1 Ma Comparative Literature and Linguistics

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MA COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS

(Restructured Syllabus)

As per the Regulation for the choice based Credit and Semester system in MA Programs

Title of the program: Master of Arts in Comparative Literature and Linguistics.

Nature of the program: Inter-disciplinary.

Duration of the Program: Four Semesters (choice based course and credit system).

Admission: Through Entrance Examination conducted by the University.

COURSES AND CREDITS

For the successful completion of the MA program the students should study 20 courses and achieve the credits fixed for the courses with the required percentage of attendance and a passing grade as per the regulation. Each course is designed for 4 credits. Total No. of Semesters: 4 Total No. of Courses: 20

Total No. of Teaching courses: 19

No. of Core courses: 13

No of electives to be taught: 4

Multidisciplinary courses (from other departments): 2

Total Credits of Teaching Courses: 76

Credits for dissertation in the 4th Semester: 4

Total Weight: 80 Credits (4 weights for each course)

Evaluation As per the regulations half of the credits will be valued internally by the department through continuous assessment and half of the credits will be evaluated through University level External examination. The evaluation is based on 9 point grading system. An average B- is the passing grade. If a student fails by getting F grade the candidate can repeat that course when it is offered subsequently. There will be no supplementary examination.

SEMESTER-WISE COURSE WORK

In Each semester there will be 3 core courses and 2 Elective Courses available for study except in the 4th semester in which there will be 5 core courses including dissertation and one elective. 20 credits are given for the 5 courses taught in each semester.

In each semester the 2 elective courses may be chosen out of the many elective courses offered with the permission of the teaching faculty.

One Sanskrit course from a Sanskrit department and one course from any other department may be opted as inter disciplinary/ multidisciplinary courses preferably in semester 2 and semester 3 with the consent of the concerned departments.

General Plan:  13 core courses and 12 Elective courses are offered.  In each semester 3 core courses and 2 elective courses are to be taken for study.  In each semester any two elective courses may be chosen out of the many elective courses offered.  A Sanskrit course and a course from other departments should be opted as multidisciplinary courses preferably in the semesters 2 and 3 consecutively.  Department offers two elective courses as interdisciplinary to the students from other departments (preferably one in Semester 2 and the other in semester 3).  Departmental council can take decision to teach any elective course without semester barrier because of academic necessities. 3

 The students have enough choice to select 5courses out of the many elective courses offered.  Since the nature of the whole course is inter disciplinary/ multi disciplinary, the students are given courses in a wide range of subjects.  The scheme of examination prepared for the entrance examination and the courses taught may be strictly followed.

MA COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS

COURSES OF STUDY

List of Core Courses

Sl. No. Course Code Title of the Course

1. Pclm 3125 Comparative Literature: Methods And Perspectives 2. Pclm 3126 Literary Theory-Western 3. Pclm 3127 Fundamentals of Linguistics 4. Pcls 3128 Comparative Aesthetics-Eastern and Western 5. Pcls 3129 Contemporary Linguistics 6. Pcls 3130 Literary Theory-Eastern 7. Pclm 3131 Translation-Theory and Practice 8. Pclm 3132 Epic Literature-Ramayana and Mahabharata Studies 9. Pclm 3133 Literary Historiography 10. Pcls 3134 Post-colonial Theory and Literature 11. Pcls 3135 Media Studies 12. Pcls 3136 Classics Revisited-Bhasa, Kalidasa and Shakespeare 13. Pcls 3137 Seminar Course and Dissertation/Project

List of Elective Courses

1. Pclm 3138 Selections from Indian Literature 2. Pclm 3139 Readings from Malayalam Literature 3. Pclm 3140 Selections from Sanskrit Literature-Kalidasa’s Works 4

4. Pclm 3141 Computer and Language Studies 5. Pclm 3142 Cultural Studies 6. Pclm 3143 Lexicography Indian Traditions 7. Pclm 3144 Creative Writing 8. Pcls 3145 Readings from World Literature 9. Pcls 3146 Literature of the Marginalized 10. Pcls 3147 Introduction to Film studies-Film and Literature 11. Pcls 3148 Environmental Literature 12. Pcls 3149 Cultural and Media Studies

Semester-wise Pattern of Courses Semester-1

Sl. No. Course (Core/Elective) Credits 1 Core 1 4 2 Core 2 4 3 Core 3 4

4 Elective 4 5 Elective 4

Semester-2

Sl. No. Course (Core/Elective) Credits 1 Core 4 4 2 Core 5 4 3 Core 6 4 4 Elective 4 5 Elective (Sanskrit course 4 from a Sanskrit Dept)

Semester-3

Sl. No. Course (Core/Elective) Credits 1 Core 7 4 2 Core 8 4 3 Core 9 4 4 Elective 4 5 Elective (Course from 4 another Dept)

Semester-4 5

Sl. No. Course (Core/Elective) Credits 1 Core 10 4 2 Core11 4 3 Core 12 4 4 Core 13 (Seminar- 4 dissertation/project) 5 Elective 4

DETAILED SYLLABI

CORE COURSES

Semester 1 Core Course 1 Comparative Literature-Methods and Perspectives Course Code: pclm3125 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to introduce the key concepts in comparative literature and its methodology of study. Its objective is to give the students substantial knowledge about the significant critical and interdisciplinary perspectives in the fields of comparative literature and theory. The relevance of comparative literary studies in the multicultural and multilingual Indian context is emphasized within the wider scheme of the global literature and theory.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the subjects concerned. Lecture classes, seminars, assignments and tutorials are designed as methods of teaching.

Module- 1 Rise of comparative literature as a new academic discipline and its reasons-definitions and schools- the concept of world literature- concepts of humanism and universal values- International literary relations-intercultural and intra cultural elements in literature-East West literary relations- Eurocentrism- Approaches to comparative literature-historical- sociopolitical– linguistic -psychological types of comparable identities and cultural parameters.

Module- 2 Multilingual and multicultural nature of India- importance of Sanskrit in Indian arts, literature and philosophy –The discovery of Sanskrit by European colonialists and the rise of oriental scholarship- -Special features of orientalism- Western Education and Influence of English and other foreign literatures –growth of modern Indian languages and literatures- Conflict with traditional values –The national renaissance and struggle for independence - Nationalistic themes in literature-literary movements-post colonial scenario- Indian literature in translation- Indian English literature-Comparative Indian literature

Module- 3 Areas and perspectives in comparative literature-inspiration-influence-reception-translation- inventing nationhood through comparison- Methodology of comparison- Author to author-text to 7 text-movement to movement-genre-style-political types of comparison-comparable formative influences- contrastive elements- historiography- -comparative criticism- comparative aesthetics- main features of comparative method- structural analysis-interdisciplinary method

Module- 4 New trends in comparative literature studies-Cultural studies-film studies-media studies-gender studies-subaltern studies-literature of the marginalized-communication studies-globalization-post modern scenario-arguments for and against comparative literature-the concept of cultural hegemony and resistance-comparative literature in the third world countries-Indian comparatists and their contributions-comparative literature associations-CLAI

REFERENCE 1. Susan Bassnett, Comparative Literature: A Critical Introduction, OUP, Oxford, 1992. 2. S.S Prawer, Comparative: Literary studies – An Introduction 3. Amiya Dev. & S.K Das Comparative Literature: Theory and Practice, Allied, New Delhi, 1989. 4. K. Ayyappa Panicker, Spotlight in Comparative Indian Literature. 5. Robert. J Clemens. Comparative Literature as Academic Discipline: A Statement. 6. Alridge. A Oven, Ed. Comparative Literature: Matter and Methods, 7. Charls Bernheimmer. Comparative Literature in the age of Multicultuturalism. 8. Gisela Brinker – Cabier, Encountering the other(s) Studies in Literature, History and Culture. 9. Gregory Jusdains. Belated Modernity and Aesthetic Culture Inventing National Culture. 10. Theodore Ziolkowski. Varieties of Literary Thematic. 11. Eric Auerbach, Mimesis. 8

12. Margaret. R Higonner, Border Work: Feminist Engagements with Comparative Literature. 13. Warner. P. Frederich and David H. Malone, Outline of Comparative literature. 14. Chatanath Achuthannunni, Tarathamya Sahitya Parichayam. 15. Rajendran C. Trans cultural Approach to Sanskrit Poetics. 16. Rajendran C. Mozhiyum Porulum. 17. William Tay. China and the West: comparative Literature studies. 18. Amaresh Dana. Encyclopedia of Indian Literature. 19. De. S.K. History of Sanskrit Poetics. 20. George K.M. Comparative Indian Literature (3 Vols). 21. George K.M. Master piece of Indian Literature (3 Vols). 22. George K.M. Sahityacharithram Prasthanangaliloote. 23. Wintermitz. M. History of Indian Literature. 24. Warder A.K. Indian Kavya Literature. 25. Jancy James. Facets of Comparative Literature. 26. Rajarajavarma Raja.V Keraleeyasamaskrutasahityacharitram. 27. Anand B. Patel. Whirligig of Taste: Essays in Co-operative Literature. 28. Martin Green. Trans Atlantic Patterns: Cultural Comparison of England with America. 29. Gay Wilentz. Binding Cultures: Black American Writers in Africa and Diaspora. 30. Mary. M. Layyourn. Travels of a Genre; The modern Novel and Ideology. 31. E. Ekambaram and V. Sarasvathi. Glimpses of World Literature Essays, Presented to Prof. M.S. Natarajan. 32. Aravindakshan and N. Prasanthakumar. Comparative Indian Literature. 33. G.N Devy. After Amnesia. 34. G.N. Devy. Of many Heroes; A Indian Essay in Literary Historiography. 35. Macdonnel. A.A History of Sanskrit Literature. 36. Muralreemadhavan P.C., Facets of Indian Culture. 37. Vasudevan.T. Aspects of Comparative Literatur.e

READING 1. M. Hiriyanna. Art experience, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi. 2. Pandey, H.P. Tilliyard Comparative Stylistic Study, Bharathiya Kala Prakashan, Delhi. 1998. 3. P.S Sastri. Indian Theory of Aesthetic, Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1989. 4. K.M. George. Western Influences on Malayalam Language and Literature, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1998. 5. The Cultural Heritage of India (3 Vols.) Ramakrishna Mission Institute, Calcutta, 1937. 6. Daya Krishna. India’s Intellectual Traditions. Motilal Banarasi Dass, 1987. 7. P.O Purushothaman. Taratamya Sahitya Pramanangal, Current Books Kottayam, 1997. 8. Edward Said. Orientalism.

ADDITIONAL READING 1. Alamgoir Ashmi. The common wealth, comparative literature and the world. 2. Gayatri Chakravarthy Spivak. Death of a discipline, New York Columbia, UP 2003. 3. Gayatri Chakravarthy Spivak. Nationalism and Imagination. 4. Gayatri Chakravarthy Spivak. The Spivak Reader. 5. Pascale Casenova.. The world republic of letters. 6. David Damrosch. What is world literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. 7. David Damrosch. Natalie Melas, The Princeton Sourcebook in Comparative Literature. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2009. 8. Aravind M. Navale. Panorama of World Literature. Authors Press, Delhi, 2012. Anand B. Patil. Revisioning Comparative Literature. Authors Press, New Delhi, 2012 9. Mohit K Ray. Studies in Comparative Literature, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 2001 10. Charu Sheel Singh. Intertextuality and Comparative Method. Altar Publishing House, New Delhi, 2010 10

11. Eleanor Byrne. Homi. K. Babha. Palgrave: Macmillan , New York, 2009. 12. Paul Jay. Global Matters. The Transnatonal Turn in Literary Studies, Carnel Univ. Press, 2010 13. C. Rajendran. Tharathamyakavyasastram, State Institute of Languages, 2002 14. C. Rajendran. Pathavum Porulum, D.C Books, 2010

Semester 1 Core Course 2 Literary Theory-Western Course Code: pclm3126 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to introduce the major aspects and concepts of Western Literary Theory. Its objective is to give the students substantial knowledge about the critical theory developed in the west prominently in Europe with interdisciplinary perspective. The ancient Greek- Latin theories, medieval and modern theories of the West and the post colonial and post modern theories are introduced in detail.

Module -1 Classical Literary theory 1. Aristotle - Poetics 2. Horace - Arts Poetica 3. Longinus - On the Sublime

Module -2 English Literary Theory 1. William Words Worth - Preface to Lyrical Ballads 2. Mathew Arnold - Study of Poetry 3. T.S Eliot - Impersonality 4. F.R Levis - Living Principles (Introduction only) Module- 3 Modern Literary Theory Archetypal Criticism – Myth Criticism – New Criticism – Modern Linguistic Criticism- Psychoanalytical criticism – Russian Formalism – Marxist Literary theories. Any Six of the following essays, 1. Northrop Frye - The Archetypes of Literature 2. Claude Levi Strauss - Incest and Myth 3. I.A Richards - The two use of language of paradox 4. William Empson - Ambiguity of the first type 5. Cleanth Brooks - The language of paradox 6. W.K Wimsatt - The Intentional Fallacy 7. Roland Barthes - Criticism as Language 8. Edmond Wilson - Marxism and Literature 9. C.G Jung - Psychology and Literature 10 Ann Jefferson - Russian Formalism

Essay 1-9 from Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Essay 10 from Modern Literary theory A Report.

Module -4 Postmodern / Postcolonial Theories Post structuralism – Deconstruction – Modern Psychoanalytic criticism –Post colonialism –Post modernism - Reader Response Theories- Feminism. First Book and any three of the following essays. 1. Jaques Derrida - Writing and the difference 2. Jaques Lacan - On Purloining the Letter (From Lacan Reader)

3. Jean Francois Lyotard - Master Narratives (from Postmodernism: A report on Knowledge) 4. Edward Said - Culture and Imperialism (Introduction Only) 5. Alicia Ostricker - Thieves of language (From New Feminist Criticism) 6. Wolfgang Iser - The Reading Process: A phenomenological approach (from New Literary History 3 (1972)) REFERENCE 1. Eagleton. Terry Literary Theory: An Introduction. 2. Jefferson, Anne and David Robery, Modern Literary theory: A Reader 3. Lodge David, Twentieth Century Literary Criticism.

READING 1. Frye. Northop. Anatomy of Criticism. 2. Medvedev. P.N and Mikhail Bakhtin. The Formal Method in Literary Scholarship: A critical introduction to Sociological poetics. 3. Thompson. E.M. Russian Formalism and Anglo- American New Criticism. 4. Welleck Rene, The Literary Theory and Aesthetics of Prague School. 5. Lentricchia, Frank. After the New Criticism. See Chapter 4. 6. Barthes Roland. The pleasure of the Text, S/Z and Mythologies. 7. Hawkes, Terence, Structuralism and Semiotics. 13

8. Scholars Robert. Structuralism in Literature, an Introduction. 9. Barthes Roland, Elements of Semiology. 10. Eco Umberto. Theory of Semiotics. 11. Norris Christopher, Deconstruction: Theory and Practice. 12. Young Robert. Ed. Untying the text: A post structuralism Reader. 13. Kamaf. Peggy. Ed. A Derrida Reader: Between the Blinds. 14. Bengamin, Walter. Illuminations and Reflections. 15. Baudrillard, Jeans, Simulacra and Simulations and Cool Memories. 16. Doherty, Thomas ed. Postmodernism: A reader. 17. Foster Hal. The Anti-Aesthetic: Essay on Post modern Culture. 18. Hassan Thab. The Dismemberment of Orpheus. Towards a Postmodern Literate, Para criticisms Science and Cultural Changes. 19. Hutcheon Linda. A Poetic of Postmodernism. 20. Buyssen Andrews. After the Great Divide: Modernism New Culture, Postmodernism. 21. Jameson, Fredic. Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. 22. Lyotard, Jean-Francois. The Postmodern Condition: A Report of Knowledge. 23. Mc Hale, Brain. Postmodern Fiction 24. Kristeva. Julia. Describe in Language. 25. Mol Toril. Sexual/ Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory (New Accents). 26. Showalter, Elaine. The New Feminist Criticism. 27. Spector, Judith. Ed. Gender Studies: New Directions in Feminist Criticism, 1986. 28. Brooks Ann. Post feminism: feminism, Cultural Theory, and Cultural Forms, 1997. 29. Butler, Judith. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “sex”. 1993. 30. Crow Barbara A. ed. Radical Feminism: An Historical Reader, 1999 31. Hooks Bell. Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations, 1994. 32. James, Joy. Shadow boxing : Representations of Black Feminist Politics, 1999. 33. Hutcheon, Linda, Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox.

Semester 1 Core Course 3 Fundamentals of Linguistics Course Code: pclm3127 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to introduce the major concepts of Western Linguistics. Its objective is to give the students thorough knowledge of the fundamental principles of linguistics and its relation to critical theory developed in the west prominently in Europe with interdisciplinary perspectives. This program introduced for beginners the history, basic concepts, theories and methodologies of Modern Linguistics.

Module- 1 History of Linguistics: Historical and Comparative History of Modern Linguistics – Bloomfield. Saussure, Chomsky, Grammar and Linguistics–Branches of Linguistics and Indian traditions, Language and identity. Language and power. Literature and Linguistics, Roman Jakobson. 15

Module- 2 Phonetics – Phonology –Phonetic definitions of sounds – Phonology: Phone-Phoneme- Allophone Syllable, Intonation, Juncture Morphology, Morph –Morpheme-Allomorph. Types of Morphemes, Conjunction and Inflection Morphophonemic Graphology, Graph - Grapheme – Allograph, Alphabet, Syllable, Phonetic Transcription. Syntax Sentence. Types and Analysis of sentences. General review of current Syntactic theories. Semantics, Meaning, Sememe, Lexeme.

Module- 3 Signifier - Signified Langue - Parole Synchronic - Diachronic Syntagmatic - Paradigmatic Contrast - Complementation Competence - Performance Linguistic Competence - Communicative Competence

Module 4 Modern Pragmatics, Conventional Analysis, Discourse Analysis, Stylistics, Lexicography, Dialectology and Socio-linguistics.

REFERENCE 1. Syal, Puspinder 1998, An Introduction to Linguistics, Prentice Hall India. 2. Boole Struct C 1999, An Introduction to Linguistics, MacMillan, Press Ltd. 3. Verma S.K, Krishnaswamy N, 1989, Modern Linguistics – An Introduction

READING 1. Crystal D, 1987, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Linguistics, CUP. 2. V.R.P Nayar, Svanavijnanam 3. V.R.P Nayar, Lokabhashakal 4. V.R.P Nayar, Baashaasaastradrstiylute. SIL

Semester 2 Core Course 4 Comparative Aesthetics –Eastern and Western Course Code: pcls 3128 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to introduce the study of aesthetic in comparative perspective. The objective is to give first hand knowledge about the classical and contemporary aesthetic theory of the east and the west and the critical comparison of relevant concepts. The course equips the students with the aesthetic approaches of the east and the west which are placed within the broad format of the comparative literature and comparative criticism. Part A deals with eastern theories with 2 credits and Part B deals with western theories with 2 credits.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Lecture classes, seminars, assignments and tutorials are designed as methods of teaching.

PART A- Eastern Aesthetics (2 Credits)

Module-1 General introduction to Indian, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic aesthetics – Indian aesthetics historical and conceptual overview – aesthetic concepts in Vedas, Upanishads, Itihasapurananas – sixty four arts – Sangita and Sahitya-citra-silpa-natya-nrtta-vastu arts- the fundamental works in the field of arts-purpose of artistic creation-rasas and bhavas-definition of beauty (Saundarya) – prathibha and theories of creativity- rasika- nagaraka- Prekshaka-concepts of camatkara- vicchitti-sahrdayatva- development of aesthetic by interactions with other cultures-Gandhara art- Ajanta and Ellora- Mughal art-Modern times and Raja Ravivarma’s paintings.

Module-2 Introducing Basic Texts 1) Natyasastra of Bharatamuni (detailed study of Rasasutra) 2) Major aesthetic concepts in Alamkarasastra ( Dhvani, guna, riti, vakrokti, aucitya, etc.)  Bharata’s theory of anukarana-rasas and bhavas and theory of rasa-rasa theories of Lollata, Sankuka, Bhattanayaka and Abhinavagupta-rasadhvani as the soul of poetry-aesthetic experience according to Abhinavagupta-his theory of relation between gunas alamkaras and rasa-the rule of combination of rasas-number of rasas-introduction of new rasas-Aesthetic theory of Ramacandra and Gunacandra-Aesthetic theory of Bhoja-theory of Panditaraja Jagannatha – The concepts of Nataraja-radha and Krishna etc. – Aesthetic concepts of Tagore and Aurabindo.  The theory of Akam/puram, and Tina in Tamil aesthetics. 18

REFERENCE (SANSKRIT) Rigveda Vishnudharmottarapurana Samarankanasutradhara Manasollasa Silparatna Brahatsamhita Sangitaratnakara Natyasastra Dhvanyaloka Rasagangathara Kavyalankara Vakroktijivita Vyaktiviveka Srngaraprakasa Tamil : Tolkapiyam –( porulathikaram portion)

READING 1. Pandey K.C. Comparative Aesthetics – Indian Aesthetics 2. Kane P.V. History of Sanskrit Poetics 3. Rajendran.C. Transcultural Approach to Sanskrit Poetics 4. Pandey K.C. Abhinavagupata : A Historical and Philosophical Study 5. V.K Chari, Sanskrit Criticism 6. Gnoli, Ranien. The Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta 7. Masson and Patwardhan. Aesthetic Rapture. The Rasadhyaya of Natyasastra 8. Rachel Van M. Baumer. Sanskrit Drama in Performance 9. Singhal R.L. Aristotle and Bharata – A Comparative Study of their theory of Drama. 10. Masson and Patwardhan. Santarasa and Abhinavagupta’s Philosophy of Aesthetics. 11. Nagendra. Rasasidhanta. 12. Mainlar T.G. Studies in Sanskrit Dramatist Criticism. 19

13. Manjul Gupta. A study of Abhinavabharati on Bharata’s Natyasastra and Avaloka on Dhanajaya’s Dasarupaka. 14. G.H.Tarlekar. Studies in Natyasastra. 15. Coomarasvamy. Dance of Siva. 16. Raghavan.V. Sanskrit Drama – Its Aesthetics and Production. 17. Raghavan.V.Sanskrit Drama and Performance. 18. Raghavan.V.Some Concepts of Alankarasastra. 19. Raghavan.V. Bhoja’s Srngaraprakasa. 20. Raghavan.V. Number of Rasas. 21. Kapila Vatsyayan. Bharata the Natyasastra. 22. Kelly, Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. 23. Suresh Chandra. Essays in Comparative Literature. 24. Natvarlal Joshi. Poetry, Creativity and Aesthetic Experience. 25. A.V.Subramaniam. The aesthetics of Wonder. 26. Angaraj Chowdhari. Comparative Aesthetics East and West. 27. Miller, Barbara Staller. Theatre of Memory : The Plays of Kalidasa 28. Coomaraswamy. The Transformation of Nature in Art. 29. Aurabindo, Future Poetry. 30. Natalia Lideva. Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism. 31. Kalatatvakosh. Published by Indira Gandhi National Centre for arts and Motilal Banarasidass.

PART B-WESTERN AESTHETICS (2 CREDITS)

Module-3 What is literature – Basic Principles – Sources of inspiration – content – form – aesthetics – criticism – definitions – critical traditions – Plato – Art Mimesis- Aristotle – concepts of Tragedy – Catharsis – Horace – Longinus – Sublime. 20

Module-4 Johnson – Dryden – Pope – medium of expression – Wordsworth – fancy and Imagination – Coleridge – Arnold – Benedetto Croce – Intuition – Walter Pater – Oscar Wilde – Art for art’s sake – I.A. Richards – Eliot – Classicism – Romanticism – Realism – Surrealism – Naturalism – Socialist Realism – Symbolism – Imagism – Expressionism – Impressionism – existentialism – Stylistics – structuralism and Semiotics – Feminist Aesthetics – Deconstruction.

REFERENCE

1. W.H. Hudson. Introduction to the Study of Literature 2. Wilmsatt and Brooks. Literacy Criticism, A Short History 3. David Daiches. Critical Approaches to Literature 4. Scott James. Making of Literature 5. David Lodge. The Modes of Modern writing, Metaphor, Metonymy and Typology of Modern Literature Mimesis 6. Erich Auerbach. The Representation of Reality 7. M.H. Abrams. The Mirror and the Lamp,: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition 8. Benedetto Croce. Aesthetics 9. I.A. Richard. Principles of Literacy Criticism 10. Jonathan Culler. Structuralist Poetics 11. Terence Hawkes. Structuralism and Semiotics 12. Elaine Showalter. The New Feminist Criticism 13. Jonathan Culler. On Deconstruction

Semester 2 Core Course 5 Contemporary Linguistics Course Code: pcls3129 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course, in continuation with the fundamentals, emphasizes the major concepts of the contemporary Western Linguistics. Its objective is to give the students thorough knowledge of the current developments in the field of linguistics and its relation to critical theory developed in the west with interdisciplinary perspectives. This programme is designed to give a sound understanding of the structural and post structural, semiotic, critical, and analytical linguistic theories and their application.

Examination and Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper(1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system as per the regulations.

Module-1 Critical survey of Structural and Post Structural models in linguistics – Saussure, Jakobson, Bloomfield, Post Bloomfieldians, Firth and Neo Firthians, Chomskyian revolution. 22

Module-2 Range and scope of linguistics – interdisciplinary nature of linguistics. Socio linguistics, psycho linguistics, Linguistic Philosophy. Biological foundations of linguistics. Language contact, Billingualism, Multilingualism, Modernization, Standardization, Language Planning, Methodological tools. Notations, Notions, Terminology and Rules.

Module-3 Semiotics – principles and applications – Saussure, Pierce, Barthes, Umberto Eco, Communication, Code, myth and metaphor. Literary Linguistics – Linguistic form and Literary form, Meter and Linguistic Theory, Narrative.

Module-4 Critical linguistics – Language and Culture, Language and Power, Language and Gender, Language and Mass Media – Newspaper, Radio, Television, Language and Popular Culture, Language of Advertisement.

REFERENCE

1. Chomsky.Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press, 1965 2. Asher, R.E. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamum, Oxford, 1994 3. Bloomfield, L. Language. London 1933 4. Chomsky. 1957 Syntactic Structures. The Haugue: Mouton,1957 5. Culler, Jonathan. Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. Routledge, London, 1975 6. Eco, Umberto. A Theory of Semiotics. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1976 7. Fab, Nigel. Linguistics and Literature. Blackwell, Oxford, 1997 8. Firth. J.R. Papers in Linguistics. OUP,1957 9. Gumperz. J.J. Directions in Socio linguistics. 1972. 10. Hawkes, Terence. Structuralism and Semiotics. Methuen,1977 11. Holdcroft, David. Saussure. Cambridge University Press, 1991 23

12. Hymes. D. Language in Culture and Society,1964 13. Jakobson. R. Six Lectures on Sound and Meaning. Hassocks: Harvester, 1978 14. Jayasukumaran. Tarjama Sidhanthavum Prayogavum Malayalattil. Current Books, Kottayam, 1997 15. Labov. W. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1972 16. Montgomery, Martin, Introduction to Language and Society. Routledge, London, 1995 17. Saussure. Course in General Linguistics, Fontana,1977 18. Weinreich, Uriel. Languages in Contact, Mouton and Co.,1964 19. Williams, Raymond. Communications, Penguin, New York,1976

Semester 2 Core Course 6 Literary Theory-Eastern Course Code: pcls3130 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to introduce the important schools and concepts in Eastern Literary Theory. Its objective is to give the students substantial knowledge about the critical theory developed in the classical period in India both in Sanskrit and Tamil ensuing interdisciplinary perspectives. The eminence of Sanskrit literary theory in the multi-literary and multilingual Indian context is emphasized. Students will get first hand knowledge of Sanskrit poetics and dramaturgy from the original sources taught by Sanskrit scholars.

Module- 1 General introduction to Eastern Literature and Literary Theories. India, Chinese Japanese Middle East (Persian and Arabic) Module- 2 Indian Literary theories – Sanskrit Prakrt, Tamil and other Indian languages like Hindi and Malayalam.

Module- 3 Sanskrit literary theories-detailed study of Rasa, Alankara, Guna, Riti, Dhvani, Vakrokti, Anumana and Aucitya theories. Definition-Division of poetry-purpose of poetry-poetic forms like mahakavya-language of poetry- Alamkara-poetic diction-types of poetic meaning- Natyasastra and the development of the concept of rasa- number of rasas-inclusion of Santa and Bhakti among Rasas-contributions of Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta- the concept of rasadvani as the soul of poetry –poet and sahrdaya-Kashmir Saivism and Pratyabhijna Philosophy

Module-4 Sanskrit Dramatic theories –detailed study. Natyasastra – its nature, scope, scheme, of the treatment of topics in it. Definition of nataka-types of heroes-heroines-the ten types of plays-plot-Sandhi-rasasutra-four kinds of Abhinayas-rasa

Later texts on dramaturgy – Dasarupaka- Natyadarpana, Abhinayadarpana- Hastalakshanadipika - Rasarnavasudhakara, Bhavaprakasa- Balaramabharatam- Sanskrit theatre – Kutiyattam, Krsnanattam, Astapadiyaham.

REFERENCE 1. Abhinavagupta’s Dhayanyalokalocana with an anonymous Sanskrit commentary. Ed, Dr. K.K Krishnamurthy, Meharchand and Lachhadas Publications, New Delhi, 1988. 2. Dhynyaloka of Anandavardhana. Dr. K.K Krishnamoorthy. Karnataka University, Dharvad, 1994. 3. Dhvanyaloka with Locana, and Balapriya commentaries. Kashi Sanskrit, Varanasi.1940. 4. Dhvanyaloka with Locana, Kaumudi and Upalocana commentaries. Kuppuswami sastri research Institute, Madras, 1944. 5. Anadhavardhana. Dr. K. Kunjunni raja, Sahitya Academy, Delhi, 1995. 6. Dhvanyloka and its critics. Dr. K. Krishnamoorthy Kavyanlal Publishers, Mysore, 1963. 7. Abhinavagupta – An historical and philosophical study. Kepandy, Varanasi. 1963. 8. Essays in Sanskrit Criticism. Dr. K. Krishnamurthy, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 1974. 9. Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana with the Locana of Abhinavagupta. Translated into English by H. Hingalls, J.M Masson and M.V. Patwardhan, Harward University Press, England, 1990. 10. The Science of criticism in India. A.K Warder, Adyar Library and Research Centre, Adyar, Madras. 1978. 11. Natyasastra, text with Introduction. English Translation by Dr. N.P Unni, Nag Publishers Delhi, 4. 12. Studies in Natyasatra. G.H Tharlekar. Motilal Banarsi dass, Delhi,1991. 13. Theatre in the East. Faubion Boueers, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd, London. 1956. 14. Contribution to the History of Hindi Drama. Manmohan Ghosh, Culcutta, 1957. 15. Sanskrit Drama, its Origin and Decline. I. Sekhar, Leiden, E,J. Brill, 1960. 26

16. The Sanskrit drama. A.B Keith, Oxford University Press, London. 1954. 17. Natyamandapam. M.P Sankunni Nair, Mathrubhumi, Calicut, 1987. 18. Natya and Yajna. Christopher Bryskti, Govt. Sanskrit College Committee, Trippunithura. 19. Indian Kavya Literature. A.K Warder, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1972. 20. Studies on Some concepts of Alankarasastra. Dr. V. Raghavan, Adayar Library & Research Centre Adyar, Madras, 1973. 21. Indian Theories of Hermeneutic., Ed. P.C Muraleemadhavan, New Bharathiya Book Corporation. New Delhi. 22. Bharatiya Kavyachintakal. Dr. N.V.P. Unnithiri. 23. Hrdya Samvada. Dr. M.S Menon. 24. Bharthiya kavyasastram. T. Bhaskaran 25. Kairalidhvani . P.K Narayana Pillai. 26. Kavyadarsanam . P.C Vasudevan Elayath. 27. Natyasastra . Trans. K.P Narayana Pisharoti, Kerala Sahitya Akademi. 28. Kalidasa Hridayam Tedi . K.P Narayana Pillai. 29. High ways & Bye-ways of literary criticis. ,M.M Kuppuswamy Sastry, Adayar,Madras,4.

Semester 3 Core Course 7

Translation-Theory and Practice Course Code: pclm 3131 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to instruct the students on the concepts and methods of literary translation which is integral to the comparative literature studies. The student gets the various methods of 27 translation in this fast-changing-interactive world. The role of culture, nation, gender, class and race in the process of translation

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many, in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio & video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. Each student has to prepare and submit at the end of the semester translations of a literary work as the part of the translation project either on fiction or poetry which should not exceed 24 pages which will be valued internally for 2 credits.

Module-1 Role of translation in the development of literature, knowledge and culture-Linguistics and Translation. A brief history of translation – Translation of the Bible, Mahabharata, Ramayana, works of Kalidasa, Shakespeare and Tagore, Indian literature in translation – a review.

Module-2 Theories of translation, Science of Translation. Nida and Catford. Translation studies as an emerging discipline – Translation across culture, Post modern theories and translation. Walter Benjamin, Derrida, Sohr, Toury, Definitions and types of translations – Problems of equivalence and translatability. Meaning in translation. Testing and evaluation of translation. Machine translation.

Module- 3 Translation Project Translation of a text or group texts or a part of a text of not less than 500 words. This is to be prefaced with a translator’s note highlighting the problems of translation. This shall be placed for discussion in a seminar and it shall be evaluated for 2 credits.

REFERENCES 1. Baker. Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Routledge, London, 1998 2. Basnette, Susan. Translation Studies. Routledg, London 1991 3. Basnette, Susuan and Trivedi. Harish. Post Colonial Translation – Theory and Practice. Routledge, London,1999 4. Catford. J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford, London, 1965 5. Lefevere, Ander. Translation History/ Culture, Papyrus, Culcutta,1992 6. Nida. E. Towards a science of Translating. E. J Rili. Leiden, 1964. 7. Nida. E 1974, The Theory and Practice of Translation. E.J Brill, Leidn, 1974. 8. Niranjana. Tejaswini. Siting Translation. Orient Longman, 1995. 9. Prabodhachandran V.R. Vivarthanatinte Bhasasastrabhumika. Bhasha Institute. Trivandrum, 1986 10. Steiner, George. After Babelm. Penguin, 1992. 11. Toury Gideon. Translation Across Cultures. Bahri Publications, New Delhi, 1987. 12. Toury Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. John Benjamin’s Amsterdam, 1995. 13. R.Barthes. “The Death of the Author” and “From work to text” in Image, music, Text S. Heath Hill & Wang. New York. 14. Susan Bassnet. Translation History & Culture, London. 15. A Benjamin. Translation and Nature of Philosophy A new theory of words: Routledge 16. W. Benjamin. “The task of the translation in Illuminations”. 17. Derrida. Difference in translation, Cornell University Press. 18. Lifevere Andre. “Translating, Literature Practice and Theory in Comparative Literature Context. New York. Modern language Asserting.

Semester 3 Core Course 8 Epic Literature- Ramayana and Mahabharata Studies Course Code: pclm3132 Credits 4

Aims and objectives Ramayana and Mahabharata are the two great epics that have molded the Indian culture and Indian psyche for centuries. By undergoing this course the students will have enough chance to understand and interpret these two epics and discuss to reinvent the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of ancient India. Moreover, the contemporary literature and art working on these ancient epics are high lighted during the rereading process in a refreshing comparative perspective.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many, in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Module- 1 Introduction to Ramayana and Mahabharata – the theme of Ramayana – literary source – foreign literary sources – Valmiki Ramayana and other Ramayana in Jaina and Buddhist Traditions – Ramayana in Asian Literature.

Module- 2 The theme of Mahabharata –Literary sources – narrative structure – the akhyanas – Mahabharata and its influences in Jaina and Buddhist literature – Mahabharata in Asian Literature –Bhagavad Gita

Module- 3 Translations of Ramayana in the regional languages – translation of Ramayana in Malayalam – Adhyatmaramayana and Kilippattu, Bhakti movement and its literature – Ramayana themes in modern Malayalam literature – A comparative study of Sundarakanda of Valmikiramayana, Adhyatmaramayana and Kilippattu.

Module- 4 Translation of Mahabharata in the Regional Languages – translation of Mahabharata in Malayalam – Bhakti movement and Mahabharata – Kilippattu – Influence of Mahabharata in modern Indian Literature – A comparative study of Sakuntalopakhyana of Vyasa, Kalidasa and Ezhuthachan – Mahabharata and Ramayana in Sanskrit Literary Theory- Views of Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta-A comparative study of Ramayana and Iliad.

REFERENCE 1. T.R. Krishnacharya. The Valmikiramayana (according to Southern Recension). Satguru Publications, India. 2. K.P.A.Menon. Adhyatmaramayana, Part –I. Nag Publication, Delhi. 3. Swami Tapasyananda. Adhyatmaramayana (Original Sanskrit with English Translation). Sri. Ramakrishna Math, Mylapore, Madras. 31

4. Shantilal Nagar. Genesis and evolution of the Ramakatha in Indian art, thought, Literature and Culture. 3 Vols. P.R. Publications, Delhi, 1999. 5. Rai Saheb Dinesh Chandra Sen. The Bengali Ramayana. Amar Prakashan, Delhi, 1987. 6. S.Nagaiah. Valmikiramayana – An Appreciation. Thirupati, 1981. 7. Punam Namboodiri. Bhasharamayanamchampu. Keralasahitya Academi, Thrissur. 8. Vallathol. Sree Valmikiramayanam. Sulabha Books, Thrissur, 1998. 9. Kalidasa. Raghuvamsa. Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, Varanasi. 10. Dr. H.V. Handa, Kambaramayana, an English Rendering. Bharatiyavidyabhavan, Mumbai, 1996. 11. Viharalala Mitra. The Yogavasistharamayana. (3 Vols.), Revised Ed., Prajna Publications, Culctutta, 1991. 12. M.N.Dutt. Mahabharata (Trans, into English) 7 Vols. Parimal Publications, Delhi, Rpt. 1994. 13. Kodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran. Sreemahabharatam. Sulabha Books, 1995, 14. Swami Jnanananda Saraswathi. Mahabharatasarvaswam. Part-I, Anandakutiram, Kanyakumari, 1990. 15. Sadasiv A. Dange. Myths from the Mahabharata. Aryan Books, International, New Delhi. 16. Ribek Debroy & Dipavali Debroy. The Puranas, 3 Vols. B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1994. 17. D. Prithi Paul. Bhagavadgita. Vol.I, Cosmo Publications, Delhi 1993. Adhyatmaramayanam Kilippattu by Thunchet Ezhuthachan. 18. Vijaya guttal .The Iliad and the Ramayana. Ganaga kaveri Publishing house ISBN- 10:818569415X ISBN-13:9788185694153 19. Ramanujan, A.K. "Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examples and Three Thoughts on Translation." The Collected Essays of A.K. Ramanujan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004. 131- 160.

Semester 3 Core Course 9

Literary Historiography Course Code: pclm3133 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to instruct the students on the concepts and methods of literary historiography which is integral to the comparative literature studies. The influence of culture, nation, gender, class and race is critical in the formation of literary histories. The course aims to give the students the picture of the dominant forces working behind the writing of histories and introduces various histories of literature written in many languages at different times.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many ,in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Modlule-1 Historiography- definitions-Different schools of Historiographies- Colonial discourse- Enlightenment- Nationalist discourse- Rennaissance- Resistance to Western hegemony- Colonial representation- Post colonial approaches- Feminist- Marxist- Dalit historiographies- Biographies as remarks on history- Ancient Indian Historiography- Genealogies- Narrative Historiography- 33

Rajatarangini- Vikramadevangada charitam- Harsha charitam- Political and Cultural History from ancient literary works- Sangam Literature- Pathittupatthu- Akanannuru- Puranannuru- New Historicism- recreation and reinterpretation of histories.

Modlule-2 Historical Contextualism- Positives and Negatives of Historical Contextualism- role of social, political and cultural histories in literary historiography- Colonial discourse in Literary historiography- Literature and Nation- binaries like fictional/factual, oral/written, vernacular/ elite literatures- Canon Formation and transformation- selection and exclusion of literary works based on the Canon- History of Language, State/Nation and History of Literature.

Modlule-3 Primary and Secondary Sources for Literary historiography- Selection and Classification of works- Narrative Literary Historiography- tracing the transition of literature through time to time and its reasons- Different methods of Periodization- Problems of Periodization- Literary history and literary criticism- aesthetical value and social/cultural importance of works- Influence of Historians aptitude and ideology in History writing- Target group of the literary history and historiography.

Modlule-4 Comparative aspects in literary history- Conceptualizing World, Nation, Indian and General literatures- Role of Influence study in the analysis and classification of literary movements, literary genres, literary themes- Placing the translated works in a literary history- transaction of ideas and ideologies through translations- resistance to Western supremacy through literary classification and periodization- deconstruction of canons in post colonial literary histories.

REFERENCE 1. Ahamed, Aijaz. In Theory: Classes, Nation and Literature. New York: Verso, 1994. 2. Chandra, Ipsita. Literary Historiography. Jadavpur University 34

3. Ezell, Margaret J. M. Writing Women's Literary History. London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1993. 4. George, K.M, et al. Malayala Sahitya charitrangal. Thiruvanathapuram: P.K. Parameswaran Nair Memorial Trust, 1994. 5. Madsen, Deborah.L.ed. Post Colonial Literatures Expanding the Canon. London: Pluto, 1999. 6. Morrisey, Lee. Debating The Canon: A Reader From Addison to Nafisi. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 7. Nelson, Sampath Emmanuel and Nalini Natarajan.ed. Handbook of Twentieth Century Literatures of India. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. 8. Raveendran, P.P. Texts Histories Geographies: Reading Indian Literature. Chennai: Orient Black Swan Private Limited, 2009.

READING 1. Uma Chakravarti. Rewriting History 2. Tanika Sarkar. Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation 3. James Mill. History of British India 4. Partha Chatterjee. Nationalist Thought & Colonial World 5. Ling Yu Tang (ed). Wisdom of India 6. G.N. Devy. In Another Tongue: Essays on Indian English Literature 7. G.N. Devy. Of Many Heroes: An Indian Essay in Literary Historiography. 8. Indranath Chowdhari. Comparative Indian Literature: Some Perspectives. 9. K.R.Srinivas Iyengar. Indian Writing in English 10. Kumkum Sangari (ed). Recast in: Women – Essays in Colonial History. 11. Partha Mitter. Much Maligned Mousters: History of European Reactions to Indian Art. 12. Indira Choudari Sengupta. “Colonialism & Cultural Identity. The making of a Hindu Discourse”. 13. Joan Kelley. Woman, History & Theory. 14. Gayatri Chakravarti Spivak. In Other Worlds. 15. Ananda Coomaraswamy. The Oriental View of Women. 16. K.N.PaniKker. Culture, Ideology & Hegemony. 35

Semester 4 Core Course 10 Post Colonial Theory and Literature Course Code: pcls3134 Credits 4

Aims and objectives Literature and culture of a country under the colonial rule goes through many complex changes which needs close examination and study. The constant subordination and suppression by the foreign rulers and the loot and exploitation of the local people leads to the strong resistance movements and struggle for freedom and national independence. This course introduces the post colonial literatures from Asia, Africa and Latin America and the literary, cultural and political theory of the post colonial. Special attention is given to the study of the Indian post colonial writings.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many, in addition to the lecture classes, book reading sessions, reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be given internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be available through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I no.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system as per the university regulations. 36

Module- 1 Post Colonial Theory Post Colonialism – the politics of (mis) representation – Ideology and selective culture – culture as a force of invasion – Third world Literature – Language as an instrument of subordination.

Module- 2 Post Colonial Theory (continued) Marginally – Subaltern – Gender – Race – Class – Decentred subjectivity – Indigenous – Tribal – Native – Dalit – Folk Literatures

1. Edward Said : Culture & Imperialism 2. Stephen Slemon : De-scribing the Empire 3. Bill Ascroft etal : The Empire Writes Back 4. Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak : Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture 5. Imamu Amiri Baraka : Black Music

Module-3 Post Colonial Literature 1. Chinu Achbe : Things Fall Apart 2. Wole Soyinka : Kongi’s Harvest 3. Margaret Atwood : The Edible Woman 4. U.R.Ananthamurthy: Samskara 5. M.Mukundan : Mayyazhipuzhayude Theerangalil 6. Monica Ali : Brick Lane

Module- 4 Subaltern Literature 1. Bertolt Brecht : The Caucasian Chalk Circle 2. Maxim Gorky : Mother 3. Tasleena Nasrin : The Shame 4. Toni Morrison : Song of Solomon 5. C.K.Janu : Lost Soil 37

6. Dutta Bhagat : Routes and Escape Routes

REFERENCE

1. Appiah, Kwame A. and Henry L.Gates , eds. Identities. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. 2. Bhabha, Homi.K. The Location of Culture, New York : Routledge, 1994 3. Eagleton, Terry, Jameson, Fredric, and Said, Edward (eds) Nationalism, Colonialism and Literature. (Minneapolis : U Minnesota Press, 1990) 4. Ashcroft, Bill, Griffith, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes Back : Theory and Practice in Post - colonial Literatures. (New York: Routledge 1989) 5. Ashcroft, Bill, Griffith, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen (eds.) The Post Colonial Studies – Reader (London .L. Routledge, 1995) 6. Chatterjee, Partha, The Nation and Its Fragments : Colonial and Post Colonial Histories : Princeton : Princeton University Press 1993 7. Fanon, Frantz . The Wreched of the Earth. London : Penguin , 1963 8. Mcclintock, Ann Imperial Leather : Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Context, New York : Routledge 1995. 9. Niranjana , Tejaswini. Siting Translation : History, Post-structuralism and the Colonial Context. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1992. 10. Pieterse, Jan P Nederveen and Bhikhu Parekh (eds). The Decolonization of Imagination : Culture, Knowledge, and Power, London : Zed Books, 1995. 11. Suleri, Sare. The Rhetoric of English India, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1992. 12. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade and Jacqui Alexander (eds.) Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures, New York, L Routledge 1997 13. Macaulay, Thomas B. “Minute on Indian Education” http:/humanitas.ucsb.edu/users/rales/English/macaulay.html 14. Ngugi Was Thong’O. Decolonising the Mind : The Politics of Language in African Literature, Portsmith, NH, Heinemann, 1981. 38

15. Ashis Nandy. The Illegitimacy of Nationalism : Rabindranath Tagore and Politics of Self. Delhi ; Oxford: Oxford UP,1994 16. Chambers, Irain & Lidia Curti, eds. The Post-Colonial Question. London : Routledge, 1996 9-11, 49-50, 134-5, 250-51 17. Mongia, Padmini ed. Contemporary Post – colonial Theory London : Arnold 1996, 127-8, 284-91, 329-31 18. Adam, Ian and Helen Tiffin, eds. Past the Last Post : Theorizing Post Coloniaslim and Post-Modernism, Calgary: U of Calgary P, 1990/New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991 19. Ahmad, Aijaz, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. London L Verso, 1992 20. Banerji, Himani, ed. Returning the Gaze, Toronto : Sister Visioni P, 1993 21. Barker, Francis, Peter Hulme, and Margaret Iversen Eds. Colonial Discourse, Post colonial Theory New York : Manchester, UP 1994 22. Bhabha, Homi.K. “The Post colonial Critic- Homi Bhabha Interviewed by David Bennett and Terry Collits “Arena 96 (1991): 47-63. 23. Bhabha, Homi.K. ed. Nations and Narration. London: Routledge, 1990 24. Eagleton, Terry, Frederic Jameson, and Edward Said Nationalism, Colonialism and Literature. Minnepolis: U of Minnesota P., 1990 25. Hart, Jonathan and Terry Goldie. “Post-colonial Theory”. Encyclopaedia of Contemporary Literary Theory : Approaches, Scholars, Terms, Ed. and Comp. Irene. R. Makaryk, Toronoto : U of Toronto P, 1993. 155-58 26. Hooks, bell Yearning : Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics, Boston : South End, 1990 27. Jameson, Fredric “Third-world Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism”, Social Text 15 (1986): 65-88 28. Mcclintock, Anne. Imperial Leather : Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Context. New York : Routledge, 1995. 29. Morrison , Toni . Playing in the Dark : Whiteness and Literary Imagination. Cambridge, Mass Harvard UP, 1993 30. Mukherjee, Arun P. “Whose Post-colonialism and Whose Postmodernism World Literature written in English, 30.2 (1990) : 1-9 39

31. Nag, Thiongb was. Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language. London: James Currey 1989. 32. Prakash, Gyan Ed. After Colonialism : Imperial Histories and Post Colonial Displacements, Princeton: Princeton UP 1995 33. Rajan, Rajeswari Sunder, Real and Imagined Women: Gender. Culture and Post- colonialism, London: Routledge, 1993 34. Rutherford, Anna, Ed. From Commonwealth to Post-Colonial, Sydney: Dangaroo 1992 35. Said , Edward, Culture and Imperialism, London : Chatto, 1993 36. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. In other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. New York: Methuen, 1987. 37. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Feminism in Decolonization” Difference, 3.3 (1991) : 139-70. 38. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Williams and Chrisman, 66-111. 39. Slemon, Stephen, De-scribing empire: Post-colonialism and textually. London: Routledge, 1994. 40. Williams, Patrick and Laura Chrisman, Eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory, New York: Columbia UP 1994.

Semester 4 Core Course 11 Media Studies Course Code: pclm3135 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to introduce the key concepts of Media Studies , its methods and its relation to the various branches of social life and culture. The objective is to give first hand knowledge about the contemporary media theory and practice. The course equips the students with the tools of the socio cultural approaches which are placed within the broad format of the contemporary media theory. The course focuses on the possibilities offered by the field to rethink our world 40 and unsettle taken for granted assumptions. Special attention is given to the role of media studies in Indian context.

Module- 1 A) Introduction to Media studies- Information and communication in the globalised world- Functions of Mass media- Surveillance- Interpretation-Linkage-Entertainment- Purveyor of ideologies B) Different types of Media- Print and Electronic media- Different forms in each type of Media-Radio-Film and Television- News, Visuals -Entertainment and advertisement- Internet-Emails, E-magazines, Search engines, blogs, Face Book and social networking C) Audience Impacts- Emotional, Visual, Ideological impacts.

Module- 2 A) Media theories- Accumulation theory- Stereotype theory- Media Dependency theory- Modeling theory- Media Laws- Defamation-Copyright- Privacy- Freedom of Information- Censorship- Cyber laws-Agenda Setting- Dominant Ideologies- Public Sphere 41

B) Representation- Stereotypes, Archetypes- Positive/ Negative or Radical/Reactionary representation of minorities (race, sex, disabled etc..) C) Film- Feature - Documentary- Animated - Commercial - Art film- Parallel cinema- Film theories Feminist, Marxist, Psychoanalytical, Adaptation, Representation, Visual Pleasure (Laura Mulvey) - Spectatorship- Film Societies- Censorship- Fans Association- Film /Media Industry.

Module- 3 Differences in the use of language in Print & audio-visual electronic media and internet -The target people- News reporting- political criticisms/ satires- reviews- appreciations- poster making- editorial- Interviews- writing for radio- radio drama- creating audio-visual effects in the dialogues- script writing- language using in social networks- language in email communication- writing for news paper-writing for magazines- writing for advertisements- writing for radio- writing for visual media.

Module-4 Media and Society- Role of media in Democracy- Print media and Indian freedom struggle- Media and culture- Media and Education- Adaptation and imagination of the Epic stories in TV video games and cartoons- Popular culture and Visual media.

REFERENCE 1. Baran, Stanley.J, Introduction to Mass Communication, New York: Mc Graw- Hill Education, 2012. 2. Benyahia, Sarah Casey and Claire Mortimer. Doing Film Studies. London: Routledge, 2012. 3. Campbell Richard, Christopher R. Martin and Bettina Fabos. Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication. Bedford: St. Martin’s, 2010. 4. Caughie, John. Theories of Authorship: A Reader. London: Routledge,198l. 5. Curran, James, Natalie Fenton and Des Freedman, Misunderstanding the Internet 42

Londoir. Routledge, 2012. 6. Curran, James. Media and Democracy. London: Routledge, 2011. 7. Dennis, Everette. E and Robert. W. Synder. ed. Media and Democracy. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1998. 8. Downing, John. Ed. The Sage Handbook of Media Studies. California: Sage Publications, 2004. 9. Fourie, Pieter.J, Media Studies: Media History, Media and Society, Claremont: Juta and Company Ltd, 2010. 10. Guyan, William. The Routledge Companion to Film History. London: Routledge, 2010. 11. Hawke, Christopher. Visible Mind: Movies, Modernity and the Unconscious. London: Routledge, 2013. 12. Jackson, Kevin. The Language of Cinema. London: Routledge, 1998. 13. Japp, Philip.M, Mark Meister and Debra K. Japp. Ed. Communication Ethics, Media and Popular Culture. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2005. 14. Jeong, Seung-hoon. Cinematic Interfaces: Film theory after New Media. London: Routledge, 2013. 15. Kline, Daniel T. Ed. Digital Gaming Re-imagines the Middle Ages. London: Routledge, 2013. 16. Mitchell, Claudia and Jacqueline Reid- 'Walsh. Researching Children's Popular Culture: The Cultural Spaces of Childhood. London: Routledge, 2013. 17. Moritz, Charlie. Scriptwriting for the Screen. London: Routledge, 2008. 18. Murray, Simone. The Adaptation Industry: The Cultural Economy of Contemporary Literary Adaptations. London: Routledge, 2013. 19. Thomas, Lyn. Fans. Feminisms and 'Quality' Media. London: Routledge, 2002. 20. Turow, Joseph. Media Today: An Introduction to Mass Communication. UK: Taylor & Francis, 2008. 21. Villarejo, Amy. Film Studies: The Basics. London: Routledge, 2013. 22. Barker, Chris. A Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies. New York: Sage Pub, 2004. 43

Core Course 12 Classics Revisited- Bhasa, Kalidasa and Shakespeare Course Code: pclm3136 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to give the students the idea of the great Indian classical drama and compare the works of Bhasa and Kalidasa with the plays of Shakespeare. The objective is to create awareness about the similarities and differences between these playwrights in the concept of drama, in the cultural, linguistic, literary and dramaturgical aspects of ancient Indian dramas and the plays of Shakespeare which inherits the classical European plays and tragedies. The study of the modern renderings of these dramas are a unique aspect of this study

Teaching Learning activities The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching- learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many, in addition to the lecture classes, book reading sessions, reviews, audio &video presentations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching. The students have to act a scene from the plays which are given for special study.

Module –1 Introduction to the plays of Bhasa, Kalidasa and Shakespeare Reading of Bhasa: Svapnavasavadatta, Urubhanga, Karnabhara Reading of Kalidasa: Abhijnanasakuntala,Vikramorvasiya

Module –2 Introduction to the plays of Shakespeare- Reading of King Lear, Tempest

Module –3 Adaptation of the plays of Bhasa, Kalidasa and Shakespeare in classical and modern theatre. Indigenous theatre of Kavalam Narayana Panikker. The confluence of the Margi and Desi style in Literature and theatre – study of the adaptation of the plays in Television and Cinema. New Interpretations –Post colonial readings.

Module –4  Re-assessment of the plays based on racial, colonial, caste, gender and humanistic values  Performance of an act from Urubhanga or Karnabhara or King Lear

REFERENCE 1. The Abhijnanasakuntalam of Kalidasa, (ed) M.R.Kale 2. Indian Lavya Literature by Warder A.K 3. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature by M. Krishnamachariar 4. Bhasanatakachakram of Bhasa 5. Tempest of Shakespeare 6. King Lear of Shakespeare 7. Svapnavasavadatta 8. Dasarupaka of Dhananjaya 45

9. India’s Shakespeare by Poonam Trivedi and dennis Bartholomeusz,Delhi: Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt Ltd, 2005

Semester 4 Core course 13 Seminar course/ Dissertation/Project Course code pcls 3137 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives

 The aim is to give training to the students to study a topic of academic relevance persistently and reasonably and record or report the study and its findings with proof and discussion in a systematic way.

Submission of Dissertation

 Dissertation/project/ monograph is attached to the final semester MA program. Project means a regular program work with stated credits which the student undergoes under the supervision of a teacher in the department. The dissertation should follow a consistent and scientific disciplinary/ Interdisciplinary methodology.

 MA 4th semester students have to submit a dissertation at the end of the programme as per regulation. A subject or text may be taken for comparative study and a dissertation may be prepared in English using the standard norms of writing dissertations in about 50-60 pages. MLA style sheet may be consulted for writing the thesis.

 Or it may be a translation of a work of fiction or part of a fiction or poems from Malayalam to English. The translation project must have minimum 50 pages typed using the font Times new Roman size 12 double space. In doing translation project the translation should carry the copy of the original appended to it. 46

 The dissertation/translation project must be formally submitted on the stipulated date to the Department which may be forwarded to Exam Branch for onward valuation.

Evaluation of Dissertation

 The Assessment of dissertation will have 2 components.

1) Internal evaluation by the Department carrying half of credits.

2) External Evaluation carrying half of the credits.

 External Evaluation is done by the Guide and external Examiner separately.

ELECTIVE COURSES

Elective Course 1 Selections from Indian Literature Course Code: pclm 3138 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to give the students an idea of the great Indian literature which is a totality of literatures produced in the many Indian languages. The variety and plurality of Indian literatures produced is introduced through selections from renowned works available in translation. The objective is to create awareness about the cultural, linguistic and literary diversity of India and its contemporary achievements in comparable terms. More over the course is expected to give inspiration for reading Indian literature.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many, in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Module- 1 Selections from Ancient and Classical Literature 50

A) General introduction to the history of ancient and classical Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil languages and literature with a brief historical overview of early society and culture B) Reading of the following in English/Malayalam Translation 1. Rigvedic hymns- (1) Agnimeele purohitam(2) Ushas (1.92) 2. Buddhist Jataka – first two 2 stories 3. Panchatantra –‘Mitralabha’ portion 4. Sangham Literature Akam and Puram one poems each 5. Silappatikaram 6. Itihasas Valmikiramayana Sundarakanda and Mahabharata Sabhaparva 7. Kumarasambhava of Kalidasa

Module 2 Selections from Medieval Literature A) General Introduction to the history of Medieval Indian languages and Literatures, The development of Indian Vernaculars, and Bhakti movement and its features-Major saints, poets and works during the Bhakti movement- theme and lyrical form-The flourish or dance, music and poetry-stotras and kirtanas-bhajans-abhangas-Radhakrishna worship- art and literature during the Mugal period-Urdu literature-gazhals.

B) Reading of the following in English/Malayalam Translation 1. Antal, 3 poems 2. Kampar, Ramayana Balakanda 3. Ezhuthachan, Adhyatmaramayanam –(Sita’s abduction) 4. Tulsidas, Ramayana- (Rama’s meeting and marriage with Sita) 5. Kabir, selected 10 poems 6. Tukaram and Namadev-selected 5 poems each 7. Jayadeva, Gitagovinda 8. Mira, Bhajan selected 5 bhajans 9. Sankaracharya , Bhajagovindam 10. Tyagaraja, kirtana( pancharatna kirtanas)

Module- 3 Selections from Modern Indian Literature A) General Introduction to Colonial period- Western Education- Changes in society- literature under the influence of the west-renaissance-social change-New geners- National Struggle for independence-tradition and modernity conflict and concordance- General Introduction and who is who of Pre Independence and Post independence writers in Indian languages-Jnanapeeth award winners-Indian English writing.

B) Reading of the following writers in Malayalam/ English Translation Bankim Chandra-Ravindranth Tagore- Tarasankar Bandopadhyay-Premchand- - Asapurnadevi-Shivaram Karanth-Mahasveta Devi-Khandekar (Yayati)-Amrita Preetam- Jayakantan

Module- 4 Selections from Indian Literature in Translation & Indian English Literature A) Indian Literature in Translation 1. N. Pichumurti, National Bird ( Tamil Poems) 2. Dhoomil, Traitor (Hindi Poems) 3. Benoy Majumdar, Four Poems(Bengali Poems) 4. Amrita Preetam, Bread of Dreams, resigned (Punjabi poems) 5. Gopalakrishna Adiga, Well Frog (Kannada) 6. Premchand, Godan (novel) 7. Kadammanitta, Far and Boon (poem) 8. Mahasvetadevi –Bayen (Drama) 9. O.V. Vijayan- Legend of Khassak Malayalam novel)

B) Indian English Literature 1. Khushvant Sing, Train to Pakistan 2. Arndhati Roy, God of Small things 3. R.K.Narayanan, The Guide 4. Kamala Das, A Man in a season and the Sunshine Cat 5. A.K. Ramanujam’s Poems

REFERENCE 1. K.M.George, Comparative Indian Literature 2 Vols Saitya Academy, New Delhi 2. Ayyappa Panikkar, Tr. Raghuvamsam Malayalam Translation, Kottayam: DC Books, 2011 3. Winternitze, History of Indian Literature 2 vols. Motilal Banarsi Dass Delhi 4. AA Mcdonnel , History of Sanskrit Literature, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1997 5. AA Mcdonnel, Vedic Reader for students, new Delhi: Motilal Benarsidass,1995 6. Kale, MR, Panchatantra of Vishnusarman, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,1999 7. AB Keith, A History of Sanskrit Literature new Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 2010 8. Ulloor S. Paramesvara Iyyer, Kerala Sahitya Charitram, 6 vols. 9. Cowell E B, The Jataka Stories of Buddha’s Former Births 6 vols. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 1999. 10. Marie Masaeus-Higgins, Jatakamala or Garland of Birth Stories. New Delhi: Satguru, 1998. 11. Sumangala, Ed. Panchatantram. Kottayam. DC Books 2002 12. Sudha Varma. Tulasidasa: A Bibliography. New Delhi: BR1998 13. Prasad RC. Tulasidasa’s Shriramacharitamanasa. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1992 14. Barbara Stoler Miller. The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva Love song of the Dark God. Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi, 1997 15. Prema Nandakumar, Poems of Subramania Bharati, New Delhi: Sahitya Academy, 1997 16. Mohan Sing Karkai.Kabir Selected couplets from the Sakhi in Transversion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2001. 17. J. Nelson Fraser and K.B. Marathe kb Marathe. The Poems of Tukarama. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass 1991. 18. Nirmal Dass (tr.) Songs of Kabir from the Adi Granth .Delhi: Sri Sarguru Publications 1992. 19. A.J. Alston Tr. The Devotional Poems of Mirabhai. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1980 20. Vidya Dehajia. Antal and Her Path of Love Delhi: Sri Satgutu Publications, 1992.

21. G.N.Das,Tr. Couplets from Kabir (Kabir Dohe). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass 1999 22. C.D. Narasimhaiah. An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Madras Macmillan India Ltd, 1990 23. Poems of Love And War selected and translated by A.K Ramanujam from Eight Anthologies and Ten Long poems of Classical Tamil in The Oxford India Ramanujan, ed. By Molly Daniels-Ramanujam, Oxford Univ. Press, Delhi, 2004. 24. UR Anantamurthy. Samskara- A rite for dead man. Tr. By A.K Ramanujam. Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996 25. Rabindranath Tagore.Gitanjali. 26. Rabindranath Tagore. Gora. Delhi: Sahitya academy, 2001 27. Rabindranath Tagore. Gora. tr. V.R Paramesvaran Pilla, Sahitya Academi, 1999 28. Sreekrshna Alanahally. Pavathan, tr. AVM Narayanan, Kozhikkode: Mathrubhumi, 2006 29. Vijayan O.V. The legends of Khasak. New Delhi: Penguin, 1994 30. Thakazhi Sivasakara Pillai. Chemmeen. Mumbai: Jaico,1999 31. Chandumenon. Indulekha. Tr. By Anitha Devasya. New Delhi: Oxford University press, 2006 32. Chandu Menon. Indulekha. Kottayam: D C Books, 2003 33. T H Griffiths tr. Rigveda

Elective course 2

Readings from Malayalam Literature

Course Code: pclm3139

Credits 4

Aims and objectives 1. To initiate the students of comparative literature to procure a comprehensive knowledge of Malayalam literature which is the regional literature of the area

2. To read Malayalam literature with proper cultural and literary interpretation in comparative perspective

3. By providing the history of Malayalam literature the students will have the knowledge of their literary past and relate the Malayalam literature to the larger contexts of national and global literature

Teaching Learning activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the subjects concerned. The students are encouraged to read as many literary works of different categories as possible. Lecture classes, reading sessions, seminars, assignments and tutorials are designed as methods of teaching.

Module-1 Introduction to Malayalam Poetry- Origin and development- Ancient and medieval- Manipravalam- Poetry- Modern Poetry- kavithrayam- Literary Movements- Prominent Poets- Various forms- New trends in forms and themes. Readings 1. Nalini - Kumaranasan 2. Ramanan - Changambuzha Krishna Pillai 3. Sreerekha - Vailoppilly Sreedhara Menon 4. Vikku - Sacchidanandan 5. Mrigasikshakan- Vijayalakshmi

Module-2 Introduction to Malayalam Novel- Origin- Early Novels- Historical and Social Novels- Modern and Post Modern Vedas- Prominent Novelists- Experiments in narration- Cyber novels.

Readings

1. Marthandavarma - C.V Raman Pillai

2. Chemmeen - Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai

3. Patthummayude Adu - Vaikkom Muhammed Basheer.

4. Nalukettu - M.T Vasudevan Nair

5. Vyasanum Vighneswaranum - Anand

6. Nashtapetta Neelambari - Madhavikutty 56

7. Aathi - Sarah Joseph

8. Aadujeevitam - Benyamin

Modlule-3 Malayalam Drama- Sanskrit and Tamil traditions- Modern Drama- Political drama- Drama and Social change- Prominent Plays- Writers- Indigenous Theatre- New Trends in Drama

Readings

1. Lankalakshmi - C.N Sreekantan Nair

2. Crossbelt - N.N Pillai

3. Avanavan Kadamba - Kavalam Narayana Panicker

4. 1128- il Crime 27 - C.J Thomas

5. Soothradharan - K.T Muhammed

6. Ravunni - Taj

7. Etho Chirakadiyochakal - G. Sankara Pillai

8. Kalamkari - Sreeja Arangottukara

Module-4 Short Stories and other literary genres- Malayalam short story- Origin and developments- Folk tales and Myths- Early works- Modern and Contemporary works- Famous short story 57 writers- Satires- Biographies- Auto Biographies- Travelogues- Children Literature- Films Script- Translation

Readings (Fiction)

1. Cholamarangal - K.Saraswathy Amma

2. Nizhagandhi - S. K Pottekkad

3. Chalakan - M. Mukundan

4. Sakunam - Kovilan

5. Arimbara - O.V Vijayan

6. Gouri - T. Padmanabhan

7. Otthutheerppukal - Ashitha

8. Itha ivide Varayude

Parasya Vandi Purappedunnu- Zacharia

Readings (Others)

1. Asante Seethakavyam - Sukumar Azhikode. (Criticism) 2. ‘Auto Machine’ - V.K.N.(Satire) 3. Jeevithapatha - Cherukkad. (Autobiography) 4. Narayana Guru Swami - M.K.Sanu. (Biography) 5. Prathinayakan - Balachandran Chullikkad. (Poetry Translation)

6. Agniparvathangalude Thazhvarayil - Zacharia. (Travelogue)

7. Tottochan - Kiroyanagi Thetusko. (Children’s Literature, trans) 58

8. Oru Koottam Urumbukal- G.Sankara Pillai. (Children’s Drama)

REFERENCE

1. Achyuthan, M. Cherukatha: Innale Innu. D.C.Books, Kottayam, 1973. 2. Anilkumar, V.S. (ed). Ezhuthum Vayanayum. Sahitya Academy, 3. New Delhi, 2011. 4. Balakrishnan, Kalpetta. Charithra Novel Malayalathil. Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur, 2005. 5. Benjamin, D. Novel Sahitya Padanangal. Maluban Publications, Thiruvananthapuram, 2010. 6. Chummar, T.M, Padya Sahitya Charitram. National Book Stall, Kottayam, 1960. 7. George, K.M. (ed). Sahitya Charithram Prasthanangaliloote. Sahitya Pravathaka Co- operative Society, Kottayam, 1998. Krishna Chaithanya, A History Of Malayalam Literature. Orient Longman Ltd, Bombay, 1971. 8. Krishna Pillai, N, Kairaliyude Katha. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2005. 9. Leelavathi, M. Malayala Kavitha Sahitya Charithram. Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur, 2011. 10. Parameswara Iyer, S. Ulloor, Kerala Sahitya Charitram. University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 1990.

READING 1. Appan, K.P. Katha: Akhyanavum Anubhasatthayum. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 1999. 2. Ayyappa Panicker, K. et.al.(ed). 100 Varsham 100 Katha. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 1999. 3. Gopalakrishnan, Naduvattom. Ramacharitha Padanathinoru Amukham.2012. 4. Gramaprakash, N.R. Prathyayasasthravum Natakavum. Naveena Drisyakala, Thrissur, 1997. 5. Harikumar M.K. Katha Adhunikathaykku Sesham. Prabhat Book House, 59

Thiruvananthapuram, 2000. 6. Ikkavamma. Thottaykattu. Subhadrarjjunam. Prof. P. Sankaran Nambiar Foundation, Thrissur, 2002. 7. Joypaul, K. C N. Sreekandan Nair Malayalathinte Ibsen. G.Sankarapillai Smaraka Nataka Padanakendram, Thrissur, 2003. 8. Kishor kumar, K.V and N.B. Ramesh, (ed). Adiyanthiraavasthayile Katha . Aksharam Publications, Thiruvananthapuram, 2002. 9. Leelavathi, M. Sthree Svathvavishkaram Adhunika Malayala Sahityathil. Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur, 2008. 10. Madhusoodhanan. G. Kathayum Paristhithiyum. Current Books, Kottayam, 2000. 11. Mini Prasad, (ed). Madhavikutti kathakal: Oru Penvayana. Olive Publications, Kozhikode, 2011. 12. Mohanan, K.P. Edassery Kavitha: Silpa Vicharam. Prof. P. Sankaran Nambiar Foundation, Thrissur, 2006. 13. Mukundan. M. Sunyathakandam. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2003. 14. Murali, B. 100 Kathakal. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2013. 15. Narayana Panicker, Kavalam. Avanavan Kadamba. Poorna Publications, Kozhikode, 2009. 16. Paul, M.P: Sahitya Vicharam. Lipi Publications, Kozhikode, 2005. 17. Pillai, N.N. N.N. Pillaiyude Sampoorna Natakangal. Current Books, Kottayam, 2009. 18. Rajakrishnan, V. Cherukathayude Chandass. Mathrubhumi Books, Kozhikode, 2008. 19. Sacchidanandan. Malayala Kavitha Padanangal. Mathrubhumi Books, Kozhikode, 2011. 20. Sankara Pillai, G. Etho Chirakadiyocchakal. D.C.Books, Kottayam, 1998. 21. Sankarakurup, G. Plavilatthoppikal: Kuttikalkulla 11 Natakangai. Kerala Samsthana Bala Sahitya Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 1991. 22. Santhosh, O.K. Kathal: Malayalathile Dalit Kavithakal. D.C.Books, Kottayam, 2012. 23. Sreekantan Nair, C.K. Natakatrayam. D.C.Books, Kottayam, 2001. 24. Taj, P.M. Tajinte Therenjedutha Natakangai. Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur, 1999. 60

25. Thomas, C.J. 1128-il Crime 27. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2012. 26. Unithiri, N.V.P. Balachandran Chullikkadinte Kavyaprapanjam. Chinta Publishers, Thiruvananthapuram, 2012. 27. Vinayachandran, D. (trans) Jalam Kondu Murivettavan: Federico Garzia Lorke. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 1993. 28. Zacharia. Zachariayude Katha. D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2002. 29. M.M. Basheer, Malayala cherukathasahitya charitram. Kerala sahitya academy, 2008 30. G. Sankara Pillai. Malayala natakasahitya charitram. Kerala sahitya Academy, 2005

Elective Course 3 Selections from Sanskrit Literature-Kalidasa’s Works Course Code: pclm3140 Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to give the students an idea of the great heritage of Sanskrit literature with a close reading of the works of Kalidasa. Classical Sanskrit literature and Sanskrit wisdom has been marginalized in modern Indian literature which is a totality of literatures produced in the many Indian languages. The richness of Sanskrit literature produced throughout the past thousands of years is introduced through selections from renowned works available in translation. The objective is to create awareness about the great poets and works in Sanskrit in comparable terms. More over the course is expected to give inspiration for reading Sanskrit literature.

Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system per the university regulations. Module-1 Introduction to Indian Kavya Literature – Literary traditions – Vedic, Puranic and Classical – Vedic Poets – Puranas and Itihasas – Poet Philosophers – Valmiki and Vyasa – Classical literature - Classical poets-Varieties of Literature – Poetry, Prose, Romance, Campu – Rupakas – Nataka and Mahakavya tradition.

Module-2 Kalidasa and Sanskrit Literature - Age of Kalidasa –Works-Mahakavya – Raghuvamsa and Kumarasambhava-Khandakavyas – Rtusamhara & Meghasandesa-Rupakas – Vikramorvasiya – Malavikagnimitra and Abhinjana Sakuntala-Kalidasa and Valmiki- Kalidasa and Vyasa

Module-3 Reading of the works

1. Abhinjanasakuntala (whole) 2. Raghuvamsa 2nd Canto

Understanding Kalidasa through Translations, Kalidasa translated in Regional Languages-Cross cultural studies through translations – Kalidasa study abroad – Post colonial studies-Influence of Kalidasa on writers.

Module-4 India in Kalidasa’s literature- Physical features – Nature-Flora and Fauna- Ecological and eco 62 aesthetic aspects- Territorial and political divisions – State and King-Polity and Jurisprudence- Social Classes- Dharmic values and Society - Reference to Arts and Architecture, court life, Trade & Commerce, Education and Literature-Kalidasa’s Religion and Philosophy-his world view.

REFERENCE

1. Kalidasa. Kumarasambhava of Kalidasa : Cantos (1-8) – (ed) Kale M.R, New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1995. 2. Devadhar C.R.(ed.) Suru N.G. (ed) Abhijanasakuntalam of Kalidasa –New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1991 3. Satya Vrat Shastry. Kalidasa in Modern Sanskrit Literature.

Delhi :Eastern Book Linkers, 1991

4. Satya Vrat Shastry. New Experiments in Kalidasa (plays), Eastern Book Linkers, 1994 5. Gautam V Patel (ed.) Meghaduta. Ahemdabad : Sanskrit Seva samiti, 1997 6. Nadgikar G.R. Meghadutam of Kalidasa. New Delhi : Bharatiya Book Corporation, 1998 7. Kale. M.R. (ed.)The Meghadutam of Kalidasa. 1997 8. Shradha Shukla (ed.) Raghuvamsam (Canto XIII)- New Delhi, Nirmal, 1998 9. Kale M.R. (ed.) The Abhinjanasakuntam of Kalidasa New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1994 10. Giri Goswamy Prahlad, ed. Meghadutam . New Delhi : Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1992 11. Nantheswarakumara Thripati (ed.) Raghuvamsa Mahakavyam (6-7) Sarga, Varanasi : Bharatiya Vidya Sansthan. 12. Chandrasekhara Warrier R. Raghuvamsam (Malayalam translation) 13. Devadhar C.R. (ed.) Malavikagnimitram of Kalidasa. New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. 14. Devdhar C.R. (ed.) Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa –New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1997 63

15. Narang Satya Pal (ed.) Kalidasa- afresh (Kalidasa – Punarnava). New Delhi : Nag, 1997. 16. Dr.Gautam Patel (ed.) Kumarasambhava 17. Punnasseri Nambi, Six Lectures on Raghuvamsa. Govt. Sanskrit College, Tripunithura 18. N.V.P.Unithiri, Raghuvamsa with Salaksana. Calicut University, 2002. 19. M.R. Kale, ed. Raghuvamsa – (I -V) Delhi: Motilal Banarsi dass, 1997. 20. Ramarajan Mukharjee. Global Aesthetics and Sanskrit Poetics, 1998. 21. C.D. Narasimhaiah. East West Poetics at Work. Sahitya Academi,1994. 22. M.R.Kale. Meghaduta . Motilal, 1969 23. A.K. Wader. Indian Kavya Literature 24. Bhagwat Saran Apadhyaya . India in Kalidasa . New Delhi : S.Chand and Co. 1968 25. Kalidasa– Journal of Kalidasa Academi– Ujjain, Vol I – 1982. Vol-III, 1987, Vol. IV-1998, Vol.V- 1989, Vol VI – 1990 26. Jagadish Sharma, Kalidasa Bibiliography – Part I (Telugu). Kalidasa Academi, Ujjain 1996 27. P.V.Kane. History of Sanskrit Poetics , New Delhi : Motilal Banarasidass 1987 28. Psychological Studies in Rasa, Rakeshgupta – 1950 Department of Hindi Studies, BHU Varanasi. 29. S. P. Narang . Juridical Studies in Kalidasa –– Delhi: RSKS., , 1996. 30. S.S. Janaki . Sanskrit Drama in Theory & Practice. RSKS. 1995, New Delhi.

Elective 4

Computer and Language Studies

Course Code: pclm 3141

Credits 4

Aims and Objectives

1. Equip students with the skill to use Computer and Internet for language learning 2. To teach the tools for e-learning of literature; Web libraries, Lexicon, Translation etc.. 3. To familiarize the students with Social net working and Publication in a electronic media

Teaching Learning Activity

The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many ,in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching. The students will be given practical classes in the use of Computer and Internet.

Evaluation

Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system per the university regulations. 65

Module-1

Computer assisted language learning (CALL)- Mobile assisted language learning (MALL)- Human Language Technologies- Listening, Speaking and Pronunciation- Speech Synthesis- Speech Recognition- Parsing- Audiotape based language labs- Network based language teaching (NBLT)- Transmission models of teaching and learning- Computer mediated communication.

Module-2

Hyper text- Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)- Word Processing- Copy Editing- Editing tools- editing and proof reading symbols- checking facts- correcting language- typography- typesetting process- press copy- preparation of index- preparation of foot notes- style sheet- Fonts- Transliteration- Diacritical marks.

Module-3

Assessing Literary corpus through Internet- Online Library- E Publishing- E Magazines- E Journals- Blogs- Preservation and Documentation of rare works in Sanskrit and other languages- Digital Libraries- On line Dictionaries and Thesaurus- Social networks and literary forums.

Module-4

Application of Computer in Lexicography- Computational linguistics- Corpora- Machine/ Automatic Translation- Machine aided human translation- Human aided machine translation- Exclusive machine Translation- Online Language Translation services- Translation Process- Approaches of translation- Major issues in Machine Translation- Useful Soft wares.

REFERENCE 1. Basi, Harikumar. Automatic Translation. Thiruvananthapuram: The International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 1994. 2. Eynde, Frank Van. ed. Linguistics Issues in Machine Translation. Pinter publishers Limited, 1993. 3. Heid, Jim. HTML and Web Published Secrets. New Delhi: Comdex, 1997. 4. Pfaffenberger, Bryan and David Wall. Computer and Internet Dictionary. Prentice- Hall, 1998. 5. Warschauer, Mark and Richard Kern. Ed. Network- based Language Teaching: Concepts and Practices. Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Elective Course 5 Cultural Studies Course Code: pclm3142 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to introduce the key concepts of cultural studies, its methods and its relation to the various branches of knowledge. The objective is to give first hand knowledge about the contemporary cultural theory and practice. The course equips the students with the tools of the socio cultural approaches which are placed within the broad format of the Comparative Literature and Theory. The course focuses on the possibilities offered by the field to rethink our world and unsettle taken for granted assumptions. Special attention is given to the role of cultural studies in Indian context.

Teaching Learning Activity 67

The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Lecture classes, seminars, assignments and tutorials are designed as methods of teaching.

Module- 1 Introduction to cultural studies-its relevance – origins and evolution- early years-Richard Hoggart- Raymond Williams-Stuart Hall -the term culture- definitions of culture –Mass culture and Mass media- Popular fiction- Diverse fields of study- Multidisciplinary-Creation of meanings in culture-social, political and historical foundations - British Cultural materialism- American multiculturalism- Althusser- Gramsci- Adorno- Julia Kristeva- Simon During- and other thinkers in this field – Social Class- Ideology -Nationality - Ethnicity - Gender- Hegemony- Agency- Globalization- Cultural wars -Studies in the context of India- Homi. K. Bhaba.

Module- 2 Fields of cultural study-Culture and nature-Culture as symbol-Culture as language- Culture and Semiology-phenomenology-ritual-Structuralism and semiotic analysis of culture- Cultural politics-Feminism and cultural studies- Masculinity and Cultural studies- Gender and Identity- Marxism and Cultural studies- Psychoanalysis and Cultural studies- Culture and Media-Mass Culture-Advertisements- Consumerism-Gender creation through Media- Urbanization and culture- Popular culture - Folk culture- Subalternity- Translation-Visual culture-Post Modern Cultural Identities-Corporate Culture-Internet culture-Dalith voice. 68

Module 3 Key Concepts : Author, text, Body, Carnivalesque, Circuit of Culture, Citizenship, Civil Society, Class, Common Culture, Consumption, Cultural Capital, Cultural Materialism, Base and super structure- Means of communication as means of production- cultural Industry-Dialogic, Discourse- Gender-Hybridity-Identity- Ideology- Logocentrism-Mass Culture- Multiculturalism- Multiple Identity- Narration- Orientalism and Occidentalism- Paradigm- Phallocentrism- High Culture-Popular Culture- Sub culture- hermeneutics –Power- Race- Representation- Self Identity- Subjectivity- Text- Youth Culture

Module 4 Gendered Subaltern Sexuality and the State: Maya Pandit Empire, Nation and the Literary Text: Susie Tharu and K Lalitha Translating the Nation and Translating the Subaltern: Meena T Pillai Introduction of Culture and Psyche: Sudhir Kakar Breast Stories: Mahaswetha Devi: translated by Gayathri Chakravorthi Spivak The House of Blue Mangoes: by David Davidar ‘No more school girl and Today’s fairy tale’: Menka Shivadasini from the collection Nirvana at Ten Rupees ‘The God’s Wake Up, Maariamma and Becoming a Brahmin’ : Meena Kandaswamy ‘An Astrologer’s Day’ and ‘Lawley Road’ by R.K Narayan Hayavadana by Girish Garnad

REFERENCE

1. Barker, Chris. A Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies. New York: Sage Pub, 2004. 2. Barker, Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice: New York: Sage Pub, 2011. 3. Davidar, David. The House of Blue Mangoes. New York: Harper Perennial, 2003. 4. Davies, Joan, Cultural Studies and Beyond: Fragments of Empire. London and New York: Rutledge, 1995. 69

5. Devi, Mahaswetha. Breast Stories. Trans. Gayathri Chakravorthi Spivak. The university of Michigan: Seagull Books, 1997. 6. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983. 7. Guerin, Wilfred, et al. A handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Fifth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 8. Kakar, Sudhir. Culture and Psyche: Psychoanalysis and India. New York: Psyche Pr, 1997. 9. Pramod, Nayar. K. An Introduction to Cultural Studies. New Delhi: Viva Books, 2009. 10. Punter, David (ed.) An Introduction to Cultural Studies. London: Longman, 2002. 11. Shivadasini, Menaka. Nirvana at Ten Rupees. University of Michigan: XAL-Praxis, 1990.

READING

1. Lawrence Grossberg, (ed.) Paula A Treichler (Ed.) Cultural Studies. London: Rout ledge, 1992. 2. Tonny Bennet, Culture a reformer’s science. London: sage. 1996. 3. Simon During, (Ed.) The Cultural Studies Reader. London: Routledge, 1995. 4. Angelica Barmer, (Ed.) Displacements: Cultural Identities in question. Bhookington: Indiana, 1994. 5. David Morley (Ed.) Kuan hsing Chan (Ed.) Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, 1996. 6. Geeti Sen, (Ed.) Crossing Boundaries. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1991. 7. John Farmas. Cultural Theory and Late Modernity. New Delhi: Sage, 1995. 8. Jim Mc Guigan (Ed.) Cultural Methodologies. London: Sage, 1997. 9. Kieth Tester, Moral Culture. New Delhi: Sage, 1997. 10. Tim O’Sullivan, John Hartley. Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, 1996. 70

11. Elin Diamond, (Ed.) Performance and Cultural Politics. London: Routledge, 1996. 12. Brian T. Riley, Sociolinguistics: Language in Culture and Society. New Delhi: Cosmo, 2000. 13. Mac G Anderson, (ed.) Borders, Boundaries and Frames: Essay in Cultural Criticism and Cultural Studies. New York, Rutledge, 1955. 14. John Leap, (Ed.) Locating cultural Creativity. London, Pluto, 2000. 15. James R, Wilson and Stan Lee Roy Wilson. Mass Media Mass Culture: an introduction New York, McGraw Hill, 2001. 16. Tony Miller, (Ed.) A companion to Cultural Studies. Massachusetts Black well, 2001. 17. Raveendran P.P., Samskarapathanam Oru Amukham. Kottayam: D C Books 18. Tim Middleton, (Ed.) Modernism: critical concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies (5 vols.). London: Rutledge, 2003. 19. Chris Barker, Dariusz Galasinski. Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis: A Dialogue on Language and Identity. London: Sage, 2001. 20. Jeff Lewis, Cultural Studies: the Basics. London: Sage, 2002. 21. Chris Barker, Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: Sage 2009. 22. Andrew Milner, Re-Imaging Cultural Studies the promise of Cultural Materialism. London: Sage, 2002. 23. Martin Conboy, The Press and Popular Culture. London: Sage, 2001. 24. John Hartley, A Short History of Cultural studies. London, Sage, 2003. 25. Chris Barker, Making Sense of cultural Studies. Central problems and Critical Debates. London: Sage, 2002 26. Jane Stokes, How to do Media and cultural Studies. London: Sage 2003. 27. Chris Baker, The Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London: Sage, 2oo4 28. David Bell, Cyber Cultures: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Routledge, 2006. 29. Morag Shiach, Feminism and Cultural Studies. Oxford University Press. 1999. 30. Raymond Williams, Culture and Materialism. Verso, 1981. 71

31. Philip Smith, Cultural theory- An Introduction. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 2001. 32. John Storey and Graeme Turner, Cultural Studies in Practice. London: Arnold,1999. 33. Yogendra Sing, Cultural Change in India identity and Globalization. Delhi: Rawat Pub., 2003. 34. Yogendra Sing, Ideology and theory in Indian Sociology. Delhi: Rawat Pub. 2004.

Elective Course 6

Lexicography Indian Traditions

Course Code: pclm3143

Credits 4

Aims and objectives

This course aims to introduce the major concepts of Indian Lexicography. India has been the land of wisdom and the achievements of the ancient people in various branches of knowledge especially in language and linguistic analysis is noteworthy. They were experts in making lexicons of different kinds with precision. The course gives the methods of lexicography in ancient India and Its objective is to give the students a thorough knowledge of the fundamental principles of lexicography and its relation to modern theory developed in the west prominently in Europe with interdisciplinary perspectives. This programme is introduced as beginners referring to the history, basic concepts, theories and methodologies of traditional lexicography.

Teaching Learning activities

The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the subjects concerned. Lecture classes, seminars, assignments and tutorials are designed as methods of teaching.

Evaluation

Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar(1 No.) and test paper(1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system as per the university regulations.

Module- 1 Elementary ideas of Lexicography as an applied branch of Linguistics. Types of dictionaries – monolingual Vs. Billingual, General Vs. special learner’s etymological technical etc..- Encyclopedia. Thesaurus etc.. Essential features of a dictionary - Criteria of entry for different linguistic items.

Module-2 Rich Indian tradition in Lexicology in Sanskrit, Nighantu Nirukta, Amarakosa and others. Comparison with modern dictionaries.

Module-3 Modern dictionaries of Indian Languages a survey with special reference to Malayalam and

Hindi. Malayalam lexicon current status.

Module-4 General discussion about various problems and challenges facing lexiocographers. Application of Computers as lexicographic tool. On-line dictionaries.

REFERENCE 1. Lexicography, By Sr. Ram Adhar Singh (CIFL Mysore)

2. Lexicography in India, By Sr. B.E Misra (CIFL Mysore)

3. History of Sanskrit Lexicography, By Sri. Madhukar M. Patkar (Munshiram Manoharlal) 4. Nighantukkal Malayalathil, by Smt. Omana. P.V (Malayalam)

5. Vagartha Vicharam, By Sri S Guptan Nair (Kerala Language Institute)

6. Amarakosa, (Ed) Prof. A.A Ramanathan, (Adayar Library & Research centre)

7. Niruktam, Dr. Umasankar Sharma (Choukhamba)

8. Malayalam Lexicon, (Ed) Sooranad Kunjan Pillai (Kerala University )

Elective 7 Creative Writing Course Code: pclm3144 Credits 4

Aims and objectives 1) Develop students skill in using English language 2) Introduce the basic concepts of creative writing of poetry and fiction 3) Develop skills in literary analysis and critical writing

Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system as per the university regulations. The assignment in the case of creative writing course should be an original piece of creative writing either poem or short story as assigned by the instructor according to the taste of the student.

Module- 1 Word classes, Words, phrases, clauses and sentences, verb and tense, anomalous finites and non finites, regular and irregular verbs, active voce and passive voice, sequence of tenses, reported speech. 75

Module- 2 Introducing poetic forms and their various aspects-meter, rhyme, rhythm, figures of speech etc. Reading:  Sonnet-Shakespeare’s sonnet No.xxx  Epic-Paradise Lost first 69 lines  Ode-Ode to Nightingale by Shelly  Dramatic Monologue-Ulysses by Tennyson  Last segment of The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot

Module- 3 Introducing forms of fiction and their various aspects –different types of Novel –different types of short story- plot- narrative techniques- language and style Reading: 1. Charles Dickens . Hard Times. 2. Chinua Achabe. Things Fall Apart 3. Henri. The Gift of the Magi 4. Oscar Wilde. The Happy Prince

Module- 4 Essential Reading sessions: ten short stories and ten short poems. Workshop sessions: one poetry workshop and one short story workshop. Student will present one original short poem and original short story in English or in Malayalam. Responses: Appreciation of poetry and fiction- You tube Recitals -writing of reviews- - summary-reports-short criticism

REFERENCE 1. Hornby, AS. A guide to the Patterns and Usage in English, ELBS 2. Shaik Maula. Interactions in English. University of Calicut 3. Wren and Martin. High School English Grammar and Composition, S.Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi 76

4. Mc Mordie W. English Idioms and How to use them. OUP, Delhi 5. Williams, H.M. and Subrahmanian A.. An Essential English Grammar with Usage and Composition. Anu Chitra Publications, Madras 6. Wood FT and Flavell R.H. Current English Usage. Macmillan 7. Moothathu VK. Practical English Grammar and composition. Winners Publishers, Kottayam 8. Collins CH. One Word and other. Longmans. 9. O’Brien Terry. Read write Right. Rupa Publishers, New Delhi 10. Hudson, W.H. An Introduction to the Study of English Literature. 11. Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Macmillan 12. Blackstone, Bernard. Practical English Prosody. Longmans 13. Reeves, James. Critical Sense. English Book Depot, Ambala Cantt 14. Richards IA Practical Criticism 15. Sethuraman V.S. Practical Criticism 16. F.R. Leavis. The great tradition 17. Selected Malayalam Short Stories. Fusion Books. NEW Delhi, 2004 18. Milen Kundera. The art of the Novel. 1988 19. Charles E Bressler. Literary Criticism : An Introduction to Theory and Practice, Longman, 2011

Elective Course 8 Readings from World Literature Course Code: pcls3145

Credits 4

Aims and objectives This course aims to give the students a proper introduction to the world literary scenario. Literatures produced in different parts of the world in different languages and geners are introduced through selections from renowned works available in translation. The objective is to 77 create awareness about the cultural, linguistic and literary diversity of the world and inculcate a cross cultural and transnational outlook among the students. More over the course is expected to give inspiration to read the literatures of the world which is the real playing field of comparative literature.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules: Drama, Poetry, Novel, short stories and other literature. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching -learning activity to cover the topics concerned. In addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching. The use of internet is recommended for the data of the literary sources concerned. Especially poems.

Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I no.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system per the university regulations. Module- 1 A brief introduction to the concept of world literature - origin and development of drama in the west and the east- great dramatists of the world and their works- reading and study of Bhasa- Kalidasa-Shakespeare-and the modern playwrights like Ibsen, Brecht, Miller, etc. 1. Shakespeare-Macbeth , Tempest 2. Kalidasa-Abhijnanasakuntala 3. Henrik Ibsen-Ghosts 4. Bertolt Brecht-Mother Courage and her Children 5. Arthur Miller-All my sons

Module- 2 A brief introduction to the origin and development of novel literature- great novelists of the world and their works-special reading and study of the following novels 1. Tolstoy-Anna Karinina 2. Dosteovsky-Brothers karamsov 3. Charles Dickens-Oliver Twist 4. Jane Austin –Pride and Prejudice 5. Victor Hugo-Les Miserables 6. Hemingway - The Old Man and the Sea 7. Gabriel Garcia Marqueze- One Hundred Years of Solitude 8. Paulo Coelho - The Alchemist

Module- 3 A Brief Introduction to the great poets of the ancient and medieval ages-Poets in the modern era and their works-literary movement-special reading and study of the poems of the following poets ( Use of internet suggested to read the poems) Wordsworth John Keats TS Eliot E E Cummings Pablo Neruda Sylvia Plath

Module- 4 Introduction to the tradition of tales and stories of the world- Panchatanra and Arabian Stories-reading and study of modern short stories Anton Chekkov O Henry Oscar Wilde Maupassant 79

Kafka

REFERENCE 1. Shakespeare, Macbeth, Hertfortshire:Wordsworth,1992 2. Shakespeare, Macbeth, Kottayam: Sahitya pravartaka Coop Society, 2010 3. Shakespeare, The Tempest. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003 4. Charles Boynce. Shakespeare A to Z Mumbai: Jaico, 1996 5. Cahterine MS Alexander, Shakespeare and Race. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000 6. Cahterine MS Alexander, Shakespeare and Sexuality. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001 7. Leo Tolstoy. Anna Karenina. Introduction and Notes by E.B. Greenwood, wordsworth Classics, 1999 8. Umberto Eco. Baudolino. Translated from the Italian by Silliam Weaver. Vintage, 1003 9. Charles Dickens. Oliver Twist Ed. Kathleen Tillotson. Oxford Univ. Press, 1966, Rpt 1998 10. Victor Hugo. Les Miserables Vol.1& Vol.2. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth, 1994 11. Victor Hugo., Pavangal. Vol.1&2. Kozhikkode: Mathrubhumi, 1997 12. Victor Hugo tr. Norman Denny. Les Miserables. London: Penguin, 1982 13. Paulo Coelho. The Alchemist. New Delhi: Haper Collins, 2005 14. Paulo Coelho. Alchemist. Kottayam: DC Books, 2000 15. Ravikumar V. kafkayude Kathakal Trissur: Current Books, 2002 16. Ernest Hemingway. The Oldman and the Sea. Calcutta, rupa, 1997 17. Pablo Neruda Selected Poems. Vintage 18. Sachidanandan K. Pablo Neruda oru pathanam, Kozhikkode, Mathrubhumi Books, 2006 19. Gabriel Garcia Marqueze, One Hundred Yeaars of Solitude, Penguin 20. Gabriel Garcia Marqueze, Love in the time of cholera. Delhi: Penguin, 186 21. Uniikrishnan V.K. tr., Kolarakalathe Pranayam. Kottayam: DC Books, 1997 22. Velayudhan S. Tr. Ekantatayute Nooru varshangal, Kottayam: DC Books 1995 23. Jane Austin. Pride and Prejudice. London: Penguin, 1994 80

24. Dostoevsky, Fyoder. The Brothers Karamasov. London: Vintage, 1992 25. Damodaran N.K. tr., Karamasov Sahodaranmar. Kottayam: Sahityapravarthaka coop society, 2000 26. Artther Miller. All My Sons. New Delhi: Oxford Univ.Press, 2003 27. Artther Miller, Arther Miller Plays. London: Methuen Drama, 2000 28. Bertolt Brecht. Mother Courage and her children tr. By Eric Bently, Intro. & notes by Ruby Chatterj. New Delhi:Oxford Univ. Press, 1985, 1994 29. Henrik Ibsen. Ghosts. Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi: 1989 rpt 2006 30. Michel Taylor. Shakespeare, Criticism in the twentieth Century. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001 31. Raymond Williams. Drama from Ibsen to Brecht. London: Chatto & Windus 32. Karol Martin Ed, Henry Bial ed. Brecht Source Book. London: Routledgfe, 2000 33. Frederic James. Brecht and Method. London: KARSO, 1988 34. Brecht B. Brecht collected Plays. Penguin 35. The complete short stories of Guy De Maaupassant. Delhi: Rupa. Co., 2002 36. The World’s Greatest Short Stories. Delhi: Jaico Publishing House, 1989, 1998. 37. Helen Habila, ed. The Granta Book of African Short Story. London: Granta Publications, 2011 38. P. Bayappa Reddy. Aspects of contemporary World Literature. Atlantic, new Delhi, 2008 39. Mallikarjun Patil., Studies in World Classics. Sarup Book Publishers, new Delhi, 2009 40. Arvind. M. Nawala.Panorama of world Literature. New Delhi: Authors press. 2012 41. David Damrosch, What is world Literature? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003 42. Manjit Inder Sing. Contemporary Diasporic Literature. Delhi: Pen craft international, 2010 43. David Damrosch, Natalie Melas, MBongiseni Bu Thelezi eds.) The Princeton source book in comparative Literature. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton and oxford, 2009. 44. Paul Jay. Global matters the Transnational Turn in Literary Studies. Carnel Univ. Press, 2010 45. Kalidasa. Abhijanasakuntala. 46. http//www.poemhunter.com 81

READING OF FICTON 1. Thomas Mann. The Holy Sinner, London Minerva, 1997 2. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the Dubervilles, London, penguin, 1994 3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers 4. Doris Lessing-Golden Notebook 5. Toni Morrison-Sula 6. William Golding. Lord of the flies 7. Umberto Eco. Foucaults pendulum 8. Milen Kundera. Slowness 9. Italo Calvino-Invisible Cities 10. Margaret Atwood – Edible woman 11. Orphan Pahmuk-White Castle 12. Jhumpa Lahiri-Interpretation of Maladies 13. Chinua Achebe- Anthills of the Savannah

Elective Course 9 Literature of the Marginalized Course Code: pcls 3146 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives The major attempt of this paper is to compare the issues of caste, class, community, race and gender in the African, Australian, American and Indian Dalit marginal writings. This paper tries to give a comparative analysis of the roots of marginality and its associated challenges not only in India but different parts of the world. Here, the focus is on the different strands of marginality. Issue of apartheid in Africa, aboriginal roots in Australia, black and white skin-discrimination in America and untouchability in India, are the different aspects on which this paper centers around.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Since the selections are many ,in addition to the Lecture classes, Book reading sessions, Reviews, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching.

Module -1  Introduction to the literature of the marginalized- Colonialism and Post Colonialism and Globalisation- The Concept of the marginalized - Ethnicity, Gender and Ideology in Subaltern Literature - Problems of Expression in Subaltern Literature- Discourse of Orientalism - Marginality and Identity Formation-Resistance in Subaltern Literature-Dalit and Minority literature in India

 Reading Poetry: Telephone Conversation : Wole Soyinka The Great Sin of Prejudice against Colour : Sojourner Truth On Women’s Dress: Sojourner Truth Cultural Exchange: Langston Hughes To be or not to be born : L.S Lokade They Eat out : Margaret Atwood The Naked Girl and Mirror : Judith Wright A Subaltern Love Song: John Betjeman Mother: Waman Nimbalkar Freedom and Her Hand: Jayanta Mahapatra 83

Module 2 – Reading Fiction Untouchable: Mulk Raj Anand Song of Solomon: Tony Morison My Place: Sally Morgan Rudali: Mahasewta Devi A woman who Thought She was a Plant and Therist : Vandana Singh.

Module 3 –Reading Non Fiction Gender Trouble: Feminism and Subversion of Identity: Judith Butler Retracing the concept of the subaltern from Gramsci toSpivak: Historical developments and new applications: El Habib Loua Articulation in a Foreign Tongue: Dalith Representation in the Indian Novel in English: Subhendu Mund "Speaking" Subalterns: A Comparative Study of African American and Dalit/Indian Literatures: Mantra Roy Voicing Slum-subaltern in Slumdog Millionaire Dr. A.J. Sebastian An unfinished story: The representation of adivasis in Indian feminist literature : Elen Turner

Module 4 –Reading of Dalit and folk Literature Towards the Aesthetics of Dalit Literature History Controversies and Considerations Sharan Kumar Limbale and Alok Mulkerjee

Akkarmashi : Sharan Kumar Limbale Karikee : Bama The Branded : Laxman Gaikwad The Quit : Ismat Chugtai Pulluvan Paattu 84

REFERENCE 1. Ahmed, Aiiaz. In Theory. Verso Books (July 1994) ISBN 978-0860916772 2. Banham, Martin, ed. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. New York : Cambridge, 1992. 3. Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex, ed. and Trans. H.M. Parshley. Harmondswerth: Penguin, 1983. 4. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffths and Helen Tiffin. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies, Routledge: 1998. 5. Bhabha, Homi K. “Unsatisfied: notes on vernacular cosmopolitanism.” Text and Nation: Cross-Disciplinary Essays on Cultural and National Identities. Ed. Laura Garcia-Moreno and Peter C. Pfeiffer. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1996: 191-207. 6. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York and London: Routledge, 1990. 7. Marquez Gabriel Gracia: One Hundred Years of Solitude. Harper and Row, 1967.ISBN 0-224-61853-9. 8. Dattani Mahesh. Tara. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publishers (ISSN 8175300035199) 9. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994. Guha, Ranajit and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Eds. Selected Subaltern Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 10. Merchant, Hoshang, Ed. Yaraana : Gay Writing from India. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1999. 11. Pathank, R.S. Indian English Literature; Marginalized Voices. New Delhi: 12. Creative Books, 2003. 13. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. "Can the Subaltern Speak?" in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Eds. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988: 271-313.

Elective Course 10 Introduction to Film Studies: Film and Literature Course Code: pcls3147 Credits 4

Module- 1 Introduction to the art of Cinema – A brief history of Cinema- World- Indian- Malayalam- Top Films directors and Actors- A brief Introduction to the Various Aspects of production Exhibition and Reception of Films.

Basic Reading 1. Richard Dyer “Introduction to Film Studies” in Oxford Guide to Film Studies, Eds Hill and Gibson. 2. Amy Villarjo, The Basics of Film Studies, Routledge, 2007.

Module- 2 Literate and Cinema Adaptation Theory- Classical Texts fiction and Plays into film Basic Reading: 1. Double Exposure: Fictions into Film by Joy Gould Boyum. 2. James Naremore: Film Adaptation, London, Athlone Press, 2000. 3. George Blue Stone: Novels into Film. Baltimore and London. The James Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Module- 3 Discussion of National Cultural, Semiotic, Gender, Race, Ideological aesthetic poser perspectives in cinema. Basic Reading: 1. Cultural Studies and Film by Graeme Turnoz. The Oxford Guide to Film Studies. 2. ‘Classic Film Theory and Semiotics’ by Antony Easthope, The Oxford Guide. 3. Shakespeare and Film: A Question of Perspective by a Katharine Belsey. 86

4. Shakespeare on Film, Macmillan New Case Book, Ed. Robert Shaughnessy. 5. Visual Pressure and Narrative Cinema’ by Laura Mulvey. Feminist film Theory: A Reader Ed. Sue Thomham. 6. “The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators”, Bell Books, Feminist Film Theory. A Reader Ed. Sue Thomham.

Module IV Film Show, Debate and Criticism 1. Oedipus Rex – Pasolini. 2. Throne of Blood – Kurosawa. 3. Macbeth – Polansky 4. Pather Panjali – Sathyajith Ray. 5. Vidheyan – Adoor Gopalakrishnan 6. Nirmalyam – M. T. Vasudevan Nair 7. Akale – Shyamaprasad 8. Nirmala – (Hindi) Premchand 9. Bhargavinilayam (Malayalam) 10. Chemmeen (Mal)

REFERENCE 1. Adam Smith, The Rough Guide to 21st Century Cinema, London, 2012. 2. Russel Jackson (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film, University Press, 2000. 3. Nelmes Jill (Ed.) An Introduction to Film Studies, London, Routledge, 1996. 4. Robert Shaughnessy (Ed.) Shakespeare on Film, London: Macmillan, 1998. 5. Nandini Bhattacharya, Hindi Cinema; Repeating the Subject, London : Routledge, 2013. 6. Nasreen Munni Kabir, Talking Films: Conversations on Hindi Cinema with Javed Aktar, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999. 7. Vijayakrishnan, Chalachitrathinte Porul, TVM: Kerala Bhasha 87

Institute, 1996. 8. Venkiteswaran C. S., Cinema Talkies, Kottayam, D.C Books, 2011. 9. Garga B. D., The Art of Cinema : An Outsider’s Journey Through Fifty Years of Film History, New Delhi, Penguin Books, 2005. 10. Ajithkumar P., Charli Chaplin Atmakatha, Sambhashana Padanam, Kozhikode, Olive, 2010.

READING 1. Manju Jain, “Narratives of Indian Cinema” Delhi: Primus Books, 2009, Vide Part IV, ‘Literary and Cinematic Imaginaries’. 2. Sumita S. Chakravarty, ‘National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema’, 1947-1987, Delhi: OUP, 1998. 3. Jane Jaffe Young, D. H. ‘Lawrence on Screen’, New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Read Ch. 1, Introduction, Ch. 3 Soul and Lovers. 4. Gautaman Bhaskaran, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Viking Penguin, New Delhi, 2010. 5. Sowmya Dechamma C. C...... , Cinemas of South India, Oxford University Press, 2010. 6. Adam Smith, The Rough Guide to 21st Century Cinema Rough, Guided Ltd., London, 2012. 7. M. D. Manoj, Viswaprasiddha Samvidhayakar, Olive, Kozhokode, 2010. 8. Kozhikodan, MT yude Sinimakal, Mathrubhumi, Kozhikode, 2007. 9. M. T. Nakukettu, Thirakkatha, Kottayam, D.C. Books, 2012.

Elective Course 11

Environmental Literature Course Code: pcls3148 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives This course aims to give the students a proper introduction to the environmental issues and literature that reflecting these problems. The objective is to inculcate love for nature through literature, create awareness about the contemporary environmental theory and the need for environmental protection.

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. The first section deals with the concept of nature and literature in the ancient and medieval periods and the other sections deal with the modern and contemporary period. In addition to theory classes, there are also close reading session in which selected environmental literature is introduced. Each module may take 3 to 4 weeks of teaching - learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Debates, quiz, audio &video demonstrations, seminars, assignments and tutorials are recommended as methods of teaching and learning. The use of internet is recommended for the data of the literary sources concerned.

Examination and Evaluation Out of the 4 credits of the course, half of the credits will be valued internally through continuous assessment by teachers and the half of the credits will be through University examination at the end of the semester. The internal assessment of the course will consist of three components: assignment (I No.), Seminar (1 No.) and test paper (1 No.). The evaluation will be based on 9 point grading system per the university regulations.

Module-1 Delineation of Nature and natural beauty in the ancient and medieval literature- nature worship in the religions-vedas-Panchabhuta theory-world creation myths- -buddhist approach-nature and man-struggles and coexistence- harmony with nature Reading: Vedic hymns: Atharvaveda &Rigveda, hymns to forest, dawn ‘The Sacred Earth’-Proclamation of the chief of the Red Indians, Seattle

Module -2 Romantic poets like Wordsworth -Industrialization -pollution-deforestation-hunting-pesticides- mining-global warming- environmental ethics- Thoughts of Thoreau-Darwin-Rachel Carson- Leopold-John Ruskin-William Moris –idea of development- ecological disaster Reading: 1. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring 2. Ambiksutan Mangad, Enmakaje(Malayalam Novel)

Module- 3 Study of the following terms: Anthropocentrism-Athropomorphism-ecocentrism--pastoral-nature writing- biodiversity- Gaia hypothesis-life in harmony with nature Close Reading: 1. Kalidasa, Abhijnanasakuntalam 4th Act 2. ONV Kurup: Bhoomikku Oru Charamageetham

Module 4 Deep ecology -ecology-eco-aesthetics- environmental activism-eco Feminism-green Studies- globalisation-biopolitics-social ecology-radical ecology-need to have a change in life style-

Reading: 1. Joy A Palmer (ed). Fifty Key thinkers on Environment. London, Routledge,2001 2. Haritha ramayanam 3. Sarah Joseph, Aathi

REFERECE 1. ONV Kurup: Bhoomikku Oru Charamageetham (poem) 2. Kalidasa, Abhijnanasakuntalam (play) 3. Ambiksutan Mangad, Enmakaje (novel) 4. Haritha ramayanam (poem) 5. Sugathakumari paschimaghattam (poem) 6. Sarah Joseph, Aathi (novel) 7. AA Macdonnel, A Vedic reader for students (Vedic hymns) 8. Laurance Coupe. The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism. London:Routledgee,2000 9. Andrew Dobson. Green Political Thought. London: Routledge, 2000 10. Keya Acharya ( ed.), The Green Pen- Environmental Journalism in India and the South Asia. New Delhi: Sage, 2010. 11. Vandana Shiva, Ecology and Politics of Survival: Conflicts over natural resources in India. New Delhi: Sage, 1991 12. Walter Levy. Green Perspectives: Thinking and Writing about Nature and Environment 13. Vandana Siva, Making Peace with Earth: Beyond Resource, Land and Food wars (2012) 14. Greg Garrard. Ecocriticism. London, routledge, 2012 15. Todd A Borlik. Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Postures. New York: Routledge, 2011. 16. Cherill Blourgells . The ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. U of George Press 17. Miles M. EcoFeminism, Jaipur, Rawat, 2010 91

18. Niranjana Jena. Ecological Awareness Reflected in the Atharva veda. Delhi: Bharateeyakala, 2012 19. Murli Sivaramakrishna, Ujjval Jana. Ecological Criticism for our times: Literature, nature, and Critical enquiry. New Delhi: Authors Press, 2011 20. Karl Kroeber. Ecological Literary Criticism: Romantic Imagining and the Biology of Mind. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994 21. Cristopher Key Chapple. (ed) Ecological Prospects of Scientific, Religious and Aesthetic Perspectives. Delhi: Satguru, 1995 22. Venucci M. Ecological Readings in Veda: Matter-Energy-Life. New Delhi: D.K. Print World, 1994 23. Naganathan G. Ecological Spirituality: Hindu Scriptural Perspectives. New Delhi: New Age Books, 2004 24. Corolyn Merchant. Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable world,. Routledge, 2005 25. Downing Cless. Ecology and Environment in European Drama. New York: Routledge, 2010 26. Stephen Croll, Willian Rankin, Ecology for Beginners .Cambridge, 1991. 27. Callenbah Ernest. Ecology a Pocket Guide. Hyderabad, University Press, 1999. 28. Prasad M.K. Prakrtisamrakshanam. Kochi: Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parisht, 2001

29. Encyclopedia of Buddhism: A world Faith Vol.4. ‘Buddhism and Environment’ by Chitkara MG. New Delhi: APH, 2000 30. Madhusudanan G.(ed.) Harithaniroopanam Malayalathil. Thrissur: Current Books,2002 31. Jules Pretty. Environment vol.1. Thinking and Knowing about Environment and Nature. London: Sage, 2006 32. Madhav gadgil and Ramachandra Guha. Ecology and Equity: the Use and Abuse of Nature in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Penguin, 1995 33. Aruna Goel. Environment and Ancient Sanskrit Literature. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 2003 34. Dhavalikar M.K. Environment and Culture. New Delhi: Ministry of Education and Broadcasting 92

35. Sushma Kulasshresta. Environment Ecstacy in Sanskrit Literature. New Delhi: Bharatiya Book Corporation 36. The Environment Encyclopedia and Directory Routledge, 2005 37. David A Cooper (ed). The Environment in Question: Ethics and global Issues. London: Routledge 1995 38. Nasrin. Environmental Education. New Delhi: APH,1999 39. R.P. Misra (Ed.) Environmental Ethics: A Dialogue of Cultures. New Delhi: Concept,. 1995. 40. Joseph R Desjardins. Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy. Belment: Wadsworth, 2001] 41. Poduval PPK. Paristhithibodhavum Samskaravum. Kozhikkode: Mathrubhumi Books, 2007 42. Roger S Gottieb. This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature and Environment. London, Routledge, 1995 43. Joy A Palmer (ed). Fifty Key thinkers on Environment. London, Routledge, 2001 44. Buell Lawrence. The future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Maiden: Blackwell, 2008 45. David Pepper (ed) Environmentalism: Critical Concepts(5 vols). London, Routledge, 2003 46. Adeo Leopold, A Sand country Almanac 47. Timothy Clark, The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and environment

READING 1. Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species (Penguin) 2. May, Theresa. Salmon is Everything 3. Thoreau, Henry D. Walden. Civil Disobedience, and Other Writings (3rd ed, W.W. Norton) 4. Seeing Nature Through Gender. Ed. Virginia J. Scharff. Lawrence, KS: U of Kansas P, 2003. 93

5. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations. Ed. Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan. Durham, NC: Duke U P, 1995. 6. New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism. Ed. Rachel Stein. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2004. 7. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Continuum, 1994. 8. Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. New York: Blackwell, 2005 9. The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. New York: Blackwell, 2005. 10. New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism. Ed. Rachel Stein. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2004. 11. Seeing Nature through Gender. Ed. Virginia J. Scharff. Lawrence, KS: U of Kansas P, 2003. 12. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Continuum, 1994. 13. Eco-feminist Natures: Race, Gender, Feminist Theory, and Political Action. New York: Routledge, 1997. 14. Coming into Contact: Explorations in Eco-critical Theory and Practice. Ed. Annie Merrill Ingram, Ian Marshall, Daniel J. Philippon, and Adam W. Sweeting. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2007. 15. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. Ed. William Cronon. New York: Norton, 1996. 16. Scheese, Don. Nature Writing. New York: Routledge, 2002. 17. Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. London, Picador, 2000. 18. Bookchin, Murray. The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Natuaralism. Jaipur and B\New Delhi: Rawat Publication, 1996. 19. Capra, Fritjof and Carlene Spretnak. Green Politics:the Global Promise. London: Paladin Grafteon, 1985 20. Cuomo, Chris J. Feminism and Ecological Communities. New York: routledge,1998. 94

21. Golley, Frank B.A primer for Environmental Literacy. Hyderabad: University Press ltd., 1999. 22. Hay, Peter. A Companion to Environmental Thought. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. 23. Kerridge, Richard and Neil Sammels. Eds. Writing the Environment: Ecocriticism and Literature. London; Zed Books Ltd., 1998. 24. Kormondy, Edward. Concepts of Ecology. New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1996. 25. Naess, Arne. Ecology, Community and Life Style. Trans and ed, D. Rothenberg/ Cambridge , CUP 1989.

Elective Course 12

Cultural and Media Studies Course Code: pcls3149 Credits 4

Aims and Objectives

The course introduces important theories and methods of cultural studies and media studies in the context of comparative studies. The objective is to introduce to the students the main tenets of Cultural studies and Media studies

Teaching Learning Activity The course is divided into four modules. The first section deals with the concepts of cultural studies and the other sections deal with the principles of media studies in brief. This is designed as an introductory course. Each module may take about 3 to 4 weeks of teaching -learning activity to cover the topics concerned. Debates, quiz, audio &video demonstrations, seminars and assignments are recommended as methods of teaching and learning. The use of internet is recommended for the collection data of the sources concerned.

Examination and Evaluation

Module -1

Introduction to the definitions of the term culture, evolution of cultural studies-Raymond Williams, evolution of cultural studies- British cultural materialism, American multiculturalism, Key concepts in cultural studies.

Module -2

Culture as language, Culture and Semiology, Cultural politics, elite and popular culture- marginalization-Feminism and cultural studies, Masculinity and Cultural studies, Gender and Identity, Marxism and Cultural studies, Psychoanalysis and Cultural studies, Gender creation through media, Urbanization and culture, Popular culture, Folk culture, Subalternity, Dalith voice Cultural studies in the context of India.

Key concepts:

Key Concepts: Author, Body, Carnivalesque, Circuit of Culture, Citizenship, Civil Society, Class, Common Culture, Consumption, Cultural Capital, Cultural Materialism. Dialogic, Discourse, Gender, Hybridity, Identity, Ideology, Logocentrism, Mass Culture. Multiculturalism, Multiple identity, Narration. Orientalism, Paradigm, Phallocentrism, Popular Culture, Power, Race, Representation, Self Identity, Subjectivity, Text, Youth Culture, adaptation, culture/media industry-Visual pleasure

Module -3

Introduction to Media studies-different types of media-Print-Audio-visual-electronic media-Different forms in each type of media-News papers, magazines. News letters. Brochures. Radio, film. TV serials, advertisements, animations, emails and social networking

Module -4

Dominance and Hegemony-Agenda setting- public sphere representation-Media theories- Accumulation Theory-Stereotype theory-Media dependency theory-Modeling theory- Censorship and surveillance-Media and culture

Essential Readings:

1. Barker, Chris. A Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies. New York: Sage Pub, 2004.

2. Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice: New York: Sage Pub, 2011.

3. Davidar, David. The House of Blue Mangoes. New York: Harper Perennial, 2003.

4. Davies, Joan. Cultural Studies and Beyond: Fragments of Empire. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.

5. Devi, Mahaswetha. Breast Stories. Trans. Gayathri Chakravorthi Spivak. The University of Michigan: Seagull Books, 1997.

6. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.

7. Guerin, Wilfred, et al. A handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Fifth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2002.

8. Kakar, Sudhir. Culture and Psyche: Psychoanalysis and India. New York: Psyche Pr, 1997.

9. Pramod, Nayar. K. An Introduction to Cultural Studies. New Delhi: Viva Books, 2009.

10. Punter, David, ed, An Introduction to Cultural Studies, London: Longman, 2002,

11. Shivadasini, Menaka. Nirvana at Ten Rupees, University of Michigan, XAL Praxis, 1990. 97

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION FOR MA COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS  There will be two kinds of examinations, Internal and external  Internal examinations are conducted as part of Internal assessment (2 credits)  External examination is conducted by the university (2 credits)

Internal assessment requirements in each course: Tthe student has to submit one assignment on a chosen subject neatly typed in English double space using font times New Roman size 12 following MLA Style with end notes and bibliography, length not exceeding 15 pages  Present one seminar paper on a chosen subject neatly typed in English double space using font times New Roman size 12 following MLA Style with end notes and bibliography not exceeding 9 pages  Write a test paper at the end of the semester

Scheme of question Paper for Internal Assessment Test Paper Time 3 hrs Part A: Answer twenty objective type questions Part B: Question 1Write short notes (3 out of 7) in 300 words each Questions 2 write short answer (4 out of 8) in 200 words each Question 3 Comprehension (gives a prose passage and asks 10 short questions from it) Question 4 Write an essay (1 out of 4) in 800 words  The evaluation of internal assessment tests will be done within the department as per rule  1 credit for assignment and paper presentation and 1 credit for test paper total 2 credits for internal assessment.

Scheme of Question paper for External Examination Question 1 Answer 20 Objective type multiple choice questions Question 2 Write an essay (1 out of 4) in 800 words Question 3 Write short essays (2 out of 5) in 400 words each 98

Question 4 Write short notes (3 out of 7) in 300 words each Question 5 Write short answer (4 out of 8) in 200 words each  Time 3 hrs credits 2  The external evaluation will be made by the University as per rule

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION FOR M.A. ENTRANCE EXAMINATION COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS  Eligibility : a graduate degree from a recognized university

The question paper is designed  to test the general awareness of the student about language, literature, arts and culture of the land and the world at large  To test ability to study comparative literature  To test knowledge in literature, criticism and translation

Scheme of Question paper Question1 answer twenty objective type multiple choice questions (20 marks) Question 2 Write short notes (4 out of 7) in 300 words each 4x5=20 marks Questions 3 write short answer (5 out of 8) in 200 words each 5x4= 20 marks Question 4 Comprehension (gives a prose passage and asks 10 short questions from it) 10 marks Question 5 Translate a passage from English to Malayalam 15 marks Question 6 Write an essay (800 words) 15 marks  Time 3 hrs. Maximum Marks 100