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Rhesus Macaque Sequencing
White Paper for Complete Sequencing of the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Genome Jeffrey Rogers1, Michael Katze 2, Roger Bumgarner2, Richard A. Gibbs 3 and George M. Weinstock3 I. Introduction Humans are members of the Order Primates and our closest evolutionary relatives are other primate species. This makes primate models of human disease particularly important, as the underlying physiology and metabolism, as well as genomic structure, are more similar to humans than are other mammals. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are the animals most similar to humans in overall DNA sequence, with interspecies sequence differences of approximately 1- 1.5% (Stewart and Disotell 1998, Page and Goodman 2001). The other apes, including gorillas and orangutans are nearly as similar to humans. The animals next most closely related to humans are Old World monkeys, superfamily Cercopithecoidea. This group includes the common laboratory species of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), baboon (Papio hamadryas), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops). The human evolutionary lineage separated from the ancestors of chimpanzees about 6-7 million years ago (MYA), while the human/ape lineage diverged from Old World monkeys about 25 MYA (Stewart and Disotell 1998), and from another important primate group, the New World monkeys, more than 35-40 MYA. In comparison, humans diverged from mice and other non- primate mammals about 65-85 MYA (Kumar and Hedges 1998, Eizirik et al 2001). In the evaluation of primate candidates for genome sequencing there should be more to selection of an organism than evolutionary considerations. The chimpanzee’s status as Closest Relative To Human has earned it an exemption from this consideration. -
A Stepwise Male Introduction Procedure to Prevent Inbreeding in Naturalistic Macaque Breeding Groups
animals Article A Stepwise Male Introduction Procedure to Prevent Inbreeding in Naturalistic Macaque Breeding Groups Astrid Rox 1,2, André H. van Vliet 1, Jan A. M. Langermans 1,3,* , Elisabeth H. M. Sterck 1,2 and Annet L. Louwerse 1 1 Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Animal Science Department, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (A.H.v.V.); [email protected] (E.H.M.S.); [email protected] (A.L.L.) 2 Animal Behaviour & Cognition (Formerly Animal Ecology), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Department Population Health Sciences, Division Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-152-842-620 Simple Summary: Housing of primates in groups increases animal welfare; however, this requires management to prevent inbreeding. To this end, males are introduced into captive macaque breeding groups, mimicking the natural migration patterns of these primates. However, such male introduc- tions can be risky and unsuccessful. The procedure developed by the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, the Netherlands, to introduce male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) into naturalistic social groups without a breeding male achieves relatively high success rates. Males are stepwise familiarized with and introduced to their new group, while all interactions between the new male and the resident females are closely monitored. Monitoring the behaviour of the resident Citation: Rox, A.; van Vliet, A.H.; females and their new male during all stages of the introduction provides crucial information as to Langermans, J.A.M.; Sterck, E.H.M.; whether or not it is safe to proceed. -
Flexible Decision-Making in Grooming Partner Choice in Sooty Mangabeys
Flexible decision-making in grooming partner choice rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org in sooty mangabeys and Research chimpanzees Cite this article: Mielke A, Preis A, Samuni L, Alexander Mielke1,2, Anna Preis1,2, Liran Samuni1,2, Gogarten JF, Wittig RM, Crockford C. 2018 1,2,3,4 1,2,† Flexible decision-making in grooming partner Jan F. Gogarten , Roman M. Wittig and choice in sooty mangabeys and chimpanzees. Catherine Crockford1,2,† R. Soc. open sci. 5: 172143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172143 1Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany 2Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Taï Chimpanzee Project, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Received: 8 December 2017 3Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Accepted: 7 June 2018 4P3: ‘Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms’, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany AM, 0000-0002-8847-6665;AP,0000-0002-7443-4712; JFG, 0000-0003-1889-4113;CC,0000-0001-6597-5106 Subject Category: Biology (whole organism) Living in permanent social groups forces animals to make decisions about when, how and with whom to interact, Subject Areas: requiring decisions to be made that integrate multiple sources behaviour/cognition of information. Changing social environments can influence this decision-making process by constraining choice or altering Keywords: the likelihood of a positive outcome. Here, we conceptualized grooming, bystanders, sooty mangabey, grooming as a choice situation where an individual chooses chimpanzee, -
Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Recognize Group Membership Via Olfactory Cues Alone
Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2015) 69:2019–2034 DOI 10.1007/s00265-015-2013-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) recognize group membership via olfactory cues alone Stefanie Henkel 1,2 & Angelina Ruiz Lambides1,3,4 & Anne Berger5 & Ruth Thomsen1,6,7 & Anja Widdig1,3 Received: 9 April 2015 /Revised: 18 September 2015 /Accepted: 21 September 2015 /Published online: 31 October 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract The ability to distinguish group members from con- paradigm to investigate whether rhesus macaques (Macaca specifics living in other groups is crucial for gregarious spe- mulatta) can discriminate between body odors of female cies. Olfaction is known to play a major role in group recog- group members and females from different social groups. nition and territorial defense in a wide range of mammalian We conducted the study on the research island Cayo Santiago, taxa. Although primates have been typically regarded as Puerto Rico, in the non-mating season and controlled for kin- microsmatic (having a poor sense of smell), increasing evi- ship and familiarity using extensive pedigree and demograph- dence suggests that olfaction may play a greater role in pri- ic data. Our results indicate that both males and females in- mates’ social life than previously assumed. In this study, we spect out-group odors significantly longer than in-group carried out behavioral bioassays using a signaler-receiver odors. Males licked odors more often than females, and older animals licked more often than younger ones. Furthermore, individuals tended to place their nose longer towards odors Communicated by E. Huchard when the odor donor’s group rank was higher than the rank of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article their own group. -
Macaca Fascicularis) in Thailand
The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 8(2): 185-204, October 2008 ©2008 by Chulalongkorn University Current Situation and Status of Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand SUCHINDA MALAIVIJITNOND1* AND YUZURU HAMADA2 1Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 2Section of Morphology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan. ABSTRACT.– Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are the most frequently encountered primate in Thailand. They are currently considered at low risk for extinction, however, they are threatened by habitat fragmentation or loss, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and hybridization. At present, no management measures have been taken and updated information on their situation and status are urgently needed. We sent questionnaires throughout Thailand to a total of 7,410 sub-districts, and received 1,417 (19.12%) replies. We traveled to the sub-districts from which the positive replies to questionnaires on macaques were obtained, from December 2002 to December 2007 and found long-tailed macaques in 74 locations which ranged from the lower northern and northeastern (ca. 16° 30´ N) to the southernmost part (ca. 6° 30´ N) of Thailand. The distribution of long-tailed macaques at present is similar to that reported 30 years ago, but their habitats have changed from natural forests to temples or recreation parks. On average, 200 monkeys per location were counted and some populations had more than 1,000 individuals. In some locations they were regarded as pests. Local authorities took short-term management measures such as translocation and contraception. Although many troops of Thai long- tailed macaques have inflated population densities, some local troops exhibited morphological, genetic and behavioural uniqueness that may be important to conserve. -
A Decade of Theory of Mind Research on Cayo Santiago: Insights Into Rhesus Macaque Social Cognition
American Journal of Primatology REVIEW ARTICLE A Decade of Theory of Mind Research on Cayo Santiago: Insights Into Rhesus Macaque Social Cognition LINDSEY A. DRAYTON* AND LAURIE R. SANTOS Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Over the past several decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how primates understand the behavior of others. One open question concerns whether nonhuman primates think about others’ behavior in psychological terms, that is, whether they have a theory of mind. Over the last ten years, experiments conducted on the free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) living on Cayo Santiago have provided important insights into this question. In this review, we highlight what we think are some of the most exciting results of this body of work. Specifically we describe experiments suggesting that rhesus monkeys may understand some psychological states, such as what others see, hear, and know, but that they fail to demonstrate an understanding of others’ beliefs. Thus, while some aspects of theory of mind may be shared between humans and other primates, others capacities are likely to be uniquely human. We also discuss some of the broader debates surrounding comparative theory of mind research, as well as what we think may be productive lines for future research with the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. Am. J. Primatol. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Key words: theory of mind; social cognition; rhesus macaques INTRODUCTION following a discussion of some of our own work, we Few people can observe nonhuman primates for examine some of the broader debates that surround any length of time without being struck by the this area of study and suggest what we believe will be richness of their social lives. -
Rhesus Macaque Eradication to Restore the Ecological Integrity of Desecheo National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico
C.C. Hanson, T.J. Hall, A.J. DeNicola, S. Silander, B.S. Keitt and K.J. Campbell Hanson, C.C.; T.J. Hall, A.J. DeNicola, S. Silander, B.S. Keitt and K.J. Campbell. Rhesus macaque eradication to restore the ecological integrity of Desecheo National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico Rhesus macaque eradication to restore the ecological integrity of Desecheo National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico C.C. Hanson¹, T.J. Hall¹, A.J. DeNicola², S. Silander³, B.S. Keitt¹ and K.J. Campbell1,4 ¹Island Conservation, 2100 Delaware Ave. Suite 1, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA. <chad.hanson@ islandconservation.org>. ²White Buff alo Inc., Connecticut, USA. ³U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Caribbean Islands› NWR, P.O. Box 510 Boquerón, 00622, Puerto Rico. 4School of Geography, Planning & Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia. Abstract A non-native introduced population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was targeted for removal from Desecheo Island (117 ha), Puerto Rico. Macaques were introduced in 1966 and contributed to several plant and animal extirpations. Since their release, three eradication campaigns were unsuccessful at removing the population; a fourth campaign that addressed potential causes for previous failures was declared successful in 2017. Key attributes that led to the success of this campaign included a robust partnership, adequate funding, and skilled fi eld staff with a strong eradication ethic that followed a plan based on eradication theory. Furthermore, the incorporation of modern technology including strategic use of remote camera traps, monitoring of radio-collared Judas animals, night hunting with night vision and thermal rifl e scopes, and the use of high-power semi-automatic fi rearms made eradication feasible due to an increase in the probability of detection and likelihood of removal. -
Species, the Bonnet Macaque (Macaca Radiata)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Losing its ground: A case study of fast declining populations of a `least-concern' species, the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) Joseph J. Erinjery1,2☯, Shanthala Kumar3☯, Honnavalli N. Kumara4☯*, K. Mohan1☯, Tejeshwar Dhananjaya1☯, P. Sundararaj3³, Rafi Kent2³, Mewa Singh1,5³ 1 Biopsychology Laboratory and Institute of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India, 2 Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 3 Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India, 4 SaÂlim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, India, a1111111111 5 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. ³ These authors also contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract OPEN ACCESS The populations of many species that are widespread and commensal with humans have been drastically declining during the past few decades, but little attention has been paid to Citation: Erinjery JJ, Kumar S, Kumara HN, Mohan K, Dhananjaya T, Sundararaj P, et al. (2017) Losing their conservation. Here, we report the status of the bonnet macaque, a species that is con- its ground: A case study of fast declining sidered `least-concern' for conservation. We show that the widely ranging rhesus macaque populations of a `least-concern' species, the bonnet is expanding its range into the distributional range of the bonnet macaque, a species macaque (Macaca radiata). PLoS ONE 12(8): endemic only to southern India. Bonnet macaques have very low abundance in forests of all e0182140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0182140 types indicating that it is not a typically forest dwelling species. -
(Mandrillus Leucophaeus) CAPTIUS Mireia De Martín Marty
COMUNICACIÓ VOCAL EN DRILS (Mandrillus leucophaeus) CAPTIUS Mireia de Martín Marty Tesi presentada per a l’obtenció del grau de Doctor (Juny 2004) Dibuix: Dr. J. Sabater Pi Codirigida pel Dr. J. Sabater Pi i el Dr. C. Riba Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona REFLEXIONS FINALS I CONCLUSIONS 7.1 ASPECTES DE COMUNICACIÓ UNIVERSAL L’alçada de la freqüència dins d’un repertori correlaciona amb el context o missatge que es vol emetre. Es podria pensar que és un universal en la comunicació. Davant de situacions de disconfort o en contextos anagonístics, la freqüència d’emissió s’eleva. A més tensió articulatòria, augmenta el to cap a l’agut. La intensitat és un recurs que augmenta la capacitat d’impressionar l’atenció del que escolta. A la natura trobem diferents exemplificacions d’aquest fet, fins i tot en espècies molt allunyades filogenèticament com el gos o l’abellot que en emetre el zum-zum, si se sent amenaçat, eleva la freqüència d’emissió. En les vocalitzacions de les diferents espècies de primats hi ha trets acústics homòlegs, que s’emeten en similars circumstàncies socials. Els senyals d’amenaça acostumen a ser de to baix en els primats i, en canvi, els anagonístics estridents i molt aguts; alguns senyals d’alarma tenen patrons comuns en els dibuixos espectrogràfics i, fins i tot, altres espècies diferents a l’espècie emissora en reconeixen el significat. Podríem deduir una funció comunicativa derivada de l’estructura acústica. En crides de cohesió, les de reclam d’atenció o amistoses, l’estructura acústica és tonal; quan informa d’una ubicació, tenen diferents bandes de freqüència; les agressives i d’alarma tenen denses bandes freqüencials; i les agonístiques o més emotives – que expressen un elevat estat emocional (‘desesperat’)- són noisy o molt compactes. -
A High-Quality SNV Database for Interspecies Genetic Divergence
Database, 2020, 1–8 doi: 10.1093/database/baaa027 Original article Original article Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/database/article/doi/10.1093/database/baaa027/5827658 by guest on 29 September 2021 MACSNVdb: a high-quality SNV database for interspecies genetic divergence investigation among macaques Lianming Du1,†, Tao Guo2,†,QinLiu3,4, Jing Li3, Xiuyue Zhang3, Jinchuan Xing5, Bisong Yue3, Jing Li3,* and Zhenxin Fan3,* 1Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Rd, Chengdu 610106, China 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Section 3, South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, China 3Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco- Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610065, China 4College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, 8 Wuliangye Rd, Yibin 644000, China 5Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]. Correspondence may also be addressed to Jing Li. Tel/Fax: +86 28 85416928; Email: [email protected]. †These authors contributed equally to this work. Citation details: Du,L., Guo,T., Liu,Q. et al. MACSNVdb: a high-quality SNV database for interspecies genetic divergence investigation among macaques. Database (2020) Vol. 2020: article ID baaa027; doi:10.1093/database/baaa027 Received 3 June 2019; Revised 6 January 2020; Accepted 22 March 2020 Abstract Macaques are the most widely used non-human primates in biomedical research. The genetic divergence between these animal models is responsible for their phenotypic differences in response to certain diseases. -
Variation in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta) Vocalizations: Social and Biological Influences
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Anthropology Senior Theses Department of Anthropology Spring 4-26-2017 Variation in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Vocalizations: Social and Biological Influences Emma A. McNamara University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation McNamara, Emma A., "Variation in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Vocalizations: Social and Biological Influences" (2017). Anthropology Senior Theses. Paper 180. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses/180 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Variation in Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Vocalizations: Social and Biological Influences Abstract Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most widely studied nonhuman primate. While some work has been done on both vocal communication and the role of the neuropeptides, oxytocin, and vasopressin in the behavior of these highly social primates, key questions remain unanswered. In this study, seven rhesus macaques (four adult females and three adult males) were given a dose of either saline (control), oxytocin, or vasopressin. After being given this treatment, they were placed in close proximity to a conspecific who had not eceivr ed any such treatment and the two monkeys were allowed to interact for five minutes. A variety of data, including the number of vocalizations that occurred in each session was recorded. Analysis showed that there were significant elationshipsr between the number of vocalizations the female macaques produced and both the sex of the other individual in the room, and whether the female macaque had received saline, oxytocin, or vasopressin prior to the trial. -
Tana River Colobus and Mangabey Colin P
Tana River Colobus and Mangabey Colin P. Groves, Peter Andrews and Jennifer F. M. Home The numbers of both these highly endangered monkeys, found only on the Tana River in north-east Kenya, are down to about 2000, possibly fewer. The authors of this status and habitat survey describe the continuing threats to both animals and make proposals for a reserve to protect them. The Tana River is the longest river in Kenya—300 miles in a straight line from source to mouth, but 500 miles following the broad north- ward loop, and probably at least double this figure following its lower course meanders. The river can be divided into three sections: the upper as far as the Hargazo Falls on the northern bend; the middle from the Falls to about Wenje; and the lower from Wenje to the sea. The upper Tana receives all the permanent tributaries; below the falls the river loses water by evaporation, so that at its mouth the total water content is only half that below the falls. The middle section is bordered by a thin strip of continuous woodland, except where removed for cul- tivation, where the dominant tree is the Tana River poplar Populus ilicifolia, after which comes a broad belt of thorn thicket, more arid to the north, where it grades into the Somali desert, than to the south. The lower Tana flows through a floodplain, and twice a year— mid-April to early June, and again in September and early October— swollen with the up-country rains, it overflows its banks, pouring out along floodwater channels, and flooding the land to a depth of 1-2 feet for a mile or more on either bank.