Policy Directions for Establishing a Metropolitan Transport Authority For
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CPB Corporate Partnership Board Policy Directions for Establishing a Metropolitan Transport Authority for Korea’s Capital Region Case-Specific Policy Analysis Policy Directions for Establishing a Metropolitan Transport Authority for Korea’s Capital Region Case-Specific Policy Analysis The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 59 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is politically autonomous and administratively integrated with the OECD. The ITF works for transport policies that improve peoples’ lives. Our mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF organises global dialogue for better transport. We act as a platform for discussion and pre-negotiation of policy issues across all transport modes. We analyse trends, share knowledge and promote exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society. The ITF’s Annual Summit is the world’s largest gathering of transport ministers and the leading global platform for dialogue on transport policy. The Members of the ITF are: Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. International Transport Forum 2, rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 [email protected] www.itf-oecd.org Case-Specific Policy Analysis Reports The ITF’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series presents topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the ITF. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of ITF or OECD member countries. Cite as: ITF (2018), Policy Directions for Establishing a Metropolitan Transport Authority for Korea’s Capital Region. OECD Publishing, Paris. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 3 Acknowledgements This report was written by Aimée Aguilar Jaber (project lead), Joshua Paternina Blanco, and Tatiana Samsonova. The research was funded by Korea’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). The authors wish to thank the following officials from MOLIT and the Korean Transport Institute (KOTI) for their support in providing background information on the case of Korea’s capital area: Sukwhan Ahn(Director), Wook Kang(Team Manager), and Hwaseung Yang(Deputy Director) of Transport policy coordination division (MOLIT); Changhwan Mo, Senior Research Fellow (KOTI); and Youngkook Kim (Visiting Fellow at ITF). The project team is also grateful for the support of officials, experts and policy-makers who contributed to the development of the Paris, London and Barcelona case studies as well as to the analysis of experience in other countries: Lluís Alegre (Technical Director, Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, Barcelona); Laurence Debrincat (Director for Forecasting and Analysis, Île-de-France Mobilités); Benoît Denis (Independent Legal Adviser); Morgan Dye (Principal City Planner, Transport for London); Jaume Garcia (Head of the Legal Advice Services, Autoritat del Transport Metropolità, Barcelona); Thomas Hinterkipf (Team Leader for Cooperation in the Tariff Department, Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart - VVS), Krista Huhtala-Jenks (former ministerial adviser for digital services and Mobility as a Service, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finland); Stéphane Lecler (Deputy Director for Urban Planning, City of Paris); Tuomas Kaivola (Senior Officer at the Data Business Unit, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finland); Maria Kamargianni (Head of the Urban Transport and Energy Lab, Energy Institute, University College London); Richard McGreevy (Policy Manager, Transport for London); Frederic Lloveras Minguell (Engineer and Senior Consultant, Mcrit); Måns Lönnroth (Former State Secretary, Swedish government; Current consultant, Volvo Research and Educational Foundations); Jean-Christophe Monnet (Director for Passenger and Territorial Relations, Île-de-France Mobilités); Maria Rautavirta (Senior Engineer, Deputy Head of the Data Business Unit, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finland); and Xavier Tiana Casablanca ( Head of International Relations, Barcelona Metropolitan Area). The report benefitted from helpful comments and technical support by Lorenzo Casullo, Dejan Makovsek and Dimitrios Papaioannou at the ITF. Stephen Perkins, Head of Research and Policy Analysis of the ITF provided valuable guidance for the project. POLICY DIRECTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING A METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT AUTHORITY FOR KOREA’S CAPITAL REGION— © OECD/ITF 2018 4 – TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 6 Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1. Introduction and background ................................................................................................. 15 Limited metropolitan governance of transport in Sudogwon .................................................................... 16 The Metropolitan Transport Association and the shift towards establishing the Metropolitan Transport Authority .................................................................................................................................................... 16 References .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2. Setting up a Metropolitan Transport Authority ................................................................... 19 Paris: Progressive evolution to a regional-scale authority ......................................................................... 19 London: Setting up a transport authority within a wider metropolitan government structure ................... 25 Barcelona: Reaching a two-institution arrangement .................................................................................. 30 Notes .......................................................................................................................................................... 34 References .................................................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 3. The MTAs and the wider governance framework ................................................................ 38 The MTAs in the broader institutional configuration ................................................................................ 38 Governance structure and decision making within the MTAs ................................................................... 46 Scope of competence over transport policy areas in relation to other actors ............................................. 49 Geographical coverage and transport co-ordination for the urban core and commuting zone .................. 64 Notes .......................................................................................................................................................... 70 References .................................................................................................................................................. 71 Chapter 4. Key elements for effective action ............................................................................................ 76 Securing financial and technical capacity .................................................................................................. 76 Carrying out strategic level and integrated planning ................................................................................. 83 Notes .......................................................................................................................................................... 90 References .................................................................................................................................................. 91 Chapter 5. Delivering bus services at metropolitan scale ........................................................................ 93 General model ............................................................................................................................................ 93 Bus network planning ................................................................................................................................ 97 Concession process and contract types .....................................................................................................