DOCSLIB.ORG

Reflections on Environmental Migration As a Global Environmental Problem in Southeast Asia and the Middle East

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reflections on Environmental Migration As a Global Environmental Problem in Southeast Asia and the Middle East T.C. NECMETTIN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOCIAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFLECTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION AS A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST MOHAMADAN ADTOG ABDULKASAN M.A. THESIS SUPERVISORS: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. ESRA BANU SİPAHİ PROFESSOR DR. ÖNDER KUTLU KONYA-2020 i ve Prof. Dr. Önder KUTLU ii T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ETHICS Name and Surname MOHAMADAN ADTOG ABDULKASAN Student Number 16810401002 Department Political Science and Public Administration Master’s degree x Study Programme Student Ph.D. REFLECTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION AS A Title of Thesis GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that as required by these rules, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this study. MOHAMADAN ADTOG ABDULKASAN Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fak. A1-Blok 42090 Meram Yeni Yol /Meram /KONYA Tel: 0 332 201 0060 Faks: 0 332 201 0065 Web: www.konya.edu.tr E-posta: [email protected] iii T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ÖZET Adı Soyadı MOHAMADAN ADTOG ABDULKASAN Numarası 16810401002 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Tezli Yüksek Lisans X Programı Doktora Doç. Dr. Esra Banu SİPAHİ Tez Danışmanı Öğrencinin Prof. Dr. Önder KUTLU KÜRESEL BİR ÇEVRE SORUNU OLARAK ÇEVRESEL GÖÇÜN Tezin Adı GÜNEYDOĞU ASYA VE ORTADOĞUDAKİ İZDÜŞÜMÜ Göç insanlık tarihi kadar eski bir olgu ve bireysel bir ikilem olarak her daim araştırmalara konu olmaktadır. Ancak çevresel kaynaklı göç oldukça yeni bir araştırma alanıdır. Çevresel göçü konu edinen bu çalışma, Orta Doğu ve Güneydoğu Asya bölgelerine ve ülkelerine odaklanmıştır, Çünkü bu bölgeler, çevresel felaketler karşısında en hassas ve göç potansiyeli açısından en kırılgan bölgeler olarak görülmektedir. Dört ana bölümden oluşan çalışmanın İlk bölümünde, küresel çevre sorunları ve buna bağlı göç kavramsal ve hukuksal olarak ele alınmıştır. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümlerde sırasıyla Güneydoğu Asya ve Ortadoğu ülkelerindeki çevresel kaynaklı göç nedenleri, göç verileri ve nüfus hareketini hızlandıracak risk faktörleri analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde de Orta Doğu ve Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerindeki çevresel göçlerin, küresel, uluslararası ve ulusal düzeylerde hangi araçlarla yönlendirilebileceği, risk azaltma ve uyum stratejilerinin neler olduğu, özellikle iklim değişikliğine ilişkin politikalar ve afet yönetimi bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çevresel Göç, Göç, Güneydoğu Asya, Orta Doğu, İklim Değişikliği, Etki Azaltma ve Uyum, Afet Yönetimi Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fak. A1-Blok 42090 Meram Yeni Yol /Meram /KONYA Tel: 0 332 201 0060 Faks: 0 332 201 0065 Web: www.konya.edu.tr E-posta: [email protected] iv T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ABSTRACT Name and Surname MOHAMADAN ADTOG ABDULKASAN Student Number 16810401002 Department Political Science and Public Administration s Master’s degree (M.A.) X ’ Study Programme Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) Associate Professor Dr. Esra Banu SİPAHİ Author Supervisors Professor Dr. Önder KUTLU REFLECTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION AS A Title of the Thesis / GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Dissertation AND THE MIDDLE EAST Migration has always been the subject of research as a phenomenon and a distinct predicament as old as human history. However, at this time and date, environmental migration is a relatively new area of research. This study focused on environmental migration in the regions of the Middle East and Southeast Asia and its countries since they are seen as the most vulnerable and exposed with the eventuality of migration in the face of environmental disasters. The study is comprised of four main sections. Global environmental problems and migration-related concepts are elaborated in the first chapter of this research. In the second and third chapters, on the one hand, the problems and risks of both regions and its countries concerning environmental migration were analyzed. The mitigation and adaptation strategies adapted in the international and national levels across the Middle East and Southeast Asia were deliberated in place of curbing the effects of climate change which in the long run incites migration. Disaster management initiatives were, on the one hand, expounded based on the regional and national frameworks of countries of both regions that aim to reduce, to lessen and to prevent any damages to human security, economy and the environment. As for environmental migration, it is a necessary tool to manage the number of population displacements because of natural disasters. Keywords: Environmental Migration, Migration, Environmental displacement Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptation Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fak. A1-Blok 42090 Meram Yeni Yol /Meram /KONYA Tel: 0 332 201 0060 Faks: 0 332 201 0065 Web: www.konya.edu.tr E-posta: [email protected] v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. All the praises and credits be to Allah for the wisdom He bestowed upon me for the successful completion of this research conduct. To my family and friends back home, despite my unforeseen failings, thank you for your unrelenting support, emotionally, mentally and financially. I appreciate your faith in me, for believing that I am capable of realizing my quest of expanding my understanding of the world through my master’s degree journey in a foreign land. I would love to extend my heartfelt appreciation to my Supervisors who are behind the success of this study, Associate Professor Dr. Esra Banu Sipahi for the overflowing support, guidance and patience and to Professor Dr. Önder Kultu for the useful direction and assistance. Likewise, I would like to offer credits to my panellists Dr. Zerrin Savaşan and Dr. Belgin Uçar Kocaoğlu for the contribution you have set for the completion of this research. Of course, to the governments, local and international organizations, authors, journals, and other sources mentioned in this pursuit, all credit is given to you for the invaluable data you have imparted, for without it, I could not have afforded to elaborate, to analyze and to discuss the objectives of this research study. On a thoughtful note, if there is one thing I am so grateful of treasuring along this scholarship expedition, it would be the friendship I have secured from all walks of life. That despite differences and diversity, I have found new brothers and sisters in them. It was so pleasing meeting you Yassir, Rahmanto and Gesta, thank you for the brotherhood. To my Turkish friends, especially Emine Geçgil, who taught me the language, my truthful appreciation for your infinite tolerance and true amities. To Team Konya, Ms. Melodina Babaran and Filipino-Bangsamoro friends across Turkey, ang aking taos pusong pasasalamat sa lahat ng tulong at suporta na ipinagkaloob ninyo sa akin. Nawa’y magkita pa tayong muli sa mga susunod pang pagkakataon. Lastly, I would also like to give full acknowledgement where it is due, to the Turkish people and its Government and to Turkey Scholarship, my deepest gratitude for granting me a place to study where I genuinely have discovered my second home. Turkey, you will always have a special place in my heart! Mohamadan Adtog Abdulkasan vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Thesis Acceptance Form ............................................................................................... i Ethics ........................................................................................................................... ii Özet ............................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ....................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ vi Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................... x List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................ xii Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Review of Related Literature ....................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER I GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MIGRATION AS THE CHALLENGES OF TODAY 1.1. Migration ............................................................................................................ 12 1.1.2. Economic Migration in Rural-Urban and International Settings .............. 17 1.1.3. Political Migration .................................................................................... 19 1.1.4. Social
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sustainable Mediterranean, Issue No 78
    ISSUE 78 Sustainable Mediterranean MEDITERRANEE DURABLE I BIΩΣIMH MEΣOΓEIOΣ I MEDITERRANEO SOSTENIBLE I Climate Change: The rapidly increasing challenge for the Mediterranean 1 SUSTAINABLE MEDITERRANEAN | ISSUE 78 Guest Editor’s Corner As dawn rose over snow-covered Kyoto, (Japan) degree of risk of overstepping the 1.5°C limit – a 2100 – with the ‘collapse of civilisation as we actions - casting a shadow of doubt on prospects sleep-deprived delegates, observers and my fel- level which would limit the risk of giving certain know it’ foreseen some time before that. for a successful COP 26 outcome. low journalists cheered and clapped as the fi- Earth tipping points an additional push. Needed nal all-night session of the UN Framework Con- emission cuts will not only require a decarboni- The UK-hosted ‘live’ COP 26 in Glasgow this No- If urgent comprehensive global action is essen- vention on Climate Change’s COP3 (December sation revolution - by phasing out fossil energy vember (with doubts persisting whether the UK tial, so by definition are its components - region- 1997) adopted the text of the Kyoto Protocol. The – but at the same time maximising efficiency and health situation and/or vaccination shortfalls in al and national action. world’s then leading emitter, the USA (now over- sufficiency, achieving climate-friendly behaviours developing countries will force postponement) is taken by China), refused to ratify. However it came and diets as well as nature-friendly carbon re- billed as ‘the last chance’ to keep the 1.5°C pos- So thank you, Prof. Scoullos, for this timely pub- into force in 2005 mandating modest greenhouse moval through afforestation and land use change sibility open – if total emission reduction com- lication to mobilise Mediterranean citizens and gas emission cuts by 37 industrialised nations while assuring the safe operation of Earth sys- mitments on the table there suffice to deliver the governments and for honouring me with the priv- between 2008 and 2012, subsequently extended tems.
    [Show full text]
  • Eco-Innovation in Cyprus
    Eco-innovation in Cyprus EIO Country Profile 2018-2019 Eco-Innovation Observatory The Eco-Innovation Observatory functions as a platform for the structured collection and analysis of an extensive range of eco-innovation and circular economy information, gathered from across the European Union and key economic regions around the globe, providing a much-needed integrated information source on eco-innovation for companies and innovation service providers, as well as providing a solid decision-making basis for policy development. The Observatory approaches eco-innovation as a persuasive phenomenon present in all economic sectors and therefore relevant for all types of innovation, defining eco-innovation as: “Eco-innovation is any innovation that reduces the use of natural resources and decreases the release of harmful substances across the whole life-cycle”. To find out more, visit www.eco-innovation.eu and ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap Any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission. 1 Eco-Innovation Observatory Country Profile 2018-2019: Cyprus Author: Andreas Mitsios (Deloitte Développement Durable) Coordinator of the work package: Technopolis Group Belgium 1 Acknowledgments This document was prepared with significant support from: • Elina Lugbull (Deloitte Sustainability); • Fabio Matagnino (The Cyprus Institute), Anthi Charalambous (OEB). A note to Readers Any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Union. A number of companies are presented as illustrative examples of eco-innovation in this report. The EIO does not endorse these companies and is not an exhaustive source of information on innovation at the company level.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in Cyprus
    Pan-European Symposium on Water and Sanitation Safety Planning and Extreme Weather Events Adaptation of Water to Climate Change in Cyprus Dr. Kyriaki Ioannou Water Development Department Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment 6-7 April, 2017 Bilthoven, The Netherlands The Climate is changing… Due to: ** natural causes: Variations of solar radiation Volcanic eruptions Reflection of solar heat from earth And ** anthropogenic: increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that bind heat Causing Various and significant impact in key economic sectors and vulnerable social groups The increase of temperature on the planet by 2100 in comparison with the temperatures of 1990, according to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change of the United Nations (IPCC) will be approximately between +1.4°C and +5.8°C The 25 hotspots. The hotspot expanses comprise 30-3% of the red areas Source: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities (Myers et al., 2000) Climate Change in Cyprus The change is already evident mainly by the ….mean annual temperature increase The average annual temperature in the period 1991-2007 Is 0.5οC higher than that of the 1961-1990 period . ….mean annual rainfall decrease The average annual rainfall in the period 1991-2008 is 9% lower than that of the 1961-1990 period Source : CYPADAPT 2012 Climate Change in Cyprus According to the above rates it is expected that by 2050…. • The average annual rainfall will decrease by 10-15% • The average annual temperature will increase by 1.0 - 1.5οC • Extreme weather
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region
    Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series 2010 Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha The Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series is a medium for sharing recent research commissioned to inform the Arab Human Development Report, and fur- ther research in the field of human development. The AHDR Research Paper Series is a quick-disseminating, informal publication whose titles could subsequently be revised for publication as articles in professional journals or chapters in books. The authors include leading academics and practitioners from the Arab countries and around the world. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are strictly those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNDP or United Nations Member States. The present paper was authored by Balgis Osman Elasha. * * * Balgis Osman-Elasha is a Climate Change Adaptation Expert at the African Development Bank. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree (with Honours) and a Doctorate in Forestry Science, and a Master’s Degree in Environmental Science. She has extensive experience in climate change research, with a focus on the human dimensions of global environmental change (GEC) and sustainable development. She is a winner of the UNEP Champions of the Earth award, 2008, and a member of the IPCC Lead Authors Nobel Peace Prize winners in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Food Security and the Potentials to Develop Spatially Informed Food Policies in Bangladesh
    Earth Syst Environ (2017) 1:19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-017-0021-y REVIEW ARTICLE A Review of Food Security and the Potentials to Develop Spatially Informed Food Policies in Bangladesh 1,2 1 Iffat Ara • Bertram Ostendorf Received: 30 June 2017 / Accepted: 24 October 2017 / Published online: 8 November 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing AG 2017 Abstract Keywords Bangladesh Á Food security Á Food availability Á Background Food security globally depends primarily on Food access Á Food utilization Á Climate change Á Policy three components: food availability, food access, and food utilization. Regional variations of these components may affect food security via spatial differences in natural, social 1 Introduction or economic conditions and the interaction of these in a complex environmental system. Food security is a complex and important global issue that is Purpose It is important to understand the regional varia- affected by environmental system and human actions tion of food security, particularly where and under what (Simelton et al. 2012;TiwariandJoshi2012). Many natural natural and socio-economic circumstances people become variables, including climate change, may influence food vulnerable to low food security in a country. production, while socio-economic variables are mostly Methods This article provides an overview of food security responsible for food access in a country (Burke and Lobell in Bangladesh in terms of the three main components, 2010; Harvey and Pilgrim 2011). One most recent estimate identifies knowledge gaps in present food security research, identifies about 795 million undernourished people in the reviews possible impacts of climate change on food secu- world, with one-third of these people living in South Asia, rity, and sourced a wide range of spatio-temporal data including Bangladesh (FAO 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Climate Change on European Islands
    FIVE CASE STUDIES ON THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EUROPEAN ISLANDS Annex II to the Final Report ‘IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ALL EUROPEAN ISLANDS’ Prepared by: Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) 11 Belgrave Road IEEP Offices, Floor 3 London SW1V 1RB and 55 Quai au Foin / Hooikaai 55 1000 Brussels, Belgium 31 October 2013 Disclaimer: The arguments expressed in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinion of any other party. The report should be cited as follows: Sauter, R., ten Brink, P., Withana, S., Mazza, L., Pondichie, F., Lopes, A., Clinton, J, Bego K. (2013) Five case studies on the impacts of climate change on European islands, Annex II to the final report ‘Impacts of climate change on all European islands’ by the Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) for the Greens/EFA of the European Parliament. Draft Final Report. Brussels. 2013. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank all experts that were available for an interview for this study. Institute for European Environmental Policy London Office 11 Belgrave Road IEEP Offices, Floor 3 London SW1V 1RB Tel: +44 (0) 20 7799 2244 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7799 2600 Brussels Office Quai au Foin, 55 Hooikaai 55 B- 1000 Brussels Tel: +32 (0) 2738 7482 Fax: +32 (0) 2732 4004 The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is an independent not-for-profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. For further information see our website: http://www.ieep.eu. Contents 1 MACARONESIA ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Climate Finance Flows in the Agricultural Sector
    www.oeko.de Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Felix Fallasch, Anne Siemons (Öko-Institut) November 2020 Disclaimer: This background paper was written as part of the REFOPLAN research project “Ambitious GHG mitigation in the agricultural sector: Analysis of sustainable potential in selected focus countries” (Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Project No. 3720415040) supervised by the German Environment Agency. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the German Government. Contact: Felix Fallasch Anne Siemons Researcher Senior Researcher Energy & Climate Energy & Climate Phone: +49 30 405085 317 Phone: +49 761 45295 290 [email protected] [email protected] Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Table of Contents 1 Introduction and goal of the paper 3 2 Overview of sources and flows of finance for mitigation and adaptation in agriculture 3 2.1 Total global investments 4 2.2 Climate finance provided to developing countries 5 2.2.1 Bilateral flows 5 2.2.2 Financing through multilateral organisations 9 2.2.2.1 Institutions under the UNFCCC 9 2.2.2.2 Programmes of the World Bank 14 2.2.2.3 The GEF 16 2.2.2.4 Programmes of the FAO 17 2.2.3 Other multilateral activities 17 2.2.4 Financing through multilateral development banks (MDBs) 21 3 Conclusions 22 4 References 23 Annex 1: Indicative list of GCF Projects that operate in the agriculture sector 25 2 Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector 1 Introduction and goal of the paper Achieving the socio-economic transformation towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the second half of this century, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, requires an unprecedented effort to realign public and private investments across all economic sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPACTS of CLIMATE CHANGE on ALL EUROPEAN ISLANDS Final
    IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ALL EUROPEAN ISLANDS Final Report Prepared by: Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) 11 Belgrave Road IEEP Offices, Floor 3 London SW1V 1RB and 55 Quai au Foin / Hooikaai 55 1000 Brussels, Belgium 31 October 2013 Disclaimer: The arguments expressed in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinion of any other party. The report should be cited as follows: Sauter, R., ten Brink, P., Withana, S., Mazza, L., Pondichie, F. with contributions from Clinton, J., Lopes, A, Bego, K. (2013) Impacts of climate change on all European islands, A report by the Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) for the Greens/EFA of the European Parliament. Final Report. Brussels. 2013. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank all experts that were available for an interview for this study. Institute for European Environmental Policy London Office 11 Belgrave Road IEEP Offices, Floor 3 London SW1V 1RB Tel: +44 (0) 20 7799 2244 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7799 2600 Brussels Office Quai au Foin, 55 Hooikaai 55 B- 1000 Brussels Tel: +32 (0) 2738 7482 Fax: +32 (0) 2732 4004 The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is an independent not-for-profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and dissemination. For further information see our website: http://www.ieep.eu. Contents KEY MESSAGES ..................................................................................................................... II 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Rationale for this study ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 European islands: definitions and classifications .................................................. 2 1.3 Methodological approach and structure of this report ......................................... 4 2 OVERVIEW OF KEY CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED RISKS FACING EUROPEAN ISLANDS ..
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq's Water Woes
    Iraq’s Water Woes: Present and Future Challenges to Scarcity and Abundance October 2020 Marcus Arcanjo Introduction Sustainable peace in Iraq has long been a challenge. Despite recent successes in local communities––such as the military wins against ISIS––a number of socio-economic, political, and environmental challenges remain. Climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity have been agreed upon by experts to be multipliers of existing threats rather than direct causes of conflict and disruptions to peace. This paper explores the role of water and the vulnerability to environmental issues, including climate change, in Iraq. It studies the history of water insecurity in Iraq and how it can exacerbate existing fragilities and hostilities. The inability to access basic resources combined with a troublesome political environment fuels the potential for conflict as livelihoods are lost and a lack of adaptive capacity causes heightened community tensions. Equally, this paper seeks to explain the paradoxical situation in this country in terms of a lack of water for consumption, hygiene, and agriculture but an abundance of flooding in the Southern regions resulting from climate change–related sea level rise. Lastly, potential pathways forward are discussed. History of Water Challenges Water flow from the Euphrates and Tigris, rivers that supply up to 98 per cent of Iraq’s water, has decreased by 30 percent in the last four decades.1 A 2018 report by the Iraq Energy Institute acknowledges the reductions in water flow coming from dam construction in neighboring countries, increased water use by the oil industry, and the destruction of infrastructure resulting from war.2 Turkey and Syria, upstream neighbours, developed large infrastructure projects such as canals and dams that hinder the flow of water downstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile CYPRUS
    LG Action - Country Profile Collection CYPRUS This document reflects the current status on: • Government levels and departments responsible for / working with local governments (LGs). • Main national climate and energy relevant legislation and strategies that impact / has potential to impact cities and towns (also identifying what is legally not possible or difficult)., • National LG networks / associations’ support for local climate and energy action • Potential opportunities to be explored to improve the roll-out of local climate and energy action • A summary on the LG and their networks / associations’ interest and involvement in the Roadmap and advocacy processes. A. CONTEXT 1. Levels of government and roles: Basic inter-relationship and impact (potential impact for action) Level: Character: Mandates / responsibilities / roles: National Presidential Republic 1,102,677 inhabitants (2010) (incl North) Island country 9,251 km 2 ) (includes the North) 6 districts The District Commissioner is the head of Districts authorities competences are the District and chief coordinator for the related to the Ministry of Interior activities of all Ministries in the District. activities. More than 350 The Council of the Community is elected The communities represent the national communities by the community population for a five- government link between the year mandate. It represents the administrative activities and all the legislative body and is composed of a technical work with the districts. President, Vice President and three other members, also elected for five years. 33 municipalities There are two different types of local Main responsibilities of municipalities: authorities in Cyprus: which are • 7 municipalities - construction, maintenance and governed by separate laws - have signed up to lighting of streets, municipalities (in urban and tourist the Covenant of 2 - collection, disposal & treatment of 1 areas) and communities (in rural areas).
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change in Cyprus: Projections from Regional Climate Model Simulations
    Climate change in Cyprus: projections from regional climate model simulations Panos Hadjinicolaou National Workshop “Building capacities to cope with health impacts of climate change” Cyprus, 1st September, 2009 Outline Climate change basics Climate modelling Projections for Eastern Mediterranean Extremes over Cyprus Other atmospheric hazards linked to climate change Conclusions Εnergy balance: Equilibrium Εnergy balance: Equilibrium Green-house effect Εnergy balance: Perturbation Green-house effect Climate model evolution Dynamical Downscaling: land mask ~ global-scale model (GCM) regional-scale model (RCM) Better representation of coastlines and islands Dynamical Downscaling: detail GCM RCM CIMME project in CyI Climate Change Impacts in the East. Mediterranean/Middle East Funded by CyI International collaboration Cyprus, neighbouring countries and beyond Topical reports Leader: Prof. Jos Lelieveld, Coordinator: Dr Elena Xoplaki CIMME Topical Reports Climate Assessment (Climate data collection, Climate projections-dynamical/statistical downscaling) Energy (Electricity demand, wind potential) Water (Regional water balances, weather modification) Air Quality (natural/anthropogenic effects) Health (Heat related mortality) PRECIS CIMME East. Med. Mid. East domain 25 x 25 km A1B PRECIS CIMME small country domain Country features PRECIS grid-boxesPRECIS Real 2 2 Area 13 8125 km 9251 km Coastline 11 450 km 648 km Max. W-E 6 150 km 224 km Max. N-S 3 75 km 97 km PRECIS Tmax JJA 1980‐1999 ΔTmax JJA 2000‐2019 ΔTmax JJA 2040‐2059 ΔTmax 2080‐2099
    [Show full text]
  • Intercap Report on Migration, Sustainability and Development
    REPORT ON MIGRATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION: Cases of Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, United Kingdom www.developtogether.eu REPORT ON MIGRATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION: Cases of Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, United Kingdom Activity 1.1.1: Audit on migration, sustainability and development education Prepared in May 2018 © 2018 Diversity Development Group All rights reserved. Licensed to the European Union under conditions Compiled by Diversity Development Group; contact persons: dr. Karolis Zibas, [email protected], +370 615 14401; Akvilė Kriščiūnaitė, [email protected], +370 614 04595 1 www.developtogether.eu Contents About the project ................................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary of the audit report for stakeholders and decision makers ...................... 4 Eu audit on migration, sustainability and development education ....................................... 17 Austrian national report on migration, sustainability and development education ....... 44 Bulgarian national report on migration, sustainability and development education ..... 73 Croatian national report on migration, sustainability and development education ....... 97 Cyprus national report on migration, sustainability and development education ....... 125 German national report on migration, sustainability
    [Show full text]