Reproduced from Agronomy Journal. Published by American Society of Agronomy. All copyrights reserved. oto ftobeoedctwesadprnilnut- perennial and weeds ( dicot sedges troublesome residual re- of improved the control provide of registrations Some herbicide 2003). cent (Prostko, are peanut ingredients active for from herbicide registered effective espe- losses debate, 18 considerable since large to cially subject continued is peanut the in weeds for Reasons (Webster, respectively 2001a). in Georgia, million and $47.7 and Florida, $6.4, Alabama, $11.2, were be peanut to in estimated weeds recently from losses annual control, investments weed these in pro- Despite 2001a). peanut (Webster, southeastern expenditures states other ducing Similar for reported production. been peanut have of vari- costs the of able 8% approximately for accounts which 2003), 7 .SgeR. aio,W 31 USA 53711 WI Madison, Rd., Segoe S. 677 (2005). 97:85–88 © J. Agron. Aug. in Published 21 Received 31793-0748. ([email protected]). GA author Jr., Tifton, Box *Corresponding Mullinix, Stn., 2003. B.G. P.O. and Exp. Stn., Prostko Plain E.P. Exp. Coastal and Plain 31793-0748; GA Coastal Tifton, USDA-ARS, 748, III, Johnson W.C. P escapes. weed of number total sup- the spacings reducing row narrow by use, herbicides herbicide plement reduce and individ- affect species not weed did spacings ual use row narrow narrow in While herbicide rows. greater wide reduce 12% than were rows Narrow not Yields spacings. rows. did row wide wide herbicides with than compared residual rows with narrow spacings in row rows. lower wide were total in although densities affected, seeded weed not were peanut species weeds than individual closure of Densities canopy quicker narrow had in rows seeded Peanut acid}. oromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic diazin-4(3 (1,1 [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1 paraquat bentazon ion), plus bipyridinium herbicide, residual each for moderate [4-(2,4-dichloro- system the 2,4-DB was management and weed Intense herbicide, acid]. phenoxy)butanoic residual a management ethalfluralin, weed Moderate was control. grass annual for alone zenamine] [ indole-1,3(2 {2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo- 4-(2-propynyl)-2 flumioxazin and anesulfonamide}, methyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 { sulfentrazone dine-2-sulfonamide], [ 5-oxo-1 residual the {( using imazapic management weed herbicides of levels each three Within were use. spacing herbicide row reduced and control her- weed nonresidual improved with conjunc- bicides, supplemented in herbicides spacings, residual row new narrow with in tion suppression 2001 weed to if improving 1999 determine from closure, to conducted were canopy Trials rapid weeds. with promote competitiveness and wilt spotted suppress N N mrcnSceyo Agronomy of Society American -ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6- -(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimi- arwrwsaig npau ( peanut in spacings row Narrow 8 ha $86 Georgia in roducers H iiao--l--ehl3prdncroyi cd,diclosulam acid}, -imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic Cyperus H H -n ,-ixd] n cfure {5-[2-chloro-4-(triflu- acifluorfen and 2,2-dioxide], )-one Ϫ -in} iia edmngmn a ethalfluralin was management weed Minimal )-dione}. 1 o edcnrli ent(mt tal., et (Smith peanut in control weed for H -1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 p) esesn urn edmanage- weed current Reassessing sp.). Ϯ )-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- ABSTRACT .CrolJhsnII*Ei .Poto n ejmnG ulnx Jr. Mullinix, G. Benjamin and Prostko, P. Eric III,* Johnson Carroll W. mrvn h aaeeto io ed nPeanut in Weeds Dicot of Management the Improving ihNro o pcnsadRsda Herbicides Residual and Spacings Row Narrow with omnysedmr than more spend commonly rci hypogaea Arachis H N dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)ben- -1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]meth- -[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoro- H )-2,1,3-benzothia- ؅ -dimethyl-4,4 . production L.) H -iso- ؅ - 85 hsi rtclfrtepatclt fmlil groupings multiple of practicality 1981). the Buchanan, for same critical and the is (Hauser remained This spacing spacings rate row seed seeding all in-row that among the such wide-row altered trials, in was follow-up than In spacings narrow-row spacings. in rate higher in seeding resulted which between spacings, same narrow-row the and trials, was wide- initial spacing their seed In in-row rows. the of wide however, in groupings seeded bet- peanut resurgence multiple than ter weed in suppressed rows seeded spaced al., narrowly peanut et (1980) Hauser that (Cardina and Buchanan showed peanut 1984). weed al., in et cultural Wehtje proposed 1987; for been concept has This control particular. row narrow in and peanut, spacings in controls weed cultural of role weeds. to due losses large continued lne afnto rseln otlt.Increasing to mortality. due skips seedling wide or in malfunction resulting through accurate often numbers planter for seed unit, allow low planter not of each did metering 1980s consistent early and the in nologies in- and rows, digging narrow of of cluster this difficulties using seeded and peanut verting peanut subterranean of the Given seedbed. fruiting spaced raised rows a on seven apart of cm cluster pro- 20 a in was seeded suppression peanut Researchers by weed vided 1982). greatest Buchanan, the that and concluded (Hauser southeast- the USA in peanut ern of weeds troublesome most the Florida of [ biomass pod the reduced [ beggarweed spacings row 2003). narrow al., et (Smith costly production are peanut in seed costs peanut ha since $148 rows (approx. spaced narrowly of ihcs fwe oto,rdcdpoi agn,and margins, the profit reduced of control, because weed important of is cost peanut high in strategies ment ardrw n18 Aoyos 91.Patrtech- Planter 1981). (Anonymous, 1981 in rows paired eri enthcaaewspatdt arwor narrow to planted was hectarage peanut 1965). Reid, Georgia and Cox 1985; al., better et necessarily (Colvin not control for yield, weed conditions increased optimum that with to growth compared due crop spacings were row spacings row paired wide of yields returns greater herbi- that net consensus reduce and general to the was enough It not use. sup- cide but spacings growth, row weed narrow paired-row pressed trials, the their including In Colvin spacings, configuration. harvest. row at intensity various invert control weed among of and levels six dig evaluated suppres- (1985) to al. weed et easier of be levels and similar give sion would apart, cm 75 ossae 8c pr ntepi n ahpi spaced pair each and pair the in apart cm 18 spaced rows twscnlddta atr fpie os with rows, paired of pattern a that concluded was it ec;PE reegne E eeaieemergence. vegetative VE, preemergence; PRE, gence; Abbreviations: htrassmn hudas nld h potential the include also should reassessment That h nacdcmeiieeso entsee in seeded peanut of competitiveness enhanced The ept h rvnyedices,ol %o the of 3% only increase, yield proven the Despite en obtusifolia Senna A,dy fe mrec;EOT al postemer- early EPOST, emergence; after days DAE, emdu tortuosum Desmodium Ϫ 1 ,acutn o 5 fteinput the of 15% for accounting ), L)IwnadBrey,toof two Barneby], and Irwin (L.) S. C n sickle- and DC] (Sw.) Reproduced from Agronomy Journal. Published by American Society of Agronomy. All copyrights reserved. inco.Cneunl,ti oainhdhg este of densities ( high nutsedge had location yellow this sicklepod, Consequently, corn with crop. rotation tion annual in managed grown was were location ( plots This peanut 5.9. that with pH so clay and 4% matter and silt, organic 8% Arenic 0.9% sand, thermic, 88% siliceous, of (loamy, GA. composed sand Attapulgus, Paleudults) loamy Lucy near a County was and Decatur Soil Research Attapulgus in the Center at Education 2001 to 1999 from conducted ( ( starbur ossae 0c pr etrdo . ieraised wide m 1.8 a on centered apart four were cm rows Narrow 30 seedbed. spaced raised cm wide 91 rows m spaced 1.8 rows a two on were apart rows Wide spacings. row levels). narrow (three intensity management weed and herbicides levels), residual levels), (four (two spacing row replications. four were with Treatments design, experimental split-plot split, a in 2001b). (Webster, plain southeast- coastal the in ern peanut of weeds troublesome most the among PE meitl fe lnig lmoai 15gai ha a.i. g (105 flumioxazin planting, after immediately (PRE) mrec,dcoua 2 ..ha a.i. g (27 diclosulam emergence, s npau n r oa onsfrmn io edcontrol weed dicot many for points focal are for and registered peanut ha on are use a.i. sulfentrazone kg and flumioxazin, (0.28 diclosulam, sulfentrazone and PRE, weeds: ha dicot a.i. of g control (71 residual imazapic spectrum broad provide averaged that spacings row both for m ha seed rate kg 10 seeding 123 of total density The a seeded at m were row. seeded rows seed were wide 20 rows in of narrow Peanut density cm. 3.8 a placed of at that depth KS) a Lenexa, vacuum at wide St., using seeds 116th seeded beds were West six plots 17135 All (ATI, blocks long. planters m in 12.2 arranged and m) were (10.8 plots Main seedbed. efficiency, yield. control increase and weed use, improve herbicide reduce may resid- current herbicides of versatility ual the with row im- combined narrow the spacings in seeded that peanut of hypothesize competitiveness We proved nutsedges. and long- perennial weeds dicot 1970s and provide of broad-spectrum a generally the of control herbicides in residual term These available conducted 1980s. not were early were narrow trials that similar in herbicides when seeded residual en- peanut with the rows of integrating in competitiveness interest hanced renewed is spacings row 2003). in spacings communication, paired-row hectarage personal or Smith, peanut narrow (N.B. in 2002 planted the was Georgia of spacings. paired-row 32% or narrow Consequently, in 2003). peanut spotted al., seeding manage is et to wilt used (Brown practices production losses the minimize of One or disease the incidence reduce of either that con- practices production wilt of spotted sists of south- management the Current in USA. epidemic eastern became tospovirus) wilt spotted costs. production that against increased hedged but unit planter risk each in rate seeding the 86 e mays Zea rtnglandulosus Croton anposo h xeietldsg eeete ieor wide either were design experimental the of plots Main treatments of arrangement factorial a was experiment The riae il tde sn h 9Rpau utvrwere cultivar peanut C99R the using studies field Irrigated ihtercn nraei sn arwo paired- or narrow using in increase recent the With (tomato peanut of wilt spotted 1990s, early the In uposo h xeietldsg eefu herbicides four were design experimental the of Subplots cnhsemmhispidum Acanthospermum Ϫ .,wt iteefr omng ed nterota- the in weeds manage to effort little with L.), 1 AEIL N METHODS AND MATERIALS . Ϫ ..Toeseiswr eotdt be to reported were species Those L.). 1 ple katrpau vegetative peanut after wk 3 applied ) Ϫ 1 nec o,weespau in peanut whereas row, each in yeu esculentus Cyperus Ϫ GOOYJUNL O.9,JNAYFBUR 2005 JANUARY–FEBRUARY 97, VOL. JOURNAL, AGRONOMY 1 ple preemergence applied ) C,adtoi croton tropic and DC), Ϫ 1 R.Imazapic, PRE. ) .,bristly L.), Ϫ 1 neach in Ϫ 1 ) entdge nortil a erfte ihbae (Ubly blades with retrofitted was trials our the in Therefore, losses. digger harvest narrow peanut cm) in unacceptable (107 seeded in peanut conventional resulting dig rows, with adequately not digger did peanut blades length a that entire shown the experience had Previous from equipment. two-row peanut commercial using combining plot and digging, by air-curing, center measured the were inverting, yields in Peanut drill plot. crop each of the rows to two adjacent placed randomly m) 0.5 adndsel 1 mln,t mrv avs efficiency. harvest improve to long, cm of 119 MI) Manistee, steel, Road, hardened Hill 1388 Manufacturing, Knife Bean il ape eemcaial lae ormv foreign remove to cleaned mechanically were samples Yield n entyed en eesprtduigFse’ LSD Fisher’s using separated were ( Means composition, yield. species weed peanut density, and and herbicides, weed residual on spacing, intensity row management of combina- in effects and the singularly tion test to partitioned were freedom of as reported peanut. yields stock with farmer biomass, cleaned weed particularly material, edcntn vrteeprmn n ae nGogaCo- Georgia recommendations. on Service based Extension and operative experiment the over were practices constant management held crop and Excluding wide. pest m management, 1.8 weed swath a P.O. treating Co., IL) Wheaton, Systems 7900, (Spraying Box tips spray TeeJet Turbo low-drift CO with pressurized application. of time optimum for and at applied spectrum rates were control which herbicides, weed residual were the unique of systems each the management to weed according The designed peanut. of (VE) ha gence a.i. kg for (0.14 ha appli- paraquat ha system tank-mix of a a.i. moderate with cation kg supplemented the herbicide, 0.28 was residual postemer- at each management early 2,4-DB weed single of a Intensive application and PRE, (EPOST) herbicides, ethalfluralin residual gence of the system of a Mod- 2003). one was (Prostko, on management study effect this weed in no erate interest had of Ethalfluralin weeds dicot control. ha the grass a.i. annual kg for (0.8 ethalfluralin PRE control. of Minimal consisted long. weed m management 6.1 and for weed m) (1.8 efforts wide bed one intensive were Sub-subplots and moderate, herbicides; residual minimal, the of each for intensity m management weed 6.1 and m) (5.4 wide beds long. three were Subplots programs. n elwnteg i o ifrbtenpau row peanut between differ not did nutsedge yellow and parameters. detected the not of were any intensity for herbi- management residual weed either or and cide spacing row inter- between Significant actions evaluated. parameters all for management intensity weed and herbicides residual interac- between significant tion a was There yield. peanut years. and density across pooled ( significantly were spacing Row data therefore variables, all peanut and (DAE) emergence after days 70 approximately il.Weswr one nto05m 0.5 two in counted were Weeds yield. P Ϫ aawr nlzduigamxdmdlaayi.Degrees analysis. mixed-model a using analyzed were Data ramnswr ple ihatatrmutdpo sprayer plot tractor-mounted a with applied were Treatments dicot of levels were design experimental the of Sub-subplots este fsclpd rsl tru,toi croton, tropic starbur, bristly sicklepod, of Densities for detected not were years in differences Significant aaeesmaue eemdesnwe onstaken counts weed midseason were measured Parameters Յ 1 ,adailofn(.8k ..ha a.i. kg (0.28 acifluorfen and ), 0.10). EUT N DISCUSSION AND RESULTS edDensities Weed 2 airtdt eie 3 ha L 234 deliver to calibrated , P Յ .0 fetdttlweed total affected 0.10) Ϫ 1 ,bnao 05 ga.i. kg (0.56 bentazon ), Ϫ 1 tvgttv emer- vegetative at ) 2 udas(. by (1.0 quadrats Ϫ 1 using Ϫ Ϫ 1 1 ) . Reproduced from Agronomy Journal. Published by American Society of Agronomy. All copyrights reserved. o pcn ikeo tru rtnnteg ed Yield weeds nutsedge croton starbur Sicklepod spacing Row eiulhriieitniySclpdsabrcoo usdewesYield weeds nutsedge croton starbur Sicklepod intensity herbicide Residual S(.0†0311041414250 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.3 spacings. row and years across yield peanut and species weed each for calculated LSD(0.10) † LSD(0.10)† Flumioxazin (diclosulam croton tropic Diclosulam and systems) diclosulam and Sulfentrazone at yield Imazapic peanut and densities weed midseason on intensity management weed and herbicides residual of effects Interactive 2950 2. Table 110 croton. and 3300 tropic acifluorfen, control paraquat, to of bentazon sicklepod, supplements control needed not to but did treatments imazapic supplemental contrast, In require benta- control. and sicklepod acifluorfen, for paraquat, zon required but 12.2 itself species weed by three of 0.4 control 8.7 season-long sulfentra- provided were another example, zone For herbicide, species prevalent. residual became several species a weed When by species. controlled one weed effectively least four at the of escapes of control weed to intensive systems the management in used 6.7 treatments required supplemental in herbicide the residual densities Each NS plots. sulfen- greatest 4.1 in trazone-treated densities the lowest and had plots flumioxazin-treated which is example nutsedge, Another plots yellow plots. sulfentrazone-treated imazapic-treated sicklepod in in least example, and greatest For 2). were (Table densities species 0.7 by differed NS herbi- 1.0 additional row replace narrow treatments. to in cide sufficient seeded not peanut was of spacings closure and competitiveness canopy improved rapid the that shows management intensity weed and spacing 2.0 significant row of between lack interaction the row However, wide shown). in not NS DAE (data 1.6 60 spacings about row vs. narrow DAE paraquat, 40 in about closed by of spacings canopies supported that applications was observations idea our because That by 1982). occurred Buchanan, than 1980; and probably Hauser, sooner and Hauser intensively (Buchanan in closure rows wide greater canopy in were seeded densities achieving peanut nutsedge and competitive Yellow row more weeds being 2.1 due wide rows with narrow probably than in was seeded that peanut plots research, to NS earlier 1.7 row on narrow Based intensity. plots. in management weed were less and however, herbicides, densities, significantly residual weed years, Total 1). across (Table yield spacings peanut and species weed each for calculated LSD(0.10) † LSD(0.10)† Wide 2001. to Narrow 1999 GA, Attapulgus, at yield and density weed midseason on spacing row peanut of Effect 1. Table edseisrsosst h eiulherbicides residual the to responses species Weed taugs A 99t 2001. to 1999 GA, Attapulgus, edmngmn rsl rpcYlo Total Yellow Tropic Bristly management Weed iia . . . . 491730 4040 3960 1880 3610 14.9 4090 16.2 14.8 1790 3400 14.3 3820 6.4 5.4 7.8 1960 13.8 3490 17.4 10.9 3710 5.7 3.4 3.9 2.8 5.2 1.7 13.5 4.4 0.0 9.6 6.2 0.0 0.6 1.1 2.9 0.6 5.5 3.8 0.1 2.0 0.1 4.2 1.6 2.3 0.0 4.0 0.0 1.0 1.8 1.0 2.3 1.4 1.6 3.5 0.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 3.4 2.2 3.4 1.1 0.7 0.9 2.2 minimal moderate 3.7 intensive 2.3 2.4 minimal moderate 0.2 intensive 0.1 minimal moderate intensive minimal moderate intensive ONO TA. AAIGNRO O PCNSI PEANUT IN SPACINGS ROW NARROW MANAGING AL.: ET JOHNSON rsl rpcYlo Total Yellow Tropic Bristly o m no. mrvdwe aaeet(ovne l,18;Cox 1985; al., et (Colvin management weed improved u oipoe oto fsclpd(sulfentrazone sicklepod of control improved was increase to yield due This weed 2). weed moderate (Table systems the intensive management to respective compared their systems in management greater were sulam im- by increased disease. been the have of may management rows row proved trials narrow wide in our was yields in peanut in incidence spacings trials, wilt our seeded spotted in While measured peanut not 2003). al., than et wilt (Brown have to spotted shown Furthermore, been have 2). less rows (Table narrow species weed in seeded weed overall peanut specific improved a of con- to improved trol increase to due attributed yield be cannot partially the that management be indicate than data also Our other may 1965). reasons Reid, to and spacings improved row attributed narrow that in research results yields earlier These 1). with (Table plots agree row wide from those than species. re- weed was other 1979) the al., by et suppression from Stoller leased 1997; 1978; Mullinix, Thullen, and and (Johnson Keeley weeds nutsedge dicot com- yellow poorly other petitive the Consequently, of nutsedge. manage- yellow control not weed but improved intensive systems in ment bentazon and acifluorfen, That plots. managed moderately in than plots managed Ϫ 2 ilso enttetdwt ufnrzn n diclo- and sulfentrazone with treated peanut of Yields greater were plots row narrow from yields Peanut o m no. Ϫ 2 entYields Peanut gha kg gha kg 87 Ϫ Ϫ 1 1 Reproduced from Agronomy Journal. Published by American Society of Agronomy. All copyrights reserved. edmngmn illkl ifrweewe species weed where differ likely will management weed raswt le utvr n ebcd technologies, herbicide and cultivars earlier in older those as with well as trials results, Our spacings. row specific. row species weed not was that reduc- overall escapes an weed to of due tion seemed spacings row narrow spacings benefits of supplemental row The herbicides. narrow supplement of to was benefit or tangi- management herbicide the weed that residual ble appeared it either intensity, management with weed be- spacings interaction of row lack tween the yields with aspect peanut that spacings. Considering and row narrow in spacings, increased correspondingly row were wide with (1984). al. compared et Wehtje of results consis- was the which with spacings, tent row wide over narrow spacings by increased al- row were was yields control peanut achieved, weed ready acceptable evalu- where herbicides residual However, active ated. highly the of consistent all was among this highly and the spacings using row narrow by competitive reduced yield. not or was parameters use density herbicide weed Hence, management the weed of any or for herbicide intensity residual our spac- either row In and between detected ing possible. were previously interactions no than trials, control residual longer-dura- offer tion that herbicides used differing and of habit cultivar growth Our modern control. a with weed conducted improved were trials show However, not 1981). did results Buchanan, those and Hauser and 1980; (Buchanan spacings Hauser, row weeds wide in with seeded competitive orpeanut than more narrow were in spacings herbicide seeded row paired early peanut and that trials from showed our technologies, in habits used growth cultivar differing C99R the of Those spacings. cultivars row using paired results, or narrow with trials search practice. en- cost-effective with a is herbicide history residual weed matching demic properly by con- control trol weed weed supplemental of most cost of the portion Eliminating budgets. significant a be ha can our plus $42 which approximately paraquat In costs of bentazon control. control plus acifluorfen weed weed manage- pest supplemental of integrated the costs offers trials, reducing and growers treatment, peanut supplemen- tal without for capa- weeds the are controlling adequately herbicides with of residual ble the matched of a any properly weeds, choosing endemic When when herbicide. composition species residual weed previous of consider must history growers Based peanut trials. results, the our these in on increasing present without those from seeded vary compositions be to spacings row row treatment. supplemental for strategy. or need management row weed the with- integrated yields, out an peanut of protect the part and highly be weeds that manage can dicot to competitive indicated sufficient was and flumioxazin using in or system increase present imazapic management weed composition yield moderate species a a trials, weed moderate these the demonstrated on and flumioxa- Based or intensive zin. imazapic using between systems management Yields different weed systems. systems not management management weed were weed moderate intensive the over the in systems) 88 entgoessol osdripeetn nar- implementing consider should growers Peanut spacings row narrow in less were densities weed Total re- earlier with consistent generally are results These h eainhpbtenitnieadmoderate and intensive between relationship The GOOYJUNL O.9,JNAYFBUR 2005 JANUARY–FEBRUARY 97, VOL. JOURNAL, AGRONOMY Ϫ 1 , ese,EP 01.Eooi ossdet ed nsuhr states: southern in weeds to due losses Economic 2001a. E.P. Webster, as peanuts of Production 1982. Buchanan. G.A. and E.W., Hauser, weed Low-cost 1987. Wehtje. G.R. and Mixon, A.C. J., Cardina, rw,S,J od .Clrah .Blwn n .Baly 2003. Beasley. J. and Baldwin, J. Culbreath, A. Todd, J. S., Brown, by reported practices of Summary Peanuts—1981. 1981. Anonymous. study this made efforts whose Hornbuckle, Andy possible. Mr. Commodity of Agricultural contribu- technical tions the Georgia recognize We the Peanut. for from Commissions grant a through ete . ..Wle,MG atro,adJA cur.1984. McGuire. J.A. and Patterson, M.G. Walker, R.H. G., Wehtje, peanut, Cotton, states: survey—southern Weed 2001b. T.M. Webster, ( nutsedge Yellow 1979. Slife. F.W. and Wax, L.M. E.W., enterprise Stoller, Crop 2003. Lacy. C. and Givan, W. Shurley, D. N., Smith, herbi- to response weed and control weed Peanut 2003. p. yellow E. Prostko, of requirements Light 1978. Thullen. R.J. and P.E., Keeley, of dynamics Population 1997. Jr. Mullinix, B.G. and W.C., Johnson, spacing, row of Influence 1981. Buchanan. G.A. and E.W., Hauser, factors population plant of Interaction 1965. Reid. P.H. and F.R., Cox, 1985. Walker. R.H. and Patterson, M. Wehtje, G.R. D.L., Colvin, spacing row of Influence 1980. Hauser. E.W. and G.A., Buchanan, edn ae hsi on rppouto practice production benefits. crop ment sound a is this rate, seeding nar- in reduced be may losses spacings wilt spotted row Furthermore, narrow of ability competitive enhanced ings. ikstain.Bl.16.Ui.o eri op x.Service, Ext. Coop. Georgia of Univ. 1165. high avoiding Bull. and situations. Identifying peanut: risk of virus wilt spotted Tomato of Univ. 1–2. GA. Agronomy Athens, 1980. Service, Ext. to Georgia comparison with agents county Georgia in growers peanut by supported was research This nlec fti oso il n edcnrli ent.Peanut peanuts. in control 11:88–91. weed and Sci. yield on rows twin of Influence 259. Weed 54:260–269. South. Soc. Proc. forestry. Sci. and tobacco, peanut, soybean, Cotton, 27:32–37. Sci. GA. esculentus Athens, erus Service, Ext. Coop. Georgia of Univ. vised). Coop. Georgia of GA. Univ. Athens, 28. Service, Bull. Ext. ed. commercial handbook, ment 26:10–16. Sci. Weed ( nutsedge 45:166–171. Sci. Weed plain. coastal southeastern ( nutsedge yellow AL. Univ., Alabama 538. Auburn Bull. Exp., spacing. row Agric. and competition weed by affected and 8:74–81. competitiveness Sci. the Peanut on peanut. systems of herbicide yield and rates, seeding Agron. peanuts. of grade and yield the 57:455–457. on J. production of level and 33:233–237. Sci. gaea ( 35:700–703. peanuts Sci. close-row for systems control 28:401–409. ( Sci. peanuts of yield and competitiveness on GA. Athens, oba,tbco n oety rc ot.We c.Sc 54:244– Soc. Sci. Weed South. Proc. forestry. and tobacco, soybean, (re- AGECON-94-010-S Bull. 2003. Georgia South analysis: cost 117–126. p. cides. ( peanuts minimum-tillage in management Weed osdrn htvcu lnesnwalwnar- allow now planters vacuum that Considering sifune yclia,rwsaig n ebcds Weed herbicides. and spacing, row cultivar, by influenced as ) ardrwsaig oprdwt ierwspac- row wide with compared spacings row paired yeu esculentus Cyperus optto n oto ncr ( corn in control and competition ) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In yeu esculentus Cyperus .Gilba e. 03Gogaps manage- pest Georgia 2003 (ed.) Guillebeau P. REFERENCES n ih necpinb crops. by interception light and ) ncopn ytm nthe in systems cropping in ) rci hypogaea Arachis rci hypogaea Arachis e mays Zea rci hypo- Arachis .Weed ). .Weed ). .Weed ). Cyp-