences Editor Southeastern Louisiana University ROBERT W. HANSEN Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA 16333 Deer Path Lane e-mail: [email protected] Clovis, California 93619-9735, USA [email protected] President-elect JOSEPH MENDLELSON, III Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Avenue, SE Associate Editors Atlanta, Georgia 30315, USA e-mail: [email protected] ROBERT E. ESPINOZA KERRY GRIFFIS-KYLE DEANNA H. OLSON California State University, Northridge Texas Tech University USDA Forestry Science Lab Secretary MARION R. PREEST ROBERT N. REED MICHAEL S. GRACE PETER V. LINDEMAN USGS Fort Collins Science Center Florida Institute of Technology Edinboro University Joint Science Department The Claremont Colleges EMILY N. TAYLOR GUNTHER KÖHLER JESSE L. BRUNNER Claremont, California 91711, USA California Polytechnic State University Forschungsinstitut und State University of New York at e-mail: [email protected] Naturmuseum Senckenberg Syracuse MICHAEL F. BENARD Treasurer Case Western Reserve University KIRSTEN E. NICHOLSON Department of Biology, Brooks 217 Section Editors Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA Book Reviews Current Research Current Research e-mail: [email protected] AARON M. BAUER JOSHUA M. HALE BEN LOWE Department of Biology Department of Sciences Department of EEB Publications Secretary Villanova University MuseumVictoria, GPO Box 666 University of Minnesota BRECK BARTHOLOMEW Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA P.O. Box 58517 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Salt Lake City, Utah 84158, USA e-mail: [email protected] Geographic Distribution Geographic Distribution Geographic Distribution Immediate Past President ALAN M.
    [Show full text]
  • Concept and Types of Tourism
    m Tourism: Concept and Types of Tourism m m 1.1 CONCEPT OF TOURISM Tourism is an ever-expanding service industry with vast growth potential and has therefore become one of the crucial concerns of the not only nations but also of the international community as a whole. Infact, it has come up as a decisive link in gearing up the pace of the socio-economic development world over. It is believed that the word tour in the context of tourism became established in the English language by the eighteen century. On the other hand, according to oxford dictionary, the word tourism first came to light in the English in the nineteen century (1811) from a Greek word 'tomus' meaning a round shaped tool.' Tourism as a phenomenon means the movement of people (both within and across the national borders).Tourism means different things to different people because it is an abstraction of a wide range of consumption activities which demand products and services from a wide range of industries in the economy. In 1905, E. Freuler defined tourism in the modem sense of the world "as a phenomena of modem times based on the increased need for recuperation and change of air, the awakened, and cultivated appreciation of scenic beauty, the pleasure in. and the enjoyment of nature and in particularly brought about by the increasing mingling of various nations and classes of human society, as a result of the development of commerce, industry and trade, and the perfection of the means of transport'.^ Professor Huziker and Krapf of the.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Retreat at Taronga Zoo Sydney Overnight Experience with Animal View Single Room
    Wildlife Retreat at Taronga Zoo Sydney Overnight Experience with Animal View Single Room • 2 days • 1. One night accommodation in Animal View Single Room 1. Transport from/to hotels 2. Sanctuary tour 2. Food & beverages not listed as Inclusions 3. Three course dinner at Me-Gal restaurant 3. Souvenirs 4. Morning tour before the Zoo opens 4. Travel Insurance 5. Hot buffet breakfast 5. Any optional extra items (including but not limited to rides / 6. Complimentary access to Taronga Zoo Sydney shows / encounters / experiences / photo packages) that are 7. Complimentary WiFi not included in the standard admission. All optional extra items 8. Complimentary on-site parking are at own expense. How to get there ● By Car Located approximately 22km north of Sydney Airport, takes about 40 minutes; approximately 12km north of Sydney Central, takes about 25 minutes. - [Free] Onsite parking available ● By Public Transport - From Sydney Airport From the Sydney Airport terminal station, catch the train to Circular Quay then hop on the Taronga Zoo ferry. The ferry ride takes 12 minutes. The connecting 238 bus will be waiting to take you up the hill to the Zoo. The Wildlife Retreat entrance is a 100 metre walk downhill from the Taronga Zoo bus stop. - From the City By Ferry: Catch the Taronga Zoo ferry from Circular Quay then hop on the 238 bus up the hill to the Zoo. The Wildlife Retreat entrance is a 100 metre walk downhill from the Taronga Zoo bus stop. By Bus: From Central, Town Hall or Wynyard trains stations in central Sydney, catch the red M30 Metro Bus all the way to Taronga Zoo.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Annual Report 2019-2020
    Leading � rec�very Annual Report 2019–2020 TARONGA ANNUAL REPORT 2019–2020 A SHARED FUTURE � WILDLIFE AND PE�PLE At Taronga we believe that together we can find a better and more sustainable way for wildlife and people to share this planet. Taronga recognises that the planet’s biodiversity and ecosystems are the life support systems for our own species' health and prosperity. At no time in history has this been more evident, with drought, bushfires, climate change, global pandemics, habitat destruction, ocean acidification and many other crises threatening natural systems and our own future. Whilst we cannot tackle these challenges alone, Taronga is acting now and working to save species, sustain robust ecosystems, provide experiences and create learning opportunities so that we act together. We believe that all of us have a responsibility to protect the world’s precious wildlife, not just for us in our lifetimes, but for generations into the future. Our Zoos create experiences that delight and inspire lasting connections between people and wildlife. We aim to create conservation advocates that value wildlife, speak up for nature and take action to help create a future where both people and wildlife thrive. Our conservation breeding programs for threatened and priority wildlife help a myriad of species, with our program for 11 Legacy Species representing an increased commitment to six Australian and five Sumatran species at risk of extinction. The Koala was added as an 11th Legacy Species in 2019, to reflect increasing threats to its survival. In the last 12 months alone, Taronga partnered with 28 organisations working on the front line of conservation across 17 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Carlow College
    - . - · 1 ~. .. { ~l natp C u l,•< J 1 Journal of the Old Carlow Society 1992/1993 lrisleabhar Chumann Seanda Chatharlocha £1 ' ! SERVING THE CHURCH FOR 200 YEARS ! £'~,~~~~::~ai:~:,~ ---~~'-~:~~~ic~~~"'- -· =-~ : -_- _ ~--~~~- _-=:-- ·.. ~. SPONSORS ROYAL HOTEL- 9-13 DUBLIN STREET ~ P,•«•11.il H,,rd ,,,- Qua/in- O'NEILL & CO. ACCOUNTANTS _;, R-.. -~ ~ 'I?!~ I.-: _,;,r.',". ~ h,i14 t. t'r" rhr,•c Con(crcncc Roonts. TRAYNOR HOUSE, COLLEGE STREET, CARLOW U • • i.h,r,;:, F:..n~ r;,,n_,. f)lfmt·r DL1nccs. PT'i,·atc Parties. Phone:0503/41260 F."-.l S,:r.cJ .-\II Da,. Phone 0503/31621. t:D. HAUGHNEY & SON, LTD. Jewellers, ·n~I, Fashion Boutique, Fuel Merchant. Authorised Ergas Stockist ·~ff 62-63 DUBLIN ST., CARLOW POLLERTON ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31367 OF CARLOW Phone:0503/31346 CIGAR DIVAN TULL Y'S TRAVEL AGENCY Newsagent, Confectioner, Tobacconist, etc. TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone:0503/31257 Bring your friends to a musical evening in Carlow's unique GACH RATH AR CARLOVIANA Music Lounge each Saturday and Sunday. Phone: 0503/27159. ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, SMYTHS of NEWTOWN CARLOW SINCE 1815 DEERPARK SERVICE STATION MICHAEL DOYLE Builders Providers, General Hardware Tyre Service and Accessories 'THE SHAMROCK", 71 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31414 Phone:0503/31847 THOMAS F. KEHOE SEVEN OAKS HOTEL Specialist Livestock Auctioneer and Valuer, Far, Sales and Lettings,. Property and Est e Agent. Dinner Dances * Wedding Receptions * Private Parties Agent for the Irish Civil Ser- ce Building Society. Conferences * Luxury Lounge 57 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Telephone 0503/31678, 31963.
    [Show full text]
  • Scuba Diving Tourism with Critically Endangered Grey Nurse Sharks
    Tourism Management 45 (2014) 211e225 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tourism Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Scuba diving tourism with critically endangered grey nurse sharks (Carcharias taurus) off eastern Australia: Tourist demographics, shark behaviour and diver compliance K.R. Smith a,*, C. Scarpaci a,2, M.J. Scarr a,3, N.M. Otway b,1 a School of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia b Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, New South Wales 2315, Australia highlights Key grey nurse shark life-history stages were sampled at four tourism sites. Most tourists were recreational divers with prior grey nurse shark experience. Milling was the most frequent shark swimming behaviour observed. No significant changes to shark behaviour occurred during divereshark interactions. Tourists exhibited 100% compliance with all of the scuba diving guidelines. article info abstract Article history: Guidelines and a national code of conduct were implemented to manage scuba diving tourism with the Received 24 April 2013 critically endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) along the Australian east coast. The de- Accepted 2 May 2014 mographics of diving tourists, swimming behaviour of grey nurse sharks at various life-history stages and Available online 25 May 2014 compliance of divers to the guidelines/code of conduct were simultaneously assessed during divereshark interactions at four sites from March 2011 to February 2012. Milling was the most frequent swimming Keywords: behaviour observed and no significant changes occurred with the number of divers or distance to sharks.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism and Visitation to Protected Areas Amid COVID-19
    Tourism and visitation to protected areas amid COVID-19 Guidance for protected area authorities and managers International Partnerships 1. Purpose of this guidance Tourism is an essential contributor to protected area revenues, COVID-19 background conservation finances, and to local livelihoods.1 As people COVID-19 is an infectious disease created by a newly discovered emerge from the psychological and physical effects of lock- coronavirus, for which no specific vaccines were available until downs,2 market intelligence indicates that they are likely to seek the end of 2020. It is thought that the virus spreads from person out recreation and relaxation in outdoor spaces – particularly to person through respiratory droplets produced when an in their home countries.3 The distribution of COVID-19 vaccines infected person sneezes, coughs or talks – and can be spread and emergence of Travel Passports provide hope that protected by people who are not showing symptoms.4 The current advice area visits and travel will resume. from the World Health Organisation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the best ways to protect against Managers of protected areas that usually have visitors are under infection include: washing hands or using alcohol-based hand pressure to provide facilities safely, but there are challenges to sanitiser frequently; covering your mouth and noses with a mask doing so given rapidly changing conditions and new health and around others; not touching faces; covering coughs and sneezes; safety requirements. The purpose of this document is to provide avoiding close contact; cleaning and disinfecting touched pragmatic guidance to protected area managers and authorities surfaces.5 on operating tourism safely amid the COVID-19 crisis.
    [Show full text]