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Home , Celtis laevigata, Pinus echinata, Pinus taeda, Quercus muehlenbergii, Sassafras albidum

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Chris Stuhlinger Certified Arborist

Fall 2019 Many Thanks To . . .

Tracy Cook, Curator I Niki Sothers, Director of Horticulture

[email protected] My Background

. Grew up in Huntsville . Auburn/LSU – Forest Management/Forestry . Worked in Louisiana, Maryland, and . Certified Arborist since 2000 . Moved back to Huntsville Fall 2018 . Currently volunteer at HBG . Disclaimer: I reserve the right to say “I don’t know” Class Overview . This class will meet Sundays for 6 weeks . Brief classroom sessions, mostly walking outside (unless bad weather) . Goal – learn terminology, key identifying characteristics (similarities and differences) . Some very easy to identify, others more difficult - Identify trees to genus level

Class Overview

. Why ID trees? – selection, care, diagnosis, or simply impress your friends . 65 common trees you will see in the (and landscape) around Huntsville. . Mostly native species, plus 4 non-native species . How to tell similar species apart . Quiz trees – repetition Native Tree Identification Fall 2019 Huntsville Botanical Garden

Tree # Common name Genus/Species Tree # Common name Genus/Species

1 Red maple 43 Eastern redbud Cercis canadensis 2 Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba* 44 American beech 3 Willow Quercus phellos 45 Sugarberry laevigata 4 Sugar maple 46 American sycamore Platanus occidentalis 5 White oak 47 Fringetree Chionanthus virginicus I 6 Tulip poplar tulipifera 48 Mockernut 7 Eastern redcedar 49 American hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana 8 Shumard oak Quercus shumardii 50 Possumhaw Ilex decidua 9 Sweetbay magnolia Magnolia virginiana 51 American holly Ilex opaca 52 Pawpaw Asimina triloba 10 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum 53 Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea 11 Chinese pistache Pistachia chinensis* 54 Buckeye Aesculus spp. 12 Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor 55 Devil’s walkingstick Aralia spinosa 13 River birch Betula nigra 14 Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos 56 Overcup oak Quercus lyrata 15 American 57 Kentucky coffetree Gymnocladus dioicus 16 Kentucky yellowwood Cladrastis lutea 58 Osage orange Maclura pomifera 17 Littleleaf linden Tilia cordata** 59 18 Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 60 Sawtooth oak Quercus acutissima* 61 Eastern hemlock 19 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana 62 Southern catalpa Catalpa bignonioides 20 Flowering dogwood Cornus 63 American plum Prunus americana 21 Mulberry Morus spp. 64 Chestnut oak Quercus prinus 22 White Pinus strobus (montana) 23 Loblolly pine 65 Sourwood aboreum 24 Shortleaf pine 25 Southern red oak 26 Scarlet oak Non-native (*) (**Europe) 27 Winged elm 28 Post oak Quercus stellata 29 Chinkapin oak 30 Water oak Quercus nigra

31 Black willow Salix nigra 32 Pecan Carya illinoinensis 33 Black gum 34 Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica 35 Boxelder Acer negundo 36 Cucumber magnolia 37 Black walnut 38 Black cherry 39 Common hackberry 40 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 41 Bigleaf magnolia Magnolia macrophylla 42 Slippery elm Ulmus rubra

14 12 13

11

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15 16 5 17 9 6 4

1 3 2 18 7

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21 34 32 31 33 20 19 35 36 40 41 0 42 38 37

45 46 39 22 48 47

44 43 25 49 26 0 23 50 24 30 52 53 27 29 51 54 56 55 28 57

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59 60 Tree

61 Identification

62 Numbered Tree 64 Locations 63 65 Fall 2019

Huntsville Botanical Garden Trees in Alabama

. Perspective: 6,500 – 7,000 spp. of worldwide; approx. 250,000 spp. of vascular worldwide . Alabama ranks 3rd in terms of number of native species (3,189) . About 180 tree species native to Alabama Add varieties, hybrids, and exotics (100-200) Need to know 300-400 trees? . Caveat: Tree ID course is usually 6 hours per week for 30 weeks (Dendrology)

Tree o·versi y

Species

Alabama is in top 3 states for # of tree species Plant Classification

Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) Superdivision Spermatophyta ( plants) Phylum Coniferophyta () (Division) Class Pinopsida (Gymnospermae) Order (Cone-bearing) Family Genus Pinus Species taeda L. (Variety) Plant Nomenclature

. Common names – can be confusing . Scientific names - Genus species (Pinus taeda L.) . Variety – minor differences . Cultivar – cultivated variety Magnolia grandiflora ‘Little Gem’ . Hybrid – cross between 2 species Acer x freemanii (trade name AUTUMN BLAZE) Scientific vs. Common Names

Carpinus caroliniana is: American hornbeam blue beech musclewood ironwood Tree Groups

. (naked seed) vs. Angiosperms (enclosed seed) . Conifers vs. hardwoods . Needles vs. broadleaves . Evergreen vs. . Monoecious vs. dioecious . Red vs. white oaks . Simple vs. compound leaves . Alternate vs. opposite branching . Excurrent vs. decurrent growth Gymnosperms

I Naked ; usually have cones; needles Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) 3 needles per bundle Angiosperms

. Broad-leaved Hardwoods . Enclosed seeds (acorns, berries, legumes, etc.) . Opposite or alternate branching/buds . Compound or simple leaves

Identifying Characteristics

. Growing season easiest, leaves on . Leaves (simple, compound, margins, shape, fall color) . , , , twigs (pith), buds (alternate/opposite) . Tree shape and growth form, Habitat . Conifers – needle length, # needles/bundle . Hardwoods – many species, more difficult . Learn to use multiple characteristics to ID trees, and compare several features Tree Appearance

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. Color and Texture

Tree Form or Shape

© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture ID Techniques Types • Leaf: arrangement,

,, shape, size, color, .. I{ texture, odor, variability • Flowers: arrangement, • · type, size, color, timing • Bark/Twigs: thickness, type, color, texture, pattern, variability • Fruit: arrangement, type, size, color, timing • Habitat/Range: where it grows • or Form: overall shape of entire tree Image Credit: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leaf&oldid=794298107 Leaf Arrangement on the Stem

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alternate pinnate whorled bipinnate

opposite palmate

© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture Anatomy of a Leaf

Simple, entire, cordate (Eastern Redbud)

blade midrib leaf Simple, entire, elliptical-obovate (Black Tupelo)

bud

stem Simple, serrate, 3-lobed © 2001 International Society of Arboriculture (Red Maple) Compound Leaf Parts

Odd, pinnately compound,I 9-17 opposite leaflets (Pecan) leaflet

petiolule Odd, palmately compound, 5-leaflets petiole (Buckeye) bud Odd, pinnately compound, 7-9 alternate leaflets

© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture (Yellowwood) Leaf Margins

entire serrate serrulate double serrate

dentate crenate undulate lobed

© 2001 International Society of Arboriculture . Acorns . Nuts . Cones . Samaras . Pomes . Drupes . Legumes . Achenes . Berries Image Credit: Illustration by Robert O’Brien, curtesy of A&M Forest Service Fruit types: Samara

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Ulmus rubra Slippery elm Acer negundo Fraxinus pennsylvanica Boxelder Green Ash Fruit Types: Drupe

A drupe is a stone fruit, like a peach...

Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood

Nyssa sylvatica Black Tupelo Ilex opaca American Holly Fruit types: Capsule

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Liquidambar styraciflua Aesculus pavia Sweetgum Red Buckeye Fruit types: Cone

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Pinus echinata Pinus taeda Taxodium ascendens Shortleaf Pine Loblolly Pine Pond Cypress

Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar

Tsuga canadensis Canadian Hemlock Fruit types: Berries

Diospyros virginiana Asimina triloba Persimmon Pawpaw Flowers I

. Arrangement . Size . Color . Scent . Season Twigs . Arrangement . Color . Leaf Scars . Pith . Size/Width (zig-zag) . Buds 0 . Arrangement @ . Morphology Cl U,

Bark types: Ridge & Furrow

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Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak Tulip Poplar Bark types: platelet

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Pinus taeda Cornus florida Loblolly Pine Diospyros virginiana Flowering Dogwood Persimmon Bark types: Smooth

I Approximately 90% of trees can be identified by bark alone – at least to the genus level.

Prunus serotina Black Cherry Fagus grandifolia Carpinus caroliniana (juvenile) American Beech American Hornbeam Bark types: Scaly

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Prunus serotina Black Cherry Carya ovata (mature) Shagbark Hickory General Hints

. - # of needles/cluster, needle length . Opposite buds – MAD Horse horse chestnut/buckeye, catalpa . Oaks – buds crowded at end of twig . Red oak group – bristle tips, acorns 2 years . White oak group – rounded lobes, acorns 1 year . Corky ridges – sweetgum, winged elm . Green twigs – boxelder, sassafras, sweetbay magnolia . Fruits – acorns, nuts, berries, samara Tools & Resources

. Field Guides – Peterson’s, Audubon, National Wildlife Foundation, etc. . https://www.aces.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ANR- 0509_KeyToCommonNativeTrees_Lg.pdf . https://www.arborday.org/trees/whattree/ . App – Pl@ntnet – ID with a photograph . Tree Bark ID website: (www.treebarkid.com)? . Eek! Tree Key: www.dnr.wi.gov/eek/veg/treekey (for kids) . Google Images (use scientific name if possible to eliminate a lot of gibberish) . Plastic baggies (quart or gallon size) . Hand lens, binoculars or camera, knife or pruners

Next Week – October 6

. Meet in Volunteer Classroom – Old Admin Bldg. (red brick) . Park in Blue parking lot . Brief indoor session . Dichotomous key . Fall colors . Interesting nurseries . Quiz slides HBG Tree ID App

. https://hsvbg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappvi ewer/index.html?id=855e219fdaa4495a9c11083 3b695a345 References

. Kershner B., Mathews D., Nelson G., and Spellenberg R. 2008. National Wildlife Federation® Field Guide to Trees of . New York, NY: Stirling Publishing Co., Inc. . Ponder, H. and Montague, D. 1998. Ornamental Horticulture Plant Identification Manual. Auburn, AL: Speedy Printing, East University Dr., Auburn, AL. . Missouri Botanical Garden Staff. 2017. Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Retrieved from URL http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfinder search.aspx . Little E. 1980. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees, Eastern Region. New York, NY: Chanticleer Press, Inc. . Kirkman L., Brown C., and Leopold D. 2007. Native Trees of the Southeast. Portland, OR: Timber Press, Inc. . Tech Dept. of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/factsheets.cfm

QUESTIONS? I