What We Know About Identity Theft and Fraud Victims Bibliography of Research and Practice Evidence

CENTER for Bibliography VICTIM RESEARCH

IDENTITY THEFT AND FRAUD VICTIMIZATION: What We Know about Identity Theft and Fraud Victims Bibliography of Research and Practice Evidence

August 2019 RESEARCH EVIDENCE ON IDENTITY THEFT AND FRAUD

AARP Foundation. (2003).Off the Hook: Reducing Participation in Beals, M., DeLiema, M., & Deevy, M. (2015). Framework for Telemarketing Fraud. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://assets. a taxonomy of fraud. Financial Fraud Research Center at aarp.org/rgcenter/consume/d17812_fraud.pdf Stanford Center on Longevity and FINRA Investor Education Alseadoon, I.M., Othman, M.F.I., Foo, E., & Chan, T. (2013). Foundation. Retrieved Jun 2019 from http://longevity3. Typology of Phishing Email Victims Based on Their Behavioural stanford.edu/framework-for-a-taxonomy-of-fraud/ Response: Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Benibo, B.R, Chambers, V., & Thorne, B. (2016). Breaking bad Information Systems Annual Meeting. Red Hook, NY: Curran news to victims of identity theft: Lessons from medical Associates Inc. doctors. Journal of Accountancy, 222(2), 30. Anderson, K.B. (2004). Consumer Fraud in the United States: An Berg, S.E. (2006). Recommendations for a Comprehensive Identity FTC Survey. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.ftc.gov/ Theft Victimization Survey Framework and Information sites/default/files/documents/reports/consumer-fraud- Technology Prevention Strategies (Thesis). Retrieved Jun united-states-ftc-survey/040805confraudrpt.pdf 2019 from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/526/ Anderson, K.B. (2006). Who are the victims of identity theft? The Berg, S. (2007). The Impact of Demographic and Incident effect of demographics. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Characteristics on the Reporting Behaviors of Identity Theft 25(2), 160-171. Victims. Paper presented at the Annual American Society of Anderson, K.B. (2007). Consumer Fraud in the United States: The Criminology conference, 1. Atlanta, GA. Second FTC Survey. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www. Berg, S. (2009). Rates and Traits of Identity Theft Victimization of ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/consumer- College Students at a Technology Institute. Paper presented fraud-united-states-second-federal-trade-commission- at the Annual American Society of Criminology conference, survey-staff-report-federal-trade/fraud.pdf Philadelphia, PA. Anderson, K.B. (2013). Consumer Fraud in the United States, Betz, A.E. (2012). The Experiences of Adult/Child Identity Theft 2011: The Third FTC Survey. Retrieved Jun 2019 from Victims (Thesis). Retrieved from MLA International https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ Bibliography Database. (Accession No. 3539341) reports/consumer-fraud-united-states-2011-third-ftc- Burgard, A. & Schlembach, C. (2013). Frames of fraud: A survey/130419fraudsurvey_0.pdf qualitative analysis of the structure and process of Anderson, K.B. (2016). Mass-Market Consumer Fraud: Who Is Most victimization on the Internet. International Journal of Cyber Susceptible to Becoming a Victim? Retrieved Jun 2019 from Criminology, 7(2), 112. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/ Burns, S. & Roberts, L. (2013). Applying the theory of planned mass-market-consumer-fraud-who-most-susceptible- behaviour to predicting online safety behaviour. Crime becoming-victim/working_paper_332.pdf Prevention and Community Safety, 15(1), 48-64. Applied Research and Consulting. (2015). Non-traditional Costs Burton, C. (1998). Consumer Fraud: A 2008 Survey of AARP of Financial Fraud: Report of Survey Findings. Retrieved Jun Colorado Members’ Experiences and Opinions. Washington, 2019 from https://www.saveandinvest.org/sites/default/ DC: AARP Foundation. files/Non-Traditional-Costs-Of-Financial-Fraud-Survey- Findings.pdf Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2009). A Better Deal for Fraud Victims: Research into Victims’ Needs and Experiences. Arachchilage N.A.G., & Love, S. (2014). Security awareness of National Fraud Authority. computer users: A phishing threat avoidance perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 304-312. Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2009). Fraud typologies and the victims of fraud: Literature review. National Fraud Arachchilage N.A.G., Love, S., & Beznosov, K. (2016). Phishing Authority. threat avoidance behaviour: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 185-197. Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2014). Not a victimless crime: The impact of fraud on individual victims and their families. Bandi, S. (2016). An Empirical Assessment of User Online Security Security Journal, 27(1), 36-54. Behavior: Evidence from a University (Thesis). Retrieved from MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. Button, M., McNaughton, N., Carol, K.J., & Owen, R. (2015). 10161071) Online fraud victims in England and Wales: Victims’ views on sentencing and the opportunity for restorative justice. Baum, K. (2007). Identity theft, 2004. FBI Law Enforcement The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 54(2), 193-211. Bulletin, 75(9), 23-23. Button, M., Nicholls, C.M., Kerr, J., & Owen, R. (2014). Online Baum, K. 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 1 Chang, J.S., & Chong, M.D. (2010). Psychological influences in Davila, M., Marquart, J.W., & Mullings, J.L. (2005). Beyond e-mail fraud. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(3), 337-350. mother nature: Contractor fraud in the wake of natural Chen, H., Beaudoin, C.E., & Hong, T. (2017). Securing online disasters. Deviant Behavior, 26(3), 271-293. privacy: An empirical test on Internet scam victimization, Davinson, N., & Sillence, E. (2010). It won’t happen to me: online privacy concerns, and privacy protection behaviors. Promoting secure behaviour among internet users. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 291-302. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1747. Chen, H., Beaudoin, C.E., Hong, T., Khader, M., & Yun, P.S. (2017). Dhabhai, H. (2012). Identity Theft Data Analysis Based on the 2012 Chapter 18: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding National Crime Victimization Survey. internet love scams. Implications for law enforcement. Dinger, E.L., & Sauer, J.H. (2006). Protecting your name: A Computers in Human Behavior, 523-291. survey of Montanans on identity theft. AARP Knowledge Chen, Y., Chen, P.S., Jing-Jang, H., Korba, L., et al. (2005). An Management, AARP Research. Retrieved Jun 2019 from analysis of online gaming crime characteristics. Internet https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2006/ Research, 15(3), 246-261. mt_id.html Cheney, J.S., Hunt, R.M., Mikhed, V., Ritter, D., & Dixon, P. (2017). The geography of medical identity theft. World Vogan, M. (2014). Consumer use of fraud alerts Privacy Forum. Retrieved Jun 2019 from http://www. and credit freezes: An empirical analysis. Federal worldprivacyforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. Retrieved Jun 2019 WPF_Geography_of_Medical_Identity_Theft_fs.pdf from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Dolan, K.M. (2004). Internet auction fraud: The silent victims. download?doi=10.1.1.656.9363&rep=rep1&type=pdf Journal of Economic Crime Management, 2(1), 1-22. Chung, T.R., & Galletta, D. (2013).Nature vs. Nurture: The Genetic Downs, D.M., Ademaj, I., & Schuck, A.M. (2009). Internet Basis of Fraud Victimization.Retrieved Jun 2019 from security: Who is leaving the ‘virtual door’ open and why? https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/8277/files/1799290/ First Monday, 14(1). download? verifier=WeZZJkj5ry0skk4Qb7ZvZ9z9CxyHTv 6lNu6PHDre&wrap=1 Elbogen, E.B., Sullivan, C.P., Wolfe, J., Wagner, H.R., & Beckham, J.C. (2013). Homelessness and money mismanagement in Copes, H., Kerley, K.R., Huff, R., & Kane, J. (2010). Differentiating Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. American Journal of Public identity theft: An exploratory study of victims using a Health, 103(2), S248-S254. national victimization survey. Journal of Criminal Justice, (5), 1045. Fell, B.D. (2006). Identity Theft and Routine Activities: A Test of Victimization Using College Students (Thesis). Retrieved from Copes, H., Kerley, K.R., Mason, K.A., & Van Wyk, J . (2001). MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. Reporting behavior of fraud victims and Black’s theory of 1437344) law: An empirical assessment. Justice Quarterly, 18(2), 343- 363. Fischer, P., Lea, S.E.G., & Evans, K.M. (2013). Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and Cornelius, D.R. (2016). Online Identity Theft Victimization: An lose money? The psychological determinants of scam Assessment of Victims and Non-Victims Level of Cyber Security compliance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(10), Knowledge (Thesis). Retrieved from MLA International 2060-2072. Bibliography Database. (Accession No. 10253894) Flores, W.R., Holm, H., Svensson, G., & Ericsson, G. (2014). Cross, C. (2016). ‘I’m anonymous, I’ma voice at the end of Using phishing experiments and scenario-based surveys the phone’: A Canadian case study into the benefits of to understand security behaviours in practice. Information providing telephone support to fraud victims. Crime Management & Computer Security, 22(4), 393-406. Prevention & Community Safety, 18(3), 228-243. Freshman, A. (2012). Financial disaster as a risk factor for Cross, C., & Richards, K. (2016). The victims’ verdict: posttraumatic stress disorder: Internet survey of trauma in What happens when they try to report online fraud. victims of the Madoff Ponzi scheme. Health & Social Work, The Conversation. Retrieved Jun 2019 from http:// 37(1), 39-48. theconversation.com/the-victims-verdict-what-happens- when-they-try-to-report-online-fraud-64109 Garrett, E.V. (2015).Exploring Internet Users’ Vulnerability to Online Dating Fraud: Analysis of Routine Activities Theory Factors Cross, C., Richards, K., & Smith, R.G. (2016). Improving Responses (Thesis). University of Texas at Dallas. to Online Fraud Victims: An Examination of Reporting and Support. Retrieved Jun 2019 from http://crg.aic.gov.au/ Glassey-Tranguyen, T. (2012). Identity Theft. In W. Miller (ed.) reports/1617/29-1314-FinalReport.pdf The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia. Sage Publications, Inc. Datar, T.D, Cole, K.A., & Rogers, M.K. (2014). Awareness of Scam E-Mails: An Exploratory Research Study. Proceedings of the Glodstein, D., Glodstein, S.L., & Fornaro, J. (2010). Fraud trauma Annual Conference on Digital Forensics, and Security and syndrome: The victims of the Bernard Madoff scandal. Law,11-34. Richmond, VA. Journal of Forensic Studies in Accounting and Business, 6, 1-9.

Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 2 Goel, S., Williams, K., & Dincelli, E. (2017). Got phished? Internet Holtfreter, K., Reisig, M.D., & Pratt, T.C. (2008). Low self‐control, security and human vulnerability. Journal of the Association routine activities, and fraud victimization.Criminology, for Information Systems, 18(1), 22-44. 46(1), 189-220. Goldberg, D. (1978). Manual of the general health questionnaire. Holtfreter, K., Reisig, M. D., Mears, D. P., & Wolfe, S. E. NFER Nelson. (2014). Financial Exploitation of the Elderl IIn A Consumer Golladay, K.A. (2017). Reporting behaviors of identity theft Context. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office victims: An empirical test of Black’s theory of law.Journal of of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Financial Crime, 24(1), 101-117. Holtfreter, K., Reisig, M. D., Pratt, T. C., & Holtfreter, R. E. (2015). Golladay, K.A., & Holtfreter, K. (2017). The consequences of Risky remote purchasing and identity theft victimization identity theft victimization: An examination of emotional among older Internet users. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21(7), and physical health outcomes. Victims & Offenders, 12(5), 681-698. 741-760. Huff, R., & Kane, J. (2010). Differentiating identity theft: An Goodrich, G.L. (2003). Identity Theft Awareness in North Central exploratory study of victims using a national victimization West Virginia (Thesis). Retrieved from MLA International survey. Journal of Criminal Justice, (5), 1045. Bibliography Database. (Accession No. 1415572) Hughes, K. (2004). Final report of cognitive research on the Gosling, S.D., Rentfrow, P.J., & Swann, W.B. (2003). A very brief new identity theft questions for the 2004 National Crime measure of the big five personality domains. Journal of Victimization Survey. Survey Methodology, 2. Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. Hutchings, A., & Hayes, H. (2009). Routine activity theory and Graham, R., & Triplett, R. (2017). Capable guardians in the phishing victimization: Who gets caught in the ‘net’? digital environment: The role of digital literacy in reducing Current Issues in Criminal Justice, (3), 433. phishing victimization.Deviant Behavior, 38(12), 1371- Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC). (2009).Identity Theft: The 1382. Aftermath 2008. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www. Gray, K. (2010). Internet Identity Theft: An Insight into Victimology idtheftcenter.org/images/surveys_studies/Aftermath2008. and Law Enforcement Response (Thesis). Retrieved from pdf MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. Identity Theft Resource Center. (2012).Facebook Social Media 3391484) Survey. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.idtheftcenter. Harrell, E. (2017). Victims of Identity Theft, 2014. Washington, org/images/surveys_studies/FacebookSurveyFinding.pdf DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC). (2017). The Aftermath: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved Jun 2019 from The Non-Economic Impacts of Identity Theft. Retrieved Jun https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/vit14.pdf 2019 from: https://www.idtheftcenter.org/wp-content/ Harrell, E. (2019). Victims of Identity Theft, 2016. Washington, uploads/2018/09/ITRC_Aftermath-2018_Web_FINAL.pdf DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC). (2018a).The Aftermath: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved April 2019 from: The Non-Economic Impacts of Identity Theft. San Diego, CA: https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/vit16.pdf Identity Theft Resource Center. Retrieved from: https:// Harrell, E., & Langton, L. (2013). Victims of identity theft, 2012. www.idtheftcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.bjs.gov/content/ ITRC_Aftermath-2018_Web_FINAL.pdf pub/pdf/vit12.pdf Internet Crime Complaint Center. (2018). 2017 Internet Crime Report. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://pdf.ic3.gov/2017_ Harris, C., & Cares, A. (2010). Perceptions of Campus Safety and Actual Victimizations: Results from UMass Lowell’s Campus IC3Report.pdf Safety Survey. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Jamieson, R., Land, L., Stephens, G., & Winchester, D. (2008). the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, CA. Identity crime: The need for an appropriate government Harrison, B., Svetieva, E., & Vishwanath, A. (2016). Individual strategy. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford processing of phishing emails. Online Information Review, Round Table. 40(2), 265-281. Jansen, J., & Leukfeldt, R. (2016). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 3 Kapardis, M.K., & Papastergiou, K. (2016). Fraud victimization Lastdrager, E., Gallardo, I.C., Hartel, P., & Junger, M. (2017). in Greece: Room for improvement in prevention and How Effective is Anti-Phishing Training for Children? Paper detection. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(2), 481-500. presented at Thirteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Kerley, K.R., & Copes, H. (2002). Personal fraud victims and their Security (SOUPS 2017), Santa Clara, CA. official responses to victimization.Journal of Police and Lea, S.E.G., Fischer, P., & Evans, K.M. (2009). Psychology of Criminal Psychology, 17(1), 19-35. scams: Provoking and committing errors of judgement. Kerstens, J., & Jansen, J. (2016). The victim-perpetrator overlap Psychologist, 22(7), 570-570. in financial cybercrime: Evidence and reflection on the Lehrfeld, M.R. (2014). Phishing E-mails--Six Month Investigation overlap of youth’s on-line victimization and perpetration. into What People Click. Paper presented at the Annual Deviant Behavior, (5), 585. Meeting of the Association Supporting Computer Users in Kim, C. (2015). Credit cards: Weapons for domestic violence. Education (ASCUE), Myrtle Beach, SC. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 22(2), 281-309. Leukfeldt, E.R. (2014). Phishing for suitable targets in the Kirwan, G., Fullwood, C., & Rooney, B. (2017). Risk factors Netherlands: Routine activity theory and phishing for social networking site scam victimization amongst victimization.Cyberpsychology, and Behavior & Social Malaysian students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(8), 551-555. Networking, 2(21). Lewis, L. (2011). How Madoff did it: Victims’ accounts. Society, Kpaduwa, F.I. (2010). Evaluation of Residential Consumers 48(1), 70-76. Knowledge of Wireless Network Security and its Correlation Litan, A. (2004). 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Identity Hong, J., & Nunge, E. (2007). Protecting People theft reports of adolescents. Journal of Financial Crime, from Phishing: The Design and Evaluation of an 23(4), 965-973. Embedded Training Email System. Retrieved Jun Madzima, K., Moyo, M., Dzawo, G., & Mbodila, M. (2015). Mobile 2019 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Security Threats: A Survey of How Mobile Device Users are download?doi=10.1.1.461.1457&rep=rep1&type=pdf Protecting Themselves From New Forms of Cybercrimes. Paper Kyriakakis, A. (2015). The missing victims of health care fraud. presented at the Annual International Conference on Cyber Utah L. Rev., 605. Warfare and Security, 178-188. Kruger National Park, Lacey, D., Zaiss, J., & Barber, K.S. (2016). Understanding victim- South Africa. enabled identity theft. Paper presented at 14th Annual Miers, D. (2014). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 4 Newman, G.R., & McNally, M.M. (2005). Identity Theft Literature Rebovich, D.J. (2015). The new face of identity theft: An analysis Review. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/ of federal case data for the years 2008 through 2013. pdffiles1/nij/grants/210459.pdf Center for Identity Management and Information Protection. O’Neill, B., & Jing, J.X. (2005). Consumer practices to reduce Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.utica.edu/academic/ identity theft risk: An exploratory study.Journal of Family institutes/cimip/New_Face_of_Identity_Theft.pdf and Consumer Sciences, (1), 33. Reisig, K., Reisig, M., Piquero, N.L., Piquero A.R. (2010). Low Osentoski, A. (2016). Examining Identity Theft Victimization self-control and fraud: Offending, victimization, and their Using Routine Activities Theory(Thesis). Retrieved from overlap. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 188-203. MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. Reyns, B.W. (2013). Online routines and identity theft 10107897) victimization: Further expanding routine activity theory Paek, S.Y., & Nalla, M.K. (2015). The relationship between beyond direct-contact offenses. Journal of Research in Crime receiving phishing attempt and identity theft victimization and Delinquency, 50(2), 216-238. in South Korea. International Journal of Law, and Crime and Reyns, B.W. (2015). A routine activity perspective on online Justice, 43(4), 626-642. victimization.Journal of Financial Crime, 22(4), 396-411. Pascual, A. (2014). The Consumer Data Insecurity Report. Javelin Reyns, B.W., & Henson, B. (2016). The thief with a thousand Strategy & Research. faces and the victim with none: Identifying determinants Pascual, A. (2015). 2015 Identity theft: Protecting vulnerable for online identity theft victimization with routine populations. Javelin Strategy & Research. activity theory. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 60(10), 1119-1139. Pascual, A., Marchini, K., & Miller, S. (2017). 2017 Identity Theft: Securing the Connected Life. Javelin Strategy & Research. Reyns, B.W., & Randa, R. (2017). Victim reporting behaviors following identity theft victimization: Results from the Pascual, A., Marchini, K., & Miller, S. (2018). 2018 Identity Fraud: National Crime Victimization Survey.Crime & Delinquency, Fraud Enters a New Era of Complexity. Javelin Strategy & 63(7), 814-838. Research. Riek, M., Bohme, R., Ciere, M., Ganan, C., & Van Eeten, M. (2016). Pereira, S.A. (2014). The Impacts of Identity Theft to its Victims Estimating the costs of consumer-facing cybercrime: and How to Prevent Future Attacks (Thesis). Retrieved from A tailored instrument and representative data for six MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. EU countries. Workshop on the Economics of Information 1564405) Security. Perri, F.S., & Brody, R.G. (2012). The optics of fraud: Affiliations Ross, S., & Smith, R.G. (2011). Risk factors for advance fee fraud that enhance offender credibility. Journal of Financial Crime, victimization.Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice, 19(4), 355-370. (420), 1-6. Piquero, N.L., Cohen, M.A., & Piquero, A.R. (2011). How much Sauer, J.H. (2005). Stealing your good name: A survey of is the public willing to pay to be protected from identity Washington state residents 18+ on identity theft incidence theft? Justice Quarterly, 28(3), 437-459. and prevention.AARP Knowledge Management, AARP Policastro, C., & Payne, B.K. (2015). Can you hear me now? Research. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://assets.aarp.org/ Telemarketing fraud victimization and lifestyles. American rgcenter/post-import/wa_id.pdf Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(3), 620-638. Sauer, J.H. (2006a). Caught in the NET: A Survey of Los Angeles Ponemon Institute. (2013).2013 Survey on Medical Identity Theft. Area Residents 40+ About Online Use And Safety. AARP Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.ponemon.org/local/ Knowledge Management, AARP Research. Retrieved Jun upload/file/2013%20Medical%20Identity%20Theft%20 2019 from https://www.aarp.org/technology/privacy- Report%20FINAL%2011.pdf security/info-2006/ca_cyber_2006.html Pontell, H.N., Brown, G.C., & Tosouni, A. (2008). Stolen Identities: Sauer, J.H. (2006b). Caught in the NET: A Survey of Raleigh-Durham A Victim Survey. In M. McNally & G. Newman (eds.) Area Residents 40+ About Online Use And Safety. AARP Perspectives on Identity Theft, 57-85. Crime Prevention Knowledge Management, AARP Research. Retrieved Jun Studies, (23). 2019 from https://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/consume/ nc_rd_cyber_2006.pdf Pryor, W.J. (2009). When Your Identity Gets Hijacked: The Victim’s Experience of Identity Theft (Thesis). Retrieved from MLA Sauer, J.H. (2006c). Investor Protection: A Survey of AARP Wyoming International Bibliography Database. 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 5 Sauer, J.H., & Pak, K. (2007). Stolen futures: An AARP Sullivan, K.M. (2009). But doctor, I still have both feet! Remedial Washington survey of investors and victims of investment problems faced by victims of medical identity theft. fraud. AARP Knowledge Management, AARP Research. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 35(4), 647-681. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.aarp.org/money/ Synovate. (2003). Federal Trade Commission – Identity Theft scams-fraud/info-2007/wa_fraud_07.html Survey Report. Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.ftc. Schoepfer, A., & Piquero, N.L. (2009). Studying the correlates of gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports/federal-trade- fraud victimization and reporting. Journal of Criminal Justice, commission-identity-theft-program/synovatereport.pdf 37(2), 209-215. Synovate. (2007). Federal Trade Commission – 2006 Identity Theft Schoolcraft, K. (2015). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 7 PRACTICE EVIDENCE ON IDENTITY THEFT AND FRAUD

Allstate Foundation and National Network to End Domestic Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). (2018). Identity Theft. Retrieved Violence (NNEDV). (2016). Module One: Understanding from: BJS 2018. Identity Theft. Retrieved from: https:// Financial Abuse. Retrieved from https://nnedv.org/mdocs- www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=42 posts/module-one-understanding-financial-abuse/ California Department of Justice. (2018).First Aid for Medical Andres, M. N. (2015). Making elder financial exploitation cases Identity Theft: Tips for Consumers. Retrieved from https:// part of a sustainable practice: Tips from the experiences oag.ca.gov/privacy/facts/medical-privacy/med-id-theft of the University of Illinois College of Law’s Elder Financial Campbell, J. (2013). Fraud on The Elderly: A Growing Concern for Justice Clinic. Elder Law Journal, 23, 297. A Growing Population. Washington, DC: US Department Americans for Financial Reform. (2014). Support Operation Choke of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Point and Other Efforts to Fight Payment Fraud; Oppose Investigation Division. Retrieved from https://www. Amendments to Justice Department Appropriations to Curtail justice.gov/iso/opa/ola/witness/05-16-13-fbi-campbell- Payment Fraud Work. Retrieved from http://www.nclc. testimony-re-fraud-on-the-elderly--a-growing-concern- org/images/pdf/banking_and_payment_systems/letter- for-a.201385141.pdf operation-choke-point.pdf Canan, S. & Hume, C. (2016). Older Consumers Targeted by Americans for Financial Reform. (2016). Oppose H.R. 766 Fraudsters Not Once, But Twice!. Consumer Financial (Luetkemeyer) Which Will Restrict Efforts to Protect Protection Bureau. Retrieved from https://www. Consumers and Banks from Fraud, Money-Laundering consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/older-consumers- and Other Illegal Activities. Retrieved from https://www. targeted-by-fraudsters-not-once-but-twice/ consumer-action.org//downloads/coalition/160203_ Clevenger, S. & Langheim-Frooman, K. (2019). Cybervictimization HR766_house_oppose.pdf Experiences of Sexual and Interpersonal Violence Survivors Benner, J., Givens, B., & Mierzwinski, E. (2000). Nowhere to Turn: [Webinar]. Center for Victim Research. Retrieved from Victims Speak Out on Identity Theft, A Survey of Identity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9YFoErhKWo Theft Victims and Recommendations for Reform.California Consumer Federation of America (CFA). (2009).To Catch a Thief: Public Interest Research Group and the Privacy Rights Are Identity Theft Services Worth the Cost?. Retrieved from Clearinghouse. Retrieved from https://www.privacyrights. https://consumerfed.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/3- org/blog/nowhere-turn-victims-speak-out-identity-theft- 1-09-To-Catch-A-Thief_Report.pdf survey-identity-theft-victims-and-recommendations Consumer Federation of America (CFA). (2012). Best Benway, K. (2009). Who’s Calling? Telemarketing Fraud and Practices for Identity Theft Services: How Are Services The Elderly. Federal Trade Commission and the National Measuring Up?. Retrieved from https://consumerfed. Consumer Law Center. Retrieved from https://www.nclc. org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Studies. org/images/pdf/conferences_and_webinars/webinar_ BestPracticesMeasuringUpReport.4.17.12.pdf trainings/presentations/2009/presentation_april29_ kbenway.pdf Consumer Federation of America (CFA). (2015).Best Practices for Identity Theft Services, Version 2.0. Retrieved from https:// Breuer, L. (2011). Disaster Fraud Task Force: Report to The Attorney consumerfed.org/pdfs/CFA-Best-Practices-Id-Theft- General for Fiscal Year 2011. Washington, DC: Department Services.pdf of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/sites/ default/files/criminal-disasters/legacy/2013/04/04/ Consumer Federation of America’s Identity Theft Service Best ReportDFTF2011.pdf Practices Working Group. (2016). My Company’s Had a Data Breach, Now What? 7 Questions to Ask When Considering Breyault, J. (2013). The State of Identity Theft In 2013: A National Identity Theft Services. Retrieved from https://consumerfed. Consumers League White Paper Examining Fifteen Years of org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/9-7-16-7-Questions- Federal Anti-Identity Theft Consumer Protection Policies. to-Ask_Fact-Sheet.pdf National Consumers League. Retrieved from https://www. slideshare.net/nationalconsumersleague/breyault-id- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). (2014). Protecting theftwhitepaper-final-2 Residents from Financial Exploitation: A Manual for Assisted Living and Nursing Facilities. Retrieved from https://files. Bridget S. (2013). Fraud Affects 25 Million People: Recognize consumerfinance.gov/f/201406_cfpb_guide_protecting- Anyone You Know?. Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved residents-from-financial-exploitation.pdf from https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/blog/2013/04/fraud- affects-25-million-people-recognize-anyone-you-know Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2016). Recommendations and Report for Financial Institutions on Preventing and Broder, B. (2003). Prepared Statement of The Federal Trade Responding to Elder Financial Exploitation. Retrieved from Commission on Identity Theft. 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 8 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2017). Help Protect Fair, L. (2011). New Compliance Resource for Health Care Providers Seniors in Your Community: Companion Lesson Plan. Retrieved and Health Plans. Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/files.consumerfinance. from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business- gov/f/documents/cfpb_placemat-companion-lesson-plan. blog/2011/02/new-compliance-resource-health-care- pdf providers-health-plans Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (n.d.).Fake Charity Scam Fair, L. (2015a). Hr Professionals: Deter Tax Id Theft with An Open- Information for Meal Service Providers. Retrieved from Door (But Closed-Drawer) Policy. Federal Trade Commission. https://s3.amazonaws.com/files.consumerfinance.gov/f/ Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/ documents/cfpb_charity-scams-handout.pdf business-blog/2015/01/hr-professionals-deter-tax-id- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and Federal theft-open-door-closed-drawer Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). (2017). Money Smart Fair, L. (2015b). New ID Theft Recovery Plan and A Lend-A-Hand for Older Adults: Resource Guide. Retrieved from https:// Plan for Business. Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/201703_cfpb_ from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business- money-smart-for-older-adults-resource-guide.pdf blog/2015/05/new-id-theft-recovery-plan-lend-hand-plan- Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and Office of business Older Americans. (2016). Report and Recommendations: Fair, L. (2015c). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 9 Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2003c). Report: Federal Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2011e). Scams Against Trade Commission Overview of The Identity Theft Program. Immigrants. Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/ Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/ articles/0141-scams-against-immigrants documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-identity- Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2011f). Stolen Futures: A Forum theft-program/timelinereport.pdf on Child Identity Theft. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/ Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2005). Fraud and ID Complaints news-events/events-calendar/2011/07/stolen-futures- Received by the FTC from Consumers Age 50 and Over. forum-child-identity-theft Retrieved Jun 2019 from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/ Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2012a). Active Duty default/files/documents/reports_annual/fraud-and-id- Alerts. 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The President’s Identity critical-fully-charged-batteries Theft Task Force Combating Identity Theft: A Strategic Plan. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/ Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2012d). Five Ways to Help files/documents/reports/combating-identity-theft- Protect Your Identity. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/ strategic-plan/strategicplan.pdf news-events/audio-video/video/five-ways-help-protect- your-identity Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2008a). Medicare Fraud: Health Information for Older People. Retrieved from https://www. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2012e). Hang Up on Phone consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0318-medicare-fraud Fraud. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/ audio-video/video/hang-phone-fraud Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2008b) Medical ID Theft: Health Information for Older People. Retrieved from https://www. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2012f). How Buying Plans consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0326-medical-id-theft-health- Work. 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 10 Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2013a). FTC Senior Identity Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2015a). Identity Theft. Theft Workshop. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/ Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/ default/files/documents/videos/senior-identity-theft- articles/0005-identity-theft workshop-part-1/130507senioridtheft_sess1.pdf Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2015b). IRS Imposter Scams Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2013b). Guide for Assisting Infographic. Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/ Identity Theft Victims. Retrieved from https://www. articles/0519-irs-imposter-scams-infographic consumer.ftc.gov/articles/pdf-0119-guide-assisting-id- Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2015c). Warning Signs of theft-victims.pdf Identity Theft. Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2013c). Job Scams. 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Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved from National Consumer Law Center. (2010).Home Improvement https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/blog/2017/08/scammers- Scams Alert. Retrieved from https://www.nclc.org/images/ impersonate-national-institutes-health pdf/older_consumers/consumer_concerns/cc_home%20 improvement_scams_alert.pdf National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC). (2014).White Paper: Roundtable on Serving Victims of Elder Financial National Consumer Law Center, Consumer Action, & US Public Exploitation.Retrieved from http://victimsofcrime.org/docs/ Interest Research Group. (2013). Consumers at Risk: Tips default-source/financial-fraud/final-efe-white-paper--- When Experiencing a Data Security Breach. Retrieved with-participant-list.docx?sfvrsn=2 from https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/pr-reports/pr- creditcardbreach2013.pdf National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC). (2015). Financials 101: An Advocate’s Guide to Understanding National Consumers League. (2009). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 15 National Cyber Security Alliance. (2016).Cyber Safe Holiday Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). (2011).Restitution: Special Shopping Resource. Retrieved from https://staysafeonline. Circumstances. Retrieved from https://victimsofcrime. org/resource/cyber-safe-holiday-shopping-resource/ org/library/publications/restitution-and-compensation/ National Cyber Security Alliance. (2017a). Stop. Think. Connect. restitution-toolkit/special-circumstances Retrieved from https://staysafeonline.org/resource/stop- Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). (2018).Financial Crime. think-connect-fact-sheet/ Retrieved from https://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ncvrw2018/info_ National Cyber Security Alliance. (2017b). What to Do If You Are a flyers/fact_sheets/2018NCVRW_FinancialCrime_508_ Victim of Cybercrime. Retrieved from https://staysafeonline. QC.pdf org/resource/what-to-do-if-you-are-a-victim-of- Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 16 Office for Victims of Crime Training and Technical Assistance Platt Majoras, D. (2007).Maintaining Momentum in The Fight Center (OVC TTAC). (n.d.d). FCRA 615(g) (15 U.S.C. § Against Identity Theft. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). 1681m(g)) Requirements on Users of Consumer Reports-- Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/ Debt collector communications concerning identity documents/public_statements/maintaining-momentum- theft. Retrieved from https://www.ovcttac.gov/downloads/ fight-against-identity-theft/071001ncsas.pdf identitytheftnetwork/toolkit/TrainingMaterials/DebtCollec Platt Majoras, D., Swindle, O., Leary, T.B., Jones Harbour, P., torCommunicationsConcerningIDTheft(FCRA615(g)).pdf & Leibowitz, J. (2005). Monitoring Software on Your PC: Office for Victims of Crime Training and Technical Assistance Spyware, Adware, And Other Software. Federal Trade Center (OVC TTAC). (n.d.e). 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 17 Schaffer, P., Velasquez, E., Fiorentino, N., Dwyer, K., Hamilton, Texas Identity Theft Coalition. (2010e).Module 4: Screening A., Barney, K., Brown, D., Laluk, L., & Dwoskin, M. (2016). and Referring Identity Theft Victims to Professional Therapy. Identity Theft and The Holiday Season: Understanding Retrieved from https://www.ovcttac.gov/downloads/ and Managing Risk During a Time of Increased Travel and identitytheftnetwork/toolkit/TrainingMaterials/Module_4_ Spending. Generali Global Assistance and the Identity Theft ReferringToProfessionalTherapy.pdf Resource Center. Retrieved from https://cdn2.hubspot. Texas Identity Theft Coalition. (2010f).Someone Stole My Stuff, net/hubfs/524149/Gated_Content/Identity%20Theft%20 But They Didn’t Steal Me. 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Center for Victim Research: Identity Theft and Fraud Victimization | 18 Tripoli, S. & Renuart, E. (2005). Dreams Foreclosed: The Rampant Webster, S. (2014). When the Fraud Is Stamped: Prevention, Theft of Americans’ Homes Through Equity Stripping Enforcement, And Recovery for Victims of Mail and Lottery Foreclosure “Rescue Scams”. Boston, MA: National Consumer Fraud. The National Center for Victims of Crime. Law Center. Retrieved from https://www.nclc.org/images/ Retrieved from https://victimsofcrime.org/top-links/ pdf/foreclosure_mortgage/scam/report-foreclosure- events/2014/10/22/default-calendar/when-the-fraud- rescue-scams-2005.pdf is-stamped-prevention-enforcement-and-recovery-for- US Department of Housing and Urban Development Center for victims-of-mail-and-lottery-fraud Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (HUD Center Winston, J. (2007). The Prepared Statement of The Federal Trade for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships). (n.d.). Commission Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Toolkit on Foreclosure Prevention & Scam Awareness for Faith- And Homeland Security on Protecting Consumer Privacy Based and Community Organizations. Retrieved from https:// and Combating Identity Theft. Federal Trade Commission. www.hud.gov/sites/documents/TOOLKIT_HYPERLINKS_2. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/ PDF documents/public_statements/prepared-statement- US Department of Justice (DOJ). (2014). Civil Legal Aid 101. federal-trade-commission-protecting-consumer-privacy- Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/atj/civil-legal- and-combating-identity-theft/p065404idtheft.pdf aid-101 Wolf, R. (2010). A Full Response to An Empty House: Public Safety US Department of Justice (DOJ). (2017). Department of Justice vs. Strategies for Addressing Mortgage Fraud and The Foreclosure Jeffery K Skilling.Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/ Crisis. New York, NY: Center for Court Innovation. criminal-vns/case/skillingjk Retrieved from https://www.bja.gov/Publications/CCI_ Foreclosure_Crisis.pdf US Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC). (2013). Affinity Fraud: How to Avoid Investment Scams That Target World Privacy Forum. (2007). Responses to Medical Identity Theft: Groups. Retrieved from https://www.sec.gov/investor/ Eight Best Practices for Helping Victims of Medical Identity pubs/affinity.htm Theft. Retrieved from https://www.worldprivacyforum. org/2007/10/medicalidtheftresponses/ Velasquez, E. & Schifferle, L.W. (2015).Advanced Identity Theft. The National Center for Victims of Crime & The World Privacy Forum. (2012). Medical ID Theft: How to Recover Financial Crime Resource Center. Retrieved from https:// If You’re a Victim and What to Do If You Are Worried victimsofcrime.org/top-links/events/2015/03/26/default- About Becoming a Victim. Retrieved from https://www. calendar/advanced-identity-theft-2015 worldprivacyforum.org/2012/04/faq-victims-of-medical- id-theft/ Vincent Fleming, N. (2013). Money Transfer Scams. Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc. gov/blog/2013/12/money-transfer-scams Visentin, P., Husinger, S., & Medlin, D. (2009). Identity theft recovery: Using equity theory to explore the need for victim advocacy. Issues in Information Systems, Vol (NoX 2), 520-528. Retrieved from http://iacis.org/iis/2009/ P2009_1320.pdf

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