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None. inter- children. and in for observational vention, need both urgent studies, an high-quality is more there pressure, blood insulin and syndrome, resistance metabolic constipation, obesity, of risk enacalnigadcnrvriltpcsnetecon- the since was topic controversial cept has and actions, challenging and a been properties different with carbohydrates Dietary was recall. dietary intake h 24 dietary single a the by However, measured Z-score. assessment .L .hle rf h aucitadcommented manuscript. and manuscript the the draft drafted helped on and G. L. process E. A. the A. for the C. collection manuscript data of supervised the sections major performed drafted X. and C. review and E. A. C. has and Europe research. ILSI funded for commercially groups in working involved on been is E. A. C. suggested studies recom- these appropriate high- of more that some base Although to which mendations. on review, atic dif are which children for intakes on hlrntegtadisbcei r tl develop- in still health, are bacteria on its and and gut ing ages gut the the younger in children at actions young and different adults have little may not appropriate. not are remain are Children which adolescents data adult and However, from extrapolation children adults. for among recommendations well-documented reasonably fi elhefcsof effects health ages. younger .Bsar ,Bneyk ,Cae BL Chawes K, Bonnelykke H, Bisgaard 2. M Champ VA, Betteridge JF, Howlett 1. r ihhat ucmssc sCD n acris cancer and CVD, as such outcomes health with bre oee,teei tl eylmtdeiec o the for evidence limited very still is there However, ( , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at fi 27 ac sascae ihicesdrs falri disease allergic of risk in- increased age. during school with at microbiota associated intestinal is the fancy of diversity Reduced Res Nutr Food aon ie ypsu:bidn scienti building Symposium: Fiber Vahouny de a version. nal ) fi hsapoc a euti recommended in result may approach This . iino dietary of nition fi r,ahtrgnosgopo non-digestible of group heterogeneous a bre, fi fi sl nrdcd h soito fdietary of association The introduced. rstly r naemgtb soitdwt lower with associated be might intake bre fi leg lnImmunol Clin Allergy J r ncide,a on norsystem- our in found as children, in bre 54 Con iaca Support Financial . Conclusion Authorship fl References c fInterest of ict fi ber – icsin tteNinth the at discussions fi utt civ in achieve to cult 128 tal et 646 , fi tal et 21)The (2010) . agreement. c – 5 e1 652 (2011) . fi – bre e5. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1 hepeo E rewo C vn CE Evans DC, Greenwood DE, Threapleton 21. 2 upyN oa ,FraiP Ferrari T, Norat N, Murphy 22. O MA, Pereira 20. 9 hmesE,Mrio J rs 21)Cnrlof Control (2014) G Frost DJ, Morrison ES, Chambers 19. 8 aearR(01 netnlhat ucin fclncmi- colonic of functions health Intestinal (2011) R Havenaar 18. 7 dad A(95 h hsooia fet fdietary of effects physiological The (1995) CA Edwards 17. 6 Scienti (2012) 16. Ministers of Council Nordic 15. 1 nttt fMdcn (2001) Medicine of Institute 11. dietary CODEX-aligned (2014) JM Jones 10. 300 3 ainlHat n eia eerhCucl(2006) Council Research Medical and Health National 13. 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Alimentarius CODEX the of Secretariat 2010 Amended years? 10 past the in learnt we Gastroenterol have what in in microbiota Crohn In pediatric improvement disease in with associated metabo- paradoxically and are species lites bacterial gut protective presumptively uretRfrneVle o utai n e Zealand New Intakes and Dietary Australia Recommended for Including Values Reference Nutrient Netherlands. the of Intake Council Health Fibre Dietary Sciences. of Academy National US USA: De Proposed Scienti Australia. of monwealth ftePnlo itr eeec auso the of Values 2 CAC/GL Reference Labelling Nutrition on Dietary Guidelines Policy Food on of Aspects Report Panel Medical Kingdom: on United Committee the the for nutrients of and energy food harvest. capacity energy increased for with microbiome gut obesity-associated ecology. 102 microbial gut alters uiisi rial oe syndrome. com- bowel bacterial irritable 392 mucosal and in fecal munities of analysis molecular A https://www.cambridge.org/core r.In bre. fl m oe Dis Bowel amm 11070 , – 397. fi fi fi oehgn emr:NrikMinisterrad. Nordisk Denmark: Copenhagen, , l,eios,S alMneoa aa Press. Eagan Minnesota: Paul St editors], eld, dioyCmiteo urto (2014) Nutrition on Committee Advisory c pno nDeayRfrneVle for Values Reference Dietary on Opinion c fi fi r naeadrs fcrivsua ies:sys- disease: cardiovascular of risk and intake bre e n iko ooayhatdsae pooled a disease: heart coronary of risk and ber itr Fibre Dietary – 11075. fi 20 iino itr Fibre Dietary of nition ’ oe odSadrsProgramme, Standards Food Rome: . aoyL hnhnF Shanahan L, Mahony 1192 , ’ . elyE,Agsso K Augustsson EJ, Reilly fl https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115002335 maoybwldsaepathogenesis: disease bowel ammatory ‘ fi Nature 20 ’ e gap ber ies uigetrlnutrition. enteral during disease s 861 , OE lmnais(CODEX) Alimentarius CODEX – h au,TeNetherlands: The Hague, The , 1210. p 58 pp. , rcNt Soc Nutr Proc . IPaddress: rhItr Med Intern Arch – 444 871. ’ . ee Microbes Benef urJ Nutr 1027 , itr eeec ausfor values reference Dietary tal et itr eeec Intakes: Reference Dietary rcNt cdSiUSA Sci Acad Natl Proc tal et – 1[ rthnk and Kritchensky [D 71 rMdJ Med Br 170.106.40.139 21)Rl ftegut the of Role (2014) . tal et https://www.gov.uk/ . – 21)Dietary (2012) . tal et 13 1031. .WashingtonDC, ,1 34. , 21)Dciein Decline (2014) . abra Com- Canberra: , odcNutrition Nordic i i Sci Dis Dig 20)Obesity (2005) . – tal et fi 9. e de ber 164 – tal et 347 tal et udln for Guideline 2 95a Last as 1985 , on London. . tal et ,103 20)An (2006) . 370 , 6879. , 27 Sep2021 at21:15:50 ol J World (2010) . (2004) . fi (2013) . .A Edwards A. C. – nitions 114. – Draft 376. fi bre 55 , 6 getP,Aotn ,Aeso I Axelsson C, Agostoni PJ, Aggett 26. (2003) WHO/FAO Dietetic 25. American the (2000) EuroDiet of 24. Position (2008) JL Slavin 23. 3 odSft uhrt fIead(2011) Ireland of Authority Safety Food 33. rec- new A (1995). 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