6 X 10.Three Lines .P65

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Index

Abelard, Peter 133, 160, 174, 250–1, 275 and ductus 215, 216, 228, 239–43 Commentaria in Epistolam Pauli ad and memory 215–16, 231, 233, 239–43 Romanos 252–4 and scholasticism 20–8 Commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis arrangement (dispositio) in 36–8, 229–30 topicis 202, 251 as concept in rhetorical discourse 4, 26, 27, Easter liturgy for Paraclete 256–63 32, 190–1 Letter 5 257–8 borrows rhetorical vocabulary 4, 7, 36–7 on rhetoric 202, 251–63 compared to poetry 26, 190–1 accent see inflection Aristotle 24–5, 131 Accursius (Bolognese jurist) 125 influence of Physics and Metaphysics Ackerman, James S. 40 21–2, 24–5 acting 161–3, 166–7 on epistēmē, téchnē and empeiría 1–2 compared to oratory 10, 127, 157–8 on ethos, logos and pathos 7 masks and 158–9 Rhetoric 2, 7, 36, 127, 128 actio see delivery theory of causality 21–2, 24–5 Adam of Dryburgh (Adam Scot), De tripartite Topics 202 tabernaculo 233, 242 Arnulf of St Ghislain 65 Aelred of Rievaulx (abbot) 124, 133–5 arrangement (dispositio) De spiritali amicitia 134 and ductus 196, 199–206, 229–30, 263 agency as mapping 191–2 of audiences 2, 165–6 Geoffrey of Vinsauf on 190–2 of ductus 199–206 in architecture 36–8, 229–30 of roads 191 personified as ‘Deduccion’ 205–6 of the work itself 201–2 Quintilian on 4, 230 shared by composer and performer 88 see also consilium; ductus; maps, mapping; Agrippa (Roman emperor) 281–3 scopus Aimeric of Angoulême, Ars lectoria 130, 174 Ars amatoria (Ovid) 152 Alan of Lille, Complaint of Nature 73, 74–5 Ars lectoria (Aimeric of Angoulême) 130, 174 Alberti, Leon Battista 41 Ars lectoria (Siguinus) 175 Alcuin, Dialogus de rhetorica et virtutibus 129 Ars major (Aelius Donatus), as a model for Ambrose, St 196 Tinctoris 58–9 Apologia (St Bernard of Clairvaux) 15 Ars memorativa (Laurent Fries) 240 Aquinas, St Thomas 75, 134, 230 Ars praedicandi populo (Francesc Eiximenis) 193 on architects 25 artifex see author, authorship architects 7 artists Aquinas on 25 representations of 100–2 as teachers 28–36 social position 97, 99–102 changing perceptions of 14–28 Athenaeus 128 compared to clergy 23, 27–8 auctor see author, authorship representations of 29–32, 30 audience 139–41, 197–8, 201–2 architecture and letter writing 173–4, 179, 182

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312 Index

audience (cont.) Caesarius of Heisterbach 136 and masks 159, 163 Calboli Montefusco, Lucia 198, 207 and persuasion 4–5, 203–4 Calliopius 165 participation and agency 2, 165–6 Camille, Michael 154 readers as 96, 140 Canterbury Tales (Chaucer) 174 religious community as 236–7 Canticle of Brother Sun (St Francis of Assisi) Augustine of Hippo, St 73, 129 142–3 De doctrina Christiana 126, 142, 193, 274 Carruthers, Mary 73, 194, 256 meditation on Psalm 41 194–5, 230–1 Caviness, Madeline 234 on ductus 230–1 Chartres cathedral see ductus; processions; on music 53 windows, rose; windows, stained glass on scopus 200 Cicero, Marcus Tullius 5, 127, 230 Austin, J. L. 135 De amicitia 133, 135 author, authorship 20–4, 26–7, 76–8, 135, De inventione 199–200, 203, 251, 253 199–200, 201 De oratore 57, 195, 197 Avray, David d’ 22 on delivery 128, 199 on vultus 156–60 Bacon, Roger 3, 60 circles, signiﬁcance of 281–2 Barsby, John 166 see also windows, rose Baxandall, Michael 33, 211 Claussen, Peter Cornelius 33 Bede, Venerable, Historia Ecclesiastica 281, 300 cognition, distributed 86–8 Bene of Florence 176–82 colon see punctuation on delivery 177–82 color (rhetorical) 4, 176, 196–9, 204–5, 230, 254 on punctuation 179–82 comma see punctuation Benedictine Rule 131, 132 Commentaria in Epistolam Pauli ad Romanos Bernard of Clairvaux, St 133, 136, 250 (Peter Abelard) 252–4 Apologia 15 Complaint of Nature (Alan of Lille) 73, 74–5 Bernard of Cluny, Customary 132 composition Bettini, Maurizio 154 and delivery 175–6, 178–9 Biard, Nicolas de 22–4, 31–2, 36 and performance 76, 78 Boen, Johannes 63–5 rules of 178 Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus 7–8, 60 verbs for 203 on persona 161–3 consilium 199–200, 205 Bohun family 96–7 see also ductus Bohun, Humphrey de, seventh earl of correct (recte) and done well Hereford 99, 100–4 (bene) 26, 52, 56 Bohun, Humphrey de, sixth earl of counterpoint, musical see under music Hereford 99 curiosity (curiositas) 15, 83 Bohun, Mary de 99, 104–6 singers admonished against 75 Bolingbroke, Henry (later Henry IV, king of cursus 176, 179–82, 191 England) 99, 104 cursus, liturgical 260–2, 264 Bonaventura, St 204–5, 212, 232 Customary (Bernard of Cluny) 132 Boncompagno of Signa, Rota Veneris 182–3 Boniface IV (pope) 281, 285 Daedalus 15–16 Bony, Jean 38 Daniel, Walter 133–4 books, liturgical, as itineraries 288–9 De amicitia (Cicero) 133, 135 Bower, Calvin 61 De diﬀerentiis topicis (Boethius), Abelard’s Bridlington Prophecies 103 commentary on 202, 251 Bromyard, John, Summa 36 De doctrina Christiana (St Augustine of Brunschwig, Jacques 2 Hippo) 126, 142, 193, 274 Burmeister, Joachim 61 De inventione (Cicero) 195, 199–200, 203, 251, 253 cadence 57, 176, 179–80 De oratore (Cicero) 57, 195, 197 deceptive in music 85–6 De spiritali amicitia (Aelred of see also punctuation Rievaulx) 134

Index 313

De tripartite tabernaculo (Adam of facies 156–7 Dryburgh) 233, 242 Fassler, Margot 227, 244 Dedicatio basilicae sanctae Maria ad Fitzalan, Joan 99, 104–5 martyres 286–300 Fortunatianus, Consultus 129, 156, 207 delivery (actio, pronuntiatio) 2–3, 10, 126–31 on ductus 195, 196, 197–200, 230–9, 254 actio and pronuntiatio distinguished 124, Francis of Assisi, St 125 126 Canticle of Brother Sun 142–3 and composition 175–6, 178–9 Frankl, Paul 45, 51 Bene of Florence on 177–82 Fredborg, Karin Margareta 26, 202 Cicero on 128, 199 Fries, Laurent, Ars memorativa 240 Geoffrey of Vinsauf on 130, 177, 178, 182 letter writing and 177–84 Geoffrey of Vinsauf 26, 206 Martianus Capella 129 on delivery 130, 177, 178, 182 musical performance as 65–6 on ductus and arrangement 190–2 Quintilian on 129 on invention 190–2 Delusor Terentii 165–6, 167 geometry 3, 29, 36, 232–3, 234, 239 Demosthenes 128 Gervase of Canterbury 15 Dialogus de rhetorica et virtutibus (Alcuin) 129 Gervase of Mont-Saint-Éloi 28 Didascalicon (Hugh of St Victor) 18, 27, 89 gesture (gestus) 125–6, 129, 137–8, 141–2, 178, Dio Cassius 282 182–3 division see punctuation as linguistic system 126 doctor, meaning of the term 31–5 see also sign language; silence Donatus, Aelius 52, 160, 166–7 gestus see gesture Ars major as a model for Tinctoris 58–9 glass, stained see windows, stained glass Douze dames de rhétorique, Les 205–6 grammar ductus 190–206 counterpoint as 54–5, 57, 58, 63 agency of 199–206 music compared to 52 and architecture 215, 216, 228, 239–43 vocabulary shared with music 52 and arrangment 196, 199–206, 229–30, 263 Gregory the Great, St (pope) 134, 284 as liturgy 227–30, 288–9 Grosseteste, Robert 26 Consultus Fortunatianus on 195, 196, Guerric of St Quentin 21 197–200, 230–9, 254 Guilelmus Abbas 155 Geoffrey of Vinsauf on 190–2 journey as metaphor 190, 193–4 Hadrian (Roman emperor) 281–3 Martianus Capella on 195, 196, 197–8, 254 Heito of Reichenau 230 Quintilian on 197, 200–1 Helinand of Froidmont 136 terminolgy of 195–9, 254 Heloise 174, 250–1, 256–63, 275 see also pilgrimage; processions Henri de Mondeville 35–6 ductus figuratus 256, 263, 269, 274 Henry of Ghent 21–2, 24, 27–8, 34 ductus subtilis 203, 254–5, 256, 263, 274 Hildebert of Lavardin, ‘Rome elegy’ 151–6 Dulong, Gilles 83 Hildegard of Bingen 250–1, 264–75 Cum uox sanguinis 264–75 Easter liturgy for Paraclete 256–63 Historia Ecclesiastica (Venerable Bede) 281, 300 Eden, William Arthur 25 Honnecourt, Villard de 20 Eiximenis, Francesc, Ars praedicandi populo 193 Horace 4, 57, 201 Elias of Dereham 19 Hugh of St Victor 233 enargeia 4–5 Didascalicon 18, 27, 89 Quintilian on 4 Hutchins, Edwin 86 Engelbert of Admont 54 Ergom, John see Bridlington Prophecies illumination, manuscript exaggeratio 254, 263 adapted to patron 106, 109–17 expression, facial see vultus as persuasion 96 as punctuation 98 Faba, Guido, Summa dictaminis 175 biblical narratives 106–17 facial expression see vultus marginalia 98, 100, 103–101

314 Index

images Dedicatio basilicae sanctae Mariae ad form narrative sequence 232 martyres 286–300 form path through cathedral 216–29, 231 Hildegard of Bingen’s contribution to mental 230–1, 232–3 264–75 representing professions 29–32, 100–2 Paraclete 256–63 see also illumination, manuscript; windows, Paraclete for Easter 256–63 stained glass see also books, liturgical; cursus, liturgical; inductio 202–3 processions inflection, vocal 56–7, 65, 174–5, 180–1 Lucan 152, 153–4 Inglis, Erik 27 Luko, Alexis 57 intentio see scopus Luscius Lanuvius (or Lavinius) 165 invention (inventio) 26–7, 72–4, 77 Geoffrey of Vinsauf on 190–2 Machaut, Guillaume de, Isidore of Seville Remede de Fortune 76 divisions of architecture 37 Macrobius 74 on the classical stage 164 Mâle, Émile 214 Iulius Victor, C. 129 Manhes-Deremble, C. 242 on letter writing 174 Manual of the Mysteries of the Church (Peter of Roissy) 237–9 Jacobi, Rainer 166 maps, mapping 191–2, 194 Jaeger, C. Stephen 153, 169 see also ductus Jeffery, Peter 290 Marshall, Mary Hatch 161 Jerome, St 129 Martianus Capella John of Kelso (abbot) 242 on delivery 129 John of Salerno 132 on ductus 195, 196, 197–8, 254 John of Salisbury 152, 160 masks, theatrical 158, 161–3, 165–166 journey see under ductus see also persona Jubal (Tubal) 75 Matthew of Vendôme 130 Juvenal 160 Matthias of Linköping 131 McKeon, Richard 1, 2 Kemp, Wolfgang 232 McKinnon, James 289–91 Kilwardby, Robert, Notule super medicine (profession) 35–6 Priscianum 37 memoria see memory knowledge, qualities of 1–2, 18, 40 memory 72–5 see also learning and architecture 215–16, 231, 233, 239–43 as mother of the muses 89 Lausberg, Heinrich 127 mnemonic techniques 192–5, 232–3, 240, 272 learning, and professionalism 7–8, 28–36, 78, music notation and 77, 85–8 79–81, 82–4, 97 the machine of creativity 73 see also knowledge Meun, Jean de Roman de la Rose letter writing Mews, Constant 251 and audience 173–4, 179, 182 Mignot, Jean 40 C. Iulius Victor on 174 Millar, Eric 108–9 delivery and 177–84 Minnis, A. J. 20–1 in trivium 177 mnemonic techniques see under memory Liber de arte contrapuncti (Johannes modus (mode) 196–9, 204–5, 230, 254 Tinctoris) 57 modus agendi see ductus liberal arts 7 modus tractandi see ductus and mechanical arts 18, 25, 35 Montreuil, Pierre de 31–2 see also quadrivium; trivium Moos, Peter von 152, 252, 255 Libergier, Hugues, tomb of 29–31, 30, 31 Morey, C. R. 164 liturgical cursus see cursus, liturgical Mortet, Victor 22–3 liturgy Murphy, J. J. 59 as ductus 227–30, 229, 288–9 Murray, Alexander 14 as persuasion 251, 253, 255–6, 301 Music (personified) 75–6

Index 315

music ephemerality of 59, 65–6, 76, and oratory 3, 125, 195 84–5, 141, 176, 182 and the trivium 53–4 imagined in silent reading 197 as persuasion 3 interplay of composer/performer, work and compared to grammar 52 audience 7, 76–9, 135 compared to rhetoric 3, 52–3 nonverbal 136–40 counterpoint as grammar 54–5, 57, 58, 63 period see punctuation in the quadrivium 53–4 persona 161–3 performance as delivery 65–6 see also masks, theatrical rhetorical text setting 60–1, 298 personiﬁcation St Augustine on 53 of arrangement (Deduccion) 205–6 treatises modelled on treatises of rhetoric of Music 75–6 and grammar 53, 57–60 of Nature 73 vocabulary shared with grammar and persuasion 3, 139–40, 252 rhetoric 7–8, 52, 197 and audience 4–5, 203–4 see also notation, music and religious conversion 284 musicians, and learning 7–8, 82–4 liturgy as 251, 253, 255–6, 301 manuscript illumination as 96 narrative 232 music as 3 in liturgy 265, 292–3, 300 pleasure essential to 7 in manuscript illumination 106–17 Peter of Celle 193–4 Nature (personiﬁed) 73 Peter of Roissy, Manual of the Mysteries of the New Grove Dictionary of Music 60 Church 237–9 Nims, M. F. 191 Peter the Chanter, Verbum abbreviatum 15 Nora, Pierre 301 Petrus dictus Palma Ociosa 53–4 Norton, Christopher 236 Pevsner, Nikolaus 24 notation, music 87–8, 131, 183 Phocas (Byzantine emperor) 281 and memory 77, 85–8 Pictor in Carmine 15 and punctuation 54, 55–7 pilgrimage 192–3, 216–27, 288–9 underprescribed 56–7, 65, 76 pleasure, essential to persuasion 7 Notule super Priscianum (Robert Pliny the Younger 128 Kilwardby) 37 poetry, compared to architecture 26, 190–1 Pouchelle, M.-C. 36 Odo of Cluny 132 processions 215, 227–9, 293 oratory professions, represented in images 29–32, compared to acting 10, 127, 157–8 100–2 music and 3, 125, 195 pronuntiatio see delivery ordinatio 36–8 Psalm 41, St Augustine on 194–5, 230–1 ornament 198–9, 206 punctuation musical dissonance as 58 Bene of Florence on 179–82 Our Lady’s Tumbler (Tombeor Nostre Dame) grammatical and rhetorical 56 137–43 manuscript illumination as 98 Ovid, Ars amatoria 152 music notation and 54, 55–7 see also cadence Palfrey, Simon 86 puns, jokes 154–5 Panofsky, Erwin 19–20, 27, 28, in marginalia 100–2 29, 41 in music notation 78, 83–4, 86 Paraclete liturgy see under liturgy Pythagoras 75 Paris, Gaston 23 Paris, Matthew 15 quadrivium 60 Parkes, Malcolm B. 37, 55–6 music in 53–4 performance 2, 7, 127 Quintilian, M. Fabius 59, 199 and composition 76, 78 on arrangement 4, 230 and religious ritual 136–40 on delivery 129 and text 76–8, 135 on ductus 197, 200–1

316 Index

Quintilian, M. Fabius (cont.) Teye, John de 97, 102–3, 105, 106–8, 109–17 on enargeia 4 theatre, Roman 160–1, 163–7 on mnemonics 192 Theodore of Mopsuestos201 on tenor 197 Theodosius (Roman emperor)283 on vultus 154, 156–60 Theophrastus of Eresus 128 Tilliette, Jean-Yves 153 ratiocinatio 202–3 Tinctoris, Johannes 57–60 reading 135, 197 humanist models 57 ars lectoriae 130, 173–5 Liber de arte contrapuncti 57 in the classroom 161, 166 Topics (Aristotle) 202 of devotional books 117 topics (materia) 202, 253–5 of Scripture 193–5, 204–5 Tribble, Evelyn 86, 87–8 readers as audience 96, 140 trivium 201–3, 251–2 recte and bene see correct and done well letter writing in 177 Remede de Fortune (Machaut, music’s relationship to 53–4 Guillaume de) 76 overlap of grammar and rhetoric 59–60 Remigius of Auxerre 53, 162 Rhetoric (Aristotle) 2, 7, 36, 127, 128 Valerius Maximus 125 Rhetorica ad Herennium 128, 156, 177, 178–9, 191 Verbum abbreviatum (Peter the Chanter) 15 Rico, Gilles 60 Vitruvius 4, 14–281, 18, 25, 41 Roman de la Rose 73 Vitry, Jacques de 136 Roman theatre see theatre, Roman voice (human), body as musical instrument Rota Veneris (Boncompagno of Signa) 182–3 74, 78 Rutilius Lupus 5 voice (metaphorically, of the author or composer) 82, 84, 88, 164–5, 166–7 scholasticism, and architecture 20–8 voice (vox), element of delivery 177–8, 199 scopus 200, 210, 230–1, 254 see also inflection St Augustine on 200 vox, called the material of music 53 Scotus, Johannes 162 vultus (facial expression) 154, 155, 156–60 Scripture, defined as rhetorical speech 252–4 and facies 156–7 sculpture, tomb, representing architects 29–32 and insincerity 159–60 Senleches, Jacob de, Je me merveil/J’ay pluseurs as interface with Other 155–6 fois 77–84 Cicero on 156–60 sentence see punctuation Quintilian on 154, 156–60 Servius 165 sign language 132–3, 135–6 Waddell, Chrysogonus 259 Siguinus, Ars lectoria 175 Webber-Jones, Leslie 164 silence 131–2, 137 William of Champeaux 251 notation of 131 William of Sens 15, 38 Simonides 4 Wilson, Christopher 29, 38 Smolak, Kurt 153 windows, rose 232, 234, 237 Stern, Tiffany 86 see also circles Stevens, Martin 148 windows, stained glass 226, 234, 237, 238, 239 Stone, Anne 83 narrative in 232 Strohm, Reinhard 69 Wolf, Gerard 286 Summa (John Bromyard) 36 Wölfflin, Heinrich 20 Summa dictaminis (Guido Faba) 175 women, liturgy designed for 256–63, 264–5 Summa musice 52 Woodley, Ronald 57

tenor, tenor agendi 192, 197, 203–4, 208 Zeuxis 5 Quintilian on 197 Zinn, Grover 234 see also ductus Ziolkowski, Jan M. 183 Terence 160, 163–7, 165–6 Zwierlein, Otto 151