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RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BOOK RUSYA & TÜRKİYE ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA İKİLİ İLİŞKİLER ULUSLARARASI KONFERANS KİTABI Edited By / Yayına Hazırlayanlar Alexander Polunov Mustafa Tanrıverdi RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BOOK RUSYA & TÜRKİYE ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA İKİLİ İLİŞKİLER ULUSLARARASI KONFERANS KİTABI Edited By / Yayına Hazırlayanlar: Alexander Polunov Mustafa Tanrıverdi RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BOOK Lomonosov Moscow State University and Istanbul University 19-20 October 2018 – Moscow RUSYA & TÜRKİYE ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA İKİLİ İLİŞKİLER ULUSLARARASI KONFERANS KİTABI Lomonosov Moskova Devlet Üniversitesi ve İstanbul Üniversitesi 19-20 Ekim 2018 – Moskova Türk Dünyası Belediyeler Birliği (TDBB) Yayınları, No: 29 ISBN 978-605-2334-07-2 Edited By / Yayına Hazırlayanlar: Alexander Polunov Mustafa Tanrıverdi Tasarım Murat Arslan Baskı İmak Ofset (Sertifika No: 45523) İstanbul, 2020 Merkez Efendi Mah. Merkez Efendi Konağı No: 29 Zeytinburnu 34015 İstanbul Tel + (212) 547 12 00 www.tdbb.org.tr / [email protected] CONTENTS / İÇİNDEKİLER Oleg Airapetov SERBO-BULGARIAN WAR IN 1885 AND THE PROBLEM OF RUSSO-TURKISH RELATIONSHIP ........................................................ 13 Hayri Çapraz TURKISH STRAITS IN TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS (FROM THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE WORLD WAR I) .. 33 Burak Kolot GENERAL EVALUATION OF 1903 WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF RUSSIAN RESOURSES AND THE CRISES IN TURKISH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS .................... 63 Olga Aganson “LOCAL AND INIMPORTANT, THE MACRDONIAN QUESTION BECAME THE CHIEF CENTRE OF DIPLOMATIC INTEREST”: GREAT POWERS’ POLITICS AND DESTINIES OF EUROPEAN TURKEY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY ............................................. 89 Mustafa Tanrıverdi TURKISH DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN SAINT PETERSBURG DURING THE EMPIRE ............................................................................... 103 Alexander Polunov IN SEARCH OF BYSANTIUM: RUSSIAN CHURCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR ....................................................... 113 Mahir Aydın POLITICAL TRAUMAS OF TURKEY AND RUSSIA CAUSED BY BRITAIN ........................................................................................................ 119 Namık Sinan Turan XIX. YÜZYILDA RUS ŞARKİYATÇILIĞIN BİR DALI OLARAK TÜRKOLOJİNİN GELİŞİMİ .................................................................... 125 Mehmet Perinçek THE STATEMENTS OF THE WHITE ARMY OFFICERS: TURKEY ON THE ARCHIVE OF FEDERAL SECURITY SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION .......................................................... 183 Alexander Konkov RUSSIAN-TURKISH DIALOGUE FOR THE REGIONAL SECURITY .. 193 Şamil Mutlu 19. YÜZYIL SONLARINDA TÜRK TOPRAKLARI ÜZERINDE RUS KÜLTÜREL FAALİYETLERİ VE REKABET ............................................. 201 İlyas Topsakal Turkey-Russıa relatıons: HARMONY OF Natıonal ınterests ................................................................................................. 209 RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 5 Scholarly Yearning Respected academicians from Turkey and Russia gathered in Moscow on the 19th and 20th of October, 2018. The gathering, though organized by Istanbul University and Moscow Lomonosov University, was not limited to each respective university but rather garnered broad nationwide Turkish and Russian attendance on the part of noteworthy participants. The theme of the gathering “Turkey and Russia: Bilateral relations in International Context” fostered discussion of each country’s respective national issues in the context of bilateral relations. Particpants, many of whom brought decades of knowledge and experience to the table, evaluated said issues for the first time from this bilateral perspective. Turkish-Russian relations go beyond the standard neighborly relations enjoyed by most countries. With over 500 years of history, Turkish-Russian relations are unique in several aspects. There is no example of bilateral relations that have the save level of longevity, multi-facetedness and deep impact. For centuries, nearly every issue has been jointly contemplated, executed and experienced. The only thing missing has been academic interaction; and with this gathering, that process has begun. This beginning has been made possible with the contributions of many valuable academicians. Without doubt any scholarly contribution however small can not be discounted, but the responsibility for forming a bridgehead fell on the shoulders of three academicians in particular. I would especially like to thank Prof. Dr. Alexander Polunov, Assistant Dean of Public Administration at Moscow State University. In addition to hosting this symposium, he has contributed greatly to the production of this publication by reviewing and evaluating portions of its content. 6 RUSYA & TÜRKİYE ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA İKİLİ İLİŞKİLER Also worthy of special thanks are Assoc. Prof. Oleg Airapetov who stole our hearts three years ago in Istanbul during the Symposium; “Battle of Canakkale: 100th Anniversary”; as well as Assist. Prof. Mustafa Tanriverdi who has made Russian his second mother language and encouraged our efforts with the heartfelt connection he has established to Russia. They are the nameless heroes of this symposium. I would like to thank first them, and then all the noteworthy participants of this gathering. Separately, I would like to thank the “Union of Turkish World Municipalities (TDBB)” for providing us with financial support. An important duty of universities is to enlighten the path of their counties with the light of knowledge without becoming a tool of politics. Every branch of knowledge has a unique role in fulfilling this duty. Nevertheless, the greatest duty falls to the branch of History; the “repository of earned knowledge.” As neighbors, the total period of time we have engaged in war has exceeded 230 years. But it is peace that has a lasting impact, not war; because waging war, even when ultimately victorious, depletes a country’s resources. Russia experienced this during the war of 1877-1878. Naturally every country will protect its own respective interests. Turkey and Russia experienced a golden age of mutual interests in the 1930s. As we know, the Stone Age did not end because the world ran out of stones. The era of warfare is long past. Turkey and Russia are at the forefront of two “Cultural Oceans” comprised of Turkic and Slavic peoples. In this respect, Turkey and Russia have tremenodus duties and responsibilities. I have complete faith that this large and mutually-desired gathering, established on a scholarly platform, will open new RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 7 doors for both countries. Enmity, a product of emotion, or single- minded self-interest are a thing of the past in the globalized world. Being neighbors is an important advantage. If this advantage is not utilized, it becomes a disadvantage. A “ cold wind” will blow between such neighbors. Within the context of neighborly relations, this would mean one neighbor is deceiving the other, or both are deceiving themselves. During the Cold War period, prior to 1990, residents of NATO countries would ask us, “How are you able to sleep at night, located within close proximity of the USSR?” I would respond, on my own behalf, “We are neighbors” The only thing separating two neighbors is “a step” One step in either direction. A Russian proverb summarizes the outcome of 400 years, “Moscow was not established instantly” Similarly, we should appreciate that Turkish-Russian relations were not established instantly. Respectfully, Prof. Dr. Mahir Aydin Istanbul University, Director of the Center for Historical Research RUSSIA & TURKEY BILATERAL RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 9 Bilimsel Özlem Türkiye ve Rusya’nın değerli akademisyenleri, 19-20 Ekim 2018 tarihlerinde Moskova’da bir araya geldi. Bu konudaki öncülüğü, İstanbul Üniversitesi ile Moskova Lomonosov Üniversitesi yaptı. Ancak seçkin katılımcılar, iki üniversite ile sınırlı değil, iki ülke kapsamında oldu. Bu buluşmanın ortak paydasını, “Türkiye ve Rusya: Uluslararası Bağlamda İkili İlişkiler” başlığı oluşturdu. Her iki ülkenin yakın dönem konularına, karşılıklı ilişki üzerinden yaklaşıldı. Katılımcıların onlarca yıllık bilgi birikimi ile konular, ilk kez bu boyutta ele alındı. Türkiye ile Rusya komşuluğu, “sıradan” bir komşuluk değildir. 500 yılı aşan bu komşuluk, birkaç bakımdan yeryüzünün tek örneğidir. Çünkü tarih boyunca, hiçbir komşuluk bu kadar; uzun süreli, çok konulu ve derinden etkileyici olmamıştır. Yüzyıllar boyunca, neredeyse her şey; karşılıklı olarak düşünüldü, uygulandı ve duyumsandı. Geriye bir tek, “bilimsel paylaşım” kalmıştı. Böylece o süreç de, başlamış oldu. Bu başlangıç, çok değerli akademisyenlerin özverili çabası ile gerçekleşti. Elbette bilimsel katkılar yadsınamaz. Ancak “köprü- başı” olmanın büyük sorumluluğu, üç akademisyenin omuzlarına yüklendi. Bu konuda özel teşekkürüm, Moskova Devlet Üniversitesi Kamu Yönetimi Fakültesi dekan yardımcısı, Prof. Dr. Alexander Polunov içindir. Çünkü kendisi, sempozyuma ev sahipliği yaptığı gibi, bu yayının ortaya çıkış sürecinde, yazıların bir kısmını okuyup değerlendirerek, büyük emek verdi. Yine, kendisi ile üç yıl önce İstanbul’daki, “100. Yılında Çanakkale Savaşı” sempozyumunda tanıştığımız ve ayrılırken kalbimizi de götüren, Moskova
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