SYLLABUS FOR M.A. PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT SAHITYA (2014 June onwards)

The syllabus of M.A. programme in Sanskrit Sahitya (Course Credit and Semester System) is being restructured in order to satisfy the contemporary requirements on the basis of the recent developments in the academic field. To provide an interdisciplinary nature to the courses, some areas of studies are developed, changed and/or redefined. M.A. programme is consisted of four semesters. Total number of courses is 20. Each course is having 4 credits. Thus the student has to acquire a minimum total of 80 credits for completing the programme. Among the 20 courses of the PG programme, 7 are electives/optionals out of which 5 should be from the parent department(Internal Electives) and the remaining two must be, from any other departments(multidisciplinary electives). There will be five courses in each semester and five hours are distributred for each course. There will be 3 core courses and two elective/optional course in each semester. In the first and fourth semesters, elective/optional courses are to be taken from within the parent department from the internal electives given in the list and in the second and third, it has to be from other departments. Students of other departments can opt the multidisciplinary elective courses offerd by the Department of Sanskrit Sahitya in the second and third semesters and the students may write answers either in Sanskrit, or in English or in Malayalam The Course 20, ie, ProjectCourse No:1 (Dissertation) will be in the form of the presentation of seminar and a project work done by each and every student. For the conduct of this seminar course, the general guidelines prescribed by the University and the specifications laid down by the Department should be followed. The same are attached herewith. Anyhow, a student is free to earn more credits if he/she desires so, by opting any elective/optional course(s) with the permission of HoD from the parent department / any other departments in any of these semesters. The detailed syllabus for each course with name, course code, credits, module / units of study, method of evaluation, pattern of question paper and reference etc. are given in the following pages.

1 SEMESTER – I

COURSE 1 - CORE COURSE – I PSAM – 2001SANSKRIT AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES COURSE 2- ELECTIVE COURSE - I PSAM – 2002 VEDIC WISDOM COURSE 3- CORE COURSE – II PSAM - 2003SANSKRIT POETRY COURSE 4 - CORE COURSE – III PSAM – 2004 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS - I (Dhvanyaloka I & Alankarasarvasva) COURSE 5– ELECTIVE COURSE II PSAM -2045 Manuscript Studies, Academic Writing and Translation

SEMESTER II

COURSE 6- CORE COURSE - IV PSAS -2005 TRADITION OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR COURSE 7 - CORE COURSE---V PSAS -2006 DRAMA AND PROSE ROMANCE COURSE 8- ELECTIVE COURSE –III PSAS- 2007 SANSKRIT SOURCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE 9- CORE COURSE – VI PSAS- 2008 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS – II (Dhvanyaloka II & III) COURSE 10-Elective from other departments .

SEMESTER -III

COURSE11- CORE COURSE –VII PSAM- 2009 INDIAN LOGIC AND HERMENEUTICS COURSE12- ELECTIVE COURSE IV PSAM-2010 INDIAN PHILOSOPHY COURSE13- CORE COURSE –VIII PSAM-2011 SANSKRIT THEATRE AND THEORY OF RASA COURSE 14- CORE COURSE- IX PSAM- 2012 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS- III (Vyaktiviveka-Vimarsa I and Vakrotijivita-Unmesa I) COURSE 15-Elective from other departments

SEMESTER IV

COURSE 16- CORE COURSE X PSAS- 2013 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS- IV (Rasagangadhara-Anana I (up to the end of ‘Rasacarca’). COURSE17 - CORE COURSE XI PSAS-2014 LITERARY THEORIES COURSE 18- CORE COURSE XII PSAS - 2015 CONTEMPORARY CREATIVE SANSKRIT COURSE 19- ELECTIVE COURSE V- Internal Elective COURSE 20- PROJECT COURSE – I PSAS - 2016 DISSERTATION

======Electives

2 SEMESTER – I COURSE ONE - CORE COURSE - I COURSE CODE : PSAM – 2001–SANSKRIT AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES (May be answered either in English or in Sanskrit. In writing Sanskrit, Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Aim and objectives :To provide the students a general understanding of the principles and theories of modern linguistics. To familiarize them with traditional and modern theories of meaning. Course outline – 3 Units. Unit I Basics of linguistics - Classification of phonemes-important phonetic changes-causes of phonetic changes-phonetic laws-compounds-Sanskrit and Prakrt. Unit II Origin and development of modern linguistics-shift to synchronic studies and spoken language-descriptive linguistics-structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure- langue and parole-Noam Chomsky and transformational generative grammar - deep structure and surface structure-sociolinguistics. Unit III Traditional and modern theories of meaning- semantic theories and Dhvani - Indian contribution to language studies-Bhartrhari’s Sphota theory. Navyanyaya- sabdabodha –Mimamsakas’ method of sentence analysis - functions of language – Abhidha, Tatparya, Laksana and Vyanjana. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation : 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination

Hour distribution : Unit I - 2 hours, Unit II - 2 hours, Unit III - 1 hour Reference: 1 An Introduction to Sanskrit Linguistics - Comparative and Historical ,Srimannarayana Murthi. D.K. Publishers, Delhi, 1984. 2. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language , David Crystal, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3. A Course in General Linguistics , Ferdinand de Saussure, (trans.) Warde Baskin, London:1964. 4.Linguistics, David Crystal, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 5.Indian Theories of Meaning , Dr.K.Kunjunni Raja, Adyar Library, Madras: 2000. 6.Introduction to the Study of Language , L.Bloomfield, NewYork:1933. 7.Papers on Linguistics ,Firht.J.R,Oxford Press, London:1957. 8. Syntactic Structures, Noam Chomsky, Mouton, Hague: 1957. 9. The Vakyapadiya of Bhartrhari, K.A. Subramania Sastri, DCPRI: 1965. 10. Aspects of Language , E.J.William,Faber & Faber, London:1953. 11. The Word and the World , Bimal Krishna Matilal, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1982. 12. Sphotavada of Nagesabhatta, (Ed). V. Krishnamacharya, The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Adayar 1977. 13.Sabdarthasiddhantangal Samskritattil, Dr.N.V.P.Unithiri, Kerala BhasaInstitute,Thiruvanathapuram Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One essay out of Two from Unit I 2. One essay out of Two from Units III 3. Two short essays out of Four from Unit II 4. Paragraphs on Four out of Seven from units - I, II &III 5. Short Notes on Six out of Ten from units - I, II &III (Philological notes, Technical terms& Names of persons) 3 COURSE TWO- ELEC|TIVE COURSE - I COURSE CODE : PSAM – 2002 –VEDIC WISDOM (May be answered either in English or in Sanskrit. In writing Sanskrit, Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Aim and objectives :To provide the students a general understanding of the Vedic literature. To familiarize them with various traditional streamsof Indian wisdom in their social and philosophic point of view. Course outline – 4 Units. Unit I General introduction to Vedic literature – the four Vedas - Samhitas – Brahmanas –Aranyakas - Upanisads – Vedangas. Unit II Intensive study of the following Suktas: Kitavasukta from Rgveda . Sivasankalpasukta from Yajurveda, Agnisukta from Samaveda, Bhumi hymn from Atharvaveda Unit III Intensive study of Isavasyopanisad (using Sankara’s Bhasya) Unit IV Selected portions from Nirukta of Yaska Chapter – 1: Four classes of words – noun-verb-preposition and particles – bhavavikaras – Kautsa’s controversy – the importance of etymology (niruktaprayojana) - Niruktis of Nighantu, Acarya, Daksina, Sakha, Addhvaryu, Kulmasa, Naraka, Hrada, Aksi, Karna, Vira, Sisira, Asya, Hasta, Brahman. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : 1 hour each for first three Units and two hours for IV unit. Reference: 1. Rgveda with Bhasya of Sayanacarya, (Ed.) Max Muller. 2. Discovering the Vedas, Frits Staal, Penguin Books, India, 2008. 3. The Vedas (Vedas: A Cultural Study) , C. Kunjan Raja, Andhra University, Waltair, 1957. 4. Dasopanisads, with the com. of Sri. Upanisadbrahmayogin, Part 1 (Isa to Aitareya ), (Ed.) Prof. C. Kunjan Raja, The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Madras, 1984. 5. The Vedic Age, (Gen. Ed.) R. C. Majumdar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, 1996. 6. History of Sanskrit Literature , A.A. Mcdonnel, MLBD, New Delhi. 7. Vedic Reader , A.A. Macdonnel, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 8. Rgveda Brahmanas, A. B. Keith, MLBD Delhi. 9. Manusmrti, textwith the commentary of Kullukabhatta, (Ed). Gopala Sastri Nene, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 10. Vedakiranangal , Prof. Paleli Narayanan Namboothiri & Dr. C.M. Neelakandhan, Vatakke Mathom Brahmasvam, Thrissur,1995. 11. Rgvedam Bhashabhashyam , O.M.C Narayanan Namboothirippad, DC Books, Kottayam. 12. Rgvedapravesika , Vedabandhu, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, 2005. 13. Samkrtasahityacaritram , (Ed.) Dr. K.K. Raja and Dr. M.S. Menon, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, Kerala. 14. The Nighantu and Nirukta, (Ed.) Lakshman Sarup, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1996. 15. Yaska’s Nirukta and the Science of Etymology, B. Bhattacharya, Culcutta, 1958. 16. Nirukta of Yaska Muni with Niruktavivrti of Durgacarya. Exhaustive notes by M.M. Pandit Mukund Jha Bhakshi, Chakhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 1989. 17. Nirukta of Yaska with Durgavivrti, Meherchand Lakshmandass, New Delhi: 1983. 18. Yaskamuniyute Niruktopakramam, Vedabandhu, (Ed.) Prof: S. Guptan Nair, Kerala Bhasha Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 2004.

4 Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One essay out of two from Unit - I 2. Explain fully any four out of eight from Unit - II 3. Explain fully any three out of six from Unit - III 4. Four paragraph questions out of Seven from Unit - IV 5. Short notes/Etymological notes - Six out of Ten from Unit IV ------

COURSE THREE- CORE COURSE – II COURSE CODE - PSAM - 2003:SANSKRIT POETRY (Answers should be in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Basic Texts: 1) Raghuvamsa 2) Naisadhiyacarita 3) Keralodaya Number of credits : Four Aim and objectives :To familiarize the students with the style and peculiarities of Sanskrit Mahakavyas. To understand the nature of classical Sanskrit poetry of different ages. To develop the capability of the student in poetic appreciation. Course outline :4 Units. Unit I Origin and development of Kavya literature in Sanskrit–different forms of poetry – definitionof Mahakavya–the Pancamahakavyas –Mahakavyas based on Ramayana and Mahabharata –Mahakavyas from Kerala. Unit II Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa - Canto XIV(Sitaparityagah - verses 58 to 87) Unit III Naisadhiyacarita of Sriharsa.-Canto I (Nalapratapavarnanam - verses 1 to 25) Unit IV Keralodaya of K.N.Ezhuttachan -Canto1 (Brahmanah Ramam Pratyuktih- verses 27 to 65) All the portions given are for intensive study. Evaluation :Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : UnitsII – 2 hours Unit III – 2 hours Unit IV – I hour Reference: 1. Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa, with com: of Mallinatha, MLBD, New Delhi . 2. Complete Works of Kalidasa , MLBD, New Delhi: 3. Kiratarjuniya of Bharavi, with Ghantapatha Commentary of Mallinatha, Vavilla Ramaswami, Chennai: 1954. 4. Sisupalavadha with the commentary of Mallinatha, Caukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi:1986. 5. Naisadhiyacarita of Sriharsawith Prakasika commentaryof Narayana, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay:1986 6. Saundarananda of Asvagosa, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 7. Keralodaya – An Epic Kavya on Kerala History, Dharmaraj Adat, Publication Division, University of Calicut, 2003. 8.Raghaviya of Ramapanivada, TSS, Thiruvananthapuram. 9.Srikrsnavijaya of Sankarakavi, (ed) KPA Menon, RSK Sansthan New Delhi 10.Kalidasa : New Perspectives, C.S.Radhakrishnan, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, New Delhi:2005. 11. Kalidasa, K. Krishnamoorthy, Sahitya Academi, New Selhi, 1994 12.Essays in Sanskrit Criticism , K.Krishnamoorthy, Karnataka University, Dharwar:1974. 5 13. Keralodaya , Dr. K.N. Ezhuttachan, Cultural Department, Govt of Kerala: 1992. 14. Krstubhagavata of P.C. Devasya, Cultural Department of Kerala. 15. Narayaniya , Guruvayur Devaswom Publication, 1989 16. Samkrtasahityacaritram (Ed) Dr. K.K. Raja & Dr. M.S. Menon, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, Kerala : 1991 17. Kavyamimamsa, Dr. K Sukumarappillai, Kerala Bhasa Institute, Trivandrum.3rd Edn. 1993 18. Keraliyasamskrtasahityacaritra, Vatakkumkur Rajarajavarma,SSUS,Kalady 19 . Keralasahityacaritram, Ullur. S. Parameswara Iyar, Kerala University 20 . Keralasahityacaritram , Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One general essay out of two from Unit – I 2. One essay out of two from Unit – II/III/IV 3. (a) Explain two verses out of four from Unit - II (b) Annotate two out of four from Unit - II 4. (a) Explain two verses out of four from Unit - III (b) Annotate two out of four from Unit - III 5. (a) Explain two verses out of four from Unit - IV (b) Annotate two out of four from Unit – IV

COURSE FOUR - CORE COURSE – III COURSE CODE - PSAM - 2004: SANSKRIT AESTHETICS - I (Answers should be written in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Number of credits :Four Aim and objectives :To impart general awareness regardingthe concepts and theories of Sanskrit poetics –to understand the importance of Dhvani theory and Rasa as the soul of poetry – to make the student competent to interpret the passages of the text in the traditional way – to provide the student an awareness with the aesthetic concept of Alankaras. Course outline : 4 Units. Unit I Survey of Sanskrit poetics –Pre Dhvani period-prominent texts and authors-various schools- Rasa, Alamkara, Guna, Riti, Dhvani, Vakrokti, Aucitya and Anumana. Unit II Dhvanyaloka - Ist Udyota - intensive study. Unit III Alankarasarvasva -from the beginning upto Ullekhalankara – intensive study. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination (Unit - 1 shall be used for assignment and seminar presentations). Hour distribution : Unit - II 3hours Unit - III 2hours Basic Texts: 1) Dhavnyaloka of Anandavardhana 2) Alankarasarvasva of Ruyyaka

Reference: 1. Dhvanyaloka of Sri Anandavardhanacarya with Locana Commentary of Abhinavagupta, Chowkhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi. 2. Dhavnyalokalocana – Kerala Commentaries , (2 Volumes) Ed. C.M. Neelakandhan ,CHS, Hill Palace, Thrippunithura, 2011. 3. Dhvanyaloka with Locana &Balapriya commentaries, Ed. Pattabhirama Sastri. Jayakrishnadas, Haridas Gupta, Chamkhanla Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 4. Dhvani Theory in Sanskrit Poetics, Mukunda Madhava Sarma 5. Dhvanyaloka and Its Critics, K. Krishnamoorthy. 6 6. The Role of Dhvani in Sanskrit Poetics, Sharda Swaroop, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Mumbai, 1998. 7. Alankarasarvasva of Ruyyaka with Vimarsini commentary of Jayaratha, Bharatiya Vidya Prakasan, New Delhi:(Kavyamala:35). 8.History of Sanskrit Poetics, P.V.Kane.MLBD, New Delhi, 1987. 9. History of Sanskrit Poetics, S.K.De, Firma, KLM Pvt Limited, Calcutta:1988. 10.Comparative Aesthetics (Vol-I). K.C.Pandey, MLBD, New Delhi. 11.Indian Kavya Literature , (Vol. 1) A.K.Warder, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 1972. 12. Bharatiyakavyasastram, T.Bhaskaran, Kerala Bhasha Institute, Thiruvananthapuram. 13. Indian Sahityasiddhantam , Prasaktiyum Sadhyatayum ,Ayyappa Panicker, Kerala Bhasa Institute, Trivandrum. 14. Kavyadarsanam, P.C. Vasudevan Elayath, Poorna Publication, Calicut. 15. Paurastyasahityadarsanam , Ed. M.S. Menon, Poorna Publication , Calicut 16. Samkrtasahityavimarsam , N.V.P. Unithiri, Kerala Bhasha Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 1990. 17. Kavyapeethika , Joseph Mundassery, Current Books, Thrissur, 1981. 18. Kavyabhasayile Prasnangal , (Ed.) Desamangalam Ramakrishnan, Kerala Bhasha Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, second edition 1993. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One essay out of two from Dhvanyaloka 2. One essay out of two from Dhvanyaloka 3. Two short essays out of four from Alankarasarvasva 4. (a) Explanation of two Karikas/passages out of four from Dhvanyaloka (b) Explanation of two Sutras/passages out of four from Alankarasarvasva 5. (a) Interpretation oftwo verses out of four from Dhvanyaloka (b) Illustration of two verses out of four from Alankarasarvasva ------COURSE FIVE - Elective Course - II : Internal Elective PSAM 2045 Manuscript Studies, Academic Writing and Translation Medium of Examination may be Sanskrit (in Devanagari script) or English. Number of Credits: Four Aim and Objectives: This course comprises three areas of study which are necessary for a student of Sanskrit literature. As a large amount of manuscripts of Sanskrit works covering a vast area of knowledge are lying in oblivion, the first portion of this course is intented for providing necessary acquaintance to the students about the important basic aspects of Manusriptology. The second part ‘Academic Writing’ aims at developing the skills for the preparation of substantive academic records such as general articles, seminar papers, assignments and monographs. The final area is included to make the students aware about the theoretical as well as practical aspects of translation from Sanskrit to other languages, especially to English.

Outline of the Course: Four Units. Unit I : Writing in ancient India - introduction to ancient scripts – Brahmi, Devanagari, Nandinagari, Grantha, Vatteluttu, Koleluttu, Manuscript materials and writing materials- cause of damages of manuscripts, their collection and preservation- cataloguing and edition of Manuscripts. Unit II : Textual Criticism – introduction – definition – aim and scope – fundamental aspects –process of transcribing, General awareness of the important terms and corresponding concepts used in Manusriptology and their Problems and methods of editing the texts- preparation of text.

7 Unit III : Basic principles of academic writings- Distinction of various forms of academic records- General format of seminar papers and assignments- Methods for material collection and their categorisation- Preparing Abstracts, Introduction, Text and Conclusion- Citation- Method of Referencing- Familiarisation of abbreviations used for referencing. Unit IV : Relevance of translation of Sanskrit works–Socio-cultural implications of translation-Fundamental principles of Translation Studies- Methods of translation- Practical aspects to be taken care of in the translation of Sanskrit works- Practicing translation of passages/verses from Sanskrit to English and vice versa. Evaluation : Internal Evaluation : Two Credits, of which One credit for assignment/seminar presentation/translation of a portion from a text/transcribing of a manuscript (or a portion of manuscript) and One credit for mid-term examination. External Evaluation : Two Credits for end semester examination.

Hour Distribution : Three Hours shall be allocated for Manuscript Studies and One each Hour for ‘Academic Writing’ and ‘Translation’. Books for Reference : 1. Introduction to Manuscriptology , Siva Ganesa Murthy, Sarada Publications, New Delhi, 1996. 2. The origin of Indian Alphabet , R.G. Bhandarkar, Sri Santosh Mookerji Silver Jubilee Vol. III, 1922. 3. An introduction to Indian Textual Criticism and Modern Books Publishing , Mysore 1988. 4. Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism, S.M. Katre, Bombay, 1941. 5. Some New Techniques in Collating Manuscripts and Editing Texts , K.V. Sarma, 1965. 6. Writing Materials in Ancient India , S.R. Sarma, Vivek Publications, Aligarh, 1950 7. Manuscriptology , K. Maheswaran Nair, Thiruvananthapuram. 8. Pathavimarsanam Samskrtattil, N.V.P.Unithiri, 9. Thesis and Assignment Writing , Jonathan Anderson, Berry. H. Durstons and Millicent Poole, Wiley Eastern. 10. Methodology of Indological Research , Srimannarayanamurthi, Bharatiya Vidya Prakasan, Delhi. 11. Elements of Research Methodology in Sanskrit , K.C.Dash, Chowkhamba, Varanasi. 12. Anusandhanasya Pravidhiprakriya, (Ed.) Dr. Nagendra, Rashtriya Sanskrit sansthan, New Delhi, 1985. 13. Academic Writing- A Handbook for International Students , Stephen Baily, Routledge, 2007. 14. MLA Hand Book . 15. Sanskrit Composition , M.R. Kale, MLBD, Delhi. 16. Excercises in Sanskrit Translation , T.K. Ramachandra Iyer. 17. Tarjama- Siddhantavum Prayogavum , (Ed.) Jaya Sukumaran, D.C. Booka, Kottayam. 18. Translation Theories , Routledge, London.

Scheme of Question Paper There will be Five main questions having equal weightage. Two Short Essay out of Three from Unit I. Two Short Essay out of Three from Unit II. Four Short Notes out of Six from Unit I. Four Short Notes out of Six from Unit III. a. One Short essay out of 2 from Unit III. b. Translation of two Passages/Verses from Sanskrit to English/English to Sanskrit.

8 Semester II

COURSE SIX- CORE COURSE – IV PSAS 2005 TRADITION OF SANSKRIT GRAMMAR (Answers should be in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Number of credits: Four Aim and Objectives: To introduce some important concepts in Vyakarana system that is necessary for the study of language. To develop the skills of students to analyze the structure of Sanskrit language. Course outline: 4 Units Unit I An introduction to the system of grammar – historical approach- important texts and basic principles, Sanjas and paribhasasof Sanskrit grammar. Unit II Kārakaprakarana from Siddh āntakaumud ī Unit III Sam āsa from Laghusiddh āntakaumud ī(Avyavibhavaprakarana for intensive study) Unit IV Lakar ārtha, Ātmanepada and Parasmaipada prakaranas from Laghusiddh āntakaumud ī

Evaluation: Internal : 1 credit for V āky ārthavic āra/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination (Unit I is also meant for the preparation of Seminar papers.) Hour distribution: Unit I & IV - 2 hours Unit II & III - 3 hours Reference 1. Vaiy ākaranasiddh āntakaumud ī of Bhattojidiksita with Balamanorama, Volume-I, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 2. Laghusiddh āntakaumud ī of Varadaraja, Gita Press, Gorakhpur, UP 3. The Philosophy of Sanskrit Grammar , Chakravarthi P.C, University of Culcutta, 1930 4. Indian Theories of Meaning , K.Kunjunni Raja, Adyar Library, Madras : 2000 5. Pānini: A Survey of Research , George Cardona, Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi: 1930 6. Aspects of Paninian Semantics ,(Ed.) C.Rajendran, Sahitya Academi: 2002 7. Laghusiddh āntakaumud ī Part 1 & 2(tr), Prof.R. Vasudevan Potti,Ravi Varma Samskrta Granthavali,Trippunithura.1991

Scheme of question paper Five question having equal weightage 1. Explanation of Sutras- four out of seven from Units- II & III. 2. Explanation of Sutras- four out of seven from Unit IV 3. Four Prakriyas from III & IV 4. Short notes five out of eight from Unit I & IV 5. Short answer type questions- nine out of 15 from unit II, III, IV

COURSE SEVEN - CORE COURSE---V PSAM -2006: DRAMA AND PROSE ROMANCE (Answers should be written in Sanskrit using Devanagari script Number of credits : Four Aim and Objectives : To Familiarise the student the dramatic literature in general. To enable the student to understand the thematic designing and techniques of dramatic presentation.To provide the student an overall awareness of the style and peculiarities of Gadyakavyas in Sanskrit. To enable the students to make an in-depth study of the peculiarities of Dandins prose style

.Course outline : 5 Units 9 Unit - I Dramatic literature – a general survey -important authors and works -Bhasa –Kalidasa – Bhavabhooti –Sriharsha –Rajasekhara-Saktibhadra –Sudraka-Visakhadatta- Bhagavadajjukiya- Mattavilasaprahasana –important Ramayana plays- Keralite Sanskrit Dramas. Unit –II Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana ( 1,2,3 acts Intensive Study) Unit - III Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana (4,5,6 acts Intensive study) Unit –IV General Introduction of Prose Literature – Vamana’s division of prose style- Origin and development of prose literature-prose in Yajurveda and Bhramanas- Inscriptions – Katha and Akhyayika divisions- Brhatkatha-Kathasaritsagara-pancatantra –Hitopadesa- Kadambari – and Vasavadatta of Subandhu. Unit-V Dasakumaracarita of Dandin (Purvapithika Intensive study) Hour distribution Units I ,II ,III - 3 hours, Units IV, V - 2 hours

Pattern of Question paper 1. One general essays out of two from Units I &IV. 2. One essay from the Text Venisamhara out of Two from Units II&III. 3. Two short essays out of four from Unit V. 4. Annotation: Three out of five from Unit II. 5. Shortnotes: Four out of six from all Units. Reference 1. Natyamandapam -M.P.Sankunninair, mathrubhumi, Kozhikode. 2. Modern prose 3. Highways and Byways -Dr.N.P.Unni (two volumes) 4. Banabhatta and his style - Nita Sarma 5. Banabhattante Atmakatha . 6. Warder A.K., Indian Kavya Literature 7. Das Gupta, History of Classical Literature in Sanskrit . 8. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , M. Krishnamacharyar, MLBD Delhi, 1989. 9. Indian Kavya Literature , A. K. Warder. 10. A History of Sanskrit Literature ,Arthur. A. Macdonell, MLBD, Delhi: 1993. 11. The Sanskrit Drama in Its Orgin, Development, Theory and Practice , A. Beriedale Keith, Oxford University Press. London, 1970. 12. Ancient Indian Play Production , Tarla Mehta, MLBD Delhi. 13. A Critical Study of Dandin and His Works , Dharmebdra. 14. Subandhu and Dandin , Dr. Maansing 15. Abhijnanasakuntala of Kalidasa, with the commentary of Raghavabhatta, (ed) M.R.Kale, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi: 1994. 16. Malavikagnimitra of Kalidasa (Ed) M.R.Kale, MLBD, New Delhi:L 1985. 17. Vikramorvasiya of Kalidasa, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi. 18. Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana,(Ed) M.R. Kale, MLBD, New Delhi. 19. Mrcchakatika of Sudraka, Ed. S.R Banarjee, Sanskrit Books Depot, Culcutta. 20. Nagananda of Harsa, Kavyamala Series, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay. 21. Perspective in the Vedic and the Classical Sanskrit Heritage , G.V. Davane, D.K. Print World, Delhi 1995. 22. Bana , R. D. Karmarkar, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 1979. 23. Bhavabhuti , V. K. Bhat, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi. 24. Bhavabhuti , U.V. Mirashi, MLBD, Delhi. 25. Bhavabhuti , (Mal. Trans), M.S. Menon, Sahitya Academi. 26 . Uttararamacarita, Bhavabhuti, ed.M.R.Kale , MLBD, New Delhi. 27. Kadambari of Banabhatta, Meherchand Laxman dass NewDelhi 28. Dasakumaracarita, Dandin, Meherchand Laxman dass New Delhi

10 COURSE EIGHT ELECTIVE COURSE -III PSAS 2007 SANSKRIT SOURCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Answers may be written either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used ) Number of credits :FOUR Aim and objectives : Drawing the attention of the learners to the materialistic world view of ancient Indian society providing a general awareness of Technical and Scientific wisdom of ancient India from the Sanskrit sources. To understand the scope and relevance of Ancient Indian traditions in Astronomy, Ayurveda, Vastuvidya, Town planning and Environment science etc. To develop ecological and environmental awareness in the students. Course outline : 6 Units Unit I: Astronomy and Mathematics in India- A comprehencive survey of Ancient Indian tradition in the field – Major texts in Vedic and Classical period – Aryabhatiya, Sulbasutra, Pancasiddhantika etc. – Contribution of Kerala – VatasseriParameswara, SamgamagramaMadhava, Nilakanthasomayaji etc. Unit II: Indian Architecture- Basic texts- Principles of Vastusastra- Vastuvidya, Iconography, Painting and Sculpture. Practical utility of Indian Architecture - Kerala Contribution – Tantrasamuccaya, Manusyalayacandrika etc. Unit III: Ayurveda- Principles in Rgveda and Atharvaveda – Basic Principles of Ayueveda – Texts of Ayurveda- Caraka, Susruta, Vagbhata etc. Theories of Ayurveda –Pancabhuta, Tridosa, - Astavaidyas in Kerala – Kerala Contribution - RaghavanThirumulpad, Kottakkal Tradition etc. Ancient Indian Chemistry Unit IV : Arthasastra of Kautilya – Historic and Scientific perspective- critical assessment of the text. Special areas – Finance, Public Management, Statecrafts, Polity, Economics, Taxation and Leagal aspects. General awareness on Sukraniti, Canakyaniti, Viduraniti etc. Kerala commentaries and Translations on Arthasastra. Unit V : Dharmasastra- Ancient Indian Jurisprudence – Survey of the texts and contents of Dharmasastras and Dharmasutras, Smrtis, Commentaries and Digests. Ancient Indian Jurisprudence – scope and relevance – Modern Indian legal systems and Human Rights – Kerala Contribution – Vyavaharamala, Dattakamimamsa etc. Unit VI: Environmental awareness – A general study of the ecological and environmental references in Vedic and Classical texts – relevance of ecological studies in modern times its references in Kalidasa’s works.

Hour Distribution: Unit I & IV – I Hour, Unit II, III, IV and V – I Hour each Scheme of Question Paper: 1. Essay – one out of two (Unit I & II) 2. Essay – one out of two ( Unit III) 3. Essay – one out of two (Unit IV) 4. Short Essay – two out of four (Unit V&VI) 5. Short notes – six out of ten (Unit I - VI) Reference:

1. Aryabhatiya of Aryabhatacarya, (Ed). K. smbasivasastri, Dept. of Publications, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 1977. 2. Geometry According to Sulbasutra, R. P. Kulkarni, Vaidika Samsodhan Mandala, Poona 3. Astronomy and Mathematics in Kerala, K. Kunjunni Raja, Adyar Library and Research Centre, Madras: 1995 4. Ancient Hindu Geometry , B.B Dutta, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi 5. Mathematics in Ancient & Medieval India, A.K. Bag, Chawkhamba Orientalia, Varanasi. 11 6. Scientific Heritage of India, Mathematics (Ed.) K.G. Paulose, Tripunithura. 7. Vedic Mathematics, J.T. Glover, Motilal Banarasidass Publications, Delhi, 1995. 8. Silparatna of Srikumara, Part 1 (Ed.) T. Ganapatisastri, Part 2 (Ed). K. Sambasivasastri, CBH Publications, Nagarcoil, 2008. 9. Vastu, Astrology and Architecture (Ed.) Gayathri Devi Vasudev, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi:1998. 10. Surgical Instruments of Ancient Hindus , G. Mukhopadhyaya, NBBC, Delhi, 2000. 11. The Kautiliya Arthasastra , (Three parts), R. P. Kangle, MLBD, Delhi 12 . Kautilya’s Arthasastra (3 Vols), T. Ganapati Sastri, Bharatiya Vidya Prakasan, New Delhi 13. Kautilya’s Arthasastra and Social Welfare, (Ed). V.N. Jha, Sahitya Academy, Delhi,1999. 14. The Arthasastra (Ed.) C. Rajendran, Calicut University Sanskrit Series, 2008. 15. Environment and Culture, A Historical Perspective , M. K. Dhavalikar, BORI Poona, 2002. 16 . A Concise History of Science in India , INSA, New Delhi, 1976. 17 . Scientific Heritage of India , Ayurveda (Ed.) K.G. Poulose, Tripunithura. 18. Indian Scientific Traditions , Ed. N. V. P. Unithiri, Publication Division, University of Calicut, 2003 19. Sanskrit in Technological Age (Ed.) P.C. Muraleemadhavan & N.K. Sundareswaran, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, New Delhi: 2006. 20. History of Dharmasastra, P. V. Kane, BORI, Pune. 21. Cultural Heritage of India , Vol. I & III, Bharatheeya Vidya Bhavan, Bomabay. 22. Governance and Human Rights, Bharat Jhughunwala, Kalpa Publications, Delhi: 2002. 23 . Non – Conventional Sources of Energy in the Vedas, Madhukar Ashtikar, Nag Publications, Delhi, 1995. 24 . Kautilyante Arthasastram, (Trans.) K. Vasudevan Mussath, Kerala Sahitya Akademi, Thrissur: 1961. 25 . Sastram Intyayil , 2 Vols, (Malayalam), Kerala State Language Institute, Trivandrum 26 . Citrasutram, K.K.Warrier, D.C Books, Kottayam: 2002. 27. Bharatheeyasastracinta, C. Krishnan Namboothiri, Arshaprakasam, Calicut, 1998. 28. Hindu Art and Architecture - World of Art, Thames and Hudson, Sep. 2000 29. Hindu Temples – An Introduction to its Meaning andForm, George Michell. 30. Juridical Studies in Kalidasa , S P Narang, RSS 31. Society in Ancient India , S C Banerji, DK Print World 2007 32. Wonder That was India , A L Basham, 2004 33. Kingship in the Sukraniti , Vandana Nagar, Parimal Publication, 1992 34. The Dharmasatra –An Introductory Analysis , B K Swain, AkshayPrakasan.1989 35. Some aspects of the Studies of Dharmasastra , S G Moghe, B K Prakasan.2001 36. Socio-Economic Ideas in Ancient Indian Literature , A R Panchamukhi, RSS 37. Vaijnanikasanmukham (Skt), P Ramachandradu, RSS 1996 38 . KautilyaArthasastra – An Appraisal, Pushpendrakumar, Nag Pub, 1989 39. Human Rights and Development , Peter UVin, Kumarian Press 2005 40. Dharmasastra- A Link between tradition and modernity , B K Swain, CSS 2003 41. The Wonder that is Hindu Dharma , R S Gupta, B R Pub 1987 42. Bharatiyavicaradarsanam (Skt), HariharanathaTripathi, Sampurnanada, 1899

COURSE NINE CORE COURSE – VI PSAS 2008 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS – II (Answers should be written in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Number of credits :Four Aim and objectives :Making the knowledge of Dhvani theory by providingthe students a thorough understanding of the divisions of Dhvani. To give them a comprehensive knowledge of the factors that act as the suggesters. To develop the ability to analyse poetry from Dhvani point of view to enable them to correlate these principles with modern literary theories. Course outline : 2 Units . 12

Unit I Dhvany āloka - Udyota II. (Intensive study). Unit II Dhvany āloka - Udyota III.(Intensive study). Core reading: Dhvany āloka of Anandavardhana with Locana Commentary of Abhinavagupta. Evaluation: Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation on application level of Dhvani theory 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination

Hour distribution : 2 Hrs for Unit I, 3 Hrs for Unit II. Reference: 1. Dhavny ālokalocana – Kerala Commentaries , (2 Volumes) Ed. C.M. Neelakandhan , CHS, Hill Palace, Thrippunithura, 2011 . 2. Dhvany āaloka with Locana and Balapriya commentaries, KMS 25, Bombay, 1940. 3. Dhvany āloka and Its Critics , Krishnamoorthy K, Kavyalaya Publishers, Mysore, 1968. 4. Abhinavagupta : A Historical and Philosophical Study , Pandey K.C., Varanasi, 1963. 5. The Aesthetic Experience according to Abhinavagupta , Gnoli, R. Varanasi, 1968. 6. Indian Aesthetics , Pandey K.C., CSS, Varanasi,1950. 7. The Dhvani in Sanskrit Poetics , Renou Louis, Adyar Library Series, Madras. 8. The Theories of Rasa and Dhvani , Sankaran. A, University of Madras. 9. History of Sanskrit Poetics , Kane P.V., Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, 1987. 10. History of Sanskrit Poetics , S.K. De, Firma KLM Pvt Ltd, Culcutta,1976 11. Dhvany āloka of Anandavardhana with Locana of Abhinavagupta (English Trans.) Daniel H.Ingalls Jeffrey Masson and M. V. Patvardhan, Harward University Press, Cambridge, Massachusettes & London: 1990. 12. A Transcultural Approach to Sanskrit Poetics , Dr. C. Rajendran, Calicut: 1994. 13. Abhinavaguptan , (Mal. Trans) C. Rajendran, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi: 2004 .

Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One essay out of two from Unit - I 2. One essay out of two from Unit - II 3. Two short essays out of four from Units –I & II 4. (a) Explanation of two Karikas out of four from Units – I & II (b) Explanation of two verses out of four from Units – I & II 5. Explain four passages out of seven from Units – I & II

COURSE TEN Elective from other departments .

13 SEMESTER -III

COURSE ELEVEN CORE COURSE –VII PSAM 2009 INDIAN LOGIC AND HERMENEUTICS (Answers should be in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Number of Credits: Four. Aim and objectives: To introduce some important concepts in Nyaya and Mimamsa systems which are necessary for the study of Sanskrit language and for literary appreciation.To develop the skills of student to analyse the structure of Sanskrit language. Course outline: 4 Units . Unit I An introduction to the history of Indian Logic - major texts, authors and concepts in Nyāya tradition. Unit II Ny āyasiddh āntamukt āval ī - Śabdakhanda only - Intensive study. Unit III An introduction to the history of Indian Hermenutics - major texts, authors and concepts in Mīmāms ā tradition. Unit IV Mānameyodaya - Pratyaksakhanda only - Intensive study. Evaluation: Internal: I credit for V āky ārthavic āra/ seminar presentation. I credit for mid semester examination. External: 2 credits for end semester examination. Hour distribution: Unit I & II: 3hrs, Unit III & IV : 2hr Reference: 1) Nyayasiddhantamuktavali of Visvanatha Pancanana, Chaukhamba Sanskrit series,Varanasi 2) Manameyodaya of Narayana Bhatta and Narayana Pandita, Adyar Library Madras 20 3) A History of Indian Philosophy ,S N Das Gupta,MLBD,New Delhi.1988. 4)Indian Philosophy , (2 Vols.),S.Radhakrishnan,Oxford University Press, Delhi.1978. 5)An introduction to Indian Philosophy , Satishchandra Chattergee and Dhirendramohan Datta, Rupa & Co.Delhi,2007. 6)Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies , (Ed.) Karl.H.Potter. 7) Contemporary approaches to Indian Philosophy , (Ed.) C.Rajendran,Dept.of Sanskrit, University of Calicut,1999. 8)Indian theories of meaning , Dr.K.Kunjunniraja, Adyar Library, Madras, 2000. 9)A Primer of Indian Logic , KuppusvamySastri, Madrass. 10)A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy ,Chandradhar Sharma,Dept of Philosophy, University of Jabalpur,1986. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. One essay out of two from Unit I & III 2. One essay out of two from Unit II 3. One essay out of two from Unit IV 4. Four short notes out of six from all four units 5. Six notes out of nine from all four units. COURSE TWELVE ELECTIVE COURSE IV PSAM-2010 INDIAN PHILOSOPHY (Answers may be written either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of Credits : Four Aim and objectives : Understanding different approaches in ancient Indian philosophical systems- introducing theories and categories of different doctrines in Indian philosophy-making the students accustomed with the style of logical presentation of sastraic doctrines. Course Outline : Four Units. 14

Unit I Indian Philosophy-Heterodex systems-Carvaka Philosophy –Important Doctrines- Buddhism and its four divisions-main tenets- important principles and doctrines of Jainism. Unit II Samkhya Philosophy- general outline-theory of evolution- Satkaryavada- Yoga Philosophy –Important authors - works and doctrines.Nyaya Philosophy –Important works and doctrines -4 Pramanas-16 Padarthas-Navyanyaya school of thought Vaisesika philosophy-Major works and doctrines-atomic theory- Sapta padarthas – similarities and dissimilarities between Nyaya and Vaisesika systems of philosophy. Units III Purvamimamsa and Vedanta –Later Vedanta Schools-Neo Vedantic approaches - Pratybhinja philosophy. Unit IV Contemporary Indian Philosophy and Kerala Social Reformers : Sree Narayana Guru, Cattambi Svamikal,Bhramananda Sivayogi and Vagbhatananda. Hour distribution: Unit I - I hour, Unit II - 2 hour, Unit III - I hour, Unit IV - I hour

Scheme of Question paper 1. One essay out of two from Unit I 2. One essay out of two from Unit II 3. One essay out of Two from Unit III 4. Two Short essays out of four from Unit IV 5. Shortnotes four out of six from all Units

Reference 1. Indian Thought - K .Damodaran 2.Outlines of Indian Philosophy - Hiriyanna. 3.Essentials of Indian Philosophy –Hiriyanna. 4.Saddarsanasamuccaya - Haribhadrasuri. 5. Sarvadarsanasangraha of Sayanamadhava, (Ed.) V S Abhyankar, BORI, Poona, 1978. 6. Indian philosophy , (2 Vols.), S. Radhakrishnan, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 7. A History of Indian Philosophy, S.N. Dasgupta, MLBD, New Delhi.1988. 8. Lokayata , Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, Peoples House, New Delhi. 9. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy , Satishchandra Chatergee and Dhirendramohan Datta, Rupa & Co. Delhi, 2007. 10. The Hindu Way of Life , S. Radhakrishnan, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 11. East and West : Some Reflections , S. Radhakrishnan. 12. The Principle Upanishads , S. Radhakrishnan, Oxford University Press, Delhi. 13. Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies , (Ed.) Karl. H. Potter. 14. Nyayadarsana of Gautama. 15. Samkhyakarika of Isvarakrsna, Advaita Ashrama, Culcutta. 16. Tarkasamgraha of Annambhatta, Advaita Ashrama, Culcutta. 17. Outlines of Buddhism - A Historical Stretch , Mrs. Rhys Davis. 18. Mimamsaparibhasa of Krsnayajvan, Advaita Ashrama, Culcutta. 19. Vedantaparibhasa of Dharmaraja, Advaita Ashrama, Culcutta. 20. Yogasutras of Patanjali. 21. Indian Philosophy - A Popular Outline , Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya,Peoples Publishing House, New Delhi. 22. Contemporary Approaches to Indian Philosophy , (Ed.) C. Rajendran, Dept. of Sanskrit, University of Calicut, 1999. 23. The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy , Chandradhar Sharma, MLBD, Delhi, 1996. 24. Radhakrishnan-Reader : An Anthology, (Gen.Eds.) K. M. Munshi, R. R. Divakar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1990. 25. Buddhist Literary Heritage in India: Text and Context, (Ed.) Ratnabasu, NMM, Munshiram Manoharlal P:ublishers, 2007. 26. Buddhism and World Culture , (Ed.) Samiran Chandra Chakravarthy, School of Vedic Studies, Ravindra Bharaty University, 1998. 27. Lokayatadarsanam , Dharmaraj Adat, Current Books, Kottayam 15 28. Pracinabharatiyadarsanam , N.V.P. Unithiri, Chintha Publishers, Thiruvananthapuram. 29. Indian Bhautikavadapaitrkam , N. V. P. Unithiri.

COURSE THIRTEEN CORE COURSE –VIII PSAM-2011 SanskritTheatre and Theory of Rasa (Answers should be in Sanskrit Using Devangari script ) Number of credits : Four Aim and objectives :To create a general understanding of Sanskrit Dramaturgy and major dramatic forms in Sanskrit- Inculcating awareness of the techniques in play production in Sanskrit and theatre techniques in Indian Dramatic Tradition. To enable the student to possess a general awareness of modern theatre studies. Course outline : Four Units. Unit I Origin and development of Sanskrit Drama- different Streams-Major texts on Dramaturgy in Sanskrit-Content of Natyasastra –Abhinavabharati and other Commentaries on Natyasastra-Rupakas and Uparupakas-(Sandhis and Sandhyangas)-Kerala Sanskrit Theatre- Kutiyattm and Krisnanattam. Unit II Natyasastra -Chapter -1 (Text 0nly) Unit III Natyasastra VI chapter (Text only) Unit –IV Abhinavabharati of VI chapter. Hour distribution Units I&II - 2 Hour, Units III & IV - 3 hour

Reference: 1. Natyamandapa of M.P.Sankunni Nair 2. Vyangyavyakhya the Asthetics of Dhvani in theatre , Dr. K. G. Paulose 3. Dhvanyaloka Locana, Eng. Tr. By, J, Masson, Ingalls Patwardham. 4. Radhavallabha Tripathi, CNW Book 5. Abhinavagupta, G.T. Despande 6. Aesthetic Experience According To Abhinavagupta, Gnoli 7. Abhinavaguptan , C. Rajendran. 8. Rasabharati , Vedabandhu 9. Natakiyanubavam Enna Rasam , M.P. Sankunni Nair 10. Rasa Kaumudi, Pujappura Krishnan Nair 11. Rasatatvadarsanam , Dr. Gopalapanikkar 12. Bharatanatyadarsanam, Dr. Gopalapanikkar 13. Natyasastra of Bharatamuni, Vol-I, (Ed.) M. Ramakrishna Kavi, Oriental Institute, Baroda 1980. 14. Natyasastra and Indian Dramatic Tradition, (Ed.) Radha Vallabh Thripathi, NMM, Dev Publishers, 2012. 15. The Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta, Gnoli. R, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1968. 16. Aesthetic Rapture, Mason J.L. and Patvardhan, M.V. Decan College, Poona 1970. 17. History of Sanskrit Poetics , P.V. Kane, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 18. The Number of Rasas , V. Raghavan, Adyar Library, Madras, 1955. 19. Rasabharati, Vedabandhu, Sahitya Academi, Thrissur. 20. Samskrtasahityavimarsam , N.V.P.Unithiri, Bhasa Institute, TVM 1990 21. Natyasastra (4 Vols), (Ed & trans.) Dr. N.P. Unni, Nag Publishers, Delhi,1998. 22. Natyasastra (Ed.) Madhusudana Sastri, BHU, Varanasi, 1975. 23. Bhagavadajjuka in Kutiyattam, Dr. K.G. Paulose, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, New Delhi, 2000. 24. Natyasastra and National Unity , Padma Subrahmaniam, RV Sanskrit Granthavali, Govt. Sanskrit College, Thrippunithura, 1997. 25. The Vidusaka, Dr. G.K. Bhat. The New Order Book Company. 26. Drama in Ancient India , S.C. Bhatt, Amrit Book Co., New Delhi. 27. Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya with Avaloka com. of Dhanika, Adyar Libray, Madras, 1969. 28. Abhinetri, Usha Nangyar, Keli Publishers, Navi Mumbai, 2003. 29. Kuttum Kutiyattavum , Ammaman Thampuran, Mathrubhumi, Kozhikode, 1989 30. Kuttambalangalil , Prof. K.P. Narayana Pisaroti, NBS, Kottayam: 1981.

16 31. Bharatiyasahityadarsanam , G. Viswanatha Sharma, Kottayam: 1994. 32. Bharatamuniyute Natyasastram (Malayalam Tras.) by K.P. Narayanapisharodi, Kerala Sahitya Akademy, Thrissur 33. Natyasastram (Mal. Trans.) K.P. Narayanapisaroti, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur,1979 34. Krsnanattam , ACG Raja, Sreevidya Publication, Thrissur, 1988. 35. Krsnanattam, (Krsnagiti), (com) Prof. P.C. Vasudevan Elayath, Guruvayoor Devaswom, Guruvayoor: 1967. 36. Balaramabharatam, (Ed) V.S. Sarma, Thiruvanantapuram.

Pattern of Question paper 1.One General essay out of Two From unit-I 2.One essay out of Two from Unit III 3.One essay out of Two from Unit IV 4. Explain fully three Karikas out of five unit II 5.Shortnotes four out of six Units II,III&IV

COURSE FOURTEEN CORE COURSE- IX PSAS 2012 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS- III

(Vyaktiviveka-Vimarsa I and Vakrotijivita-Unmesa I) Medium of Examination is Sanskrit (in Devanagari script) only. Number of Credits: Four Aim and Objectives: Familiarising the students with the trajectories of critiques on Dhvani theory. To make them acquainted with the Poet-oriented literary approach of Kuntaka. To recognize the potential of the concepts of ancient theories of literary criticism and correlate them with the contemporary trends in literary studies. Outline of the Course: Four Units. Unit I : Historical background of Dhvani theory. Impacts of the theory on Sanskrit aesthetics. Antagonistic schools of Dhvani – Mukulabhatta, Bhattanayaka, Dhananjaya, Mahimabhatta and Kuntaka– Other rhetoricians with independent perspective of poetics such as Rajasekhara and Bhoja. Unit II : Vyaktiviveka. Detailed study of the text up to the end of the description of ‘pramanatrayam’ in the I st Vimarsa.. Unit III : Vyaktiviveka. Detailed study of the remaining portion (up to the end) of the I st Vimarsa. Unit IV : Vakroktijivita, I st Unmesa. Detailed textual study of the text. Evaluation : Internal Evaluation : Two Credits, of which One credit for assignment/seminar presentation and One credit for mid-term examination. External Evaluation : Two credits for end semester examination. Hour distribution :For the allocation of teaching hours Vyaktiviveka is to be given 60% of weightage and Vakroktijivita 40%. Hence, Three hours for Units II & III and Two hours for Unit IV shall be assigned. Besides the Topics of Seminar Papers, Unit I also shall be given due consideration for Questions in the final examination. Books for Reference: 1. Vyaktiviveka of Mahimabhatta with the commentary of Ruyyaka, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series. 2. Vakroktijivita of Kuntaka, (Ed.) K. Krishnamoorthy, Dharwar, 1974. 3. Dhvanyaloka of Sri Anandavardhana with Locana Commentary of Abhinavagupta, Chowkhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi. 4. Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara, (Ed.) Jayantamisra, Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan, 17 Varanasi,1964. 5. Bhoja’s Srngaraprakasa , Dr. V. Raghavan. 6. Srngaraprakasam , Vol. 1 & 2, Critically Edited by M. M. Reva Prasad Dvivedi, IGNCA , New Delhi, 2007 7. Aucityavicaracarca of Ksemendra, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 8. Ahidhavrttamatrka of Mukulabhatta. 9. Vyaktivivekanusilanam, K.P.Kesavan, Sri Dadhimathi Publications, Jaipur, 2006. 10. Vyaktiviveka- A Study , C. Rajendran, University of Calicut. 11. Vakroktih Kavyajivitam , N. V. P. Unithiri, Kerala Bhasa Institute, Tvpm 12. Vakroktijivitam, (Malayalam Trn.), Chattanath Achuthanunni, Vallathol Vidyapeetham, Edappal.2010. 13. Saundaryasastram , C. Rajendran. Kerala Bhasa Institute, Tvpm. 14. Vyaktivivekam , K. Sukumara Pillai, Kerala Bhasa Institute, Tvpm, Sec. Edn., 2006. 14. Some Concepts of Alankarasastra, Dr. V. Raghavan, Adyar Library Madras. 15. History of Sanskrit Poetics , P.V. Kane, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi: 1987. 16. History of Sanskrit Poetics , S.K. De, Firma KLM Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta.1988. 17. Indian Kavya Literature , A. K. Warder, MLBD, New Delhi, Vol. I. 18. Comparative Aesthetics , (Vols-2), Pandey, K.C. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1956. 19. Some Aspects of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit , A. Sankaran, Oriental Books Reprint, Corporation, New Delhi. 20. Santarasa and Abhinaguputa’s Philosophy of Aesthetics , J.L. Masson and A. Patwardhan, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. 21. Some Concepts of Alankarasastra, Dr. V. Raghavan, Adyar Library Madras. 22. Global Asthetics and Sanskrit Poetics , Ramaranjan Mukherji, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi, 1998. 23. Text and Subtext , Suggestion in Literature, Krishna Rayan, Arnold Heinemann, New Delhi, 1987. 26. After Amnesia, Tradition and Change in Indian Literary Criticism, G.N. Devy, Orient Longman,,Hyderabad, 1995. Scheme of Question Paper There will be Five main questions having equal weightage. One essay out of two from Unit – I. One essay out of two from Unit – II. One essay out of two from Unit – IV. Two short essays out of four from Unit – III. a. Explanation of Three Karikas/Verses/Passages out of 6 from Units II and III. b. Explanation of Three Karikas/Verses/Passages out of 6 from Units IV.

COURSE FIFTEEN Elective from other departments

18 SEMESTER IV

COURSE SIXTEEN CORE COURSE XPSAS 2013 SANSKRIT AESTHETICS- IV (Rasagangadhara-Anana I - up to the end of ‘Rasacarca’). Medium of Examination is Sanskrit (in Devanagari script) only. Number of Credits: Four Aim and Objectives : To make aware the students of the later developments of aesthetic theories and their interpretations in Sanskrit. Comprehension of the aesthetic concept of Jagannatha. Making them familiar with the different later interpretations of Rasa theory and the philosophical undercurrents of Rasa concept. To provide tools of interpreting and experiencing creative writings of cotemporary age. Outline of the Course : Four Units. Unit I : An overview of the thoughts on poetics from Anandavardhana to Jagannatha. Prominent writers and their perspectives of Sanskrit poetics. Acquaintance with the important themes discussed by Anandavardhana, Abhinavagupta, Mammatabhatta, visvanatha and Appayyadiksita. Jagannatha’s position on the concept of poetry and Rasa theory. Unit II : Rasagangadhara, I st Anana. Detailed study of the text up to the end of ‘Citramimamsakhandana’. Unit III : Rasagangadhara, Ist Anana. Detailed study of the text up to the end of Rasacarca (including the discussion of the last view on the relish of rasa). Unit IV : Dhvanyaloka, IV th Udyota. Detailed textual study of the whole Chapter IV. Evaluation : Internal Evaluation : Two Credits, of which One credit for assignment/seminar presentation and One credit for mid-term examination. External Evaluation : Two credits for end semester examination. Hour Distribution : For the allocation of teaching hours Rasagangadhara is to be given 60% of weightage and Dhvanyaloka 40%. Hence, Three hours for Units II & III and Two hours for Unit IV shall be assigned. Unit I shall be handled by the teacher(s) with due importance. Besides the Topics of Seminar Papers, for Questions in the final examination also Unit I has to be given consideration. Books for Reference: 1. Rasagangadhara of Jagannatha Pandita, Madhusudana Sastri, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay, 1939. 2 Rasagangadhara of Jagannatha Pandita with Rasacandrika Commentary of Badarinath Jha, Chokhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi, 2001. 3. Rasagangadhara of Jagannatha Pandita with Marmaprakasika Commentary of Nagesa Bhatta, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Jha, Chokhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi, 2001. 4. Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana with Locana Commentary of Abhinavagupta, Chowkhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi. 5. Dhvanyaloka of Sri Anandavardhana with Locana Commentary of Abhinavagupta, Chowkhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi. 6. The Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana with Locana of Abhinavagupta , (English), Translated by Daniel H.H. Ingalls, Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson and M.V.Patwardhan, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London, 1990. 7. Dhvanyalokalocana- Kerala Commentaries , Editor C.M. Neelakandhan, Centre forHeritage Studies, Trippunithura, Kochi, 2011. 8. Sahityadarpana of Visvanatha Kaviraja with Laksmi Sanskrit Com., Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi: 1996. 9. Vyaktiviveka of Mahimabhatta with the commentary of Ruyyaka, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series. 19 10 . Vakroktijivita of Kuntaka, (Ed.) K. Krishnamoorthy, Dharwar, 1974. 11. Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara, (Ed.) Jayantamisra, Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi, 1964. 12. Bhoja’s Srngaraprakasa , Dr. V. Raghavan. 13. Aucityavicaracarca of Ksemendra, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 14. Ahidhavrttamatrka of Mukulabhatta. 15. Srngaraprakasam , Vol. 1 & 2, Critically Edited by M. M. Reva Prasad Dvivedi, IGNCA , New Delhi, 2007. 16. The Contribution of Panditaraja Jagannatha to Sanskrit Poetics , Dr. P.S. Ramachandralu, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, 2008. 17. Rasagangadhara - Ek Adhyayan , (Hindi), Thanesh Chandra Upraiti, Parimal Publications, Delhi, 1989. 18. Bhasarasagangadhara , (Malayalam Translation of the first Chapter of Rasagangadhara), Ennazhi Rajan, Samrat Publishers, Thrissur,2007. 19. Dhvanisiddhantam- Vastutakalum Sameepanangalum (in Malayalam) Ed. E. Sreedharan, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, 2004. 20. Comparative Aesthetics (2 Vols), K.C.Pandey, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series,1956. 21. Some Aspects of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit , A. Sankaran, Oriental Books Corporation, New Delhi. 22. Santarasa and Abhinaguputa’s Philosophy of Aesthetics , J.L. Masson and A. Patwardhan, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. 23. Some Concepts of Alankarasastra, Dr. V. Raghavan, Adyar Library, Madras. 24. History of Sanskrit Poetics , P.V. Kane, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi: 1987. 25. History of Sanskrit Poetics , S.K. De, Firma KLM Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta.1988. 26. Indian Kavya Literature , A. K. Warder, MLBD, New Delhi, Vol. I. 27. Text and Subtext , Suggestion in Literature, Krishna Rayan, Arnold Heinemann, New Delhi, 1987. 28. After Amnesia, Tradition and Change in Indian Literary Criticism , G.N. Devy, Orient Longman,,Hyderabad, 1995. 29. Saundaryasastram , C. Rajendran. Kerala Bhasa Institute, Thiruvananthapuram.. 30. Global Asthetics and Sanskrit Poetics , Ramaranjan Mukherji, Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi, 1998.

Scheme of Question Paper

There will be Five main questions having equal weightage. One essay out of two from Unit I. One essay out of two from Unit II. One essay out of two from Unit III. Two short essays out of three from Unit IV. a. Explanation of Three Passages/Verses out of 6 from Units II and III. b. Explanation of Three Karikas/Verses/Passages out of 6 from Units IV.

COURSE SIXTEEN CORE COURSE XI PSAS 2014 Literary Theories (Answers should be written in Sanskrit or in English In writing Sanskrit Devanagari Script should be used) Number of credits : Four Aim and Objectives : To familiarise the students with the ancient and modern literary theories to enable them to have awareness of the contemporary concepts and developments in literary theories with respect to East and West. Course outline : Five Units 20

Unit I An introduction to literary theories – literature as criticism of life – the twin essential aspects of literature namely (a) To discover the mystery behind the chemistry of composing literary works- the vital instinct of human being to share his/her experience with others (b) To find out the peculiar nature of literary experience. The importance of being a critical reader of sahrdhaya – understanding, appreciation, and evolution – literature a construction and meaningful dialogue between the creative writer and the responsive reader – ‘sarasvatyastatvam kvisahrtayakhyam vijayate’ the educative and aesthetic aspects of literature. The capacity of literature for transportation and making people better – essential comtents of literary theory namely the equipment of the poet and the sahrdaya, the purpose of poetry other essential aspects of making literature- literature and contemporary world – literary discourse, the kernel of modern cultural studies. Unit II Literary theories (Pre-Dhvani period) Unit III Literary theories (Dhvani period and Post Dhvani period) Unit IV Platos philosophy and his theory on imitation-Aristotle’s theory of mimesis- catharsis and structure of tragedy-Longinus’s concept of sublime-romantic criticism of Coleredge and wordsworth-Eliots objective correlative and impersonal theory of literature – Ambiguity of William Empson. New critical theories-I. A. Richards Literary theories. Unit V : Naturalism, realism, surrealism, symbolism, formalism, stylistics, structuralism, modernism, postmodernism, new historicism-reader response criticism-cultural studies. Concept of tina.

Hour distribution Units I,II&III -3 hours, Units IV& V -2 hours Pattern of Question paper 1.One essay out of Two Unit II 2.One essay out of two unit-III 3.One essay out of two Unit 4. Short essays two out of four Unit-IV 5.Shortnotes four out of six Unit V Reference 1. Literary Theory - Terry Eagleton 2. Rasagangadhara of Jagannatha Pandita, Madhusudana Sastri, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay, 1939. 3. The Contribution of Panditaraja Jagannatha to Sanskrit Poetics , Dr. P.S. Ramachandralu, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, 2008. 4. Comparative Aesthetics , (Vols-2), Pandey, K.C. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1956. 5. Principles of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit , Dvivedi. R.C, MLBD. New Delhi.

6. Some Aspects of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit , A. Sankaran, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi. 7. Comparative Aesthetics : East and West, Prof. Angraj Chaudhary, Eastern Book Linkers, Delhi, 1991. 8. Santarasa and Abhinaguputa’s Philosophy of Aesthetics , J.L. Masson and A. Patwardhan, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. 9. East and West Poetics at Work , (Ed.) C.D. Narasimhaiah, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi. 10. Literary Criticism-A short History , Wimset Jr. William K and Cleanth Brooks., Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. 11. A History of Modern Criticism (6 Vols.), Wellock, Rene,. Jonathan Bedford Square, London, 1970. 12. Principles of Literary Criticism , Richards I.A. Routledge and Kagan Paul, London 1961. 13. The Making of Literature , Scott James R.A. Mercury Tools, London 1963. 14. Contemporary Criticism- An Anthology , Sethuraman. V. Macmillan India, 1989. 15. Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art , Butcher S.H. Dover New York, 1951. 21 16. 20 th century Literary Criticism , Lodge, David, Longman, London, 1972. 17. Modern Criticism and Theory : Reader Longman, London 1991. 18. A Glossary of Literary Terms , (6 th Ed) Abrams, M.H,. Rinehary, New York. 187. 19. Viswasahityadarsanangal , Nellikkal Muraleedharan, DC Books, Kottayam:1999. 20. Samskarapathanam , Malayalapathanasangham, Current Books, Kottayam: 2000.

21. Post Modernism , Review Journal of Philosophy and Social Science, Vol. XV, No. 1 & 2, 1990. (Ed.) Dr. Michael V Belok, Anu Books, Meerut, India. 22. Art Experience , Hiriyanna. M., Kavyamala, Mysore, 1951. 23. Sahityadarpana of Visvanatha Kaviraja with Laksmi Sanskrit Com., Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi: 1996. 24. Kavyanusasana of Hemacandra. 25. Rasagangadhara , A Study in Malayalam , Poojappura Krishnan Nair 26. Adhunikanantarasahityasamipanangal , Bookworm, Thrissur: 1996. 27. Adhunikanantaram -Vicaram Vayana, P.P.Ravindran , Current Books, Thrissur, 1999.

COURSE EIGHTEEN CORE COURSE XII PSAS 2015 CONTEMPORARY CREATIVE SANSKRIT Medium of Examination may be Sanskrit (in Devanagari script) or English. Number of Credits: Four Aim and Objectives: This course comprises theareas of study which are necessary for a student of creative Sanskrit literature. As Sanskrit is still in use for creative and scientific writings, a working knowledge of the same is essential to the students of Sanskrit Sahitya. Hence some specimens of modern creativie writings of Sanskrit both in original and translated forms are included in this course. Outline of the Course: Four Units. Unit I : General study of the modern creative writings in Sanskrit. Unit II : Kerala’s contribution of creative Sanskrit writings since independence. Unit III : Sanskrit original lyrical poem: Nayagra jalapatah: N.V.KrishnaVariyar Drama: Tadakavadham: V.Krishnan Thampi Prose: Mrcchakatiakasara of Prof.P.C.Vasudevan Elayathu. (All texts are for non detailed study only). Unit IV : Specimens of Translations in Sanskrit. Gitanjali- N.Gopalapillai. Ujjayini I chapter Dr.N.V.P.Unithiri Srikrishnacaritam Manipravalam- I Canto Prof.K.P.Narayanapisharoti. (All texts are for non detailed study only).

Evaluation : Internal Evaluation : Two Credits, of which One credit for assignment/seminar or project work and One credit for mid-term examination. External Evaluation : Two Credits for end semester examination.

Hour Distribution : Three Hours for Unit I & III and two hours for Unit II & IV. Books for Reference : 1. Nayagrajalapatah , N.V.Krishnavariyer 2. Tadakavadham , Proof.V.Krishnan Thampi. 3. Mrcchakatikasara , Prof.P.C.Vasudevan Elayathu 4. Gitanjali translation of N.Gopalapillai 22 5. Ujjayini translation of Dr.N.V.P.Unithiri 6. Srikrisnacaritam Manipravalam translation of Prof.K.P.Narayanapisharoti 7. Samskritasahityacaritram, Vol I&II, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur Scheme of Question Paper There will be Five main questions having equal weightage. Two Short Essay out of Three from Unit I. Two Short Essay out of Three from Unit II. Three Short essays out of five from Unit III. Three short Essays out of five from Unit III. Four short notes out of eight from all units.

COURSE NINEETEENELECTIVE COURSE Internal Elective

COURSE TWENTY PROJECT COURSE I PSAS 2016 DISSERTATION Number of Credits: Four The nature of this Course is the preparation of a Dissertation by every student personally, on a specific topic. Each student shall prepare the work under the supervision of a teacher in the Department. Objectives: This course is intented to reflect the knowledge and training imparted to the student during the programme and to give an opportunity to explore possible areas for future research. By this course the students are to be trained to prepare a record of academic importance Instructions: The exact topic of the Dissertation shall be chosen by the student in consultation with the supervising teacher. The topic of Dissertation could be selected from any branch of Sanskrit studies. On deciding the topic the student has to prepare and submit a Synopsis of the work. This shall be intimated to the Head of the Department to avoid duplication and ensure transparency. The Dissertation shall be written either in Sanskrit or in English. Its volume may be fixed between 25 to 35 pages of A4 size. The work has to be done DTP. In the preparation of the Dissertation basic principles and methods of writing academic records should be followed. It should be submitted before the End Semester Examination. The number of copies to be submitted is Two. Evaluation : Internal Evaluation : Two Credits. Each student has to present two seminar papers during the semester, based on the topic of her/his dissertation. The presentations are to be done well before the final examination during the semester and it would be evaluated by the supervising teacher and another teacher of the department jointly. External Evaluation : Two credits for the Dissertation submitted at the end of the semester. Hour distribution : Five Hours.

23 OTHER INTERNAL ELECTIVES OFFERED BY DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT SAHITYA 2014 ADMISSION ONWARDS

INTERNAL ELECTIVE/OPTIONAL COURSES 1. 2017 – VEDAS AND VEDANGAS 4 Credits 2. 2018 – HISTORY OF CLASSICAL SANSKRIT LITERATURE 4 Credits 3. 2019 – LATER TEXTS IN VEDIC PERIOD 4 Credits 4. 2020 – SANSKRIT LITERATURE OF KERALA 4 Credits 5. 2021 – BHASA RIDDLE 4 Credits 6. 2022 – ANCIENT INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE 4 Credits 7. 2023 – KERALA SANSKRIT THEATRE 4 Credits 8. 2024 – SANSKRIT INFORMATICS 4 Credits 9. 2025 – NATYASASTRA – CHAPTERS 18 & 19 4 Credits 10. 2026 – KAVYAMIMAMSA OF RAJASEKHARA 4 Credits 11. 2027 – SANSKRIT POETICS – KAVYAPRAKASA : PART – II 4 Credits 12. 2028 – SAHITYADARPANA OF VISVANATHA 4 Credits 13. 2029 – DASARUPAKA OF DHANANJAYA 4 Credits 14. 2030 – SANSKRIT POETICS :PRE - DHVANI PERIOD 4 Credits ( Four electives are included in the main part of the syllabus: in the first semester PSAM 2002 Vedic Wisdom and PSAM 2045 Manuscript Studies, AcademicWritings and Translation, in second semester PSAM2007 Sanskrit Sources of Science and Technology and in third semester PSAS 2010 Indian Philosophy)

MULTIDISCIPLINARY COURSES OFFERED TO THE STUDENTS OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS: (Answers may be in written either in Sanskrit or English or Malayalam for all elective papers In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) 1. 2031 - SANSKRIT FOR BEGINNERS 4 Credits 2. 2032 - FAMILIARISING SANSKRIT KAVYA AND NATAKA LITERATURE 4 Credits 3. 2033 - FOUNDATIONS OF SANSKRIT STUDIES 4 Credits 4. 2034 - FUNCTIONAL SANSKRIT 4 Credits 5. 2035 - SANSKRIT DRAMA AND DRAMATURGY 4 Credits 6. 2036 - SANSKRIT AND MUSIC 4 Credits 7. 2037SANSKRIT LYRICS IN PERFORMING INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC 4 Credits 8. 2038 - SANSKRIT LITERARY GENRES – THEORIES AND CATEGORIES 4 Credits 9. 2039 - SANSKRIT LITERARY THEORIES 4 Credits 10. 2040 Society, Motivation and Sanskrit (for MSW and other disciplines) 4 Credits 11.2041 LITERARY WORLD OF KALIDASA 4 Credits 12.2042 DRAMATIC WORLD OF BHASA 4 Credits 13. 2043 PLAYS OF BHAVABHUTI 4 Credits 14. 2046 - HISTORIOLOGY OF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 4 Credits

Elective Courses: Code No: 2017 to 2030 and PSAM 2002 and PSAM 2045, PSAS 2007 and PSAM 2010 are internal electives and 2031 to 2046 are Multidisciplinary electives 24 2017 : VEDAS AND VEDANGAS (Answers should be in Sanskrit using Devanagari script) Number of credits :Four Aim and objectives :To make an acquaintance with Vedic literature –Study of Vedic Mantras on linguistic Social and philosophic point of view. Course outline : 4 Units. Unit I General introduction to Vedic literature – the four Vedas - Samhitas – Brahmanas –Aranyakas - Upanisads – Vedangas. Unit II Intensive study of the following Suktas:Kitava and Nasadiya from Rgveda . Sivasankalpasukta from Yajurveda, Agnisukta from Samaveda, Bhumi hymn from Atharvaveda Unit III General study of the basic texts of Siksa, Jyotisa and Chandas, Intensive study of Paniniyasiksa (first 15 verses) , Arcajyotisa(first ten verses) and Chandassastra by Pingala (Chapter -3). Unit IV The Kalpa literature – its four divisions – general study of Srauta, Grhya, Dharma and Sulba sutras-intensive study of Manavadharmasastra (Rajadharma portion). Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination (Unit - 1 can be used for assignment and seminar presentations) Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours, Unit - IV 1 hour Reference: 1. Rgveda with Bhasya of Sayanacarya, (Ed.) Max Muller. 2. Discovering the Vedas, Frits Staal, Penguin Books, India, 2008. 3. The Vedas (Vedas: A Cultural Study) , C. Kunjan Raja, Andhra University, Waltair, 1957. 4. Dasopanisads, with the com. of Sri. Upanisadbrahmayogin, Part 1 (Isa to Aitareya ), (Ed.) Prof. C. Kunjan Raja, The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Madras, 1984. 5. The Vedic Age, (Gen. Ed.) R. C. Majumdar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, 1996. 6. History of Sanskrit Literature , A.A. Mcdonnel, MLBD, New Delhi. 7. Vedic Reader , A.A. Macdonnel, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 8. Rgveda Brahmanas, A. B. Keith, MLBD Delhi. 9. Manusmrti, textwith the commentary of Kullukabhatta, (Ed). Gopala Sastri Nene, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. 10. Vedakiranangal , Prof. Paleli Narayanan Namboothiri & Dr. C.M. Neelakandhan, Vatakke Mathom Brahmasvam, Thrissur,1995. 11. Rgvedam Bhashabhashyam , O.M.C Narayanan Namboothirippad, DC Books, Kottayam. 12. Rgvedapravesika , Vedabandhu, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, 2005. 13. Samkrtasahityacaritram , (Ed.) Dr. K.K. Raja and Dr. M.S. Menon, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, Kerala. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 6. One essay out of two from Unit - I 7. Explain fully any four out of eight from Unit - II 8. Explain fully any three out of six from Unit - III 9. Explain the hymns/verses/Sutras- 3 out of six from Units – II 10. Short notes - 5 out of ten from all Units

25 2018 : HISTORY OF CLASSICAL SANSKRIT LITERATURE (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To familiarize students with the vast literary heritage of classical Sanskrit. To familiarize them with important creative writers of Sanskrit. Unit I Introduction to the Sanskrit classical literary heritage – origin of Kavya literature – Asvaghosa – Bhasa – Bhartrhari. Unit II The date of Kalidasa – his works - Influence of Kalidasa’s works on later texts – Pancamahakavyas – Bharavi, Magha and Sriharsa. Unit III The Gadyakavya –Dasakumaracarita –Kadambari – Campu literature. Unit IV The dramatic literature - dramas of Bhavabhuti – Sudraka - Sriharsa – Bhattanarayana and others. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 1 hour, Unit - IV 2 hours Reference: 1. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , Krishnamachariar. MLBD, Delhi. 2. Indian Kavya Literature , A.K. Warder, MLBD, Delhi. 3. History of Sanskrit Literature , A.A. Macdonell, MLBD, Delhi. 4. Sanskrit Drama , A. B Keith. Oxford University Publications. 5. Introduction to Sanskrit Literature , A.B Keith, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi. 6. Samskrtasahityacaritram , (Ed.) K. Kunjunni Raja & M.S. Menon, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3 Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from all units Q 4 Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from all units Q 5 Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units ------2019 : LATER TEXTS IN VEDIC PERIOD (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Course outline : 4 Units. Unit I General survey of Vedic literature – Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanisads – content analysis of these texts with historical, social and philosophical perspective - study of Brahmanas with the linguistic aspects - study of Aranyakas and Upanishads to assess literary merits and philosophical insights. Unit II Satapathabrahmana (first chapter for intensive study) Unit III Aitareyaranyaka (intensive study) Unit IV Mundakopanisad (intensive study) Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - II 2 hours, Unit - III 2 hours, Unit - IV 1 hour (Unit - 1 can be used for assignments and seminar presentations).

26 Reference 1. Satapthabrahmana (with Sayana’s commentary) Madhyandina recension, Nag Publishers – New Delhi 1990. 2. The Satapathabrahmana (Kanva recension), (Ed.) W. Caland & Raghuvira, MLBD, Delhi, Rpt. 1983 3. Jaiminiya Brahmanam , (Ed.) Raghuvira and Lokesh Chandra, MLBD 1986. 4. Taittiriyabrahmana, (with commentary of Bhattabhaskaramisra) Ed. A. Mahadev Sastri & Srinivasacharya, MLBD, 1995. 5. Rgveda Brahmanas , A.B. Keith, MLBD, Delhi, (Rpt.) 1998. 6. Etymologies in the Satpathabrahmana , Nargis Verma , Nag Publishers, New Delhi, 1992 7. The Aitareya Aranyaka , Eastern Book Linkers, New Delhi, 1995. 8. Aitareyalocanam, Acarya Satyavrat Samarasmi, J.P.Publishuing House, Delhi 1998. 9. Ten Principal Upanishads (with Sankarabhashya), MLBD, 1992 10. The Philosophy of the Upanishads , Paul Deussen, (Eng. Tr), MLBD, New Delhi 1999. 11. The Call of the Upanishads, Rohit Mehta, MLBD, New Delhi 1999. 12. Upanishads in Sankara’s Own Words , V. Panoli, the Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Co. Ltd., Calicut. 13. Mundakopanisad, Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q. 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II,III & IV units Q. 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from unit I Q. 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units (There will be two parts, part A & B containing four questions each) ------

2020 : SANSKRIT LITERATURE OF KERALA (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Course outline : 4 Units. Unit I Introduction to Sanskrit language and literature -Gadya, Padya, Campu, Stotrakavyas - Mahakavyas - Khandakavyas - Drsya, Sravya, Sandesakavyas - historical and philosophical kavyas in Sanskrit - Sanskrit literature of Pre- independence and Post – independence period – study of modern works dealing with aryanisation and modernization. Unit II Kerala Sanskrit literature important works and authors – Kulasekhara Alvar, Lilasuka, Sankaracarya, Atula, Melputtur Narayanabhatta, Manaveda, -Dr. K. N. Ezhuthacchan – Prof. P. C. Devasya Unit III Kerala contribution to Sastraic literature – works and authors on the areas like astronomy, Ayurveda, architecture, fine arts – commentarial literature of Kerala – contribution to Indian philosophy by Keralites. Unit IV Intensive study of selected portions from Narayaniya, Keralodaya, Krstubhagavata, Angalasamrajya, Saundaryalahari and Purvabharatacampu.

Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 1 hour, Unit - IV 2 hours 27 Referance 1. Studies in Kerala Sanskrit Literature , Dr. N. V. P. Unithiri, Publication Division, Uty. of Calicut, 2004. 2. Contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature , Dr. K. Kunjunni Raja. 3. Musikavamsam , Dr. K. Raghavan Pillai, Text with Malayalam Commentary, Dept. of Publications, Uty. of Kerala, Tvm1983 4. Keralodayah , (two parts) Dr. K. N. Ezhuthacchan, Dept. of Cultural Publications, Trivandrum, 1992. 5. Keralodaya – An Epic Kavya of Kerala , Dr. Dharmaraj Adat. 6. Narayaniyam , Guruvayur Devasvam Publication, 4 th Edn. 1995 7. Keraliyasamskrtasahityacaritram , Vatakkumkur Rajarajavarma, SSUS Publication. 8. Keralasahityacaritram , Ullur S PrameswaraIyar, Kerala Uty. Publication, Tvm 9. Keralasahityacaritram , Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur 9. Krstubhagavata , P. C. Devasya, Cultural Dept. Publications, Kerala. 10. Angalasamrajya , A. R. Rajarajavarma, Cultural Dept. Publications, Kerala 11. Visvabhanu , P. K. Narayana Pillai 12. Bharatendu , C. V. Vasudeva Bhattathiri 13. Saundaryalahari of Sankaracarya 14. Purvabharatacampu of Manaveda Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II,III & IV units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from unit I Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units

2021 : BHASA RIDDLE (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Unit I General introduction – Sanskrit Drama: origin and development- Asvaghosa – Kalidasa – Bhavabhuti – Sudraka etc. Unit II Bhasa’s plays- Ganapati Sastri- 13 plays of Trivandrum series - views of modern researchers. Unit III Karnabharam (intensive study) Unit IV Svapnavasavadattam (intensive study) Evaluation : Internal : 50% or 1/2 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 50% or 1/2 credit for mid-term examination External : 1 credit for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit – I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 1 hour, Unit - IV 2 hours Reference 1. New Problems of Bhasa Plays , N.P. Unni, Nag Publication, Delhi. 2. Bhasa Afresh , Dr. N. P. Unni, Nag Publishers, Delhi, 2000 3. Complete Works of Bhasa, C.R. Danakar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 4. Sanskrit Drama in Performance , (Ed.) Rachel Van M Baumer & James R Brandon, MLBD New Delhi: 1993 5. Bhasanatakasarvasvam, Dr. Sudhamsu Chadurvedi. 6. Bhasa - A Study , A. D. Pusalkar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 7. Sanskrit Drama - Its Origin and Decline , Indu Shekhar. 8. The Theatres of Bharata and Some Aspects of Sanskrit PlayProduction, Govarddhan Panchal. 28 9. Pratimanataka of Bhasa, (Ed.) M.R. Kale. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 10. Brhadsamskrtanibhandhakalika, Pandit Sivaprssad Dvivedi. 11. Bhasanatakachakram , (Ed.) Dr. T. Bhaskaran, Manuscript Library, Kerala University Thiruvananthapuram. 12. Bhasabharatam, Kavalam Narayana Panikkar. 13. Karnabharam, 14. Svapnavasavadattam, Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from I, II & IV units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from III & IV units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes/annotations out of 8 from all units ------2022: ANCIENT INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE (Answer may either in Sanskrit or in English) Number of credits :Four Aim: To familiarizing the students with the Indian tradition of Law and its importance in the modern jurisdiction. Unit I General study of Kalpasutras, Dharmasutras,Dharmasastras, Smrti and Niti texts. General nature of the Smrtis – familiarizing important Smrti texts- scope and meaning of Indian Jurisdiction, Law, - Modern Indian Jurisprudence- Dharma in Indian Philosophy - Dharmamimamsa and Karmamimamsa Unit II Intensive study of Manusmrti-Chapter VIII (Witness) Intensive study of Yajnavalkyasmrti–Vyavaharadhyaya (Dayabhaga) Unit III Commentaries, Digests & Nibandhas of Smrtis- Later Smrti texts- environmental, administrative awareness in Smrtis- Dharma and Hermeneutics Unit IV Modern Indian laws and Jurisprudence- Civil, Criminal & Minor laws – Its ancient background – Jurisdiction: Present and Past. Scheme of Question Paper 1. Essay- one out of two – General (Unit I) 2. Essay- one out of two – (Unit II) 3. Short Essays – two out of four – (Unit IV) 4. Short Essays – two out of four (Unit II & III) 5. Short Notes – five out of ten (Unit I & IV) Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 2 hours Unit - III 1 hour, Unit - IV 1 hour Reference: 1. Astadasasmrtis, Nag Publishers, Delhi, Second edn., 1990. 2. The Smrtisandarbhah , Nag Publishers, Delhi. 3. The Dharmasastra or The Hindu Code , M.N. Dutt. Easern Book Linkers, Delhi. 4. Dharma and Society , Gain Publishing House, Delhi, 1986. 5. Dharmasutras –The Law codes of Apastamba, Gautama, Baudhayana and Vasishtha – Annotated text with translation and notes, Patric Olivelle, MLBD Delhi 2000 6. History of Dharmasastra , P.V. Kane, 5 Volumes, BORI, Pune, 1962 – 75. 7. Dharmasutras, A study in their Origin and Development , S.C. Banerjee, Puthni Pustak, Culcutta,1962. 8. Dharmasutras , The Law Codes of Ancient India, Patric Olivelle, Oxford Uniersity Press, Oxford 1999. 9. Indian Concept of Values , Prof. M. Hiriyanna, Kavyalaya Publications, Mysore, 1975. 10. Yajnavalkyasmrti , Ed. with Vijnaneswara’s Commentary, by U.C. Pande, Kashi Sanskrit Series, 178, Varanasi, 1967.

29 11. Yajnavalkyasmrti , Nag Publishers, Delhi, 1985. 12. Manusmrti, Ed. with the Commentaries of Medhatithi, Sarvajnanarayana, Kulluka, Raghavananada, Nandana, Ramachandra, Manirama, Govindaraja, Bharuci by J.H.Dev, 6 Vols, Bharatiya Vidyabhavan Bombay, 1972 – 84. 13. Manusmrti , (Ed.) Jagannath, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,1999. 14. The Laws of Manu , G. Buhler, Athlantic Publishers, Delhi, 1979. 15. Manusmrti, Malayalam Translation by C.V. Vasudeva Bhattathiri, Dept. of Cultural Publication, Tvm. 16. Yajnavalkyasmrti , (Mal. Trans.) Prof. C. V. Vasudeva Bhattathiri, Dept. of Cultural Publications, Govt. of Kerala, Tvm, 2002. 17. Early Buddhist Jurisprudence, D M Bhavat, Cosmo Pub 2013 18. Human Rights and Development , Peter UVin , Kumarian Press 2005 19. Dharmasastra- A Link between tradition and modernity, B K Swain, CSS 2003 20. KautilyaArthasastra – An Appraisal, Pushpendrakumar, Nag Pub, 1989 21. The Wonder that is Hindu Dharma, R S Gupta, B R Pub 1987 22. Legal and Constitutional History of India, M Rama Jois, N M Tripathi,1990 23. Adoption Law Practice, D C Manooja, Deep&Deep, 1993 24. Socio-Economic Ideas in Ancient Indian Literature, A R Panchamukhi, RSS 25. Some aspects of the Studies of Dharmasastra, S G Moghe, B K Prakasan 26. The Dharmasatra –An Introductory Analysis, B K Swain, AkshayPrakasan 27. Juridical Studies in Kalidasa, S P Narang, RSS 28. Society in Ancient India, S C Banerji, D K Print, 2007 29. Indian Family Law, K SreedharaVarrier, TVM, 1987 30. Principles of Hindu Law, Satyajeet A Desai, 1998 31. Sankarasmrti, T C ParameswaraMussath, Bharativilasam, 1925 32. Bharatiyavicaradarsanam (Skt), HariharanathaTripathi, Sampurnanada, 1899 33. Marumakkattayam, K T Ravivarma, State Languagew Institute, 2004. ------

2023 : KERALA SANSKRIT THEATRE (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units

Unit I A General Study of Ancient Indian Theatre Introduction To Sanskrit Theatre – Bharata Natyasastra – Abhinavagupta – Sargadhara – Abhinayadarpana – Hastalaksana Dipika – Balaramabharata - Kerala Theatre Unit II Kutiyattum – Origin and Development – Kulasekhara’s Contribution. Texts – Saktibhadra – Bhasa – Kulasesekhara – Nilakhanda – Attaprakara – Kramadipika – Rituals Unit III Kutiyattam Performance – Kuttambalam - Four Abhinanayas – Pakarnattam – Nirvahanabhinaya – Instruments Unit IV Krsnanattam – Krsnagiti – Manaveda – Eight Episodes – Four Abhinayas – Rituals – Misic – Dance Unit V Kathakali – Astapadiyattam – Mohiniyattam – Chakyarkuttu – Campu Literature of Melpputtur - Pathakam Hour distribution : 1 hour each for each unit References 1. Natyakalpadruma , Manimadhavachakyar, Keralakalamandalam 2. Kuttum Kutiyattavum , Ammaman Tampuran 3. Kutiyattum – The Traditional Theatre An Introduction , K.G. Paulose 4. Traditional Sanskrit Theatre Kerala, C. Rajendran 5. Krsnagiti, Ed. P.C. Vasudevan Elayata, Guruvayoor Devasvam 6. The Multiple Streams Of Indian Theatre , Kapila Vatsyayan 30 7. Natyamandapam, M.P.Sankunninair 8. Kuttambalangalil , K.P. Narayanapisharodi

9. Kutiyattam, An introduction , Dr. K. Kunjunni Raja, Sangeetanataka Academy- Delhi. 10. Kutiyattam- Its Form and Performance , Dr. V. Raghavan, Sanskrita Ranga, Madras. 11. Acting in Kerala , Prof. K.R. Pisharoti, Mythic Society, Bangalore. 12. Kerala Theatre , Prof. K.R. Pisharoti, Annamalai University. 13. Natyasastra (4 Volumes) Eng. Translation by Dr. N.P. Unni, Nag Publishers, Delhi. 14. Sanskrit Dramasof Kulasekhara - A Study, Dr. N.P. Unni, Kerala Historical Society- Tvm. 15. Natankusa, (Ed.). Prof. K.G. Paulose, Government Skt. College, Thrippunithura. 16. Tapatisamvarana , (Ed.) T. Ganapati Sastri, Trivandrum Sanskrit. Series. 17. Traditional Indian Theatre , Dr. Kapila Vatsyayan, National Book Trust, New Delhi. 18. Natyasatra and National Unity , Dr. Padma Subrahmanyam, Govt. Skt. College, Thrippunithura. 19. Living Traditions in Natyasastra, Dr. C. Rajendran, New Bhartiya Book Corporation, New Delhi. 20. Facets of India Culture, (Ed). Dr. P.C. Muraleemadhavan, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, New Delhi. 21. Production of A Play in Kutiyattam , G. Venu, Natanakairali, Irinjalakuda. 22. Kutiyattam, Dr. K.G. Poulose, International Centre for Kutiyattam, Trippunithura. 23. Women’s Role in Kutiyattam , L.S. Rajagopal, K.S.R.I. Chennai. 24. Vyangyavyakhya , (Ed.) Dr. K.G. Paulose, Govt. Skt. College, Trippunithura. 25. Yajna and Natya , C. Byrskey., ‘Purnatrayi’, Govt. Skt. College, Trippunithura. 26. Krsnanattam (Krsnagiti) tran & ed by Prof. P.C. Vasudevan Elayath, Guruvayur Devaswom. 27. Kuttum Kutiyattavum, Ammavan Tampuran, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur. 28. Natyakalpadrumam , Mani Madhavachakkyar. Kerala Kalamandalam, Cheruthuruthy 29. Kuttambalangal, D. Appukkuttan Nair, MARGI, Thiruvanantapuram. 30. Purusarthakkuthu , Krishnachandran.V.R, Sahitya Academy, Trichur. 31. Mantrankam , P.K. Narayanan Nambiar, Kerala Sahitya Academy, Trichur. 32. Krsnanattam , Dr. P.C. Muraleemadhavan ‘Kerala Kalamela, Karnataka Association, Thiruvanantapuram. 33. Kuttambalangalil , K.P. Narayana Pisharoti. 34. Natyasastra (2 Vols) Mal. Trans. by K.P. Narayana Pisharoti, Kerala Sahitya Academi, Tsr Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. 1. 1 essay out of 2 – I unit 2. 1 essay out of 2- II unit 3. 1essay out of 2 – IV unit 4. 4 short note out of 6 – III unit 5. 4 short note out of 6 – V unit Evaluation : Internal : 50% or 1/2 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 50% or 1/2 credit for mid-term examination External : 1 credit for end semester examination ------

31 2024:SANSKRIT INFORMATICS (Answers may be written either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used)

Number of credits : 4 credits Course outline : 2 Units. Aim and objectives :To get acquainted with the theoretical and practical aspects of computer studies by the students. Unit I Introduction to Informatics - Possibilities in Sanskrit Unit II DTP in Sanskrit – Sanskrit Software – Unicode Fonts Unit III Sanskrit E Resources / Online Resources Unit IV General Introduction to NLP in Sanskrit Evaluation : Internal : 50% or 1/2 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 50% or 1/2 credit for mid-term examination External : 1 credit for end semester examination

Reference: 1. Ten Minutes Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, Windows - 98, XP. 2. The Complete Computer Companion , Pen Books, Aluva, 2001. 3. Comdex Computer Course Kit , Vikas Gupta, Dreamtech, Delhi. 4. Computer Paricayavum Prayogavum , Achyut Sankar. S, Kerala State Institute of Languages, Trivandrum, 2000. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage.

2025 : NATYASASTRA – CHAPTERS 18 & 19 (Dasarupakadhyaya and Sandhi-sandhyangadhyaya) (Answers may be written in Sanskrit or English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used). Number of credits :Four Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce different verities of dramas to students. For introducing the techniques in designing of plot. (According to Sanskrit dramaturgy) Unit I General introduction to texts and dramaturgy in Sanskrit- Natyasastra of Bharata- Natyadarpana of Ramacandra and Gunacandra- Sahityadarpana (6 th Pariccheda) - Abhinayadarpana of Nandikesvara- Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya- Hastalaksanadipika - Balaramabharata of Kartika Tirunal - Prataparudriya of Vidyanatha. Unit II Natyasastra chapter 18 ( Dasarupakadhyaya ) - Intensive study Unit III Natyasastra chapter 19 ( Sandhi-sandhyangadhyaya ) - Intensive study Unit IV Application of Natakalaksana s in major Sanskrit dramas like Abhijnanasakuntala - Application of Sandhis and Sandhyangas in a major drama like Ratnavali of Sriharsa or Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2hour, Unit - IV 1 hour

Reference: 1. Natyasastra with the commentary of Abhinavagupta, Gaekvad Oriental series, Baroda 2. Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya with Avaloka , Caukhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi 32 3. Sanskrit Drama, A.B. Keith, MLBD, New Delhi: 1992 4. Living Traditions of Natyasastra, Dr. C. Rajendran 5. Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana, (Ed) M.R. Kale, MLBD, New Delhi: 1998 6. Abhijnanasakuntala of Kalidasa, (Ed) M.R. Kale, MLBD, New Delhi: 1994 7. Sanskrit Drama in Performance , (Ed) Rachel Van M Baumer & James R Brandon, MLBD New Delhi: 1993. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-2. Essays, from II & III units. 2 out of 4 Q 3. Short essays from all units 2 out of 4 Q 4. Short notes, from all units, 4 out of 8 Q 5. Explain karikas from units II & III, 4 out of 6

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2026 : KAVYAMIMAMSA OF RAJASEKHARA (Answers may be written in Sanskrit or English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used). Number of credits :Four Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To acquaint students with the post Dvani poetician Rajasekara and his main contributions to poetics. Unit I General introduction to texts on Sanskrit Literary criticism - eight schools of Poetics - training of poets in the texts on literary criticism in Sanskrit – Bhamaha – Dandin - Vamana and Rajasekhara - Kavyamimamsa : text, author and date. Unit II Kavyamimamsa Chapter I - IV- intensive study Unit III Kavyamimamsa Chapter V- X - intensive study Unit IV Kavisiksa and workshop criticism in ancient and modern concepts – later thoughts on topics in Sanskrit literary criticism- views of Anandavardhana, Mammata and Jagannatha Pandita. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination- Hour distribution : Unit - I & IV 1 hour Unit - II 2 hours Unit - III 2 hours Reference: 1. Indian Kavya Literature , A.K.Warder, MLBD, New Delhi 2. Kavyamimamsa of Rajasekhara, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, New Delhi: 2002 3. A History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , M. Krishnamacharier, MLBD, New Delhi. 4. Aesthetic Rapture , J.L. Masson and Acyut Patvardhan, MLBD, New Delhi 5. Response to Poetry , G.B. Mohan Thampi, 6. Hrdayasamvadam, Dr. M.S. Menon, Current Books, Thrissur. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6, 2 each from II & III units, 1 each from I & IV units. Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from all units Q 5. Short question, 4 short questions out of 8 from II & III units

33 2027 : SANSKRIT POETICS : KAVYAPRAKASA - PART II (Answers may either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits :Four Course outline : 3 Units Aim and objectives :To acquaint students with the post Dvani poetician Mammata and his main contributions to poetics. Introduce the critical approaches in Sanskrit poetics. Unit I General survey of Sanskrit poetics and aesthetics – history of eastern literary criticism – different schools of Sanskrit poetics from Bharata to Panditaraja Jagannatha. Unit II Kavyaprakasa – the text and author – theories of word meaning – Abhidha, Lakasana and Vyanjana – further divisions – concept of Dosa, Guna, Alankara and other disciplines. Unit III Kavyaprakasa – textual study of Ullasas: 6-10. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour Unit - II 1hour Unit - III 3 hours Reference: 1. Kavyaprakasa of Mammata Bhatta with Sanketa and Madhumati coms., Oriental Research Institute, Mysore: 1974. 2. Kavyaprakasa with Nagesvari Commentary of Harisankarasarma, Chowkamba Sanskrit series – Varanasi. 3. Kavyaprakasa with Sanketa commentary of Acharya Kaundinyayana – Vol II, Chapters VII – X, Oriental Research Institute, Mysore University. 4. Kavyaprakasa with Madhumati commentary of Ravi Bhattacharya Vol II Chapters VII to X Oriental Reasearch Institute, Mysore University. 5. Kavyaprakasa , with Pradipa and Udyota commentaries – Sampoornananda Institute. 6. Kavyaprakasa , with Hymavati commentary of Acharya Kaundinyayana, Chowkamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 7. Kavyadarsa of Dandin, (Ed.) Dharmendrakumar Gupta, Meherchand Lexman Das,Delhi 8. Kavyalankara of Bhamaha, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi 9. Dhvanaloka of Anandavardhana,Jagannatha Pathak , CSS, Varanasi. 10. Kavyalankarasutra of Vamana, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi: 11. History of Sanskrit Poetics, P.V. Kane, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1987. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from III unit Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I & II units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units ------2028 : SAHITYADARPANA OF VISVANATHA (Answers may be written in Sanskrit or English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used). Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce the poeitician Visvanatha and his contribution to students. Unit I General Introduction to Sanskrit literary criticism - eight Schools of Alankarasastra - authors and their works – Sahityadarpana-text, author & date. Unit II Sahityadarpana - Paricchedas I to IV. (Intensive study)

34 Unit III Sahityadarpana - Paricchedas V and VI. (Intensive study) Unit IV Comparative study of Sabdasaktis - Kavyaprayojana – Kavyakarana – Visvanatha’s view with those of others in Sanskrit literary criticism. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I & IV 1 hour, Unit - II 2 hours, Unit - III 2 hours Reference: 1. Sahityadarpana of Visvanatha, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi: 1992 2. Indian Kavya Literature, A.K.Warder, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi: 3. Aesthetic Rapture , J.L. Masson & Acyut Patvardhan, MLBD,New Delhi 4. Pathavum Porulum , Dr.C. Rajendran, Current Books, Thrissur: 5. Kavyalankara of Bhamaha, (Ed) Naganatha Sastry, MLBD, New Delhi: 1991.

Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II & III units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I & IV units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units

2029 : DASARUPAKA OF DHANANJAYA (Answers may be written in Sanskrit or English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used). Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To acquaint the students with the theoretical and practical aspects of dramaturgy. Unit I General introduction to texts on dramaturgy in Sanskrit - Natyasastra of Bharata- Abhinavabharati of Abhinavagupta- Sahityadarpana of Visvanatha- Dasarupaka Author and text. Unit II Dasarupaka chapters one to three (intensive study). Unit III Dasarupaka Chapter Four (intensive study). Unit IV Application of Dasarupakalaksanas in Sanskrit dramas like Ratnavali and Priyadarsika of Sriharsa and Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour Unit - II 2 hours Unit - III 1 hour Unit - IV 1 hour Reference: 1. Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi 2. Venisamhara of Bhattanarayana, (Ed) M.R. Kale, MLBD, New Delhi 3. Ratnavali of Sriharsa 4. Priyadarsika of Sriharsa, MLBD, New Delhi: 5. Abhijnanasakuntala of Kalidasa, (Ed) M.R. Kale, MLBD, New Delhi: 1994 6. Sahityadarpana of Visvanatha, Caukhamba Sanskrit Series:1992 7. Sanskrit Drama , A.B. Keith, MLBD, New Delhi: 8. Living Traditions of Natyasastra , Dr.C. Rajendran, University of Calicut. 9. Indian Kavya Literature , A.K. Warder, MLBD, New Delhi 35 Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II & III units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I & IV units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units ------2030 : SANSKRIT POETICS : PRE - DHVANI PERIOD (Answers may be written in Sanskrit or English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used). Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce Sanskrit poetics prior to Dhvani. Unit I General introduction to Pre-Dhavani period – Alankara, Guna and Riti schools – Bhamaha, Dandin, Vamana, Udbhata, Rudrata – important texts and theories – Kavyalaksana, Kavyakarana, Kavyaprayojana, Kavyavibhajana, Kavyagunas and Kavyadosas. Unit II Kavyalankara of Bhamaha – first chapter - intensive study. Unit III Kavyadarsa – first chapter - intensive study. Unit IV Kavyalankarasutravrtti - first chapter - intensive study. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation (may be based on Unit I) 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours Unit - IV 2 hours Reference: 1. Kavyadarsa of Dandin, text with com., Acarya Sriramachandramisra, Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan, Varanasi 2. Kavyalamkara of Bhamaha, MLBD,New Delhi 3. Kavyalankarasutravrtti of Vamana, Kavyamala, Nirnayasager, Bombay 4. Kavyalamkara of Rudrata, Kavyamala, Nirnayasager, Bombay 5. Udbhatalankara of Udbhata 6. Indian Kavya Literature , A.K. Warder, MLBD,New Delhi 7. History of Sanskrit Poetics, P.V. Kane, MLBD,New Delhi 8. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , M. Krishnamacharyar, MLBD,New Delhi 9. A Critical Study of Dandin and His Works , Dr. Dharmebdra, MLBD,New Delhi 10. History of Sanskrit Poetics, S.K. De, Calcutta 11. Kavyadarsam , (text with Mal. trans.) Prof. R. Vasudevan potti, Kerala Bhasa Institute, 2002 Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II & III units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I & IV units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units *****************

36 MULTISCIPLINARY ELECTIVE COURSES OFFERED TO THE STUDENTS OFOTHER DEPARTMENTS: (Answers may be in written either in Sanskrit or English or Malayalam for all elective papers In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) 1. 2031 - SANSKRIT FOR BEGINNERS 4 Credits 2. 2032 - FAMILIARISING SANSKRIT KAVYA AND NATAKA LITERATURE 4 Credits 3. 2033 - FOUNDATIONS OF SANSKRIT STUDIES 4 Credits 4. 2034 - FUNCTIONAL SANSKRIT 4 Credits 5. 2035 - SANSKRIT DRAMA AND DRAMATURGY 4 Credits 6. 2036 - SANSKRIT AND MUSIC 4 Credits 7. 2037-SANSKRIT LYRICS IN PERFORMING INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCES 4 Credits 8. 2038 - SANSKRIT LITERARY GENRES – THEORIES AND CATEGORIES 4 Credits 9. 2039 - SANSKRIT LITERARY THEORIES 4 Credits 10. 2040 Society, Motivation and Sanskrit (for MSW and other disciplines) 4 Credits 11.2041 LITERARY WORLD OF KALIDASA 4 Credits 12.2042 DRAMATIC WORLD OF BHASA 4 Credits 13. 2043 PLAYS OF BHAVABHUTI 4 Credits 14.2046 - HISTORIOGRAPHY OF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 4 Credits

2031 - SANSKRIT FOR BEGINNERS Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce Sanskrit language and literature to students of other discipline. Target Group : Any non-Sanskrit M.A student. Unit I Basic Grammar - SaÆjµ¡s - Lopa, Anun¡sika, SaÆhit¡, SaÆyoga and Padam Cases – Seven cases of Rama, Guru, Pit¤, M¡t¤, Rema, Asmad, YuÀmad, Yat, Tat, Kim, Hari and Varam, Lak¡ras -Ten Lak¡ras of Root Bh£ and Vand. Unit II History of Sanskrit Literature - Mah¡k¡vyas, Historical K¡vyas, Lyrics, Camp£k¡vyas, R£pakas, Prose, Popular tales, Fables and Ala´k¡ra¿¡stra. Unit III Abhijµ¡na¿¡kuntala of K¡lid¡sa - Caturth¡´ka - Textual study. Unit IV V¡lm¢kir¡m¡ya¸a - Sundarak¡¸·a 1-30 álokas. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 2 hours Unit - II 1hour Unit – III 1 hour Unit - IV 1 hour Reference: 1. Abhijµ¡na¿¡kuntala - K¡lid¡sa 2. A History of Sanskrit Literature -A. A. Macdonell. 3. Contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature - Dr. K. Kunjunni Raja. 4. Laghusiddh¡ntakaumud¢ - Varadar¡j¡c¡rya. 5. R¡m¡ya¸a - V¡lm¢ki 6. R£pacandrik¡ - Ramachandra Jha (Ed.) 7. SaÆsk¤tas¡hityacaritram -Vadakkumkur Rajaraja Varama Raja. 8. Keralas¡hityacaritram - Ullur S. Paramesvara Iyer Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-2. Essays, 2 essays out of 4 from III & IV units Q 3. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from II unit 37 Q 4. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from II, III & IV units Q 5. grammar from unit I questions A part combine 4 out of 6, B part decline 2 out of 4, C part conjugate 2 out of 4. ∗∗∗ 2032 - FAMILIARISING SANSKRIT KAVYA AND NATAKA LITERATURE (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To familiarize students with Sanskrit kavya and nataka literature. Target Groups : M. A. Students other than Sanskrit Sahitya. Unit I General Introduction to Indian K¡vya and N¡¶aka literature. Introducing R¡m¡ya¸a and Mah¡bh¡rata , Major Sanskrit poets who have produced their works, deriving inspiration from R¡m¡ya¸a and Mah¡bh¡rata . Unit II Introducing some major works in D¤¿yak¡vya and áravyak¡vya Literature – Svapnav¡savadattam, Mattavil¡saprahasanam, á¡kuntalam, Mudr¡r¡kÀasam and M¤cchaka¶ikam. Kum¡rasambhavam, R¡m¡ya¸am Sundarak¡¸·am, ár¢k¤À¸avil¡sam, M£Àikavam¿am and Kristubh¡gavatam . Unit III Introducing some portions of selected works of dramas and K¡vyas: Kum¡rasambhava -canto 5 (Brahmac¡r¢prave¿a-30verses), á¡kuntalam Act IV. Írubha´ga, Kir¡t¡rjun¢ya - 10 verses from canto I, M£Àikavam¿a 10 verses from Canto I, Raghuvam¿a 10 verses from Canto 14. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 3 hours Reference: 1. R¡m¡ya¸a - V¡lm¢ki 2. Mah¡bh¡rata - Vy¡sa 3. Indian K¡vya Literature (6 Vols.) - A. K. Warder. 4. Bh¡san¡¶akacakra - Ed. Dr. T. Bhaskaran. 5. Raghuvam¿a - K¡lid¡sa 6. Kum¡rasambhava - K¡lid¡sa 7. Abhijµ¡na¿¡kuntala - K¡lid¡sa. 8. Vikramorva¿¢ya - K¡lid¡sa. 9. M¡lavik¡gnimitra - K¡lid¡sa. 10. Kir¡t¡rjun¢ya - Bh¡ravi 11. Saundarananda – 12. Buddhacarita -A¿vaghoÀa 13. Mudr¡r¡kÀasam – 14. M¤cchaka¶ikam – 15. ár¢k¤À¸avil¡sam - Sukum¡rakavi 16. Keralodayam - K. N. Ezhuthacchan. 17. M£Àikavam¿a - Atula.

38 18. Kristubh¡gavata - P. C. Devassya. 19. N¡¶ya¿¡stra – Bharata 20. History of Sanskrit Literature - A. B. Keith. MLBD, New Delhi 21. History of Sanskrit Literature - A. A. Macdonell. MLBD, New Delhi 22. History of Indian Literature - M. Winternitz. MLBD, New Delhi 23. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature - M. Krishnamachariyar. MLBD, New Delhi Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from all units Q 4. Explanation of slokas 4 out of 8 from Raghuvam¿a, Kum¡rasambhava, Kir¡t¡rjun¢ya and M£Àakavam¿a Q 5. Short notes/annotations, 4 short notes out of 8 from Abhijµ¡na¿¡kuntala, Írubha´ga ***

2033 - FOUNDATIONS OF SANSKRIT STUDIES (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce Sanskrit language and literature to non-Sanskrit students. Unit I Devan¡gar¢ script - Pada - Vibhakti - Dh¡tu- Lak¡ra (tense) Li´ga- Vacana - Avyaya and Sam¡sa, Sandhi etc. Unit II Simple sentences - Anvaya-detailed study of ten álokas of Raghuvam¿a (Sarga I, 1-10). Unit III Life and works of V¡lm¢ki, Vy¡sa, Bh¡sa K¡lid¡sa, áa´kar¡c¡rya, áaktibhadra, B¡¸abha¶¶a, Bhavabh£ti and Melputt£r N¡r¡ya¸abha¶¶a. text study of Narayaniya, Ajamilopakyanam (10 slokas) Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour Unit - II 2 hours Unit - III 2 hours Reference: 1. áabdamaµjar¢ - T. K. Ramachandra Iyer 2. History of Sanskrit Literature -A. B. Keith 3. Indian K¡vya Literature - A. K. Warder. 4. Samsk¤tas¡hityacaritram - Kerala Sahitya Academy (2 Vols.) 5. Works of the concerned writers as mentioned in unit III. 6. Narayaniyam of Melputtur Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-2. Essays, 2 essays out of 4 from III unit Q 3. Explain slokas, 3 out of 5 from Raghuvam¿a Q 4. Explain slokas, 3 out of 5 from Narayaniya. Q 5. Short questions, unit I, A identify Vibhakti, B identify Lakara/Linga/Vacana, C split, D combine ***

39 2032 - FUNCTIONAL SANSKRIT (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Target group : M. A. students of non-Sanskrit faculties. (Basic knowledge of Sanskrit is not needed) Module I: Basic Sanskrit language abilities. How to read and write Sanskrit. Devanagari script. Verse recitation exercises. Module II : Sanskrit literature in general. Introducing major Sanskrit writers like Valmiki, Vyasa, Bhasa, KalidasaBanabhatta. Module III: Technical and Sastraic literature in Sanskrit in general. Module IV: Sanskrit in modern age. Its relevance and influence on other languages and culture

Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Reference: History of Sanskrit Literature, A. B. Keith, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. Samsk¤tas¡hityacaritram (2 Vols.) (Ed.) Dr. K. Kunjunni Raja & Dr. M. S. Menon, Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur. Technical Literature in Sanskrit , Dr. Venkatasubramonia Iyer, Kerala University, TVM. Works of K¡lid¡sa , Bh¡sa, N¡r¡ya¸abha¶¶a, ViÀ¸u¿arma and others. Prakriy¡bh¡Àya , Fr. John Kunnappilli, National Book Stall, Kottayam. á¡stram Intyayil , (2 Vols.), Subh¡Àitaratnabha¸·¡g¡r a, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. Keral¢yasamsk¤tas¡hityacaritram , Vadakkumkoor Rajarajavarma Raja, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady. UGC - Functional Sanskrit (Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan) Bh¡rat¢yaga¸ita¿¡stra , Krishnan Namboothiri.

Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage . Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from allunits Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from all units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units

2035 - SANSKRIT DRAMA AND DRAMATURGY (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives :To introduce basics of Sanskrit dramaturgy. Unit I Introduction to Sanskrit Drama and Dramaturgy, Basic texts of Dramaturgy, like Natyasastra, Abhinayadarpana and Dasarupka - content and matter discussed in texts of Sanskrit Dramaturgy, - a brief sketch of Sanskrit Dramas in General. Unit II Specific study on Rasa theory dealt with in N¡¶ya¿¡stra and explained by Abhinavagupta's Abhinavabh¡rati , Ulpattiv¡da, Anumitiv¡da, Bhuktiv¡da, Abhivyaktiv¡da, S¡dh¡ra¸¢kara¸a, Rasavighnas. Module III : Specific study of an author's text. One drama of Bh¡sa for detailed study. Kar¸abh¡ra . Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 40 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 2 hours Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours Reference: 1. N¡¶ya¿¡stra with Abhinavabh¡rat¢ of Abhinavagupta , Vol. I, Gaekvad Oriental Series, Baroda. 2. Da¿ar£paka of Dhanaµjaya, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 3. Sanskrit Drama , A. B. Keith, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 4. A History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , R. Krishnamacariar, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 5. Thirteen Plays of Bh¡sa (ed.) C. S. Devdhar, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 6. Aesthetic Rapture , J. L. Masson and Acyut Patvardhan, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi. 7. Response to Poetry , G. B. Mohan Thambi. 8. P¡¶havuÆ Poru½um , Dr. C. Rajendran, Current Books, Thrissur. 9. Living Traditions of N¡¶ya¿¡stra , Dr. C. Rajendran. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-2. Essays, 2 essays out of 4 from II & III units Q3. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I unit Q 4. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units Q5. Annotation 4 out of 6 from Karnabhara. ***

2036 - SANSKRITAND MUSIC (Answers may be written either in Sanskrit or in English. In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives : To introduce musicology from Sanskrit sources. Target group : M. A. students Unit I Introduction : Origin of Natya Veda – Natyangas (11) – Nrta – Nrtya – Natya – Concept of Sangita – Nrttam – Vadyam – Ganam. Unit II Sankrit Texts on Musicology: Bharata – Abhinavagupta – Sangitaratnakara Sangitamakaranda – Dattila – Bharatarnavam – Brhadesi – Caturdandi Prakasika Unit III Concept of Svara: Grama – Prastara – Musical – Instruments – Compositions Unit IV Kerala Contribution: Badaramabharata – Krsngiti – Sangita Candrika – Sopana Sangita – Sivagiti

Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 2 hours Unit - III 1 hour, Unit – IV 1 hour Reference: 1. DakÀi¸®ntyan Sa´g¢tam , A. K. Ravindranath, Department of Cultural Publications, Govt. of Kerala, 1998. 2. Encyclopaedia of Indian Music with Special reference to R¡gas , Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1988. 3. Indian Music , A. Pingle, Sri Satguru Publications, Indian Book Centre, Delhi. 4. Kerala Sa´g¢tam , Mali, Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham, Kottayam, 1989. 5. Music in Vedas , G. U. Thite, Sarada Publishing House, Delhi, 1997. 41 6. N¡¶ya¿¡stra , Bharata, Parimal Publications, Delhi, 1994. 7. Ra´galakÀa¸ad¢pik¡ , Dr. S. Bhagyalakshmi, C. S. Publications, TVM, 1996. 8. Rahgasudh¡r¸avam , K. T. Ravindranath, State Institute of Languages, TVM, 1992. 9. Sa´g¢tacandrik¡ , Attoor Krishna Pisharoti, 10. Sa´g¢ta¿¡straprave¿ik¡ , Dr. S. Venkata Subramonia Iyer, State Institute of Languages, TVM, 1974. 11. Sv¡titirun¡½ak¤tika½ , Prof. P. R. Kumarakerala Varama, Dept. of Cultural Publication, Kerala,

Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from allunits Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from all units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units ***

2037 - SANSKRIT LYRICS IN PERFORMING INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCES (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Target group : MA students Unit I Introducing important lyrics in Sanskrit – Meghadutam, Saundaryalahar¢-G¢tagovindam – N¡r¡ya¸¢yam-Stotras of ár¢¿a´kara- other Stotras in Sanskrit - Text Author, Date etc, N¡¶ya¿¡stra, Abhinayadarpa¸am. Unit II Intensive study of some portions of texts in Sanskrit - Ten selected álokas from Saundaryalahar¢ (1-10), G¢tagovindam (I st padam), N¡r¡ya¸¢ya (rasakrida dasaka) and Krsnagiti (I st pada of I st act. Unit III ᤴg¡ra and Bhakti rasa - Vibh¡vas, Anubh¡vas and Vyabhic¡ribh¡vas, delineation of Rasa - other Rasas in Classical dances. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour Unit - II 3 hours Unit - III 1 hour Reference: 1. Saundaryalahar¢ of ár¢¿a´kara. 2. G¢tagovinda of Jayadeva. 3. Dances of India, Dr. B. R. Kishore, Osho Books, Calcutta, 1988. 4. N¡r¡ya¸¢yam with Vanam¡l¡ commentary , Guruvayur Devaswam, Guruvayur. 5. A Dancer on Dance , V. P. Dhananjayan, Bharatakalanjali Academy of Dance and Music, Adyar, 1990. 6. Abhinayadarpa¸a , (Ed.) Dr. C. Rajendran. 7. N¡¶ya¿¡stra, Text with Introduction, English translation and indices , Ed. Dr. N. P. Unni, Nag Publishers, Delhi, IV Vols., 1998. 8. Theatre in East, .. Thomas Nelson and Sons, Ed. London, 1966. 9. N¡¶yama¸·apam , M. P. Sankunni Nair, Mathrubhumi, Calicut, 1987. 10. N¡¶ya¿¡stram , Malayalam translation, Prof. K. P. Narayana Pisharoti. 42 11. N¡¶ya¿¡stra and National Integration , Pdma Subrahmoniam. 12. N¤tta , Prof. Vijayabhama. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-2. Essays, 2 essays out of 4 from I unit Q 3. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from III units Q 4. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units Q 5. Explains slokas, 4 out of 8 from all texts

2038 - SANSKRIT LITERARY GENRES – THEORIES AND CATEGORIES (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives : To introduce Sanskrit poetics prior to Dhvani to students. Unit I Mantras, Itih¡sas, Pur¡¸as, Mah¡k¡vya, Sande¿ak¡vya, Camp£k¡vya, R£pakas, Kath¡, Ëkhy¡yik¡, Stotras, Muktakas. Unit II Specimen study selected portions from Mantras, Itih¡sas, Pur¡¸as these genres. Unit III specimen study of Mah¡k¡vya, Sande¿ak¡vya, Camp£k¡vya, Kath¡, Stotras these genres. Unit IV Ten kinds of Rupakas. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours Unit - IV 2 hours Reference: 1. The Mah¡bh¡rata : A Criticism - C. V. Vaidya. 2. V¡lm¢kir¡m¡ya¸a : An Appreciation - S. Nagaiah. 3. K¡vy¡la´k¡ra - Bh¡maha. 4. K¡vy¡dar¿a - Da¸·in. 5. Keral¢yasaÆsk¤tas¡hityacaritram -Vadakkumkur Rajaraja Varama Raja. 6. S¡hityadarpa¸a - Vi¿van¡tha. 7. SaÆsk¤tas¡hityacaritram -(Kerala Sahitya Academy) 8. Indian K¡vya Literature - A. K. Warder. 9. Îgveda . 10. Raghuvam¿a - K¡lid¡sa 11. R¡m¡ya¸acamp£ of Bhoja 12. N¡¶ya¿¡stra - Bharatamuni. 13. HarÀacarita - B¡¸a. 14. Da¿akum¡racarita - Da¸·in. 15. Saundaryalahar¢ - ár¢¿a´kara 16. Abhijµ¡na¿¡kuntalam - K¡lid¡sa. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from all units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from all units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units 2039 - SANSKRIT LITERARY THEORIES 43 (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives : To introduce Sanskrit poetics. Unit I Rasa, Ala´k¡ra, Gu¸a, R¢ti, Dhvani, Vakrokti,Aucitya, Anum¡na. Unit II Interpretations of Rasa sutra. Unit III significance of Dhvani theory. Unit IV The significance of Sanskrit literary theory today. (with reference to Malayalam literature - a special study) Text : Rasakaumud¢ by Poojappura Krishnan Nair. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - I 1 hour, Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours, Unit - IV 1 hour Reference: 1. N¡¶ya¿¡stra - Bharatamuni 2. K¡vy¡la´k¡ra - Bh¡maha. 3. K¡vy¡dar¿a - Da¸·in 4. Dhvany¡loka - Ënandavardhana 5. Vakroktij¢vita - Kuntaka 6. Aucityavic¡racarc¡ - KÀemendra. 7. Vyaktiviveka - Mahimabha¶¶a. 8. History of Sanskrit Poetics - P. V. Kane. 9. Comparative Aesthetics - K. C. Pandey. 10. Bh¡rat¢yak¡vya¿¡stras - Dr. T. Bhaskaran. 11. A Study of Stylistics in Sanskrit Poetics with special reference to Kuntaka - Dr. T. Vasudevan. 12. Mahimabha¶¶a's Vyaktiviveka - Dr. C. Rajendran. 13. K¡vyaprak¡¿a - Mamma¶a. 14. Indian Sahityasiddh¡nta´´a½ : PrasaktiyuÆ S¡ddhyatayuÆ - Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage. Answer any five questions out of eight without omitting the last one. (short answers part I&II) Q 1-7. Essays Q 8. Short questions part A&B. Authors and texts answer 5 without omitting part A &B.

PSAM 2040 Society, Motivation and Sanskrit Unit I: Social service Traditions of Indian Culture. The concept of fraternity and equality in the Vedas, UpaniÀads - vasudhaiva ku¶umbakam - the á¡ntimantras-well being of all living beings-PuruÀ¡rthas-four Ë¿ramas-reconciliation of spiritual and material values - social ethics. Unit II :Basic Sanskrit

44 Introducing the Sanskrit language and its importance-Devan¡gar¢ script-alphabet- forming of words-types of words-vibhakti and their meaning-tense forms-explanation of anta, li´ga, vibhakti - puruÀa, vacana, dh¡tu, lak¡ra and avyaya - the formation of simple sentences, the subject, object, verb, adjectives, transliterations with diacritical marks etc. Unit III:Selected verses from Îgveda and UpaniÀads endowed with the concepts like community life, brotherhood, charity, fraternity etc. 1. xÉ ´ÉÉ = näù´ÉÉ& IÉÖvÉʨÉuùùvÉxnùnÖù- ¯ûiÉÉʶÉiɨÉÖ{ÉMÉSUÎxiÉ ¨ÉÞiªÉ´É&* =iÉÉä ®úʪÉ& {ÉÞhÉiÉÉä xÉÉä{ÉnùºªÉ- iªÉÖiÉÉ{ÉÞÞhÉxÉ ¨ÉÌb÷iÉÉ®Æú xÉÊ´ÉxnùiÉ** 2. xÉ +ÉwÉÉªÉ SÉEò¨ÉÉxÉÉªÉ Ê{Éi´ÉÉä%- zÉ´ÉÉxÉ ºÉxÉ ®úÊ¡òiÉɪÉÉä{ÉVÉM¨ÉÖ¹Éä* κlÉ®Æú ¨ÉxÉ& EÞòhÉÖiÉä ºÉä´ÉiÉä {ÉÖ®úÉä- iÉÉäÊSÉiÉ ºÉ ¨ÉÌb÷iÉÉ®Æú xÉ Ê´ÉxnùiÉä** 3. ºÉ

46 {É®úÉä{ÉEòÉ®ú& {ÉÖhªÉÉªÉ {ÉÉ{ÉÉªÉ {É®ú{ÉÒb÷xɨÉÂ** 9. +pùÉä½þ& ºÉ´ÉǦÉÚiÉä¹ÉÖ Eò¨ÉÇhÉÉ ¨ÉxɺÉÉ ÊMÉ®úÉ* +xÉÖOɽþ¶SÉ nùÉxÉÆ SÉ B¹É vɨÉÇ ºÉxÉÉiÉxÉ&** 10. ¸ÉÚªÉiÉÉÆ vɨÉǺɴÉǺ´ÉÆ ¸ÉÖi´ÉÉ SÉÉ{ªÉ´ÉvÉɪÉÇiÉɨÉÂ* +Éi¨ÉxÉ& |ÉÊiÉEÚò±ÉÉÊxÉ {É®äú¹ÉÉÆ xÉ ºÉ¨ÉÉSÉ®äúiÉÂ** 11. ªÉκ¨ÉxÉ Eò¨ÉÇhªÉxiÉ®úÉi¨ÉÉ ÊGòªÉ¨ÉÉhÉÉä |ɺÉÒnùÊiÉ* iÉnäù´É Eò¨ÉÇ EòiÉÇ´ªÉÆ Ê´É{É®úÒiÉÆ xÉ iÉiÉ C´ÉÊSÉiÉÂ** 12. =t¨ÉäxÉ Ê½þ ʺÉnÂùvªÉÎxiÉ EòɪÉÉÇÊhÉ xÉ ¨ÉxÉÉä®úlÉè&* xÉ Ê½þ ºÉÖ{iɺªÉ ˺ɽþºªÉ |ÉʴɶÉÎxiÉ ¨ÉÖJÉä ¨ÉÞMÉÉ&** 13. =tÉäÊMÉxÉÆ {ÉÖ¯û¹É˺ɽþ¨ÉÖ{ÉèÊiÉ ±ÉI¨ÉÒ& nèù´ÉäxÉ näùªÉʨÉÊiÉ EòÉ{ÉÖ¯û¹ÉÉ ´ÉnùÎxiÉ* nèù´ÉÆ ÊxɽþiªÉ EÖò¯û {ÉÉè¯û¹É¨ÉÉi¨É¶ÉCiªÉÉ ªÉixÉä EÞòiÉä ªÉÊnù xÉ ÊºÉnÂùvªÉÊiÉ EòÉä%jÉ nùÉä¹É&** 14. +ɱɺªÉÆ Ê½þ ¨ÉxÉÖ¹ªÉÉhÉÉÆ ¶É®úÒ®úºlÉÉää ¨É½þÉÊ®ú{ÉÖ&* xÉɺiªÉÖt¨ÉºÉ¨ÉÉä ¤ÉxvÉÖ& EÞòi´ÉÉ ªÉÆ xÉɴɺÉÒnùÊiÉ** 15. +±ÉºÉºªÉ EÖòiÉÉä Ê´ÉtÉ +Ê´ÉtºªÉ EÖòiÉÉä vÉxɨÉÂ* +vÉxɺªÉ EÖòiÉÉä ʨÉjɨÉʨÉjɺªÉ EÖòiɺºÉÖJɨÉÂ** 16. ºÉ½þºÉÉ Ê´ÉnùvÉÒiÉ xÉ ÊGòªÉɨÉÊ´É´ÉäEò& {É®ú¨ÉÉ{ÉnùÉÆ {Énù¨ÉÂ* ´ÉÞhÉÖiÉä ʽþ ʴɨÉÞ¶ªÉEòÉÊ®úhÉÆ MÉÖhɱÉÖ¤vÉÉ& º´ÉªÉ¨Éä´É ºÉ¨{Énù&** 17. xÉ EòζSÉnùÊ{É VÉÉxÉÉÊiÉ ËEò EòºªÉ ·ÉÉä ¦ÉʴɹªÉÊiÉ* +iÉ& ·É& Eò®úhÉÒªÉÉÊxÉ EÖòªÉÉÇnùtè´É ¤ÉÖÊrù¨ÉÉxÉÂ** 18. iÉIÉEòºªÉ ʴɹÉÆ nùxiÉä ¨ÉÊIÉEòɪÉÉ& ʴɹÉÆ Ê¶É®ú&* ´ÉÞζSÉEòºªÉ ʴɹÉÆ {ÉÖSUäô ºÉ´ÉÉÇRÂóMÉä nÖùVÉÇxÉÉä ʴɹɨÉÂ** 19. xÉ nÖùVÉÇxÉ& ºÉVVÉxÉiÉɨÉÖ{ÉèÊiÉ& ¤É½Öþ|ÉEòÉ®èú®úÊ{É ºÉ䴪ɨÉÉxÉ&* ¦ÉÚªÉÉä%Ê{É ÊºÉHÆò {ɪɺÉÉ PÉÞiÉäxÉ Êxɨ¤É´ÉÞIÉä ¨ÉvÉÖ®úi´É¨ÉäÊiÉ** 20. ={Énäù¶ÉÉä ʽþ ¨ÉÚJÉÉÇhÉÉÆ |ÉEòÉä{ÉÉªÉ xÉ ¶ÉÉxiɪÉä* {ɪÉ&{ÉÉxÉÆ ¦ÉÖVÉRÂóMɺªÉ Eäò´É±ÉÆ Ê´É¹É´ÉvÉÇxɨÉÂ** 21. ={ÉEòÉÊ®ú¹ÉÖ ªÉ& ºÉÉvÉÖ& ºÉÉvÉÖi´Éä iɺªÉ EòÉä MÉÖhÉ&* ={ÉEòÉÊ®ú¹ÉÖ ªÉ& ºÉÉvÉÖ& ºÉ ºÉÉvÉÖ ºÉÎnÂù¦É¯ûSªÉiÉä** 22. |ÉlɨɴɪÉ漃 {ÉÒiÉÆ iÉÉäªÉ¨É±{ÉÆ º¨É®úxiÉ& ʶɮú漃 ÊxÉʽþiɦÉÉ®ú& xÉÉÊ®úEäò±ÉÉ& xÉ®úÉhÉɨÉÂ* nùnùÊiÉ VɱɨÉxɱ{ɺ´ÉÉnù¨ÉÉVÉÒ´ÉxÉÉxiÉÆ xÉ Ê½þ EÞòiɨÉÖ{ÉEòÉ®Æú ºÉÉvÉ´ÉÉä ʴɺ¨É®úÎxiÉ** 23. ¦É´ÉÎxiÉ xÉ©ÉɺiÉ®ú´É& ¡ò±ÉÉMɨÉè& xÉ´Éɨ¤ÉÖʦÉnÚÇù®úʴɱÉΨ¤ÉxÉÉä PÉxÉÉ&* +xÉÖrùiÉÉ& ºÉi{ÉÖ¯û¹ÉÉ& ºÉ¨ÉÞÊrùʦÉ& º´É¦ÉÉ´É B´Éè¹É {É®úÉä{ÉEòÉÊ®úhÉɨÉÂ** 24. +É®ú¦ªÉiÉä xÉ JɱÉÖ Ê´ÉPxɦɪÉäxÉ ¨ÉÚfèø& +É®ú¦ªÉ Ê´ÉPxÉʴɽþiÉÉ& Ê´É®ú¨ÉÎxiÉ ¨ÉvªÉÉ&* Ê´ÉPxÉè& {ÉÖxÉ& {ÉÖxÉ®úÊ{É |ÉÊiɽþxªÉ¨ÉÉxÉÉ& |ÉÉ®ú¤vɨÉÖkɨÉMÉÖhÉÉ& xÉ {ÉÊ®úiªÉVÉÎxiÉ** 25. =näùÊiÉ ºÉÊ´ÉiÉÉ iÉÉ©É& iÉÉ©É B´ÉɺiɨÉäÊiÉ SÉ* ºÉ¨{ÉkÉÉè SÉ Ê´É{ÉkÉÉè SÉ ¨É½þiÉɨÉäEò°ü{ÉiÉÉ** 26. +ªÉÆ ÊxÉVÉ& {É®úÉä ´ÉäÊiÉ MÉhÉxÉÉ ±ÉPÉÖSÉäiɺÉɨÉÂ* =nùÉ®úSÉÊ®úiÉÉxÉÉÆ iÉÖ ´ÉºÉÖvÉè´É EÖò]Öõ¨¤ÉEò¨ÉÂ** 27. ªÉÖÊHòªÉÖHò¨ÉÖ{ÉÉnäùªÉÆ ´ÉSÉxÉÆ ¤ÉɱÉEòÉnùÊ{É* +xªÉkÉÞhÉÊ¨É´É iªÉÉVªÉ¨É{ªÉÖHÆò {ÉnÂù¨ÉVÉx¨ÉxÉÉ** 28. ʴɽþÉªÉ {ÉÉè¯û¹ÉÆ ªÉÉä ʽþ nèù´É¨Éä´Éɴɱɨ¤ÉiÉä* 47 |ÉɺÉÉnù˺ɽþ´ÉkɺªÉ ¨ÉÚÐvxÉ Êiɹ`öÎxiÉ ´ÉɪɺÉÉ&** 29. +ÉSÉɪÉÇ& ºÉ´ÉÇSÉä¹]õɺÉÖ ±ÉÉäEò B´É ʽþ vÉÒ¨ÉiÉ&* +xÉÖEÖòªÉÉÇkɨÉä´ÉÉiÉÉä ±ÉÉèÊEòEäò%lÉæ {É®úÒIÉEò&** 30. xÉ ºÉƶɪɨÉxÉɯûÁ xÉ®úÉä ¦ÉpùÉÊhÉ {ɶªÉÊiÉ* ºÉƶɪÉÆ {ÉÖxÉ®úɯûÁ ªÉÊnù VÉÒ´ÉÊiÉ {ɶªÉÊiÉ* 31. ´ÉÞiÉÆ ªÉixÉäxÉ ºÉÆ®úIÉäiÉ ʴÉkɨÉäÊiÉ SÉ ªÉÉÊiÉ SÉ* +IÉÒhÉÉä Ê´ÉkÉiÉ& IÉÒhÉÉä ´ÉÞkÉiɺiÉÖ ½þiÉÉä ½þiÉ&** 32. xÉGò& º´ÉºlÉÉxɨÉɺÉÉt MÉVÉäxpù¨ÉÊ{É Eò¹ÉÇÊiÉ* ºÉ B´É |ÉSªÉÖiÉÉä ºlÉÉxÉÉiÉ ¶ÉÖxÉÉÊ{É {ÉÊ®ú¦ÉÚªÉiÉä** 33. |ÉiªÉªÉÆ |ÉiªÉ´ÉäIÉäiÉ xÉ®ú¶SÉÊ®úiɨÉÉi¨ÉxÉ&* ËEò xÉÖ ¨Éä {ɶÉÖʦɺiÉÖ±ªÉÆ ËEò xÉÖ ºÉi{ÉÖ¯û¹ÉèÊ®úÊiÉ** 34. ÊSÉxiÉxÉÒªÉÉ Ê½þ Ê´É{ÉnùɨÉÉnùÉ´Éä´É |ÉÊiÉÊGòªÉÉ* xÉ EÚò{ÉJÉxÉxÉÆ ªÉÖHÆò |ÉnùÒ{iÉä ´ÉμxÉxÉÉ MÉÞ½äþ** 35. ºÉ¨{ÉÚhÉÇEÖò¨¦ÉÉä xÉ Eò®úÉäÊiÉ ¶É¤nù¨É +rùÉæ PÉ]õÉä PÉÉä¹É¨ÉÖ{ÉèÊiÉ xÉÚxɨÉÂ* Ê´ÉuùÉxÉ EÖò±ÉÒxÉÉä xÉ Eò®úÉäÊiÉ MÉ´ÉÈ Vɱ{ÉÎxiÉ ¨ÉÚføɺiÉÖ MÉÖhÉè̴ɽþÒxÉÉ&** 36. {ÉÉ{ÉÉÊzÉ´ÉÉ®úªÉÊiÉ ªÉÉäVɪÉiÉä ʽþiÉÉªÉ MÉÖÁÉÊxÉ MÉɽþÊiÉ MÉÖhÉÉxÉ |ÉEò]õÒEò®úÉäÊiÉ* +É{ÉnÂùMÉiÉÆ SÉ xÉ VɽþÉÊiÉ nùnùÉÊiÉ EòɱÉä ºÉÎx¨ÉjɱÉIÉhÉʨÉnÆù |É´ÉnùÎxiÉ ºÉxiÉ&** 37. iªÉVÉänäùEÆò EÖò±ÉºªÉÉlÉæ OÉɨɺªÉÉlÉæ EÖò±ÉÆ iªÉVÉäiÉÂ* OÉɨÉÆ VÉxÉ{ÉnùºªÉÉlÉæ ÁÉi¨ÉÉlÉæ {ÉÞÊlÉ´ÉÓ iªÉVÉäiÉÂ** 38. ºÉ´Éæ IɪÉÉxiÉÉ ÊxÉSɪÉÉ& {ÉiÉxÉÉxiÉÉ& ºÉ¨ÉÖSUÅôªÉÉ&* ºÉƪÉÉäMÉÉ& Ê´É|ɪÉÉäMÉÉxiÉÉ& ºÉ®ú..xiÉÆ SÉ VÉÒÊ´ÉiɨÉÂ** 39. +ºÉÖxÉä¹ÉÖ ºÉxÉÉÊ{ɹ]Æõ ¶ÉÖ¦Éä¹´Éä´ÉÉ´ÉiÉÉ®úªÉäiÉÂ* |ɪÉixÉÉiÉ ÊSÉkÉʨÉiªÉä¹É ºÉ´ÉǦÉÚiÉÉlÉǺÉÆOɽþ&** 40. +ºÉxiÉÉä¹É& {É®Æú nÖù&JÉÆ ºÉxiÉÉä¹É& {É®ú¨ÉÆ ºÉÖJɨÉÂ* ºÉÖJÉÉlÉÔ {ÉÖ¯û¹ÉºiÉÉ´ÉiÉ ºÉxiÉÖ¹]õ& ºÉiÉiÉÆ ¦É´ÉäiÉÂ** 41. ºÉÖJÉÆ Ê½þ nÖù&JÉÉxªÉxÉÖ¦ÉÚªÉ ¶ÉÉä¦ÉiÉä PÉxÉÉxiÉEòÉ®äúι´É´É nùÒ{Énù¶ÉÇxɨÉÂ* ºÉÖJÉÉSSÉ ªÉÉä ªÉÉÊiÉ xÉ®úÉä nùÊ®úpùiÉɨÉ vÉÞiÉ& ¶É®úÒ®äúhÉ ¨ÉÞiÉ& ºÉ VÉÒ´ÉÊiÉ** 42. IɨÉÉ ¤É±É¨É¶ÉHòÉxÉÉÆ ¶ÉHòÉxÉÉÆ ¦ÉÚ¹ÉhÉÆ IɨÉÉ* IɨÉÉ ´É¶ÉÒEÞòÊiɱÉÉæEäò IɨɪÉÉ ËEò xÉ ÊºÉnÂùvªÉÊiÉ** 43. +±{ÉÉxÉɨÉÊ{É ´ÉºiÉÚxÉÉÆ ºÉƽþÊiÉ& EòɪÉǺÉÉÊvÉEòÉ* iÉÞhÉèMÉÖÇhÉi´É¨ÉÉ{ÉzÉè& ´É¨ªÉxiÉä ¨ÉkÉnùÎxiÉxÉ&** 44. |ÉÒhÉÉÊiÉ& ªÉ& ºÉÖSÉÊ®úiÉè& Ê{ÉiÉ®Æú ºÉ {ÉÖjÉÉä ªÉnÂù¦ÉiÉÖÇ®äú´É ʽþiÉʨÉSUôÊiÉ iÉiÉ Eò±ÉjɨÉÂ* iÉÎx¨ÉjɨÉÉ{ÉÊnù ºÉÖJÉä SÉ ºÉ¨ÉÊGòªÉÆ ºªÉÉiÉ BiÉiÉ jɪÉÆ VÉMÉÊiÉ {ÉÖhªÉEÞòiÉÉä ±É¦ÉxiÉä** 45. nùÉÊ®úpù¬ÉiÉ {ÉÖ¯û¹ÉºªÉ ¤ÉÉxvÉ´ÉVÉxÉÉä ´ÉÉCªÉä xÉ ºÉÎxiɹ`öiÉä ºÉÖκxÉMvÉÉ& ʴɨÉÖJÉҦɴÉÎxiÉ ºÉÖ¾þnù& º¡òÉ®úҦɴÉxiªÉÉ{Énù&* ºÉi´ÉÆ ¿ÉºÉ¨ÉÖ{ÉèÊiÉ ¶ÉұɶÉʶÉxÉ& EòÉÎxiÉ& {ÉÊ®ú¨±ÉɪÉiÉä {ÉÉ{ÉÆ Eò¨ÉÇ SÉ ªÉiÉ {É®èú®úÊ{É EÞòiÉÆ iÉkɺªÉ ºÉƦÉÉ´ªÉiÉä** 46. ÊxÉxnùxiÉÖ xÉÒÊiÉÊxÉ{ÉÖhÉÉ& ªÉÊnù ´ÉÉ ºiÉÖ´ÉxiÉÖ 48 ±ÉI¨ÉÒ& ºÉ¨ÉÉʴɶÉiÉÖ MÉSUôiÉÖ ´ÉÉ ªÉlÉäSUô¨ÉÂ* +tè´É ´ÉÉ ¨É®úhɨɺiÉÖ ªÉÖMÉÉxiÉ®äú ´ÉÉ xªÉɪªÉÉiÉ {ÉlÉ& |ÉÊ´ÉSɱÉÎxiÉ {ÉnÆù xÉ vÉÒ®úÉ&** 47. ªÉÉ´Éiº´ÉºlÉʨÉnÆù ¶É®úÒ®ú¨É¯ûVÉÆ ªÉÉ´ÉVVÉ®úÉ nÚù®úiÉÉä ªÉÉ´ÉSSÉäÎxpùªÉ¶ÉÊHò®ú|ÉÊiɽþiÉÉ ªÉÉ´ÉiÉ IɪÉÉä xÉɪÉÖ¹É&* +Éi¨É¸ÉäªÉ漃 iÉÉ´Énäù´É Ê´ÉnÖù¹ÉÉ EòɪÉÇ& |ɪÉixÉÉä ¨É½þÉxÉ ºÉÆnùÒ{iÉä ¦É´ÉxÉä iÉÖ EÚò{ÉJÉxÉxÉÆ |ÉiªÉÖt¨É& EòÒoù¶É&** 48. EäòªÉÚ®úÉÊhÉ xÉ ¦ÉڹɪÉÎxiÉ {ÉÖ¯û¹ÉÆ ½þÉ®úÉ xÉ SÉxpùÉäVV´É±ÉÉ xÉ ºxÉÉxÉÆ xÉ Ê´É±Éä{ÉxÉÆ xÉ EÖòºÉÖ¨ÉÆ xÉɱÉRÂóEÞòiÉÉ ¨ÉÚvÉÇVÉÉ&* ´ÉÉhªÉäEòÉ ºÉ¨É±ÉRÂóEò®úÉäÊiÉ {ÉÖ¯û¹ÉÆ ªÉÉ ºÉƺEÞòiÉÉ vÉɪÉÇiÉä IÉÒªÉxiÉä%ÊJɱɦÉÚ¹ÉhÉÉÊxÉ ºÉiÉiÉÆ ´ÉÉM¦ÉÚ¹ÉhÉÆ ¦ÉÚ¹ÉhɨÉÂ** 49. iÉÞ¹hÉÉÆ ÊUôÎxvÉ ¦ÉVÉ IÉhÉÉÆ VÉʽþ ¨ÉnÆù {ÉÉ{Éä ®úËiÉ ¨ÉÉ EÞòlÉÉ& ºÉiªÉÆ ¥ÉÚÁxÉÖªÉÉʽþ ºÉÉvÉÖ{Énù´ÉÓ ºÉä´Éº´É Ê´ÉuùVVÉxÉÉxÉÂ* ¨ÉÉxªÉÉxÉ ¨ÉÉxÉªÉ Ê´ÉÊuù¹ÉÉä{ªÉxÉÖxÉªÉ ´ªÉÉSUôÉnùªÉ º´ÉÉxÉ MÉÖhÉÉxÉ EòÒÍiÉ {ÉÉ±ÉªÉ nÖù&ÊJÉiÉä EÖò¯û nùªÉɨÉäiÉiÉ ºÉiÉÉÆ ±ÉIÉhɨÉÂ** 50. EòÉä%½Æþ EòÉè näù¶ÉEòɱÉÉè ºÉ¨ÉʴɹɨÉMÉÖhÉÉ& Eäò%®úªÉ& Eäò ºÉ½þɪÉÉ& EòÉ ¶ÉÊHò& EòÉä%¦ªÉÖ{ÉɪÉ& ¡ò±Éʨɽþ SÉ ÊEòªÉiÉ EòÒoù¶ÉÒ nèù´ÉºÉ¨{ÉiÉÂ* ºÉ¨{ÉkÉÉè EòÉä ÊxɤÉxvÉ& |ÉÊ´ÉÊnùiÉ´ÉSÉxɺªÉÉäkÉ®Æú ËEò xÉÖ ¨Éä ºªÉéiÉÂ

2041 THE LITERARY WORLD OF KALIDASA .

Number of credits : Four Course outline : 4 Units Aim and objectives :To familiarise the students the poetic effort taken by the great celebrity poet Kalidasa giving an overall awareness of his literary world. To enable the students to enjoy the ornamental and affluent style and the deep rooted attachment of the poet towards nature. UNIT I Introduction to Indian Kavya literature; Literary traditions; Classical poets: Bhasa- Kalidasa-Bhavabhooti-Sudraka-Sriharsha-Bharavi-Magha; Date of Kalidasa-Different opinions on the date of Kalidasa- legends on Kalidasa –Suktis on Kalidasa-; A general introduction to Kalidasa’s works; Critics on Kalidasa; Influence of Kalidasa on later Literature. UNIT II A general study of Khanda kavyas of Kalidasa. Meghasandesa and Rtusamhara- Kalidasa’s Poetic style - Poetic beauty, Nature depicted by Kalidasa-Enviornment and cycle of rtus presented by Kalidasa- Geographical importance of the two Kavyas. UNIT III Mahakavyas of Kalidasa - A general Study. Content and style of Kumarasambhava and Raghuvamsa .Literary merits of the mahakavyas. Kalidasas Varananpatavam UNIT IV Dramas of Kalidasa .Content and merits of the three Drsya kavyas. Vikramorvasiya-Malavikagnimitra-Abhinjana Sakuntala. Source and deviations of the dramas . Intensive Study 1. IV& V Acts of Abhinjana Sakuntala. 2. Meghasandesa First 10 verses 3. Kumarasambhava First 10 verses. Pattern of Question paper 1. One essay from Unit-II 2. One essay from Unit-III 49 3. One essay from Unit-IV 4. Two short essays from Unit I 5. Translation into English or Malayalam 3 verses out of five (Verses from the texts of intensive study only)

Reference 1. Kalidasa in Modern Sanskrit Literature, Satya Vrat Shastry, Eastern Book Linkers, Delhi-1991. 2. The Complete Works of Kalidasa- (Poems) – English Translation of the text by Dr.N.P.Unni, New Bharatiya Book Borporation, Delhi. 2009. 3 The Complete Works of Kalidasa (Dramas)- English Translation by Dr. N.P.Unni, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, Delhi .2009. 4. Facets of Sanskrit Literature, Dr. K.Vijayan ,Trivandrum,1990. 5.Sanskrit Drama, A.B.Keith, Clarendon Press,Oxford,1924. 6. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature,M.Krishanamahariar,Mottilal Benarsidass, Delhi,1970. 7. The Meghaduta of Kalidasa, (Ed) M.R.Kale Mottilal Banarsidass, 1999. 8. Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa (Ed) M.R.Kale, Mottilal Banrssidass,Delhi 1997. 9. Kumarasambhava of Kalidasa (Ed) Devatar. C.R, Mottilal Banarssidass Delhi,1997. 10. Rtusamhara of Kalidasa (Ed) M.R.Kale. 11.Vikramoorvasiya of Kalidasa (Ed) M.R.Kale, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1991. 12. Malavikagnimitra Of Kalidasa (Ed) Devadhar Mottilal Banarsidass,1987. 13. Abhinjanasakuntala of Kalidasa (Ed) M.R.Kale Mottilal Banarssidas Delhi.1994 14.New Experiments in Kalidasa (Plays) Satya Vrat Shastri, Eastern Book Linkers,1994. 15. Indian Kavya Literature-A.K. Warder 16. Juridical Studies in Kalidasa, S.P.Narang R.S.K.S, Delhi,1996. 17. Sanskrit Drama in Theory and Practice. Dr.S.S. Janaki. R.S.K.S, Delhi 1995. 18. Historical Survey of Sanskrit Mahakavyas, L. Salochanaderi, Kanishka Publishing House, Delhi, 1992. 19. Six Lectures on Raghuvamsa, Punnasseri Nimbi Neelakantha Sarma, Govt. Sanskrit College, Tripunnitura, 1993. 20. Works Of Kalidasa (Ed.), Devadhar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2010. 21. Kumarasambhava (Ed.), Ravindrakumar Pande, Bharatiya Kala Prakasan, Delhi, 1999. 22. Meghaduta Revisited, Dr. Braja Sundar Misra Vidyamidhi Prakasan, Delhi, 2004. 23. Abhijnanasakuntalas (Ed.), A.B. Gajendragadhar, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, Delhi, 2004. 24. Malavikagnimitra Of Kalidasa (Ed.), R.P. Kumarkar, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Pratishtan, Delhi, 2002.

2042 THE DRAMATIC WORLD OF BHASA (Answers may Written in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam ) In writing Sanskrit Devanagari script should be used.) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 units Unit I General introduction-Sanskrit Drama: origin and development –Asvaghosha- Kalidasa-Bhavabhuti –Sudraka- Visakahadatta-Bhattanarayana- Sakthibhadra-. Unit II T. Ganapati Sastri- 13 plays of Trivandrum Series- Views of modern researchers- Characteristics of the Plays- Bhasa plays on Kerala Stage. Unit III Content and merits of the Udayana plays , Balacharita – the Krsna episode by Bhasa, Avimaraka and Carudatta-the legendry fiction of Bhasa, the dramatic moments and the depiction of rasa. Unit IV Ramayana plays and Mahabharata plays- Content and characters, the dramatic moments and the depiction of rasa. Unit V I. Svpnavasavadatta . (General Study) 2. Urubhanga. (General Study)

50 Pattern of Question paper. 1. One essay out of two from Unit – II 2. One essay out of two from Unit- III 3. One essay out of Two from Units- I &V 4. Two Short essays out of four from Unit-IV 5. Shortnotes four out of six from all units.

Reference 1. New problems of Bhasa plays -N.P.Unni. Nag Publication, Delhi. 2. Bhasa Afresh , Dr.N.P.Unni, Nag publishers, Dlhi, 2000 3. Complete works of Bhasa , C.R Danakar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 4. Sanskrit Drama in Performance , (Ed.) Rachel Van M Baumer & James R Brandon, MLBD New Delhi : 1993. 5. New Problems of Bhasa Plays , N.P. Unni, Nag Publication, Delhi. 6. Bhasa Afresh , Dr. N. P. Unni, Nag Publishers, Delhi, 2000 7. Complete Works of Bhasa, C.R. Danakar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 8. Sanskrit Drama in Performance , (Ed.) Rachel Van M Baumer & James R Brandon, MLBD New Delhi: 1993 9. Bhasanatakasarvasvam, Dr. Sudhamsu Chadurvedi. 10. Bhasa - A Study , A. D. Pusalkar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 11. Sanskrit Drama - Its Origin and Decline , Indu Shekhar. 12. The Theatres of Bharata and Some Aspects of Sanskrit PlayProduction, Govarddhan Panchal. 13. Pratimanataka of Bhasa, (Ed.) M.R. Kale. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 14. Brhadsamskrtanibhandhakalika, Pandit Sivaprssad Dvivedi. 15. Bhasanatakachakram , (Ed.) Dr. T. Bhaskaran, Manuscript Library, Kerala University Thiruvananthapuram. 16. Bhasabharatam, Kavalam Narayana Panikkar.

2043 PLAYS OF BHAVABHUTI

Number of credits :4 Course outline : 4credits Target group : Unit I Introduction to Sanskrit Drama and Dramaturgy. Unit II A brief sketch of Sanskrit dramas and dramatists in general Unit III The plays of Bhavabhuti and Indian dramatic concept Unit IV Intensive study of Bhavabhuti’s plays – Uttararamacarita and Malatimadhava (first two acts from each) Evaluation : Internal: 1 Credit for assignment, seminar presentation 1 credit for mid –term examination External : 2 credits for semester examination Reference 1. Bhasanatakacakram, T. Bhaskaran, Tiruvananthapuram. 2. Bhavabhuti’s Malatimadhava , Kale, Delhi. 3. Critiques on Sanskrit Dramas , Sadashiv A. Dange & Sindhu S. Dange, Delhi. 4. Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya , Chawkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 5. Dramatic Concepts – Greek and Indian, Bharat Gupt, New Delhi. 6. Living Tradition of Natyasastra , Dr. C. Rajendran. 7. Malatimadhava , Ramakrishnan Gopal, Bhandarkar, Pankaj Publication, Delhi. 8. Natyasastra of Bharatamuni, Delhi. 9. Natyasastra, Ascribed To Bharatamuni, Chawkhamba Sanskrit Series. 10. Natyasastra , Gackrad Oriental Series, Baroda. 11. Sanskrit Drama – Its Aesthetics and Production , Dr. V. Raghavan, Madras. 12. Sanskrit Drama , A.B. Keith, Motilal Banarsidass. 51 13. Sanskrit Drama: Essays in Revalution , Madhu Sudan Pati, Delhi. 14. Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India, Terla Mehta, Delhi. 15. Studies in the Natyasastra, G.H. Therlakar, Delhi. 16. Thirteen Plays Of Bhasa, A.C. Woolner, Motilal Banarsidass. 17. Uttararamcaritam , Chawkhamba Publication, Varanasi. 18. Works of Kalidasa, C.K. Devadhar, Delhi.

2046 - HISTORIOGRAPHY OF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (Answers may be either in Sanskrit, English or Malayalam) Number of credits : 4 Course outline : 4 Units. Aim and objectives : To introduce Sanskrit poetics prior to Dhvani. Target group : M. A. students of History. Unit I Introduction to Sanskrit language - reading and writing abilities of Devan¡gar¢ script – Working knowledge of Sanskrit. Unit II A short survey of Sanskrit literature - Vedic literature - The four Vedas - Br¡hma¸as – Ëra¸yakas - UpaniÀads - Nature and content of these texts. Unit III Classical literature - Epic literature - Philosophical literature and Technical literature in Sanskrit - a brief survey of these areas with special reference to Kerala. Unit IV Historical evidences from Sanskrit literary works - a survey of Historical K¡vyas in Sanskrit with special reference to Kerala - detailed study of fist Canto of Keralodaya of Dr. K. N. Ezhuthacchan. Evaluation : Internal : 1 credit for assignment/seminar presentation 1 credit for mid-term examination External : 2 credits for end semester examination Hour distribution : Unit - II 1 hour Unit - III 2 hours Unit - IV 2 hours Reference: 1. A History of Sanskrit Literature , A. A. Macdonell, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, New Delhi, 1997. 2. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature , M. Krishnamacariar, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1989. 3. History of Indian Literature , Vol. 1-3, Maurice Winternitz, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 4. Indian K¡vya Literature , Vol. 1-5, A. K. Warder, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1972. 5. Keralas¡hityacaritram , Ullur S. Paramesvara Iyer, Kerala University, 1990. 6. A History of Vedic Literature , S. N. Sharma, The Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 1973. 7. The Cultural Heritage of India , Vol. 1-6, The Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture, Culcutta, first edition three volumes, 1937. Revised Enlarged edition (independent volumes),1958. 8. Keralodaya: Sanskrit Historical K¡vya, Part I, Dr.K. N. Ezhuthacchan, Dept. of Cultural Publications, Govt. of Kerala, TCM, 1992.

52 9. Technical Literature in Sanskrit , Dr. S. Venkatasubrahmonia Iyer, Dept. of Sanskrit, University of Kerala, TVM, 1978. 10. Wonder That was India , A. I. Basham (inscription). 11. Samsk¤tas¡hityacaritram , Kerala Sahitya Academi, Thrissur, 1991. 12. Kattunna Cakram , M. P. Sankunni Nair. Scheme of question paper Five questions having equal weightage Q 1-3. Essays, 3 essays out of 6 from II & III units Q 4. Short essays, 2 short essays out of 4 from I & IV units Q 5. Short notes, 4 short notes out of 8 from all units.

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