DOCSLIB.ORG

1980 121 Wood Anatomy of Horsfieldia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1980 121 Wood Anatomy of Horsfieldia IAWABulletinn.s., Vol. 1 (3), 1980 121 WOOD ANATOMY OF HORSFIELDIA (MYRlSTICACEAE) by J. E. Armstrong and T. K. Wilson Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61761, U. S. A. and Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, U.S.A. Summary The wood of Horsfieldia is, on the whole, (Garratt, 1933) was based on a small number very homogeneous. The greatest differences of specimens and the descriptions were rather observed are related to the relative age of the general. Siddiqi and Wilson (1974) have provi­ specimens. In contrast to the wood of Knema ded a comprehensive study of the genus the mature wood of Horsfieldia lacks oil cells Knema. Siddiqi and Wilson were unable to in the rays and has a predominance of simple weigh intra-family relationships due to the lack perforation plates as well as shorter, wider of information on the other genera. From vessel elements and wider rays. The homogenei­ available information they judged Knema to be ty of the secondary xylem of Horsfieldia makes more similar to Myristica than Gymnacranthera it of little taxonomic value on a specific level. and supported Garratt's conclusion that Based on wood anatomy, Horsfieldia can be Horsfieldia stands apart from the other three distinguished from the other three Asiatic southeast Asia genera. Hopefully this study will genera of the Myristicaceae. help clarify the position and relationships of Horsfieldia within the Myristicaceae, as well as Introduction determine whether there is any anatomical Horsfieldia is the second largest genus of support for the division of the genus into the nutmeg family with 70-80 species. War­ sections. burg (1897) recognized 52 species of Horsfiel­ dia which he placed into 3 sections based upon Methods and Materials characteristics of the staminate flowers. In his Fifty specimens representing 31 species of revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae, Sinclair Horsfieldia were examined. Collections are (1958) felt that these sections were largely cited according to the recommendations by artificial and declined to place the Malayan Stern and Chambers (1960). This sample species into sections. However, Sinclair did use included 23 of Warburg's (1897) original 52 the perianth structure to tentatively divide the species and represented all three sections of genus into two sections depending upon the genus (Table 1). Sections Pyrrhosa and whether the perianth was bivalved or trivalved. Irya are each subdivided on the basis of perianth The only survey of myristicaceous wood lobing, bivalved or trivalved. Table 1. Sections of the genus Horsfieldia after Warburg (1897) Species examined Section Pyrrhosa Subsection Bivalves: H. ardisiifolia, H. novae-lauenburgiae, H. polyantha. H. subtilis. H. tuberculata Subsection Eupyrrhosa: H. amygdalina. H. glabra. H. macrocoma. H. motleyi. H. superba. H. tomentosa Section Irya Subsection Euirya: H. irya. H. crassifolia. H. sucosa Subsection Trivalves: H. brachiata. H. lemanniana. H. subglobosa Section Orthanthera: H. iryaghedhi. H. sylvestris 122 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vo!. 1(3),1980 The wood blocks were prepared and section­ nes: T, Bartlett (USw-298 I 6); M(CLPw-9890). ed using standard techniques. The sections H. motleyi Warb., Borneo: M(MADw-4272). H. were stained with modified Heidenhain's novae-Iauenburgiae Warb., New Guinea: M(SJR­ hematoxylin (Wilson & Shutts, 1957) and w-29462). H. obscurinervia Merr., Camarines: iron-alum safranin (Gray & Pickle, 1956). M(CLPw-26503). H. pilifera Markgr., New Small samples were macerated with Jeffrey's Guinea: M(WIBw-3234). H. polyantha Warb., fluid (Johansen, 1940). The macerated wood New Guinea: M(WIBw-9064). H. polyspherula was stained with iron-alum safranin and dehy­ (Hook. f.) Sinc!., Indonesia: T(USw-29412); drated with an acetone series to prevent Borneo: M(USw-30853). H. subglobosa (Miq.) excessive destaining. While mounting the tissue Warb., Indonesia: T, Bartlett (USw-29280, a binocular dissection microscope was used to USw-29329); T(USw-29377); Borneo: M(USw- help isolate large numbers of vessel elements 23571). H. subtilis Warburg, New Guinea: from the numerous surrounding fibres. The M(WIBw-10153). H. sucosa (King) Warb., isolated vessel elements were mounted on a Malaya: M(SJRw-23606). H. superba Warb., single slide. The additional preparation time Malaya: M(SJRw-39096). H. sylvestris Warb., was more than adequately compensated for Singapore: T, Canright 1017 (MU); Indonesia: when 25-75 vessel elements could be easily ob­ M(BZFw-29884); New Guinea: M(WIBw- served without a lengthy search of numerous 1151). H. tomentosa Warburg, Indonesia: T, slides. This is especially useful in a wood Rahmat si Boeea (USw-27588, USW-28040). with relatively few vessel elements. H. tuberculata (Schum.) Warb., Melanesia: The measurement data for each anatomi­ M(SJRw-22968). H. cf xanthina Airy Shaw, cal parameter were accumulated from a ran­ Borneo: M, Pickles (USw-16984, USw-16987). domly selected sample of 30 per specimen. The angle of the end wall of vessel elements was Results measured from the vertical with a transverse There is a great deal of similarity among end wall having an angle of 90°. Descriptive the various specimens of Horsfieldia that terminology follows the recommendations of were examined. The greatest differences were the Committee of Nomenclature, International directly related to the relative ages of the Association of Wood Anatomists (1964). Size wood specimens. The wood specimens obtain­ classifications conform to the recommenda­ ed from various sources represent either young tions of Chattaway (1932) and the Committee stems or twigs, which are easily identified, on the Standardization of Terms of Cell Size, or blocks of wood, which because of their International Association of Wood Anato­ parallel, non-converging rays must have come mists (1937,1939). from peripheral portions of larger stems or branches. While the maturity of the latter Specimens examined (T-twig, M-mature): H. specimens is stilI open to question, the obvi­ acuminata Merr., Philippines: M(CLPw-29 I 76); ous homogeneity of these wood specimens is M(CLPw-29146). H. amygdalina Warb., Indo­ sufficient rational for presenting the obser­ nesia: M, Krukoff 4138 (USw-636 I). H. ar­ vations for twig specimens and the mature spe­ disiifolia Warb., New Guinea: M(CLPw-28297); cimens separately. In addition, anatomists are M(WIBw-1003). H. bivalvis (Hook. f.) Merr., often confronted with the task of attempting Indonesia: T, Rahmat si Boeea (USw-28420). an identification or comparison with little H. brachiata Warb., Indonesia: T, Rahmat si more than a twig from an herbarium specimen. Boeea (USw-28587); Borneo: M(USw-30850). Descriptions of mature wood are of little use in H. carnosa Warb., Borneo: M(USw-30852). H. comparisons with such specimens. The age confertiflora Merr., Philippines: M (CLPw- determination of the specimens is indicated in 22551); M(SJRw-22111). H. crassifolia Warb., the list of specimens examined. Borneo: M(USw-30851). H. glabra (Blume) Warb., Indonesia: M(SJRw-21681); T, Rahmat Wood from Twig Specimens si Boeea (USw-2801 0, USw-29020, USw-29058, There were 15 specimens of Horsfieldia USw-29 108). H. helwigii Warb., New Guinea: wood from young twigs examined. These M(WIBw-2733); M(USw-24076). H. irya specimens represent the first 1-1.5 cm of Warb., New Guinea: M(WIBw-873). H. irya­ secondary xylem formed. ghedhi (Gaertn.) Warb., Ceylon: M, For. Res. Vessels - The vessels are usually very numer­ Inst. 194C (USw-2l761). H. lemanniana Warb., ous, and diffusely distributed in pairs (58%), Malaya: M(SJRw-23603). H. macro coma solitarily (31%), or in short radial chains (11%) Warb., New Guinea: M(WIBw-11182); M(USw- (Table 2, Fig. I). Vessel element size is modera­ 23956). H. megacarpa Merr., Philippines: T, tely small to medium in diameter, and medium Barbon 695 (MU). H. merrillii Warb., Philippi- to moderately long, with a length to width .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersal of a Neotropical Nutmeg (Virola Sebifera) by Birds
    DISPERSAL OF A NEOTROPICAL NUTMEG (VIROLA SEBIFERA) BY BIRDS HENRY F. HOWE Program in Evolutionary Ecologyand Behavior, Department of Zoology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA Al•ST•CT.--Feeding assemblagesof birds were observedat a Panamanian population of Virola sebifera (Myristicaceae) in order to test the hypothesisthat plants producing especiallynutritious fruits in limited supply should be efficiently dispersedby a small set of obligate frugivores. Virola sebifera producesan encapsulatedarillate seedthat is swallowed by birds shortly after dehiscence. The aril (54% lipid, 7% protein, 8% usable carbohydrate) is retained; the seed is regurgitated intact within 10-30 min. The plant produces 1-96 (Yc= 24) ripe arillate seedseach day, of which 40-89% (Yc= 76%) are taken within a few hours of dawn. The visitor assemblageconsists of six resident frugivores. Three [Chestnut-mandibledToucan (Ramphastosswainsonii), Keel-billed Toucans (R. sulfuratus), and Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata)] are "regulars," likely to visit all trees; three [Slaty-tailed Trogon (2•rogonmassena), Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii), and Collared Aracari (Pteroglossustorquatus) are common throughout the Barro Colorado Forest but do not consistently use Virola sebifera. The Chestnut-mandibled Toucan is responsiblefor 43% of the seedsremoved by birds, although it is also responsiblefor more seedwaste (regurgi- tation under the tree crown) than other visitors. Rapid depletion of available fruits each morning and active defense of the crowns by toucans suggest a limited and preferred food resource for "regulars"in the assemblage. A review of recent work indicatesthat the assemblagevisiting Virola sebiferais similar to that frequenting its larger congener (V. surinamensis) but is far smaller and more specialized than those visiting other fruiting trees in the same forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life of Western Australia
    INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Myristicaceae
    BLUMEA 42 (1997) 111-190 Notes on Southeast Asian and Malesian Myristica and description of new taxa (Myristicaceae). With keys arranged per geographical area (New Guinea excepted) W.J.J.O. de Wilde Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary Following the introductory sections, a general key, and regional keys, noteworthy observations are whole distributional of the of given for selected species of Myristica covering the area genus west New Guinea. New taxa, i.e. species (14), subspecies (10), and varieties (2) are fully described and annotated. All accepted names are arranged alphabetically, followed by an index. Contents Introduction 112 References 112 Acknowledgements 113 General key for Continental Southeast Asia, Malesia, and Australia (excl. New Guinea and the Pacific) 113 Regional key for Continental Southeast Asia 123 Regional key for West Malesia 124 Regional key for East Malesia (most of New Guinea excepted) 128 Enumeration of the partial areas and concerning keys 133 1. India, Sri Lanka (with partial keys) 133 2. Continental Southeast Asia 134 3. Malay Peninsula and Singapore 134 4. Sumatra 135 5. Java (with general key to areas 3, 4 & 5) 135 6. Borneo (with regional key) 138 7. Philippines (with regional key) 141 8. Sulawesi (with regional key) 144 9. Moluccas (incl. Aru Islands) 145 10. Lesser Sunda Islands 145 List of annotated or described and accepted taxa, newly alphabetically arranged . 146 Index 189 112 BLUMEA —Vol. 42, No. 1, 1997 Introduction With the completion of the revision of all Myristica material in the Leiden collection, with extension to most of the materials of the Kew herbarium and incidental loans of important collections of other herbaria, quite a number of new taxa were still to be published.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Taxonomic Treatment of the Neotropical Genera
    An Intrageneric and Intraspecific Study of Morphological and Genetic Variation in the Neotropical Compsoneura and Virola (Myristicaceae) by Royce Allan David Steeves A Thesis Presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Royce Steeves, August, 2011 ABSTRACT AN INTRAGENERIC AND INTRASPECIFIC STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE NEOTROPICAL COMPSONEURA AND VIROLA (MYRISTICACEAE) Royce Allan David Steeves Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Dr. Steven G. Newmaster The Myristicaceae, or nutmeg family, consists of 21 genera and about 500 species of dioecious canopy to sub canopy trees that are distributed worldwide in tropical rainforests. The Myristicaceae are of considerable ecological and ethnobotanical significance as they are important food for many animals and are harvested by humans for timber, spices, dart/arrow poison, medicine, and a hallucinogenic snuff employed in medico-religious ceremonies. Despite the importance of the Myristicaceae throughout the wet tropics, our taxonomic knowledge of these trees is primarily based on the last revision of the five neotropical genera completed in 1937. The objective of this thesis was to perform a molecular and morphological study of the neotropical genera Compsoneura and Virola. To this end, I generated phylogenetic hypotheses, surveyed morphological and genetic diversity of focal species, and tested the ability of DNA barcodes to distinguish species of wild nutmegs. Morphological and molecular analyses of Compsoneura. indicate a deep divergence between two monophyletic clades corresponding to informal sections Hadrocarpa and Compsoneura. Although 23 loci were tested for DNA variability, only the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer contained enough variation to delimit 11 of 13 species sequenced.
    [Show full text]
  • Myristicaceae
    1762 TROPICAL FORESTS / Myristicaceae Burtt Davy J (1938) Classification of Tropical Woody importance. Fruit of the Myristicaceae, particularly Vegetation Types. Oxford, UK: Imperial Forestry In- the lipid-rich aril surrounding the seed in some stitute. species, are important as food for birds and mam- Champion HG and Seth SK (1968) Revised Survey of the mals of tropical forests. Numerous species are valued Forest Types of India. New Delhi, India: Manager of by humans as sources of food, medicine, narcotics, Publications, Government of India. and timber, including Myristica fragrans, the source Collins NM, Sagyer JA, and Whitmore TC (eds) (1991) of nutmeg and mace, the spices of commerce. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Asia and Pacific. London: Macmillan. Throughout the geographical range of Myristica- Edward MV (1950) Burma Forest Types. Indian Forest ceae, aromatic leaves, often stellate pubescence, a Records (new series). Silviculture 7(2). Dehra Dun, India: unique arborescent architecture (Figure 1), and sap Forest Research Institute. the color of blood (Figure 2) are characteristics that Holmer CH (1958) The broad pattern of climate and strongly enhance recognition of this family in the vegetation distribution in Ceylon. In Proceedings of a field. Species of this family are usually dioecious. Symposium on Humid Tropics Vegetation, Kanly. Paris: Flowers are tiny and found in paniculate inflores- UNESCO. cences, with filaments of stamens fused into a IUCN (1988) The Red Data Book. Switzerland: IUCN. column, giving rise to either free or fused anthers Kurz S (1877) Forest Flora of British Burma, 2 vols. (Figures 3 and 4). Fruits are one-seeded, dehiscent or Calcutta, India: Bishen Singh, Dehra Dun.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologia Reprodutiva E Fenologia De Virola Sebifera Aubl. (Myristicaceae) Em Mata Mesofítica De Uberlândia, MG, Brasil EDDIE LENZA1,3 E PAULO EUGÊNIO OLIVEIRA2
    Revista Brasil. Bot., V.29, n.3, p.443-451, jul.-set. 2006 Biologia reprodutiva e fenologia de Virola sebifera Aubl. (Myristicaceae) em mata mesofítica de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil EDDIE LENZA1,3 e PAULO EUGÊNIO OLIVEIRA2 (recebido: 3 de novembro de 2005; aceito: 27 de julho de 2006) ABSTRACT – (Reproductive biology and phenology of Virola sebifera Aubl. (Myristicaceae) in a mesophytic forest of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil). We studied some aspects of the floral and reproductive biology of Virola sebifera Aubl., a dioecious woody species of mesophytic forest in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The sex of 54 individuals in the study area was determined in three consecutive reproductive periods. Reproductive phenology of 11 individuals of each sex was followed from October 1998 to April 2000. The sex ratio was always male biased and no sex change was observed, which indicates sexual stability. The flowering was annual, relatively long and massive (cornucopia type) with male individuals blooming earlier and for a longer period than the female ones. Flowers, grouped in paniculate inflorescences, were small (3 and 4 mm long for male and female flowers respectively) and inconspicuous, with an infundibuliforme periant and inserted reproductive whorls. Both male and female flowers have long lifespan (ca. one week). Pollen in male flowers is the sole floral reward. Strong scent and similar flower morphology between sexes may lead to visits to rewardless female flowers (floral self-mimicry). Natural pollination resulted in relatively low number of initiated fruits (5.8%). Fruit-set from bagged unpollinated flowers (apomixis) were much lower than from natural pollination. These results show that V.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Biology of Myristica Insipida (Myristicaceae), a Distinctive Beetle Pollination Syndrome Author(S): Joseph E
    Floral Biology of Myristica insipida (Myristicaceae), a Distinctive Beetle Pollination Syndrome Author(s): Joseph E. Armstrong and Anthony K. Irvine Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 76, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 86-94 Published by: Botanical Society of America, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444777 Accessed: 06-09-2016 16:15 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444777?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Botanical Society of America, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany This content downloaded from 132.198.8.49 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 16:15:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Amer. J. Bot. 76(1): 86-94. 1989. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF MYRISTICA INSIPIDA (MYRISTICACEAE), A DISTINCTIVE BEETLE POLLINATION SYNDROME' JOSEPH E. ARMSTRONG AND ANTHONY K. IRVINE Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61761; and CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre, PO Box 780, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia ABSTRACT The floral biology and pollination of Myristica insipida were studied in two different rain forest communities in Queensland.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of Stranded Nutnegs Myristica Fragrans Houttuyn, 1774 (Magnoliales: Myristicaceae) on the Irish Coast and a Review of North Atlantic Records
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society Number 44 (2020) FIRST RECORDS OF STRANDED NUTNEGS MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTTUYN, 1774 (MAGNOLIALES: MYRISTICACEAE) ON THE IRISH COAST AND A REVIEW OF NORTH ATLANTIC RECORDS *Declan T. G. Quigley1, Liam MacNamara2 and Paul A. Gainey3 1Sea Fisheries Protection Authority, Eastern Region, West Pier, Howth, Co. Dublin, Ireland. 2Derreen, Craggagh, Fanore, Co. Clare, Ireland. 3Polwithen Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 8QT, U.K. *Corresponding author e-mail: <[email protected]> Abstract Between July and October 2019, LMN discovered a total of 23 nutmegs Myristica fragrans Houttuyn, 1774 stranded at various locations along the shoreline of County Clare, on the Atlantic coast of western Ireland. The specimens represent the first records of stranded M. fragrans seeds from Irish waters. The occurrence and potential provenance of stranded nutmegs on Irish and North Atlantic maritime shores are reviewed. Flotation experiments suggest that some stranded nutmegs may represent true peregrine trans-Atlantic drifters while others may have been locally discarded. Key words: Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, stranded nutmegs, Irish waters and North Atlantic. Introduction The pantropical family Myristicaceae consists of c.21 genera and c.520 species of woody trees, shrubs and, occasionally lianas (Cristenhusz and Byng, 2016; Santamari-Aguilar et al., 2019). Myristica is a genus of trees native to tropical Asia and the Western Pacific. Although at least 446 species and sub-species of Myristica have been described (Anon., 2020a), the identification of Myristica species based on traditional morphological criteria has always proven difficult, and so far, even DNA barcoding techniques based on rbcL and matK genes have generally failed to satisfactorily differentiate between species (Tallei and Kolondam, 2015; Nanlohy et al., 2017; Swetha et al., 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • MYRISTICACEAE 1. KNEMA Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 604. 1790
    MYRISTICACEAE 肉豆蔻科 rou dou kou ke Li Bingtao (李秉滔 Li Ping-tao)1; Thomas K. Wilson2 Evergreen trees, with tawny or red juice in bark or around heart wood. Leaves simple, alternate, entire, exstipulate, with pinnate veins, often pellucid punctate, spirally or distichously arranged. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, racemose, capitate, or cymose; flowers fascicled, in various racemose arrangements or clusters; bracts caducous; bracteoles inserted on pedicels or at base of perianth. Plants monoecious or dioecious. Flowers small, unisexual. Perianth gamophyllous; lobes (2 or)3–5, valvate. Stamens 2–40 (often 16–18 in China); filaments connate into a column (staminal column) or peltate disk (staminal disk), apex with anthers connivent or connate into disciform, globose, or elongate synandrium; anthers 2-locular, extrorse, dehiscing longitudinally, adnate to column abaxially, or free. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-locular, anatropous ovule 1, inserted near base; style short or lacking; stigma 2- lobed or lobes connate into a disk, with 2 fissures or with lacerate margin. Fruit with pericarp leathery-fleshy, or near woody, dehis- cent into 2 valves. Seed 1, large, arillate; aril fleshy, entire or shallowly or deeply lacerate; testa of 3 or 4 layers, outer layer crustose, middle layer often woody and rather thick, inner layer membranous; endosperm often with volatile oil, ruminate or wrinkled, con- taining fat (mainly 14C fatty acid) and little amylum; embryo near base. Pollen often with slender reticulate pattern. x = 9, 21, 25. About 20 genera and ca. 500 species: tropical Asia to Pacific islands, also in Africa and tropical America; three genera and 11 species (one introduced) in China.
    [Show full text]