J. Jpn. Bot. 91: 160–178 (2016)
Taxonomic Notes on Indian Horsfieldia and Endocomia (Myristicaceae)
Dipanwita Banik* and Priyankush Protim Bora
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-North East Institute of Science & Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, INDIA *Corresponding author: [email protected]
(Accepted on January 9, 2016)
In the myristicaceous genera Horsfieldia Willd. and Endocomia W. J. de Wilde, four taxa are recognized in India, viz., Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde and Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb., H. amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. var. amygdalina and H. kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. Morphological characters of Horsfieldia and Endocomia were described based on our specimens collected during 2000 and 2012–2014 in India and previous specimens kept in Indian herbaria. Keys to the taxa are provided for easy identification. All the taxa are listed with synonyms, type specimens, descriptions, distribution, phenological data, vernacular names and examined specimens. Endocomia macrocoma subsp. prainii is newly recorded in Assam and Tripura states.
Key words: Diversity, Endocomia, Horsfieldia, India, Myristicaceae, taxonomy.
The genus Horsfieldia Willd. belongs to the The genus was treated discretely and with family Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. in the confusion in several regional floras which were order Magnoliales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl devoid of updated nomenclature and citation (Chase and Reveal 2009). In APG III the order of type specimens. The present study on these is placed in the clade Magnoliids. In the Linear genera Horsfieldia and Endocomia W. J. de Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III, the Wilde (de Wilde 1984a) (formerly treated under family is placed 16th in the sequence (Haston et Horsfieldia) aimed to solve lack of data for al. 2009). India. The genus Horsfieldia ranges from Sri Lanka and India, through SE Asia to New Guinea, the Methodology Solomon Islands and Northern Australia and Standard taxonomic procedures were consists of ca. 100 species in all types of tropical followed. The protologues of all the relevant primary forests. Noteworthy treatments of the synonyms were consulted along with major and genus by Sinclair (1958, 1975) and de Wilde minor revisionary and monographic and other (1984b, 1985a, 1985b, 1986a, 2000) superseded relevant literature. The types and herbarium the consideration of the genus as a synonym specimens in the family Myristicaceae in of Myristica Gronov. or various sections under CAL, ASSAM, ARUN, APFH, TBGT, K, it (Blume 1837, De Candolle 1856, Bentham BM, E and LLOYD were studied for macro- and Hooker 1883, Hooker 1890, King 1891). and micro-morphological characters. Primary
—160— June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 161 forests were surveyed for living specimens with Examples of the parallel development and the due permission from Forest Department, reticulate relationships among the genera Government of India whenever required. The Endocomia and Horsfieldia are presented in the phenological data, data on habitat, vernacular paper. The circumscription of these different names, uses of various parts of different species genera presented in the paper are based upon were collected in the field or from herbarium combinations of morphological characters based labels or literature. To update the nomenclature on previous workers viz., Warburgh (1897), and for citation the ICN, 2011 (McNeill Sinclair (1958) and de Wilde (1984b) etc. et. al. 2012) was followed. The herbarium The sections under the genus Horsfieldia abbreviations are as in Holmgren et al. (1990), can easily be distinguished by morphological unless otherwise mentioned. characters and sometimes also by geographical distribution. Intrageneric diversity within Results Horsfieldia is represented in sect. Irya having Nearly 200 specimens in the herbaria two tepals, cup shaped synandrium with apically mentioned were studied and their identity free anthers in male flowers and globose fruits were confirmed or changed. The study found with a confined distribution only in Andaman that Endocomia is represented in India only and Nicobar Islands, while sect. Pyrrhosa by Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de has 3–4 tepals, tri to multi-lobed, globose, Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde. It trigonolobous or ellipsoid synandrium with is sparsely distributed in Assam, Tripura and in anthers united at apex and ellipsoid fruits. This the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Horsfieldia latter section is distributed in North Eastern with H. irya (Gaertn.) Warb., H. amygdalina India and in Andaman Nicobar Islands. The (Wall.) Warb. and H. kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. are interspecific diversity of H. amygdalina and sparsely distributed in North East India and in H. kingii is in the variation in pubescence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. the male inflorescence, morphology of the As seen in situ both Horsfieldia and synandrium, and persistence of perianth in Endocomia have a stout arborescent habit mature fruits. H. amygdalina has glabrous with straight trunk and horizontal branching male inflorescence, ellipsoid synandrium restricted to upper 1/4 of the trees, paniculate and caducous perianth in fruit. H. kingii has and ebracteolate inflorescences. Endocomia puberulous male inflorescence, globose or differs from Horsfieldia in being monoecious, trigonolobous synandrium and persistent with elenticellate twigs, perianth lobed nearly perianth in fruit. However, the Indian individual to the base, tepals pubescent on both the tree of H. kingii (D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4205) surfaces, at anthesis the androecium distinctly from Holongapar Gibbon Wild Life Sanctuary stalked, seeds shortly pointed at one side and in shows glabrous male inflorescence which was having laciniate or entire red aril. Horsfieldia is not recorded earlier. dioecious, with lenticellate twigs, perianth lobed Male and female individuals of H. kingii, H. 1/4 to 1/2 of the length, tepals glabrous inside, amygdalina and E. macrocoma subsp. prainii suberect at anthesis, the androecium (sub)sessile were collected from the primary forests and their and seeds blunt on both ends with an entire macro- and micro-morphological characters orange aril. used for the descriptions and illustrations. Most Myristicaceae are dioecious but Photographs, phenological data, data on habitat, Endocomia and an American genus Iryanthera vernacular names, uses of various parts of Warb. are monoecious. different species were obtained. There are about 20 genera in Myristicaceae. The present study found an extended 162 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月 distribution of E. macrocoma subsp. prainii from India and southern China to Malesia (New in Assam and Tripura and H. kingii in Tripura Guinea); only one species in India (Assam, which was not reported earlier. The present study Jatinga valley; Tripura, Teliamura, Jampui hills; found that H. amygdalina was misidentified as S. Andamans). H. glabra in different regional floras and in the deposited herbarium sheets. Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde Taxonomy subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde in An updated nomenclature of the taxa along Blumea 30(1): 187, fig. 3b, c (1984); Fl. with types, distribution, phenological data, Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 35 (2000) – Myristica habitat, vernacular names, uses and notes are prainii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta presented below. 3: 299, pl. 126 (1891) – Horsfieldia prainii (King) Warb. in Nova Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.- Key to the genera Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 292, t. 21, figs. 1–3 1a. Plants monoecious, tepals hairy on both (1897); Li & Wilson, Fl. China 7: 100 (2009). surfaces, tepals splitting the perianth nearly Lectotype (designated by de Wilde, Blumea to base, revolute at anthesis ...... Endocomia 30: 187, 1984): INDIA. Andaman Islands, 1b. Plants dioecious, tepals glabrous inside, Dr. King’s collector 417 (L, CAL!, BM!, K!– splitting nearly to 1/3, involute at anthesis .... isolectotypes). [Figs. 1, 2] ...... Horsfieldia Myristica exaltata Wall., Cat. 6804 (1832), nom. nud.; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Endocomia W. J. de Wilde in Blumea 30: Calcutta 3: 327, pl. 174 (1891). – Myristica 179 (1984); & Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 29 amygdalina Wall. var. β hookeri A. DC., (2000). Prodr. 14(1): 204 (1856). Voucher specimens: Type: Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. MYANMAR. Trogla Hills, river Salween, 1827, de Wilde. W. G. Wall. Cat. 6804 (K-W!, K!, CAL!). Trees monoecious; twigs terete, elenticellate. Horsfieldia pandurifolia Hu in Acta Leaves chartaceous, reticulation lax. Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 197 (1963); C. Y. Wu, Fl. Inflorescences axillary or pseudoterminal, Yunnan. 1: 10 (1977); Tsiang & Li, Fl. Reipubl. paniculate, branched several times, male and Popul. Sin. 30(2): 196 (1979). Type: CHINA. female flowers present in the same cymule, Yunnan, Cheli Hsien, Gan-lan-ba, in mixed in different stages of development, flower woods, October 1938, C. W. Wang 79862 (PE, pedicellate, ebracteolate. Male flower buds non vidi, photo!). globose-ellipsoid, 3–5-lobed, recurved at Horsfieldia longipedunculata Hu in Acta anthesis, united only at base; synandrium Phytotax. Sin. 8(3): 198 (1963). Type: CHINA. globose to shortly ellipsoid, androphore short Yunnan, Cheli Hsien, Maan-shan, in mixed or long, narrow; stamens 2–8; anthers ellipsoid, woods, September 1936, C. W. Wang 78572 completely fused to androphore. Female flowers (PE, non vidi, photo!). similar to male, fewer, ovary glabrous, stigma Tree 10–20 m high; twigs glabrous, striate, sessile, minute, 2-lobed, each lobe lobulate. apical bud 1–1.2 cm long, 1.5–2 mm broad, Infructescences up to 30 cm long. Fruits acute, puberulous, brown. Leaves alternate; ellipsoid or obovoid, glabrous; pericarp thin to lamina 13.4–27.5 cm long, 7.2–11.2 cm broad, thick, aril partly laciniate, seeds pointed at apex, slightly pandurate-obovate or elliptic, base acute- variegated; albumen ruminate. obtuse, apex acute-acuminate, glabrous; mid Distribution: ca. four species are distributed rib flat or depressed above, raised below, finely June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 163
Fig. 1. Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde. A. Habit. B. Branch. C. Inflorescence. D. Male flower. E–F. Fruits with aril. G. Longitidinal section of Seed. H. Seed. A–B, E–H. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4283 (NEIST). C–D. From D. Banik 4267 (NEIST). Scale bars: 6 mm (C), 1 mm (D), 2.5 cm (E–F), and 1 cm (G–H). striate; secondary nerves brochidodromous; side, alternate-opposite, 13–17 pairs; tertiary arising from the mid rib at an angle of ≤55°–85° nerves not prominent; petiole 1.7–2.5 cm long, on acroscopic side and ≤50°–65° on basiscopic glabrous, finely striate. Inflorescences axillary, 164 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月
Fig. 2. Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde. A. Portion of flowering twig. B. Portion of inflorescence (enlarged). C–D. Male flowers. E. Female flower. F. Fruit. G. Portion of infructescence. A. From Dr. King’s collector 417 (CAL). B–C, E. From Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL). D. From Mr. Proudlock s.n. (CAL). F–G. From D. B. Deb 2244 (CAL). Scale bars: 1.8 cm (A), 55 mm (B), 1.2 mm (C–D), 2mm (E), 1.8 cm (F), and 1.6 cm (G). June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 165 branched 3 times, (3–)9–10 cm long, (7–)8–9 CAL); South Andamans, Namunaghar, Hilly land, 2–3 m, cm broad, flowers 4–9, puberulous, brown 16 August 1890, Dr. King’s collector s.n., fl. (CAL, BM); South Andamans, North Bay, Near Shore, 12 September when young; bracts at the bases of young 1891, Dr. King s.n., fl. (CAL); In Andaman group and also cymules, deciduous, triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, a tree west side near South end of Jacquemont avenue. 1 mm broad, acuminate, puberulous, brown; Cultivated in Bot. Garden, Calcutta Div, Flowered Oct. persistent semilunar scars at the base of primary 1895, Mr. Proudlock s.n. (BM, CAL); Little Andaman, and secondary branches. Male flower: pedicel Hut Bay, Inland Forest, 15 January 1977, N. Bhargava 5141, fl. (CAL). ASSAM: Cachar district, Jatinga valley, slender, 2–4 mm long; hairs brown, 2–3 armed; Damcherra, 25°01ʹ45.3ʺN, 092°46ʹ23.1ʺE, 2 June 2014, flower globose-ellipsoid, 1–2 mm long, 1–3.5 D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4294, fr. (NEIST). TRIPURA: mm broad, perianth bud campanulate; tepals 3–4, Teliamura, 20 January 1960, D. B. Deb 2244, fr. (CAL); 0.8–1.8 mm long, 0.8–1.5 mm broad, triangular, North Tripura, Jampui hills, Vanghmun to Hmnpui, 24°00ʹ28.2ʺN , 092°16ʹ43.0ʺE, 27 May 2014, D. Banik & united up to 0.2 mm at base, coriaceous, striated, P. P. Bora 4283, fr. (NEIST). stellate, recurved at anthesis; stamens 5–6 or 7–9; synandrium globose, 0.5–0.8 mm in Horsfieldia Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(2): 872 (1806); diameter, subsessile or androphore up to 0.2 mm Warb. in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. long; anthers linear, 0.5–1.2 mm long, 0.15–0.2 German. Nat. Cur. 68: 130 (1897); Gamble, Mat. mm broad, adnate to their back, extrorse. Female Fl. Malay. Penins. 5(23): 206 (1912); Ridl., Fl. flower: pedicel 1.5–2 mm long, 1 mm broad; Malay. Penins. 3: 54 (1924); J. Sinclair in Gard. hairs brown, 2–3 armed, flower bud globose, Bull. Singapore 16: 368 (1958); W. J. de Wilde 1–1.5 mm in diameter. Infructescence 13–24 in Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 123 (1984); Fl. cm long, branched, pendulous, with scars of Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 54 (2000); Li & Wilson, pedicels; peduncle 1.5–2 cm long, finely striate, Fl. China 7: 99 (2009), p.p. excl. H. prainii (= glabrous; fruit stalk 1–1.2 cm long, finely striate, Endocomia). glabrous. Fruit yellow to orange, obliquely Type: Horsfieldia iryaghedhi (Gaertn.) Warb. elliptic, 3.4–3.5(–4.8) cm long, 1.3–1.6(–2.8) Shrubs or trees, dioecious. Twigs terete or cm broad, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute, angular or with two ridges in between petioles or pericarp wrinkled, 1.5–6 mm thick, glabrous, (in)conspicuously lenticelate. Leaves distichous brown, aril entire or laciniate, red; seed elliptic, or tristichous (in Horsfieldia kingii). Lamina 2.9–3.1 cm long, 1–1.3 cm broad. membranous to coriaceous, brittle when dry, Distribution: India (Assam; Tripura; S. rarely papillose beneath (in H. iryaghedhi) Andamans), Bangladesh, China (S. Yunnan), warty; mid rib flat or sunken, raised dorsally, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia (W. secondary nerves arising from midrib at varied Sumatra, W. Java, Papua), the Philippines, Papua angles on acroscopic and basiscopic sides, New Guinea. brochidodomous to eucamptodromous; alternate Flowering: February–May; August–December. or opposite, (8–22 pairs for Indian species); tertiary nerves, sometimes looping prominent Fruiting: January–April. beneath. Inflorescences axillary or cauline, Habitat: Forest on hilly land and near the paniculate branched several times, pubescent or shore. glabrous, at base of common peduncle with a Uses: Wood used in construction work. few minute cataphylls; male inflorescences larger Note: The extended distribution of this than female; bracts cauducous or persistant- species in Assam and Tripura was found during accrescent (in H. kingii). Flowers pedicellate, the present study. rarely sessile (in H. iryaghedhi), ebracteolate, Specimens examined: INDIA. ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS: Andamans, 1884, Dr. King’s solitary or in loose clusters or fascicles at same collector 431, fl. (CAL); Dr. King’s collector s.n., fl. (K, or different stages of development; Male buds 166 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月 glabrous or pubescent, globose, transversely distributed from Sri Lanka and in Malesia ellipsoid, reniform, pear-shaped or clavate, sporadically cultivated for its strongly sweet- laterally compressed or not, membranous, smelling flowers. It is strange that this species is coriaceous or fleshy, glabrous inside, greenish rare and seems extinct in Sri Lanka, and also that to yellowish; splitting shallowly to deeply it seems unknown as cultivated in India. into 2 or 3 or 4-lobes; androecium either cup shaped or globose to ellipsoid, cylindrical or Key to the Indian sections of Horsfieldia trigonolobous, laterally compressed or not, 1a. Male flowers with 2 tepals. Synandrium cup- sessile or with short androphore; anthers many; shaped. Anthers free at apex. Fruits globose anthers erect or curved; apical parts incurved or ...... Sect. Irya inflexed into the central cavity to various depths; 1b. Male flowers with 3–4 tepals. Synandrium 2-celled, thecae often septate when young, globose, trigonolobous or ellipsoid. Anthers extrorse. Female inflorescences short, compact, connate at apex. Fruits ellipsoid ...... racemose or paniculate, branched once or twice; ...... Sect. Pyrrhosa flowers larger than the male, pedicellate; buds subglobose or ovoid or ellipsoid, obovoid, (H. Horsfieldia sect. Irya (Hook. f. & Thomson) amygdalina); ovary globose or ovoid, glabrous Warb. in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. or pubescent, stigma sessile, sometimes several German. Nat. Cur. 68: 123 (1897), p.p.; W. J. lobed (in H. iryaghedhi) or with a median de Wilde in Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 127 depression (H. kingii); fruits globose, ellipsoid (1984); Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 56 (2000). – or obovoid (in H. amygdalina); pericarp fleshy, Myristica sect. Irya Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. drying brown or blackish, often with lenticels Ind. 1: 159 (1855). like tubercles, glabrous or pubescent, rarely Type: Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb. with persistent perianth at base (in H. kingii), Distribution: ca. 40 species are distributed in dehiscing by 2 valves; seed 1, ellipsoid, rarely Eastern Malesia; 1 species in India. globose (in H. irya), testa not variegated; aril Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb. in Nova completely covering the seed, entire or shallowly Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. lobed or convoluted at apex; albumen ruminate, Cur. 68: 317. t. 22 figs. 1–4 (1897); Ridl., Fl. with fatty oil but no starch; cotyledons connate Mal. Penins. 3: 58 (1924); J. Sinclair in Gard. at base. Bull. Singapore 16: 382, fig. 33, pl. IX-A (1958) Distribution: ca. 100 species are distributed & 28: 61 (1975); B. K. Sinha in Hajra & Rao P. in India, Sri Lanka, China (Yunnan, Hainan), S. N. (eds.), Fl. Great Nicobar Isl.: 360 (1999); SE Asia through Malesia to New Guinea, the W. J. de Wilde in Gard. Bull. Singapore 38(1): Solomon Islands, Australia (North). Two species 55, fig. 6 (1985) & Fl. Malesiana ser. 1, 14: in India (North Eastern India and Andaman and 132, fig. 20 (2000) – Myristica irya Gaertn., Nicobar Islands). Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 195, t. 41 (1788); Hook. f. & Three sections are recognized, viz., sect. Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 159 (1855); A. DC., Prodr. Horsfieldia W. J. de Wilde (1984); sect. Irya 14(1): 202 (1856), p.p. excl. M. exaltata Wall. (Hook. f. & Thomson) Warb. and sect. Pyrrhosa p.p. quoad Wall. Cat. 6804C; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. (Blume) Warb. of which the first one does not 1(2): 64 (1858), p.p.; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: occur in India, sect. Irya is represented by H. 11 (1864); Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 282 (1877); irya in India and sect. Pyrrhosa is represented by Hook. f., Fl. Br. India 5: 109 (1886), p.p.; King H. amygdalina and H. kingii in India. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 308, pl. 141, Note: sect. Horsfieldia consists of only one 141-bis (1891); Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 3: species H. iryaghedhi (Gaertn.) Warb., originally 435 (1895); Brandis, Indian Trees: 525 (1906); June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 167
C. E. Parkinson, Forest Fl. Andaman Isl.: 223 triangular to ovate, acuminate, membranous, (1923). inside glandular, deciduous. Male flower pedicel Type: SRI LANKA. Gaertner’s drawing ca.1 mm long, puberulous with branched hairs; (1788: t. 41). [Fig. 3] bud globose-transversely ellipsoid, 1–1.25 Myristica javanica Blume, Bijdr.: 576 mm in diameter, 0.5–0.75 mm long, 1–1.25 (1825) & in Rumphia 1: 190, t. 62 (1835). Type: mm broad, perianth lobes (tepals) united up to INDONESIA. Blume (L, missing) in Rumphia 0.25 mm from base; tepals 2, each lobe half- 1: 190, t. 62 (1835). globose-broadly ovoid, entire, membraneous, Myristica spherocarpa Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar.: glabrous inside, puberulous to glabrous outside; 79, t. 89 (1830). – M. irya Gaertn. var. wallichii synandrium transversely elliptic, cup shaped, King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 309, ca. 0.25 mm long and 0.5–0.75 mm broad; pl. 141-bis, 3-5 (1891). Type: MYANMAR. androphore obscure; stamens 14–16; anthers Martabanin 1827, Wall. Cat. 6796 (K-W!– linear, upto 0.25 mm long, slightly unequal, free holotype; CAL!–isotype). at apices, adnate laterally and at base, incurved. Myristica micrantha Wall., Cat. 6807 (1832), Female inflorescence contracted, branched nom. nud. Voucher specimen: THAILAND. once, 2–2.5 cm long. Female flower: pedicel Tailegs from Siam and under Wall. Cat. 6807 1–1.5 mm long, hairs shorter than in male; bud (K!, K-Wall!, CAL!). globose to obovoid, depressed at apex; perianth Myristica lemanniana A. DC. in Ann. Sci. campanulate, 1.5–1.75 mm long, tepals 2(–3), Nat. Bot. 4(4): 31, t. 4 (1855); Prodr. 14(1): united 1–1.50 mm from base, valvate, each lobe 203 (1856). – Horsfieldia lemanniana (A. triangular, acute, coriaceous, glabrous inside, DC.) Warb. in Nova Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.- granular outside and stellate at base; ovary ovoid, Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 326 (1897). Type: 1–1.25 mm long, 0.75–1 mm broad, glabrous; MALAYSIA. Malay Peninsula, Malacca, stigma sessile, bilobed, blakish. Fruit globose, Lemann s.n. (G–non vidi). 1.25–1.5 cm in diameter, pericarp chartaceous, Myristica vrieseana Miq. in Ann. Mus. 1–1.5 mm thick, glabrous; seed globose. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 49 (1865). – M. irya Gaertn. Distribution: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India var. longifolia King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Andaman Islands-Eastern side, Port Mouth Hill Calcutta 3: 309, pl. 141-bis, 1-2 (1891). Type: Jungle, Long Island, Nicobar Islands), S. Indo- INDONESIA. de Vriese s.n. (L–non vidi). China to the Solomon Isl. Tree 10–20 m high. Twigs glabrous, Conservation status: Lower risk/least concern 2-ridged, lenticillate. Apical bud ca. 1.3 cm ver. 2.3 (IUCN 2013.2). long, puberulous. Leaves distichous; petiole Flowering: January–August; December. 0.5–0.8(–1.1) cm long, glabrous; lamina 8.4– Fruiting: June–October. 28.0 cm long, 2.9–7.9 cm broad, membranous Vernacular names: Choglum, Mutwinda to coriaceous, elliptic, attenuate(-obtuse), entire, (Andamans). cuspidate, glabrous; midrib flat to depressed Uses: Seeds are used for preparing candles. above, raised below; secondary nerves Decoction of bark is used for gargling sore brochidodrmous; arising from midrib at an angle throat and flowers used as perfume (Anonymous of ≤60°–90° on acroscopic side and ≤60°–75° 1959). on basiscopic side; 15–18(–22) pairs; tertiary Specimens examined: INDIA. ANDAMAN & loops present. Inflorescences axillary; male NICOBAR ISLANDS: Andamans, 1884, Dr. King’s inflorescence branched twice, 4.8–12.5 cm long, collector s.n. (CAL); Dr. King’s collector s.n., male fl. (BM); South Andamans, Runguchang near sea coast, tomentose when young, on maturity glabrous eastern side, 2 May 1891, Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL); at base; hairs stellate (with 2–4 arms); bracts Hope town, S. Kurz s.n. (CAL); S. Kurz 192, fr. (E); 168 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月
Fig. 3. Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb. A. Portion of male flowering twig. B. Male flower. C. Synandrium. D. Portion of female flowering twig. E. Female flower. F. Ovary. G. Longitudinal section of female flower showing basal placentation. H. Fruit. A– C. From Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL). D–H. From S. Kurz s.n. Acc. No. 381617 (CAL). Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 0.5 mm (B–C), 0.85 cm (D), 0.9 mm (E), 0.75 mm (F), 1 mm (G), and 1 cm (H). June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 169
Towards south point, S. Kurz s.n. (CAL); South Andaman, Synandrium ellipsoid. Perianth caducous in 23 September 1867, S. Kurz s.n., fr. (K); Hope Town, Near fruit ...... H. amygdalina var. amygdalina Port Blair, 22 January 1884, Dr. King’s collector 45 (CAL); Port Mouat hill jungle, 3 March 1894, Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL); Andamans, C. E. Parkinson 466 (CAL), Middle 1. Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. in Andamans, Long Island, 2 June 1913, C. E. Parkinson Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. 1057, male fl. (K); 0–100 ft, 17 December 1915, C. E. Nat. Cur. 68: 310 (1897); Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penins. Parkinson 792 (CAL). MYANMAR. Birma and Malay 3: 57 (1924), p.p.; C. Y. Wu, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 12, Peninsula, Herb. Griffith, Herbarium of Late East India Co. No. 4357 (K); Great Cocos Island, David Prain, 1889, male fig. 3, 5–6 (1977); N. P. Balakr., Fl. Jowai 2: 400 fl. (E). (1983); W. J. de Wilde in Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 177 (1984); Harid. & R. R. Rao, Forest Horsfieldia sect. Pyrrhosa (Blume) Warb. in Fl. Meghalaya 2: 711 (1987); Li & Wilson, Fl. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. China 7: 100 (2009). – Myristica amygdalina Nat. Cur. 68: 123 (1897), p.p.; W. J. de Wilde Wall., [Cat. 6797 (1828) nom. nud.] Pl. Asiat. in Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 130 (1984); Fl. Rar. 1(4): 79, t. 90 (1830); Hook. f. & Thomson, Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 57 (2000). – Myristica sect. Fl. Ind. 1: 160 (1855), p.p.; A. DC., Prodr. 14(1): Pyrrhosa Blume, Rumphia 1: 190 (1837), p.p. 203 (1856), p.p.; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 283 quoad lectotypo; Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. (1877); Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 106 (1886), 1: 160 (1855); A. DC., Prodr. 14(1): 202 (1856), p.p.; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: p.p.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3: 136 (1880); 300, pl. 28 (1891); Brandis, Indian Trees: 525 King in Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 282 (1891). (1906); A. Das, Fl. Assam 4: 43 (1940); V. S. – Horsfieldia sect. Pyrrhosa subsect. Eupyrrhosa Rao, Trees. Duars & Terai: 80 (1957); Deb, Fl. Warb. in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Tripura 1: 99 (1981), p.p. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 265 (1897), p.p. excl. H. Type: MYANMAR. Moulmyne 1827, Wall. macrocoma. Cat. 6797 (K-W!–holotype; K!, BM!, CAL!, G– Type: Horsfieldia glabra (Blume) Warb. isotypes). Myristica sect. Irya auct. non Hook. f. & var. amygdalina: W. J. de Wilde in Gard. Thomson: King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta Bull. Singapore 37(2): 178 (1984). [Figs. 4, 5] 3: 284 (1891), p.p. Myristica floribunda Wall., Cat. 6805. 1832, Horsfieldia sect. Irya subsect. Trivalves nom. nud. Voucher specimens: CHINA (Tibet). Warb. in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Tibet et Montes vicinae, Wall. Cat. 6805 (K-W!, German. Nat. Cur. 68: 267 (1897). – Horsfieldia K !, BM!, CAL!, E!). sect. Trivalves subsect. Trivalves J. Sinclair in Myristica kurzii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Bull. Singapore 16: 370 (1958), comb. Gard. Calcutta 3: 310 (1891), nom. nud. inval. Type: Not designated. Voucher specimens: MYANMAR (BURMA). Distribution: ca. 60 species distributed Kurz s.n. (CAL!); Kurz 984 (CAL!). INDIA. from Continental SE Asia, SE to West Malesia S. Andamans, Hutbaypur, interior of jungle hill including the Philippines; two species in India land, 6 September 1890, Dr. King’s collector (North Eastern India and Andaman and Nicobar s.n. (K!). INDIA. S. Andamans, Danda/Danola Islands). Pet, 1890, Dr. G King s.n. (K!, CAL!). INDIA, Andamans, Thani/Dhani Kari, Hill jungle, 15 Key to the species January 1891, Dr. King’s collector s.n. (K!, 1a. Male inflorescence axis puberulous. CAL!). Synandrium globose or trigonolobous. Horsfieldia tonkinensis Lecomte in Not. Perianth persistent in fruit ...... H. kingii Syst. 1(4): 100 (1909); Fl. Indo-Chine 5(2): 101 1b. Male inflorescence axis glabrous. (1914). Type: VIETNAM (TONKIN), Bon 4272 170 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月
Fig. 4. Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. var. amygdalina. A. Habit. B. Apical twig. C. Male Inflorescence (inset enlarged). D. Fruit. E. Male flowers. F. Apical part of young male inflorescence. A–B, F. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4242 (NEIST). C, E. From D. Banik 3298 (NEIST). D. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4288 (NEIST). Scale bars: 2 mm (C), 1 cm (D), 2 mm (E), and 1 mm (F). June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 171
Fig. 5. Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. var. amygdalina. A. Portion of male flowering twig. B. Portion of male inflorescence. C. Synandrium. D. Male flower. E. Tepals of male flower. F. Transverse section of synandrium. G. Female flower. H. Part of female flower. I–J. Ovary. K. Mature fruit. A–C. From D. Banik (NEIST). D–F. From N. P. Balakrishnan 3937 (CAL). G–I. From R. P. Dwivedi (CAL). J. From U. N. Kanjilal 4774 (CAL). K. From Dr. G. King s.n. (CAL). Scale bars: 1 cm (A, K), 2.5 mm (B, E), 0.75 mm (C), 3 mm (D), 1.5 mm (F), 2.75 mm (G), 3.5 mm (H), and 1.5 mm (I–J). 172 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月
(4302) (P–non vidi). connate laterally. Female inflorescence axillary, Horsfieldia tonkinensis Lecomte var. contracted, once branched, 1.5–5.3 cm long, multiracemosa Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1(4): 100 6–11 flowered, woody, brown puberulous. (1909); Fl. Indo-Chine 5(2): 102 (1914). Type: Female flowers downwardly directed, pedicel VIETNAM (TONKIN), Bon s.n. (4302) (P–non woody, 1–2.5 mm long, tomentose; buds vidi). ellipsoid to obovoid, 1.5–1.75 mm long, 1.5–2 Myristica glabra auct. non Blume: King in mm broad, tepals 2(–3) united to 1.25 mm Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 310, pl. 142 from base, obtuse, coriaceous (0.8–1 mm (1891); C. E. Parkinson, Forest Fl. Andaman Isl.: thick), glabrous or puberulous outside; ovary 224 (1923); J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Singapore globose to ovoid, 0.5–1.5 mm long, 0.8–1 mm 28: 35 (1975), p.p. quoad specim. Continental broad, sulcate, sessile, glabrous; stigma sessile, Asia; Tsiang & Li, Fl. Republ. Popul. Sin. obscurely 2-lobed, each apiculate, ovule 1. Fruit 30(2): 204, fig. 93 (1979); B. K. Sinha, Fl. Great ellipsoid or ovoid (-globose), rounded at both Nicobar Isl.: 359 (1999). ends, perianth caducous, pericarp 1.7–4.2 cm Tree 6–35 m high. Twigs glabrous, long, 1.3–2.3 cm broad, coriaceous, 2.5–5 mm lenticellate; apical bud 0.8–1.5(–2.1) cm long, thick, glabrous or puberulous only at base; aril 1–2.5 mm broad, brown, puberulous. Leaves orange, entire; seed ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5–3 cm alternate; petiole (0.6–)1.1–2.0 cm long, long, 0.8–1.3 cm broad. glabrous; lamina obovate-elliptic(-narrowly Distribution: India (Andaman: North elliptic), 13–24 cm long, 3.5–8 cm broad, base Andamans, Middle Andamans, South attenuate(-obtuse); apex acute, acuminate; Andamans; Nicobar Islands, S. Nicobar; Assam: midrib depressed or flat above, raised below; Goalpara, Sivasagar, Cachar; Meghalaya: secondary nerves brochidodomous, arising Ribhoi, Khasia & Jaintia Hills, Quinine Village; from the midrib at an angle of ≤45°–80° on Tripura: Shilbari, Dhalai; Mizoram: Tepai) also acroscopic side and ≤45°–75° on basiscopic in Bangladesh, Myanmar, China (Guangdong, side, 8–14(–20) pairs; tertiary nerves obscurely Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), N. Thailand, Laos, prominent. Inflorescences axillary. Male N. and C. Vietnam (Tonkin, N. and C. Annam). inflorescence branched 2–3 times, 6.2–16.5 Flowering: September–December; Feburary, cm long, 3.5–5.5 cm broad, 7-many-flowered, July. glabrous or brown-puberulous; hairs to 0.2 Fruiting: January–April; October. mm long, armed, caducous; bracts-1, 2–5 mm Habitat: Shaded places in inland forests, on long, 1–3 mm broad, elliptic-ovoid, base acute- clayey and sandy loam, sublittoral forests up to obtuse-rounded, entire, apex acute to acuminate, 900 m. brown, puberulous or glabrous, sometimes Vernacular names: Dieng-Soh-jodao, larger, 7–8 veined similar to leaves, caducous to Dien-ja-lyntep (Khasi); Pakna-Kala (Cachar); persistent. Male flower pedicel 1–1.5 mm long; Bolchekpok (Garo); Dieng Bolong (Khasi); bud globose to obovoid, 2–2.5 mm long, 1.5–2 Dettakarong, Pran-dang-arong (Mikir); Ching- mm broad, tepals 3 united to 1.5 mm from base; liang-pai (Naga); Sial-tuai (Lushai); Amol broadly triangular, coriaceous, outside glabrous (Assamese) to scarcely brown puberulous; synandrium Uses: Seeds and arils are eaten (Anonymous transversly elliptic, 1.25–1.5 mm long, 1.25– 1959). 1.5 mm broad, sessile, trilobed, depressed- Notes: The species was misidentified as emarginate at apex; sessile or androphore Horsfieldia glabra (Blume) Warb. which is 0.1–0.2 mm long; stamens 8–29(–38); anthers distributed in Western Malesia. It differs from linear, incurved to 1 mm long, slightly unequal, the present species in black dots on the lower June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 173
Fig. 6. Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. A. Habit. B. Fruiting twig. C. Fruit (mature fruit, pericarp, aril, seed coat, kernel). D. Longitidinal section of female flower showing basal placentation. E. Female flowers. F. Longitudinal section of mature fruit. G. Male twig. H. Male inflorescence. I. Male flower. A–F. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4201 (NEIST). G–I. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4205 (NEIST). Scale bars: 3.5 cm (C), 1 mm (D–E, I), 1 cm (F–H). 174 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月
Fig. 7. Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. A. Portion of female twig. B. Longitudinal section of fruit. C. Portion of male twig. D. Dried fruit. E–F. Female flower. G–H. Ovary. I. Transverse section of ovary. J. Male flower. K–L. Synandrium. A–B. From D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4201 (NEIST). C. From G. King s.n. (CAL). D. From G. A. Gammie s.n. (CAL). E– I. From G. A. Gammie s.n. (CAL). J–L. From G. King s.n. (CAL). Scale bars: 1 cm (A, D), 1.3 cm (B), 2 cm (C), 1.25 mm (E), 1.15 mm (F), 0.55 mm (G), 0.58 mm (H), 2.2 mm (I), 1.09 mm (J), 0.52 mm (K) and 0.31 mm (L). June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 175 surface of leaf lamina (de Wilde 1984b). D. B. Deb 2726 (CAL); Dhalai district, Chailengta to Specimens examined: INDIA. ANDAMAN & Chawmanu, 23°55ʹ27.4ʺN; 092°00ʹ28.4ʺE, 31 May 2014, NICOBAR ISLANDS: Tenasserim and Andamans, Herb. D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4288, fr. (NEIST); 23°54ʹ15.2ʺN; Helfer, British provinces of Tenasserim, Indo-China, 1838, 092°00ʹ11.2ʺE, 31 May 2014, D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4289, Dr. Helfer 1012 (Herbarium of East India Company No. fr. (NEIST). 4358, K); North Andamans: Diglipur, 17 November 1976, NG Nair 4804 (CAL); Middle Andamans, Dhani Kari, Hill 2. Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. in jungle, 14 January 1884, Dr. King’s collector 33 (CAL), Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Boru. Sung. La. 150 ft, Nov. 1915, C. E. Parkinson 716 Nat. Cur. 68: 308 (1897); J. Sinclair in Gard. (CAL); South Andamans, Hutbaypur – hill jungle, 4 March 1893, Dr. King’s collector s.n.; Alimasjed and Bumlitan hill Bull. Singapore 28: 74 (1975); W. J. de Wilde in jungle, 2 October 1893, Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL); Gard. Bull. Singapore 37: 170 (1984); Grierson Between Alimasjid & Bumlitan Hill jungle, 21 October & D. G. Long, Fl. Bhutan 1(2): 245 (1984); 1893, Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL); Ali-Masjid Reserve, Harid. & R. R. Rao, Forest Fl. Meghalaya 2: 711 March 1915, C. E. Parkinson 373 (CAL); Chiriatapu, 0–200 ft, 19 January 1916, C. E. Parkinson 886 (CAL); (1987); Li & Wilson, Fl. China 7: 100 (2009); Nicobar Islands, Nancowry Island, 4 km from Malacca, M. F. Watson & K. Maden, Fl. Nepal: 3 (2012). 24 May 1997, N. Bhargava 5086 (CAL); 19 km on road to – Myristica kingii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 106 Pygmalion Point, Inland forests, sea level, 17 May 1976, N. P. Balakrishnan 3825 (CAL); South Nicobars, 34 km on (1886); King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: East-West Road, 175 m, 22 July 1976, N. P. Balakrishnan 300, pl. 127 (1891); Brandis, Indian Trees: 525 3937 (CAL); 37 km on East-West Road, 1 October 1980, (1906); A. Das, Fl. Assam 4: 43 (1940); V. S. D. K. Hore 8254 (CAL); 33 km on East West Road, 4 Rao, Trees Duars & Terai: 80 (1957); C. Y. Wu, October 1980, D. K. Hore 8268 (CAL); Kopen Heat, 3 February 1981, R. P. Dwivedi 7809 (CAL); Laful forest, Fl. Yunnan. 1: 10, fig. 4 (9–10) (1977); Tsiang 18 May 1981, R. P. Dwivedi 8540 (CAL); ASSAM, & Li, Fl. Republ. Popul. Sin. 30(2): 202, fig. 92 Masters s.n. (CAL, E); Tinsukia (Sibsagar), Barpather (1979). (Borhola Road), 270 ft, 25 April 1914, U. Kanjilal 3896 Lectotype (designated by de Wilde 1984: (CAL, ASSAM); Chachar district, Katakhal Reserve, 13 December 1914, U. Kanjilal 4860 (ASSAM); Hailakandi, 170): INDIA. Sikkim Himalayas, Groong Voo, Lallacherra, 16 December 1914, U. Kanjilal 4885 (CAL, Near Sivoke at about 1000 ft, 19 June 1881, ASSAM); N. C. Hills, Haflong, 1650 ft, 9 May 1915, U. G. King s.n., male fl. (G–non vidi; CAL !, K!, Kanjilal 5646, fr. (ASSAM); Goalpara station, plains, 1890, BM!–isolectotypes). [Figs. 6, 7] Dr. King’s collector s.n. (CAL); Nowgong dist, Doboka Sal forest 260 ft, 29 December 1913, U. Kanjilal 4311 Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. in Lingnan (ASSAM); MEGHALAYA: Herbarium Hookerianum Sc. J. 11: 43 (1932); Tsiang & Li, Fl. Reipubl. 1867, Ind. Or., ad basin Khasia, Regio. Trop. J. D. Hooker Popul. Sin. 30(2): 199, fig. 91 (1979). Type: & T. Thomson coll. 11/50 (K); Herb. Helfer, Herbarium of CHINA. Hainan, Hung Mo Shan and vicinity, East India Co. No. 4348 (K); J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Acc. No. 381563 (CAL); Khasia & Jayantia Hills, Lai (Loi) area, beside a large stream half way up near Bholaganj, 2000 ft, 16 October 1914, U. Kanjilal the mountain, 17 June 1929, Tsang & Fung 317 4592 (CAL, ASSAM); Umsaw, 30 November 1934, C. [Lingnan university 17851], fr. (NY–holotype, S. Purkayastha 10948, fl. (ASSAM); Umsaw forest, 3000 non vidi; K!–isotype). ft, 26 October 1938, Dr. K. Biswas 3725 (CAL); Dawki, 1 November 1935, G. K. Deka 12876 (ASSAM); Dawki Horsfieldia tetratepala C. Y. Wu in Acta forest, 4 May 1943, G. K. Deka 21695 (ASSAM); Garo Phytotax. Sin. 6(2): 218 (1957); Fl. Yunnan. 1: Hills, Dambu Reserve, 1400 ft, 28 March 1915, U. Kanjilal 12, fig. 4 (1–8) (1977); Tsiang & Li, Fl. Republ. 5389; Ribhoi district, From Quinine Umsaw Village to Popul. Sin. 30(2): 197, fig. 90 (1979). Type: Umtasor forest on right hand side, 10 October 2012, D. Banik 3295, fl. (NEIST); Quinine Umsaw Village, 13 CHINA. Yunnan Expedition, Sino-ross. 2770 October 2012, D. Banik 3298, fl. (NEIST); Karbi Anglong (KUN–non vidi; PE–non vidi, photo!). District, Chilonijan, 5 December 2013, D. Banik & P. P. Tree 10–15 m high. Twigs glabrous, striate, Bora 4242 (NEIST); MIZORAM, Lushai Hills, Tepai, lenticellate; apical bud 1.5–2.7 cm long, 350 ft, 27 November 1914, U. Kanjilal 4774 (CAL); Tepai Mukh, 300 ft, 27 November 1914, U. Kanjilal 4760 1.5–7 mm wide, tomentose; hairs dendroid, (ASSAM); TRIPURA, Shilbari, 20 September 1960, Dr. 2–3 branched; bracteate. Leaves alternate; 176 植物研究雑誌 第 91 巻 第 3 号 2016 年 6 月 petiole 1.4–2.8 cm long, 2.7–3.8 mm wide, Fruiting: April–July; January. glabrous; lamina 16.2–33.4 cm long, 5–11.7 cm Habitat: Grows between 60–600 m. broad, membranous, obovate, base attenuate, Vernacular names: Amol (Assamese); apex acuminate, cuspidate, glabrous; midrib Mijing-ikum-asing; Pandika choa-phang (Kach); depressed to flat above, raised puberulous Siltui (Lushai); Bolong, Bolouchi (Garo); below, brochidodomous eucamptodromous; Ramgua, Runchepot (Nepali, Sikkim); Kaol- nerves arising from midrib at an angle of kung, Donglukung (Lepcha). ≤45°–65° on acroscopic side and ≤55°–70° on Uses: Fruit edible but also can cause basiscopic side; (8–)12–16 pairs; tertiary nerves intoxication; the seed is used as substitute of more prominent below. Male inflorescence arecanut. The red latex is dried and used to treat branched twice, 5.8–9 cm long, tomentose; sore throat (Anonymous 1959). hairs branched. Male flower: pedicel ca. 1.5 mm Note: The present study has found extended long, tomentose to puberulous; bud globose, distribution in Tripura in India. 2.5–3 mm long, 2.75–3 mm broad, perianth Specimens examined: INDIA. ARUNACHAL campanulate; tepals 3–4, united to 1mm at PRADESH: Aka hills, August 1934, N. L. Bor 18942 (field base, each lobe triangular, coriaceous (thick no. 1111) (ASSAM); NEF tracts, Pasighat Forest, 2 July 1938, G. K. Deka 16987 (ASSAM); Lower Subansiri, ca. 1 mm), puberulous; synandrium globose or Chessa, 9 March 1983, Buru Loder 0542 (APFH); Papum transversly elliptic, 1.25–1.5 mm in diameter or Pare District, Rono Hill, Rajib Gandhi University, Botanical 0.75–1 mm long, 1–1.5 mm broad, trilobed to Garden, 86 m, 26°05.847ʹN; 093°43.994ʹE, 28 July 2013, multilobed; sessile or androphore 0.25–0.5 mm D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4213 (NEIST); Khamir village, Poma extensison, 274 m, 27°03.398ʹN; 093°30.849ʹE, long; stamens 32–43; anthers linear, ca. 1 mm 3 August 2013, D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4226 (NEIST); long, slightly unequal, connate laterally. Female ASSAM: July 1845, Masters coll. s.n. (CAL); Masters inflorescence contracted, 2.5–3 cm long, 7–8 s.n. (K); Simons s.n. (-48) (CAL); 23 July 1846 Jenkins flowered, tomentose. Female flower: pedicel s.n. (CAL); Sat.....Master 1679 (CAL); Cachar, Patakhal 1.5–2 mm long, tomentose; bud (perianth) Forest, May 1885, N. G. Young s.n. (CAL); Sibsagar, Mikir Hills, near Kaziranga, 23 January 1914, U. Kanjilal s.n. globose to campanulate, 3–3.75 mm long, (82P) (ASSAM); Dhikari ghat, 330 ft, 16 February 1914, 3.5–4 mm broad, tepals 2(–3), united to 1.5–2 U. Kanjilal 6657 (CAL); Darrang, Batasipur, March 1960, mm at base, each lobe triangular, coriaceous from Silviculturist, Shillong no. 4 (ASSAM); Lakhimpur, (1.5–2 mm thick), puberulous; ovary globose Makum range, 350 ft, U. Kanjilal 6854, male fl. (ASSAM); Assam, N. L. Bor 17423 (field no. 1197) (ASSAM); NE to obovoid, slightly bilobed depressed at apex, Frontier, Khyrumpani, 8 December 1913, U. Kanjilal 1–1.5 mm in diameter or 1.5–2 mm long, 1–1.5 3162 (ASSAM); Golaghat District, Deopahar, 120 m, mm broad, brown, tomentose; stigma sessile, 26°36ʹ07.9ʺN; 93°43ʹ50.5ʺE, 11 November 2012, D. Banik 2-lobed, black. Fruit yellowish green, ellipsoid, & P. P. Bora 4201, fr. (NEIST); Jorhat District, Holongapar base cuneate, apex beaked, perianth members Gibbon Wild Life Sanctuary, Compartment – 2, 7 July 2013, D. Banik & P. P. Bora 4205, fl. (NEIST). MANIPUR: persistent at base, 4.5–7.2 cm long, 3–4 cm Senapati District, Charoi Pandongba, Before Tamenglong wide, pericarp coriaceous, 2.5–15 mm thick, District, Towards Noney, 4 December 2013, D. Banik & rugose puberulous, later on glabrous; aril orange P. P. Bora 4241 (NEIST). MEGHALAYA: Khasia and yellow, entire; seed ovoid to elliptic, 2.5–3.5 cm Jaintia Hills, 37 miles Gauhati Road, 4 July 1935, Shri Ram Sarma 12010, male fl. (ASSAM); Nongpoh, Balaiba long, 1.3–2 cm wide. Tilla, 2600 ft, 31 July 1964, Joseph 37492, female fl. Distribution: India (Assam, Cachar; N (ASSAM); Umteswar forest, 4 May 1936, Sri Ram Sharma West Bengal, Tista, Mungpoo; Sikkim, Sivoke, 13277 (ASSAM). SIKKIM: Rishop below hut, 1500 ft, 1 Rungit, Rishap, Tista; Tripura, North Tripura), September 1875, G. King 2380, fr. (BM); Rishap, 1885, G. Eastern Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China A. Gammie s.n. (CAL); Rishap, 2000 ft, 15 January 1887, G. A. Gammie s.n. (CAL); Rungeet, 2000 ft, 18 April 1911, (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan). Ribu 5000, fr. (LLOYD, CAL, E); Sikkim, June 1899, C. Flowering: June. G. Rogers s.n. (LLOYD, CAL); Sikkim Himalayas, 1900 June 2016 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 91 No. 3 177
(?) G. H. Cave s.n. (LLOYD); Surgli, 2000 ft, 21 May Bentham G. and Hooker J. D. 1880. Myristiceae. Genera 1914, ….., Dong Kloo Kung (LLOYD); Rongpong, in Plantarum 3. pp. 135–137. L. Reeve & Co., London. forest, 2000 ft, 19 July 1922, G. H. Cave s.n., fr. (LLOYD); Blume C. L. 1837. XI. Collectanea ad Cognitionem Mumkhola, from Rongpong to Gangtok, 3 June 2000, Myristicearum Indiae Orientalis. Rumphia 1, pp. D. Banik 27816 (CAL); Ranikhola, second mile, near 174–194, t. 55–64. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden, the Rumtek, 4 June 2000, D. Banik 27819 (CAL); East Sikkim, Netherlands]. Gangtok, from Saramsa Garden towards Kishen School Chase M. W. and Reveal J. L. 2009. A phylogenetic (nearly 2 km), Aho Khola, 4 June 2000, D. Banik 27817 classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. (CAL); WEST BENGAL: Darjeeling District, Mongpu, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 122–127. Forests, 2500 ft, June 1900, G. H. Cave s.n. (LLOYD); De Candolle A. 1856. Myristicaceae. De Candolle’s Mungpoo, May 1900, Dr. Prain’s collector s.n. (CAL); Prodromous 14(1), pp. 189–205, Sumptibus Fortin, Bengal, Tista valley, 800 ft, June 1904, H. H. Haines 842 Masson et Sociorum. BB, fl (K, E); Darjeeling, 19…, J. M. Cown s.n., male fl. De Wilde W. J. J. O. 1984a. Endocomia, A new genus of (E); Tista, 21 April 1908, Ribu 787 (CAL). TRIPURA: Myristicaceae. Blumea 30: 173–196. North Tripura, Jampui hills, Vanghmun to Tlangsang, De Wilde W. J. J. O. 1984b (actually 1985). A new account 23°58ʹ39.5ʺN, 092°16ʹ39.9ʺE, 26 May 2014, D. Banik & P. of the genus Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae), Pt 1. Gard. P. Bora 4279, fr. (NEIST). Bull. Singapore 37(2): 115–179. A few acronyms used in the text for herbaria not De Wilde W. J. J. O. 1985a. A new account of the genus mentioned in Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al. 1990) Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae), Pt 2. Gard. Bull. are given here. Singapore 38(1): 55–144. APFH: The Herbarium, State Forest Research Institute, De Wilde W. J. J. O. 1985b (actually 1986). A new account Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar, 791111 INDIA. of the genus Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae), Pt 3. Gard. LLOYD: The Herbarium of Llyod’s Botanical Garden, Bull. Singapore 38(2): 185–225. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734101 INDIA. De Wilde W. J. J. O. 1986a. A new account of the genus NEIST: The Herbarium, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae), Pt 4. Gard. Bull. 785006 INDIA. Singapore 39(1): 1–65. De Wilde W. J. J. O. 2000. Myristicaceae. In: Stevens P. The authors are thankful to the Director F. (ed.), Flora Malesiana ser. 1, 14: 1–632. Nationaal CSIR-NEIST and Dr. S. C. Nath, Chief Scientist, Herbarium Nederland, Leiden. CSIR-NEIST for the logistics for the work and Haston E., Richardson J. E., Stevens P. F., Chase M. W. and Harris D. J. 2009. The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny for the infrastructure facilities of the herbarium Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in of the institute, to the Science & Engineering APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 128–131. Research Board (SERB), Department of Science Holmgren P. K., Holmgren N. H. and Barnett L. C. (eds.) & Technology, Government of India and the 1990. Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. Ed. 8. Regnum Vegetabile 120. New York. Director, Botanical Survey of India and Keeper/ Hooker J. D. 1890. Myristiceae. Flora of British India 5: In-charge of the herbaria mentioned in the text, 101–114, L. Reeve & Co., London. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCFs)/ IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version Chief Wild Life Warden (CWLW)/Divisional 2013.2.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the accessed on 31.12.2013). orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. Warburg O. 1897. Monographie der Myristicaceen. Nova J. Linn. Soc. 161: 105–121. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur., 68. com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/pdf last
D. Banik，P. P. Bora： イ ン ド 産 Horsfieldia 属 と Endocomia 属（ニクズク科）の分類学的ノート イ ン ド 産 ニ ク ズ ク 科 の 2 属，Horsfieldia Willd. と リウムに収蔵された標本にもとづいて記載した．ここで Endocomia W. J. de Wilde に お い て， 次 の 4 種 を 認 め 認めた全ての種について，シノニム，タイプ標本，記載， た：Endocomia macrocoma (Miq.) W. J. de Wilde subsp. 分布，フェノロジー，俗名，引用標本を挙げた．なお， prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde，Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Endocomia macrocoma subsp. prainii はアッサム州とト Warb.，H. amygdalina (Wall.) Warb. var. amygdalina およ リプラ州では初めての報告となる． び H. kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. （インド・CSIR-North East Institute これらの 4 種の形態的特徴を，2000 年と 2012–2014 of Science & Technology） 年にインド国内で行った調査で採集した標本とハーバ