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Taxonomic Notes on Indian Horsfieldia and Endocomia (Myristicaceae)

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Taxonomic Notes on Indian Horsfieldia and Endocomia (Myristicaceae) J. Jpn. Bot. 91: 160–178 (2016) Taxonomic Notes on Indian Horsfieldia and Endocomia (Myristicaceae) Dipanwita BANIK* and Priyankush Protim BORA Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-North East Institute of Science & Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, INDIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on January 9, 2016) In the myristicaceous genera Horsfieldia Willd. and Endocomia W. J. de Wilde, four taxa are recognized in India, viz., Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde and Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb., H. amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. var. amygdalina and H. kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. Morphological characters of Horsfieldia and Endocomia were described based on our specimens collected during 2000 and 2012–2014 in India and previous specimens kept in Indian herbaria. Keys to the taxa are provided for easy identification. All the taxa are listed with synonyms, type specimens, descriptions, distribution, phenological data, vernacular names and examined specimens. Endocomia macrocoma subsp. prainii is newly recorded in Assam and Tripura states. Key words: Diversity, Endocomia, Horsfieldia, India, Myristicaceae, taxonomy. The genus Horsfieldia Willd. belongs to the The genus was treated discretely and with family Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. in the confusion in several regional floras which were order Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl devoid of updated nomenclature and citation (Chase and Reveal 2009). In APG III the order of type specimens. The present study on these is placed in the clade Magnoliids. In the Linear genera Horsfieldia and Endocomia W. J. de Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III, the Wilde (de Wilde 1984a) (formerly treated under family is placed 16th in the sequence (Haston et Horsfieldia) aimed to solve lack of data for al. 2009). India. The genus Horsfieldia ranges from Sri Lanka and India, through SE Asia to New Guinea, the Methodology Solomon Islands and Northern Australia and Standard taxonomic procedures were consists of ca. 100 species in all types of tropical followed. The protologues of all the relevant primary forests. Noteworthy treatments of the synonyms were consulted along with major and genus by Sinclair (1958, 1975) and de Wilde minor revisionary and monographic and other (1984b, 1985a, 1985b, 1986a, 2000) superseded relevant literature. The types and herbarium the consideration of the genus as a synonym specimens in the family Myristicaceae in of Myristica Gronov. or various sections under CAL, ASSAM, ARUN, APFH, TBGT, K, it (Blume 1837, De Candolle 1856, Bentham BM, E and LLOYD were studied for macro- and Hooker 1883, Hooker 1890, King 1891). and micro-morphological characters. Primary —160— June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 161 forests were surveyed for living specimens with Examples of the parallel development and the due permission from Forest Department, reticulate relationships among the genera Government of India whenever required. The Endocomia and Horsfieldia are presented in the phenological data, data on habitat, vernacular paper. The circumscription of these different names, uses of various parts of different species genera presented in the paper are based upon were collected in the field or from herbarium combinations of morphological characters based labels or literature. To update the nomenclature on previous workers viz., Warburgh (1897), and for citation the ICN, 2011 (McNeill Sinclair (1958) and de Wilde (1984b) etc. et. al. 2012) was followed. The herbarium The sections under the genus Horsfieldia abbreviations are as in Holmgren et al. (1990), can easily be distinguished by morphological unless otherwise mentioned. characters and sometimes also by geographical distribution. Intrageneric diversity within Results Horsfieldia is represented in sect. Irya having Nearly 200 specimens in the herbaria two tepals, cup shaped synandrium with apically mentioned were studied and their identity free anthers in male flowers and globose fruits were confirmed or changed. The study found with a confined distribution only in Andaman that Endocomia is represented in India only and Nicobar Islands, while sect. Pyrrhosa by Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de has 3–4 tepals, tri to multi-lobed, globose, Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde. It trigonolobous or ellipsoid synandrium with is sparsely distributed in Assam, Tripura and in anthers united at apex and ellipsoid fruits. This the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Horsfieldia latter section is distributed in North Eastern with H. irya (Gaertn.) Warb., H. amygdalina India and in Andaman Nicobar Islands. The (Wall.) Warb. and H. kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. are interspecific diversity of H. amygdalina and sparsely distributed in North East India and in H. kingii is in the variation in pubescence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. the male inflorescence, morphology of the As seen in situ both Horsfieldia and synandrium, and persistence of perianth in Endocomia have a stout arborescent habit mature fruits. H. amygdalina has glabrous with straight trunk and horizontal branching male inflorescence, ellipsoid synandrium restricted to upper 1/4 of the trees, paniculate and caducous perianth in fruit. H. kingii has and ebracteolate inflorescences. Endocomia puberulous male inflorescence, globose or differs from Horsfieldia in being monoecious, trigonolobous synandrium and persistent with elenticellate twigs, perianth lobed nearly perianth in fruit. However, the Indian individual to the base, tepals pubescent on both the tree of H. kingii (D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4205) surfaces, at anthesis the androecium distinctly from Holongapar Gibbon Wild Life Sanctuary stalked, seeds shortly pointed at one side and in shows glabrous male inflorescence which was having laciniate or entire red aril. Horsfieldia is not recorded earlier. dioecious, with lenticellate twigs, perianth lobed Male and female individuals of H. kingii, H. 1/4 to 1/2 of the length, tepals glabrous inside, amygdalina and E. macrocoma subsp. prainii suberect at anthesis, the androecium (sub)sessile were collected from the primary forests and their and seeds blunt on both ends with an entire macro- and micro-morphological characters orange aril. used for the descriptions and illustrations. Most Myristicaceae are dioecious but Photographs, phenological data, data on habitat, Endocomia and an American genus Iryanthera vernacular names, uses of various parts of Warb. are monoecious. different species were obtained. There are about 20 genera in Myristicaceae. The present study found an extended 162 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月 distribution of E. macrocoma subsp. prainii from India and southern China to Malesia (New in Assam and Tripura and H. kingii in Tripura Guinea); only one species in India (Assam, which was not reported earlier. The present study Jatinga valley; Tripura, Teliamura, Jampui hills; found that H. amygdalina was misidentified as S. Andamans). H. glabra in different regional floras and in the deposited herbarium sheets. Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde Taxonomy subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde in An updated nomenclature of the taxa along Blumea 30(1): 187, fig. 3b, c (1984); Fl. with types, distribution, phenological data, Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 35 (2000) – Myristica habitat, vernacular names, uses and notes are prainii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta presented below. 3: 299, pl. 126 (1891) – Horsfieldia prainii (King) Warb. in Nova Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.- Key to the genera Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 292, t. 21, figs. 1–3 1a. Plants monoecious, tepals hairy on both (1897); Li & Wilson, Fl. China 7: 100 (2009). surfaces, tepals splitting the perianth nearly Lectotype (designated by de Wilde, Blumea to base, revolute at anthesis ........ Endocomia 30: 187, 1984): INDIA. Andaman Islands, 1b. Plants dioecious, tepals glabrous inside, Dr. King’s collector 417 (L, CAL!, BM!, K!– splitting nearly to 1/3, involute at anthesis ... isolectotypes). [Figs. 1, 2] ................................................... Horsfieldia Myristica exaltata Wall., Cat. 6804 (1832), nom. nud.; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Endocomia W. J. de Wilde in Blumea 30: Calcutta 3: 327, pl. 174 (1891). – Myristica 179 (1984); & Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 29 amygdalina Wall. var. β hookeri A. DC., (2000). Prodr. 14(1): 204 (1856). Voucher specimens: Type: Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. MYANMAR. Trogla Hills, river Salween, 1827, de Wilde. W. G. Wall. Cat. 6804 (K-W!, K!, CAL!). Trees monoecious; twigs terete, elenticellate. Horsfieldia pandurifolia Hu in Acta Leaves chartaceous, reticulation lax. Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 197 (1963); C. Y. Wu, Fl. Inflorescences axillary or pseudoterminal, Yunnan. 1: 10 (1977); Tsiang & Li, Fl. Reipubl. paniculate, branched several times, male and Popul. Sin. 30(2): 196 (1979). Type: CHINA. female flowers present in the same cymule, Yunnan, Cheli Hsien, Gan-lan-ba, in mixed in different stages of development, flower woods, October 1938, C. W. Wang 79862 (PE, pedicellate, ebracteolate. Male flower buds non vidi, photo!). globose-ellipsoid, 3–5-lobed, recurved at Horsfieldia longipedunculata Hu in Acta anthesis, united only at base; synandrium Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 198 (1963). Type: CHINA. globose to shortly ellipsoid, androphore short Yunnan, Cheli Hsien, Maan-shan, in mixed or long, narrow; stamens 2–8; anthers ellipsoid, woods, September 1936, C. W. Wang 78572 completely fused to androphore. Female flowers (PE, non vidi, photo!). similar to male, fewer,
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