2844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY :3
SENATE That the den e timber growth in these areas is mainly Douglas fir; That the l<>ss on Douglas fir through overrnaturity at time of cutting ~1ol\1>AY, Feb'l"Ua'l'Y 2, 1925 ranges from 20 to 50 per cent ; That the great bulk of the timber in the north Pacific coast counties The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered tbe following is l'ipe and unless marketed in the near future will sustain Yast loss p1·ayer: in valu~; Gracious Father, Thou hast permitted us to see the begin That 80 per cent of the timber ln this area is of grades requiring low rung of another month. While we recognize the swiftness of rates in order to mo>e it to a distant market; time, we desire to recognize also the great importance of That the only practicable transportation to these markets is by means responsibility, meeting every trust promptly and fulfilling of deep-sea vessels, dmwing from 25 to 27 feet ; every obligation to the best and highest interests of tbe coun That the markets reached by small coasting vessels are abundantly try and to tbe glory of Thy name. Guide all the deliberations supplied by producers more conveniently located; this day. We ask for Christ's sake. AII)-en. That some of the ports to which this timber is tributary have not sufficient depth of water to permit the entry of the larger lumber car The reading clerk proceeded to read the Journal of the pro riers, that others of them need greater channel and harbor depths, and ceeillng · of Saturday last, when, on request of l\Ir. CURTIS and, that none of them has yet had the practicable improvement which by unanimous consent, the further reading was dispensed with would make possible the accommodation of the potential commerce of and the Journal was approved. this arro; MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED BILLS That these ports have taxed and bonded themselves to the amount of A me sage from the House of Representatives by l\Ir. Far several millions of dollars for cooperative work on equal share of the rell, one of its clerks, announced that the Speaker of the House cost of ·their harbor development with the Federal Government; bad affixed his signature to tbe following enrolled bills: That because the great proportion of area is owned by the Federal S. 2842. An act to provide for compulsory school attendance, Goyernment and therefore nontaxable these ports are peculiarly at a for the taking of a school census in the District of Columbia, disadvantage in proceeding with harbor development on a 50-50 basis with the Federal Government; and for other purposes ; H. R. 3132. An act for tbe relief of the William J. Oliver That some of these ports have already bonded themselves to the ex :Manufacturing Co. and William J. Oliver, of Knoxville, Tenn.; tent possibly of their ability to pay, and certainly to the extent of the H. R. 7918. An act to diminish the number of appraisers at constitutional restrictions placed upon them; the port of Baltimore, and for other purposes ; and That there is an actual receptive market for this timber in such H. R.11956. An act to amend the act entitled "An act· mak quantitie as it would be possible to remove it under intensive cutting; ing appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in the appro That availability of tt·ansportation facilities would immediately en priations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909," appror-ed hance its stumpage value many times the entire cost of the harbor February 9, 1909. improvement needed to promote such transportation, while to await railway transportation would entail the total loss of a material part of SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA the Government's holdings in this area; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the That in Del ~orte County, Calif., there are in Government owner· ·senate a notice of contest filed by the Senator from Minnesota, ship 106,700 acres ; MAGNUS JOHNSON, and addl·essed to THOMAS D. SCHALL, rela That the timber stand upon GoTernment-owned property is estimated tive to the right of Mr. Scm to a seat in the Senate for t.he to be 3,201,000,000 board feet ; term beginning March 4, 1925, which will be filed with the That in Siskiyou County, Calif., there are in Government ownership Secretary of the Senate. 566,100 acres; that the timb~r stand upon Government-owned land is PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS estimated to be 5,700,000,000 board feet; That in the coast counties of Oregon there are In Government ownef The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a ship 6,130,580 acres, and in private ownership 6,272,620 acres; that resolution of the Legislature of the State of Utah, favoring the the timber stand upon Government-owned land is 100,101,577,000 board passage of legislation to reduce the fees for grazing live feet, and upon private holdings 9G,820,000,000 board feet; stock on national forests, which was referred to the Com That in the counties of Clallam, Jetrerson, and Grays II_arbor, Wash., mittee on Agrie"Jlture and Forestry. [Duplicate presented by there are in Government ownership 788,443 acres, and in priYate Mr. SMOOT and pl'inted in the RECORD.] ownership 1,065,925 acres; that the timber stand upon Government The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laid before the Senate owned lands is 24,000,000,000 board feet, and upon privately owned the following joint memorial of the Legislature of Oregon, lands 50,400,000,000 board feet; and :5,600,000,000 board feet on In which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: dian reserves ; Senate joint memorial No. 2 That the several counties referred to ln Oregon expend annually for 7'o the ho11oraule Seuate mul House of Representatires of the United purposes of State and 'ocal government in excess of $5,000,000, no part States of America in Oo,gt·ess assembled: of which is contributed as taxes by the lands owned by the United We, your memorialists, the Legislative Assembly of the State of States Government; and Oregon, respectfully submit that- Whereas in view of the foregoing-recited facts it appears that a Whereas at a conference of representatives of the north Pacific coast Government asset is menaced by depreciation, but can be saved and its ports--Crescent City, Chetco Cove, Port Orford, Bandon, Coquille, value multiplied by constructive investment by the Federal Govern Coos Bay, Umpqua, Siuslaw, Alsea, Yaqutna, Tillamook, Nehalem, ment, and that the communities whose interests would also be served Grays Harbor, and Port Angeles--called by llon. Walter M. Pierce, by this investment are not financially able to cooperate with the Fed Governor of the State of Oregon, and held in the city of Portland, eral Government in furtherance of the project : Therefore be it Oreg., January 16 and 17, 1925, it was disclosed from 1·esponsible and Resolved by the Senate of the £!tate of Oregon (the House of Rep,·e authoritative sources that the United States Government has a pre sentatives jointly concurt'ing therein), That we memorialize the Con ponderant proprietary interest in the territory adjacent and tt·ibutary gress of the United States to direct the board of survey of the United to the port represented at said conference and equally large interests States engineers to report on the cost of developing the harbors men· in the natural resources thereor; and tioned herein to th~ir greatest feasible depth for accommodating the Whereas at said conference the following conditions haying a definite lumber commerce that awaits their improvement and the potential com bearing on the true conservation of the Government's holdings in the merce that awaits the agricultural development o.f the cut-over lanc.ls; districts named and upon the upbuilding of commerce and the de that it instruct the Interior Department and the Forestry Bureau to re velopment of wholesome industry in the great area affected were port in detail upon the Government holdings und interests in the e port disclo ed: districts and upon the conditions of the national forests therein as That the greatest natural resource common to the districts repre regards overripeness of timber in order that Congress tnay take such sented is timber, aggregating a grand total in excess of 300,000,000,000 further action as the reports herein petitioned for shall seem to board feet; require. That title to said timber in Oregon counties is vested approximately Passed by the senate January 21, 1925. 50 per cent of the totn.l in the Federal Government and 50 per cent Gus C. MOSER, thereof in private ownership, and in Washington counties in slightly Pt·esident of the Senate. lesser rates as regards Government holdings; Concurred in by the hou.se January 22, 1925. That neither the timber ·nor the land in which title rests in the Fed· DENTON G. BURDICK, eral Government is taxable by the States; - Speaker of the House. That these timbered areas extend into the lowlands and valleys [Indorsed: Senate joint memorial No. 2. Introduced by members which, becau e of mlld climate and abundant moisture, are peculiarly Oregon State Senate. Jno. P. Hunt, chief clerk. Filed J"anuary 23, adapted to dairying and related li"restock husbandry; 1925. Sam A. Kozer, secretary of state.) ·1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 2845
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the STATE OF OREGON, great seal of the State of Utah this 27th day of January, 1925. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. [SEll.] H. E. CROCKETT, Seet·etary of State, I, Sam A. Kozer, secretary of state of the State of Oregon and cus House concurrent memorial Xo. 2 todian of the seal of said State, do hereby certify that I have carefully Memorializing the Congress of the United States, favoring Senate bill compared the annexed copy of senate joint memorial No. 2 with the No. 2327, an act to regulate commerce original thereof, adopted by the Senate and House of Representatives of To the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States the Thirty-third Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon and filed in Oongress assembled: in too office of the t;ecretary of state of the State of Oregon January 23, 1025, and that the same is a full, true, and complete transcript Your memorialists, the Governor and Legi lature of the State of therefrom and of the whole thereof, together with all indorsements Utal1, re pectfully represent; thereon. That in natural resources the great intermediate territory lying In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my band and affixed between the twenty-third and forty-eighth parallels of longitude, of hereto the seal of the State of Oregon. which the State of Utah is a part, is one of the richest sections of Done at the capitol at Salem, Oreg., this 23d day of January, A. D. the United States; · 1!Jj5. That given proper opportunity to develop, it will provide profitablP. [SEAL.] SAM A. KOZEII, employment and comfortable homes for a largely increased population, Secretary of State. promot~ local indu try, provide for our railroads an ever-increa ing tonnage, not subject to water competition, and add enormously to The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laid before the Se.nate the wealth and strength of the Nation ; the following concurrent resolution of the Legislature of Kan That transcontinental railroads, dis atisfied with decisions of the sas, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary: Interstate Commerce Commission denying their applications for House concurrent resolution 5. In relation to rejecting the proposM fourth-section relief in connection with transcontinental rates, con child labor amendment to the Constitution of the United States tinually and persistently renew such pleas, and thereby keep com Whereas the Congress of the United States bas proposed an amend mercial and business conditions in the intermountain country in ment to the Constitution of the United States of .America, in the fol a constant state of unrest and uncertainty ; lowing words, to wit : That because of that unre t and uncertainty the legitimate growth and expansion of existing manufacturing and distributing industries "Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the is hampered, the establishment of new enterprises prevented, and the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of prosperity, growth, and development of the territory affected seriously each House concurring therein), that the following article is pro retarded; posed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, That through no fault in its administration by the Interstate Com which, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the sev merce Commission, but because of a defect in the law which admits eral States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of of such injustice, the people of the said intermediate country are the Constitution : hampered in their business activities, harassed by continuous efforts "ARTICLE- under the pretext of meeting water competition of transcontinental " SECTION 1. That Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and I'ailroads, to impose unjust, unreasonable, and discriminatory rates prohibit the labor of persons under 18 years of age. upon them, and are constantly required at g1·eat expense in money, "SEC. 2. That power of the several States is unimpaired by this time, and energy to defend their interests; and now, therefore, article, except that the operation of the State laws shall be suspended Your memorialists, the Governor and the Legislature of the State to the extent necessary to give en'ect to legislation enacted by the of Utah, respectfully petition your honorable body, during your Congress." present session, to correct the evil herein complained of by the pas Therefore 'be it resolved by the House of Representatives of the State sage of Senate bill No. 2327 ; be it further of Kansas (the se11ate co1te~trring therein)- · RlJ.Solved, That a copy of this memorial be forwarded to each SECTION 1. That the said proposed amendment to the Constitution Member of the congressional delegation n·om this State. of the United States of America be, and the same is hereby, rejected The foregoing hou e concurrent memorial No. 2 was publicly by the Legislature of the State of Kansas. read by title and immediately thereafter signed by the president of SEc. 2. That certified copies of this concurrent resolution be for the senate, in the presence of the house over which he presides, and warded by the governor of this State to the Secretary of State at the fact of such signing duly entered upon the journal this 26th Washington, D. C., to the Presiding Officer of the United States Senate, day of January, 192;>. and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives ot the United A. B. lR\11\"'E, President of the Senate. States. Atte t: I hereby certify that the above con~::urrent resolution originated in H. L. CUMi\fi~GS, the house, and passed that hody January 21, 1925. Secr·etary of the Senate. CLIFFORD R. HOPE, The foregoing memorial was publicly read by title and immediately Speaker of the House. thereafter signed by the speaker of the house, in the presence of the house over which he presides, and the fact of such signing dnly ORA H. Hr..1TFIELD, entered upon the journal this 26th day of January, 1925. Chief Ole1'k of the House. rassed the senate January 27, 1925. WM. E. McKELL, Speake,. of the Hottse. Attest: D. A. N. CHASE, ' E. L, CROPPER, Preside~tt of the Senate. Cllief 07er1' of House. ARTHUR S. MCNAY, Received from the house of representatives this 26th day of Sec1·etm·y of the Senate. Approved January 30, 19~5 .' January, 1925. Approved January 27, 1025. (SEAL.) BEN S. PAULE~, Governo1·. GEO. II. DERN, Governor. The PRESIDENT pro tempore also laicl before the Senate Mr. SMOOT also presented the following resolution of the resolutions adopted by the Northern Baptist Convention, at Legislature of Utah, which was referred to the Committee on Milwaukee, Wis., favoring the participation of the United Agriculture and Forestry : States in the Permanent Court of International Justice, which STATE OF UTAH, were· referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. EXECUTIVE DEPARTME~T, Mr. SMOOT presented the following resolution of the Legis SECRETARY OF STATE'S OFFICE, lature of Utah, which was referred to the Committee on Inter I, H. E. Crockett, ecretary of state of the State of Utah, do hereby state Commerce : certify that the attached is a full, true, and correct copy of house con. STATE OF UTAH, current memo1ial No. 1, by Mr. Hunt, memorializing the Congress of EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, the United States, asking favorable action on Senate Joint Resolution SECRETARY OF STATE'S 0FFICil. 147, and Senate bill 2424, relating to grazing fees on national forests, I, H. E. Crockett, secretary of state of the State of Utah, d() hereby as appears on file in my office. certify that the attached is a full, true, and correct copy of house In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the concurrent memorial No. 2, by Mr. Stark, memorializing tbe Congress great seal of the State of Utah this 28th day of January, 1925. of the United States, favoring Senate bill No. 2327, An act to regulate (SEAL.] H. E. CROCKETT, commerce, as appears on file in my office. Secretarv of Stat~ 2846 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 2
House concurrent memorial No. 1, by Mr." Hnnt, memoriaUzing the Mr. FRAZIER presented a resolution of the Civic League, of Congress of the United States, asking favorable action on Senate Aneta, N. Dak., favoring the participation of the United State~ Joint Resolution 147, and Senate bill 2424, relating to grazing fees in the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was on national forests. referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. To the ,senate and House of Representattoe& of th6 United States In He also presented the petition of the Civic Improvement and Con{}f'e.ss assembled: Study Club of Lidgerwood, N. Dak., praying that the United States adhere to the World Court under the terms of the so Your memorialists, the Governor and Legislature of the State of called Harding-Hughes plan, which was referred to the Com· Utah, respectfully represent that: mittee on Foreign Relations. Whereas from the time of the early settlement of this State until the organiz-ation of the national forests, a large and thriving livestock IDSSISSIPPI IUVEB BRIDGES industry had become established on the free use of the annual forage Mr. SHEPPARD. From the Committee on Commerce I re- crop growing on said national forest areas; that a tacit admission of port back favorably without amendment the bill (H. R. 11036) established rights by such use and occupancy has been· given these said extending the time for the construction of the bridge across early users by the United States Forestry Service as evidenced by the the Mississippi River in Ramsey and Hennepin Counties, Minn. is uance of preferential grazing permits on national forests; that such by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co., and•I established rights by use and occupancy are similar to and acquired in submit a report (NOt. 961) thereon. I ask unanimous consent the same manner as the recognized riparian water rights of early users far the present consideration of the bill. of springs ·and streams on national forest areas ; and There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com· '\Vherea.s the organization of said livestock industry and the com· mittee of the Whole and was read as follows: munities dependent upon 1t have grown through long years on the be Be enacted, eto., That the times for commencing and completing lief that they would be protected in such rights; and 't th~ construction of the bridge authorized by act of Congress, approved Whereas in recent years there has been a gradual increase in the February 16, 1924, to be built by the CWcago, Milwaukee & St. Patll fees charged stock raisers owning grazing permits on the national Railway Co., its successors and assigns, across the Mississippi River forests and moreOver it is the deelared intention of the United States within or near the city limits of St. Paul, Ramsey County, and Minne Forest;y Service to double these fees and to continue to increase them apolis, Hennepin County, Minn., are hereby extended one year .and three until the money return is equal to the money return from similar pri years, respectively, from the date of approval hereof. vately owned lands (testimony of Colonel Greeley before the House SEC. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby ex· Committee on the Agricultural bill, December 7, 1924) ; and pressly reserved. Whereas stoek raisers in recent years are suffering from greatly in creased costs for labor, hay, and forage, with little, if any, increase in The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or· the value of their products, and are facing the uncertainty of greatly dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. increased grazing fees, the amount of such increase being fixed en Mr. SHEPPARD. From the same committee I report back tirely by the United States Department of Agriculture: Now, therefore, favorably without amendment the bill (H. R. 9380) granting Your memorialists respectfully ask that the Congress of the United the consent of Congress to Board of County Commissioners of States take favorable action on Senate Joint Resolution 147, and Sen· Aitkin County, l\1inn., to construct a bridge across the ?t1issis· ate bill 2424. It is our belief that such action is a just recognition sippi River, and I submit a report (No. 962) thereon. I ask of the rights of those owning grazing permits on the national forests, unanimous consent for the present consideration of the bill. that it will greatly assist in stabilizing the stock-raising industry, and There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com will e.ffect a saving to the people of the United States in the costs of mittee of the whole and was read, as follows: the products of the ranges ; and be 1t further Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress is hereby granted Resolved, That a copy of this memorial be sent to each member of to Board of County Commissioners of Aitkin County, Minn., and their the congressional delegation from the State of Utah. successors and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge The foregoing House Concurrent Memorial No. 1 was publicly read and approaches thereto across the Mississippi River at a point suit by title and immediately thereafter signed by the president of the sen able to the interests of navigation, at or near section 9, township 52 ate, in the presence of the house over which he presides, and the fact north, range 23 west, in the county of Aitkin, in the State of Min· of such signing duly entered upon the journal this 27th day of Janu- nesota, in accordance with the provisions of the act entitled "An ary, 1925. · · act to regulate the construction of bridges over navigable waters," A. B. Invern, approved March 23, 1906. Pr·esident of the Senate. SEc. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal tWs a.ct is hereby Attest: expressly reserved. H. L. CUMlliNS, The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or· Secretary ot the Senate. dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The foregoing house concurrent memorial was publicly read by title and immediately thereafter signed by the speaker of the house, in the ROCK RIVER BRIDGE presence of the bouse over which he presides, and the fact of such sign Mr. SHEPPARD. From the Committee on Commerce I re- ing duly entered upon the journal this 27th day of January, 1925. port back favorably without amendment the bill (H. R. 9827) W:u. E. McKELL, to extend the time for the construction of a bridge across the Speaker ot the H o ttse. Rock River in the State of Illinois, and I submit a report (No. Attest: 963) thereon. I ask unanimous consent for the present con· E. L. CROPPER, sideration of the bill. Chief Olerk of House. There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com· Received from the house of representatives this 27th day of Janu mittee of the Whole and was read, as follows : ary, 1925. Be .f.t enacted, etc., That the times for commencing and completing Approved January 28, 1925. the construction of a. bridge authorized by act of Congress approved Gmo. H. DERN, January 31, 1923, to be built by the county of Winnebago, the town Governor. of Rockford, and the city of Rockford, in the State of Dlinols, across Received from governor and filed in the office of the secretary of the Rock River, on the extension of Auburn Street in said city of state this 28th day of January, 1925. Rockford, and in section 13, townsWp 44 north, range 1 east, of the H. E. CROCKETT, third principal meridian, in the county of Winnebago and State of Secretary of State. Illinois, are hereby extended one and three years, respectively, from the date of approval hereof. 1\Ir. WILLIS pretented a petition of the military affairs SEC. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby committee of the Columbus (Ohio) Chamber of Commerce, favoring the passage of legislation providing for the creation, expressly reserved. organization, administration, and maintenance of a Naval Re The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, serve and a l\Iarine Corps Reserve, whieh was referred to the ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. C-ommittee on Naval Affairs. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES · 1\I.r. FERRIS presented mem01ials of sundry citizens of Battle Creek Hillsdale, Allen, Pittsford, Camden, Allegan, and Scott Mr. MEANS, from the Committee on Claims, to which were yille, 'au in the State of Michigan, remonstrating against the referred the following bills, reported them each without passage of legislation providing for compulsory Sunday observ· amendment and submitted reports thereon : ance in the District of Columbia, which was referred to the A bill (S. 2780) for the relief of William Wooster (Rept. No. Committee on the District of C 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE "2847 A bill (S. 2895) for the relief of W. P. Dalton (Rept. No. By Mr. ERNST: 965). A bill ( S. 4188) granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Mr. BURSUl\I, from the Committee on Pensions, to which Dobyns ; to the Committee on Pensions. was referred the bill (H. R.11749) granting pensions and in By 1\fr. NORBECK: crease of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Regu A bill (S. 4189) to authorize the creation of a national me lar Army and Navy, and certain soldiers and sailors of wars morial in the Harney National Forest; and other than the Civil War, and to widows of such soldiers and A bill (S. 4190) authorizing the issuance of patents to the sailors, reported it with amendments and submitted a report State of South Dakota for park purposes of certain lands within (No. 966) thereon. Custer State Park, now claimed under the United States gen Mr. CARAWAY, from the Committee on Claims, to which eral mining laws, and for other purposes; to the Committee on was referred the bill ( S. 339) for the relief of Harry Scott, .Public Lands and Surveys. 1·eported it without amendment and submitted a report (No. By Mr. BALL: 967) thereon. A bill (S. 4191) to permit the merger of street railway_cor He also, from the same committee, to which were referred porations operating in the District of Columbia, and for other the following bills, reported them each with amendments and purposes ; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. submitted reports thereon : By Mr. CURTIS: A bill ( S. 3303) for the relief of Frederick MacMonnies A bill (S. 4192) authorizing the appointment of William H. (Rept. No. 96 ) ; and Armstrong as captain of Infantry, United States Army; to the A bill (S. 3377) for the relief of George E. Taylor (Rept. No. Committee on Military Affairs. 969). A bill ( S. 4193) granting an increase of pension to Annie E. Mr. STERLING, from the Committee on Post Offices and Cade (with accompanying papers) ; Post Road , to which were referred the following bills, reported A bill ( S. 4194) granting an increase of pension to Mary E. them each without amendment and submitted reports thereon: Hinckley (with accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 3162) authorizing the Postmaster General to make A bill ( S. 4195) granting an increase of pension to Rebecca monthly payment of rental for post-office premises under lease C. Burwell (with accompanying papers) ; and (Rept. No. 970) ; and · A bill ( S. 4196) granting a pension to Eva Hood S. Watson A bill (H. R. 6581) authorizing the Postmaster General to (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pensions. provide emergency mail service in Alaska ( Rept. No. 971). By Mr. HEFLIN : Mr. SHEPPARD, froni the Committee on Military Affairs, A bill ( S. 4197) to amend the act entitled "An act authoriz to which was referred the bill (H. R. 2-!19) for the relief of ing the Director of the Census to collect and publish statistics Michael Curran, reported it without amendment and sub of cotton " ; to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. mitted a report (No. 972) thereon. By Mr. MOSES: DE TRUCTIOi'l OF uSELESS PAPERS A joint resolution (S. J. Res. 181) for the relief of George Horton; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. MI·. SMOOT. Mr. President, the Chair the other day laid before the Senate a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, CONSOLIDATION OF NATIOi'IAL BANKING ASSOCIATIONS asking permis ion to destroy certain obsolete papers and Mr. WALSH of Ma sachusetts. I submit an amendment to uocuments in the files of the Treasury Department. The House bill 8887, the so-called McFadden bill, to amend the act Chair appointed the Senator from Utah [Mr. SMOOT] and the to provide for the consolidation of national banking associa Senator from Korth Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS] as a committee tions, and so forth, and· also a letter explaining the amend to consider on the part of the Senate the advisability of ment, which I ask to have treated as in the nature of a peti granting the request. I wish to report that the Senators named tion, printed in the RECORD, and to have both the amendment have made an examination of the papers and recommend the and the petition referred to the Committee on Banking and granting of the request of the Secretary of the Treasury for Currency. permission to destroy the papers. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the amendment and the accompanying letter will be referred to the I'eport will be agreed to. Committee on Banking and Currency, and the letter will be SENATOR FBOM TEXAS (REPT. NO. 073) printed in the RECORD. Mr. SPENCER. Mr. President, on behalf of the Committee The letter is as follows : on Privileges and Elections I pre ent a unanimous report in FEDERAL NATIO~AL B.L'K BUILDING, connection with the senatorial conte t from the State of Texas. Boston, Mass., January SO, 19~. The report will probably be printed and upon the desks of Senator DAVID I. WALSH, Senators this afternoon, and I give notice that to-morrow Washington, D. 0. morning I shall call it up for the consideration of the Senate. l\IY DEAR SE~ATOR: I left you yesterday a copy of H. R. 8887 with The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The report (No. 973) will request that you amend line 9 on page 25 by striking out the word lie on the table for the present, and be printed. " one-third " and inserting in place thereof the word " one-half." BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTI0:\1 INTRODUCED Th.e reason for this change is in substance as follows : National Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the :first banks are required in the very nature of things to compete not only time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and re with the trust companies which are chartered by the State, but with ferred as follow : savings banks, and in some instances with State banks. Under the By Mr. SHEPPARD: law , national banks are therefore required in :Massachusetts to com A bill ( S. 4183) to amend paragraph 11, section 20, of the pete with not only trust companies, but with savings banks, and while inter tate commerce act; to the Committee on Interstate I think there is one State bank in Massachusetts, I am not exactly Commerce. familiar with the limitations upon its loaning ability upon real estate. By Mr. TRAMMELL: The sa ¥ings banks of Massachusetts are allowed to loan upon real A bill ( S. 418-!) providing that the members of the Inter estate 70 per cent of their total deposits, and trust companies having state Commerce Commission shall be appointed from different savings departments are given the same privileges as are allowed to sections of the United States, and that not more than one savings banks, so that trust companies in Massachusetts are allowed member shall be appointed from any one State; to the Com to loan 70 per cent of their time deposits. With these trust companies mittee on Interstate Commerce. and in their savings deposits, therefore, national banks are required to By l\1r. BURSUM: compete. A bill ( S. 4185) to authorize the Secretary of the Interior This bill allows only the following: It permits national banks to to conduct investigations· and tests to locate underground Joan an amount equal to only one-third of their time deposits. The upplies of water for agricultUI·al purpo es in the State of limitation, therefore, is obviously drastic. It will be exceptional to New Mexico; to the· Comlnittee on Agriculture and Forestry. find a national bank when its time deposits equal one-half its total By Mr. WELLER: deposits. A bill ( S. 4186) granting six months' pay to Lucy B. Knox; In other words, it will be an exceptional instance where of the total to the Committee on Naval Affairs. .deposits held by a national bank an amount equal to 50 per cent of it By Mr. COPELAND: is deposited on time. To therefore aHow a national bank to loan on A bill ( S. 4187) to define the status of retired officers of real estate, assuming that it has time deposits equal to one-half of its the Regular Army who have been or may be detailed as pro total deposits, but one-third of the time deposits, would permit a fessors and assistant professors of military science and tactics national bank to loan on real estate only one-sixth of its total deposits. at educational institutions; to the Committee on Military With the privilege which Massachusetts gives to its savings banks Affairs. and trust companies having savings deposits, i. e., the plivilege of l ~848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 2 loaning 70 per cent of its time money while this drastic lim1tatlon is The bill (S. 1181) naming the seat of government of the placed upon national banks, puts the national banks at an obvious dis United States was announced as next in order. advantage. Thls obvious disadvantage we would Uke to have re Mr. JONES of Washington. Let the bill go over. moved, and we would like to have reinserted in the bill the privilege The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The· bill will be passed over. which was origtnally recommended by the Comptroller of the Currency, The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 60) to stimulate crop pro- who, in fact, drafted the original McFadden bill, namely, the authority duction in the United States was announced as next in order. to Loan GO per cent of the time deposits. 1\Ir. KING. Let the joint resolution go over. The basic thought in the McFadden b111 1s to help national banks The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The joint resolution will be compete with trust companies. My proposal is not only in harmony passed over. with th1s thought, but is for the good of the public as 1t will make it The resolution ( S. Res. 124) directing the Interstate Com easier for the small depositor to obtain mortgage money. merce Commission to secure information relative to amount Very truly yours, of money expended for the purpose of creating public interest EnWAllD L. LOGAN, favorable to railroad sentiment was announced as next in order. AMENDMENTS TO RIVERS Al\'ll IIA.RBORS BILL Mr. SMOOT. Let the resolution go over. Mr. REED of Pennsylvania submitted an amendment, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be Mr. HA.ImrsoN submitted two amendments intended to be passed over. proposed to the bill (H. R. 11472) authorizing the construc The bill (S. 185) to promote agriculture by stabilizing the tion, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers price of wheat was announced as next in order. and harbors, and for other purposes, which were referred to Mr. SMOOT. Let it go over. the Committee on Commerce and ordered to be printed. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be passed over. CHANGE OF REFEBENCE-PEROY S. RANSOM The bill (S. 2401) providing for the compensation of retired ~arrant officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and M.a· On motion of Mr. PEPPKR, the Committee on Claims was dis rme Corps, or any other service or department created by or charged from the further consideration of the bill ( S. 3697) under the jurisdiction of the United States Government, and for the relief of Percy S. Ransom, and it was referred to the warrant officers and enlisted men of the Reserve Corps of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Army and Navy was announced as next in order. CHANGE OF PUBLIO LAND ENTRIES Mr. KING. I ask that the bill may go over. :Mr. LADD. Mr. Presideut, I ask unanimous consent that The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be passed over. the votes by which the bill ( S. 3839) to repeal the act approved The bill (S. 2299) to validate the parment of commutation January 27, 1922, providing for change of entry, and for of quarters, heat, and light under the act of April 16, 1918, other purposes, was ordered to a third reading and passed and of rental and subsistence allowances under the act of upon Saturday be reconsidered and the bill returned to the June 10, 1922, was announced as next in order. Committee on Public Lands and Surveys for further con 1\lr. KING. Let the bill be read. sideration. It is a bill repealing a clause of a measure The reading clerk read the bill. which we were to take up in the committee on Wednesday of Mr. HOWELL. I ask that the bill may go over. this week, and the bill was passed on Saturday without The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be passed over. Mr. FLETCHER. I understand that the bill has passed anyone noticing it. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the and that the question now is on reconsidering the vote by request of the Senator from North Dakota, which is that the which it was passed. · votes by which Senate bill 3839 was ordered to a third reading Mr. SMOOT. The bill should go over anyway. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is informed that and pas ·ed be reconsidered and that the bill be recommitted to the present statu of the bill is upon the motion of the Sen the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys? The Chair hears ator from Utah [Mr. KING] to reconsider the vote by which the no objection, and it is so ordered. bill was passed. RE:TI&EME.NT IN LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE Mr. SMOOT. Let the bill go over for the day. Mr. KING. Mr. President. I desire to enter a motion to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will go over. reconsider the vote by which the bill ( S. 3613) to provide The bill (S. 2149) to facilitate and simplify the work of the for retirement for disability in the Lighthouse Service was Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and passed on Saturday last, aud request that if it has been trans to promote reforestation, was announced as next in order. mitted to the House a recall of the bill may be made. Mr. SMOOT. Let that bill go over. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is informed that The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will go over. the bill has not yet been messaged to the House of Repre The bill ( S. 2150) to authorize arrests by officers and em sentatives. ployees of the Department of .Agriculture in certain cases and Mr. JONES of Washington. Will the Senator from Utah to amend section 62 of the act of March 4, 1909, entitled "An state what the bill is'! act to codify, revise, and amend the penal laws of the United Mr. KING. It is a bill reported by the Senator from Wash States," was announced as next in order. ington himself. I shall be very glad to confer with the Sen 1\Ir. KING and Mr. SMOOT asked that the bill go over. ator during the day, and if I find there is no validity in my The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be passed over. motion I shall withdraw it. The bill ( S. 2151) to increase the subsistence and per diem The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Utah allowance of certain officers and employees of the Department enters a motion to reconsider the votes by which the bill was of Agriculture was announced as. next in order. ordered to a third reading and passed. Mr. SMOOT. Let that bill go over. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. · The bill will go over. COMMISSION OF GOLD AND SILVER ;rNQUIRY The bill ( S. 1387) to provide for payment of the amount of Mr. ODD IE submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. the war-risk insurance policy to .a beneficiary designated by 323), which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Capt. John W. Loveland, jr., deceased, was announced as next Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: in order. ResoZved, That the provisions of Senate Resolution 469, Sixty Mr. SMOOT. Let that bill go over. seventh Congress, agreed to March 3, 1923, creating the Senate Com Mr. EDGE. Mr. President, will the Senator from Utah with mission of Gold and Silver Inquiry, be, and the same hereby are, hold the objection for a moment? made applicable to t.h.e Sixty-ninth Congress. 1\Ir. SMOOT. Mr. President, I can say to the Senator from New Jersey that there are two or three bills on the calendat· THE CALENDAR of the same nature as this bill. The whole subject matter The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Morning business is closed, is now before .the Finance Committee, with a subcommittee and the calendar is in order. The Clerk will state the first considering it, with instructions to report just how far these bill on the calendar. bills should go. So I do not think we ought to make a prece The bill (S. 55) making an appropriation to pay the State dent now so long as the subject is before the committee for of Massachusetts for expenses incurred and paid, at the re consideration. · quest of the President, in protecting t]le harbors and fortify Mr. EDGE. Very well; I will not press the matter. ing the coast during the Civil War, in accordance with the find Mr. SMOOT. I will say to the Senator from New Jersey ings of the Court of Claims and Senate Report No. 764, Sixty that the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. REED] is the chair sixth Congress, third session, was announced as first in order. man of the subcommittee which is considering the subject. Mr. OVERMAN. Let the bill go over. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Being objected to, the bill The PRESIDENT pro tempore.. The bill will be passed over.- goes over. ' . 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2849' FRENCH SPOLIATION CLAIMS Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? The bill ( S. 56) for the allowance of certain claims for Mr. SPENCER. Certainly. indemnity for spoliations by the French prior to July 31, 1801, Mr. KING. I suggest to the Senator the propriety of having as reported by the Court of Claims, was announced as next the bill read, so that we may be fully advised of the number in order. of claimants who would receive benefits under the bill and be Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. Let that bill go over. fully advised textually of the contents of the measure. Mr. SPENCER. Mr. President, I move that the Senate Mr. SPENCER. The bill is rather extensive-- proceed to the consideration of the bill. It has been before Mr. KING. I am aware of that fact. the country for 120 years, and we certainly ought to determine Mr. SPENCER. And perhaps when a statement is made it the matter one way or the other. may not be necessary to read it. Any inquiry about the meas Mr. KING. A parliamentary inquiry. As I understand the ure could perhaps be answered without a reading of the bill. rule, if the Senate T"otes to take up the bill, and it shall be Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, we had better have the bill taken up for consideration, unlimited debate will be permitted; read, in order that we may know what it contains. that is, the restriction of debate under the five-minute rule .Mr. SPENCER. Mr. President, I want briefiy-- will not apply. lli. OVERMAN. Mr. President, the bill has not been read? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Missouri The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. 0DDIE in the chair). The [Mr. SPE ~CEB] has moved that the Senate proceed to the con bill has not been read. sideration of the bill. Mr. OVERl\IAN. I ask that the bill may be read. Mr. KING. I am not objecting to that, but I am making a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be read. parliamentary inquiry whether if the motion of the Senator The principal legislative clerk proceeded to read the bill. from Missouri shall be agreed to, the bill may be discussed Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, I will withdraw the re free from the restrictions of the five-minute rule? quest. I will demand that the bill be read when it is on its The PRESIDENT pro tempore. In the judgment of the pas age. Chair, the restrictions of the fi"fe-minute rule in the discussion :Mr. NORRIS. Then it will never be read. of the bill will not apply. l\Ir. HOWELL. 1\Ir. President, I ask that the bill be read. Mr. KING. I think the Chair is right. Mr. KING. In full, textually. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The motion to proceed to The PRESIDING OFFICER. 1.'he Secretary will read the the consideration of the bill must be decided without debate bill. before 1 o'clock. The question is upon the motion of the The principal legislative clerk continued the reading of the Senator from Mis ouri. [Putting the question.] The "ayes" bill and read to the bottom of" page 2. seem to have it. 1\!r. SPENCER. Mr. President, I call the attention of the Mr. OVERMAN. I call for a division. Chair, and particularly the attention of my colleague the Sen- . Mr. REED of Pennsylvania and Mr. HOWELL called for the ator from Nebraska, to the fact that that completes the reading yeas and nays, and they were ordered. of the bill, except for the last paragraph, with the other ex The reading clerk proceeded to call the roll. ception that there now follow 138 pages of individual names Mr. BAYARD (when his name was called). Mr. President, and amounts. Ther·e is no other legislation in the bill. I I am inclined to think that I have an interest under this bill quite understand that the Senator from Nebra ka has the and, therefore, I withhold my yote. ' right to insist that tho e 138 pages shall be read, if he i so Mr. CURTIS (when his name was called). I have a general advised to do; but the legislative provisions of the bill having pair with the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. RoBINSON]. Not been read, except for the last clause on page 142, I wondered knowing how he would vote on this question, I withhold my if, with the reading of the last clause, the Senator might not vote. agree to the elimination from the reading of the individual Mr. OVERMAN (when his name was called). I have a gen items. eral pair with the senior Senator from Wyoming (Mr. WAR Mr. HOWELL. I have not read the bill, Mr. President and REN]. He not being present, I withhold my vote. therefore 1 request that it be read in full. ' Mr. WATSON (when his name was called). I have a pair Mr. FLETCHER. J\lay I suggest that it would be more with my colleague [Mr. RALSTON], who is absent on account of important to read tl1e report. illness in his family. Being unable to secure a transfer of that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will continue pair, I withhold my vote. the reading of the bill. The roll call was concluded. The principal legislative clerk resumed the reading of the .Mr. JONES of Washington. I desire to announce that the bill and read to the top of page 31. junior Senator from Kentucky (Mr. ERNST] is paired with Mr. HOWELL. Mr. P1·esident, certain items have been the enior Senator from Kentucky (Mr. STANLEY]. skipped by the clerk in the reading of the bill. I request that The result was announced-yeas 45, nays 24, as follows: the clerk read the bill entire; that he go back to where he YEA.s-45 skipped and read again. Are we to unde1·stand that when the Ashurst Cummins ·Keyes Sheppard bill is ordered to be read the clerk proposes to use his judg Ball Edge Ladd Simmons ment and skip parts of it? Bingham Edwards McKinley Smith Brookhart lfernald McNary Spencer · The PRESIDI~G OFFICER. The Chair understands that Bruce Ferris Means Sterling the clerk is to read the bill. Bursum George Metcalf Wadsworth llli·. HOWELL. And he is to read it entire. Now, I want Butler Gerry Moses Walsh, Mass. Cameron Gooding Oddie Weller to know if the clerk is going to assume the responsibility of Capper Hale Pepper Willis skipping certain items? Caraway Harrison Phipps Copeland Johnson, Minn. Ransdell The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk was directed by the Couzens Jones, N. Mex. Reed, Pa. Chair to read the bill in its entirety. NAYS-24 Mr. BRUCE. Mr. President, we all know that if the clerk Borah Frazier Howell Neely did skip he did no more than every clerk that I have ever Dale Glass Jones, Wash. Norris known to be connected with any legislative as embly at any Dial Greene Kendrick Reed, Mo. time has done occasionally. I am sure he has been guilty of Dill Harreld King Ship tead Fess Harris McCormick Smoot a very venial offense. Fletcher Heflin McKellar Swanson 1\Ir. KING. The request was made that the bill be read in NOT VOTING-27 its entirety. I agree with the Senator that, except where the Bayard Lenroot Ralston Trammell request is made to dispense with the reading, the bill shall be Brons ard McLean Robinson Underwood read in its entirety. Curti Mayfield Shields Walsh, Mont. Elkins Korbeck Shortridge Warren 1\fr. BRUCE. Of course, the clerk in the first instance Ernst Overman Stanfield Watson found it impossible to debrmine how far the requirement that Johnson, Calif. Owen Stanley Wheeler the bill should be read wa made merely for the purpose of La Follette Pittman Stephens obstruction or merely for the purpose of enlightenment. So Mr. SPENCER's motion was agreed to, and the Senate, as Mr. SWANSON. Mr. President, the rule of the Senate is in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill that when a Senator insists that a bill shall be read in its ( S. 56) for the allowance of certain claims for indemnity for entirety it shall be so read. Very frequently Senators do not spoliations by the French prior to July 31, 1801, as reported get unanimous consent to dispense with the formal reading by the Court of Claims, which had been reported from the of a bill and then there is certain latitude permitted in con Committee on Claims with amendments. nection with the reading, but if anyone objects the clerk can Ur. SPENCER obtained the floor. go back and read the bill in its entirety. However, when in~ .2850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 I structio:1 is given that the bill must be read in its entirety the On the vessel ship Catha1'ine, John Farraday, master, namely: rule of the Senate is that it must be so read, and the clerk The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $14,373.34. has no discretion. On the vessel ship Joanna, Philip Fosdick at fir t, afterwards Zeb Mr. SPENCER. There can be no doubt about that ques diel Coffin, master, namely : tion. To my regret, I must say, I think the clerk is faithfully T. B. Bleecker, jr., and Charles C. Leary, receivers of the New York following the rule and reading every word of the bill. If Insurance Co., $2,940. there has been any omission of a word or two, it doubtless has On the vessel brig Amelia, Benjamin Houston, master, namely: been an inadvertence. The president and cH.rectors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Mr. HOWELL. There were several items missed and I $12,740. would be glad to give a list of the items. I insist upon the 'l'he Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $2,450. reading of the bill and I am not doing so so1ely for the purpose On the vessel brig Betsey, John Cushing, master, namely: of taking up time. I want to have the bill read so that the The pr-esident and directors of the Insurance Co. of ~orth America, RECORD may show that insurance companies, claimants who $28,4.::!0. have received enormous premiums for the repayment of losses The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $19,600. which they have sustained, are now coming to the Government On the vessel brig SttBal~, Major Lines, master, namely: of the United States and asking the Government to pay those The New Haven Insurance Co., $3,822. losse again. On the vessel brig Hope, Richard Toppan, master, namely : Mr. SPENCER. That may solve our difficulty if that is the James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., 'reason of the Senator from Nebraska, and it is a \ery proper $3,465. reason. I therefore ask unanimous consent that the bill may On the vessel brig George Wasl!ington, John Devereux, master, be printed in its entirety in the RECORD, so that that fact may namely: !).ppear in the RECORD without the reading of the bill. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $7,840. Mr. HOWELL. I insist upon the bill being 1·ead in its en On the vessel brig Anthony, John Garrett, master, namely: tirety. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Mr. SWANSON. The clerk can not say anything and has $15,461. not the privilege of defending himself or offering any justifica On the vessel ship The Aretl!usa, Robert McKown, master, namely: tion. He has very sub tantially complied with the rule. I The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, have no doubt that he '\'\ill read exactly what is in the bill. $10,780. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will proceed with The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $1,764. the reading of the bill. On the vessel brig Clm·issa, Alexander Thomas, master, namely: The reading of the bill was resumed and continued to line 4, The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $11,363.13. page 76, the portion of the bill read being as follows : On the vessel ship Confederacy, Capt. Scott Jencke , master, namely: T. B. Bleecker, jr., and Charles C. Leary, receivers of the New Be U enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and be is York Insurance Co., $12,000. hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treas On the vessel schooner Isabella, Robet·t Mercer, master, namely : ury not otherwise appropriated, to claimants named in this act the The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America. t;everal sums appropriated herein, the same being in full for and the $9,900. receipt of the same to be taken and accepted ln each case as a full On the vessel brig The Maria, Samuel Taylor, master, namely: and final release and discharge of their respective claims, namely : The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, FRENCH SPOLIATION CLAIMS $5,880. To pay the findings of the Court of Claims on the following claims On the vessel snow Polly, Anthony Sankey, master, namely: for indemnity for spoliation by the French prior to July 31, 1801, The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, under the act entitled "An act to provide for the ascertainment of $23,2~8.94. On the vessel ship William, Richard Barker, master, namely : claims of American citizens for spoliations committed by the French The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North Americ~ prior to the 31st day of July, 1801," approved January 20, 1885: Pro $2,940. vided, That in all cases where the original sufferers were adjudicated On the vessel ship Friendship, John Rodgers, master, namely: bankrupts the awards shall be made on behalt of the next of kln in Da'Vid Stewart and John EJ. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland stead of to assignees ln bankruptcy, and that awards in the cases of Insurance Co., $24,566. individual claimants shall not be paid until the Court of Claims shall On the vessel ship Port Mat·y, Thomas Ilewitt, master, namely: certify to the Secretary of the Treasury that the personal representa John N. A. Griswold, trustee of the United Insurance Co. 1.'he Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $4,410. On the vessel schooner Ne-utrality, Elnathan Atwater, master, On the vessel schooner Ballahoo, Joseph Ripley, master, namely: namely: The president and direetors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The New Haven Insurance Co., $4,114.50. $12,463.34. On the vessel schooner Orange, Samuel Wheaton, master, namely: On the vessel snow Boston, Martin D. Dougherty, master, namely: The Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., trustee for the Providence The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America. Washington Insurance Co., $5,000. $1,819.90. On the vessel brig LOOy Walterstortf, John Gutterson, master, The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $3,332. namely: On the vessel brig Oonfiaenoe, Thomas Manning, master, namely: The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $4,000. David Stewart and John E . .Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, surance Co., $19,100. $18,058.20. On the vessel brig Out't"ier, Nehemiah Burr, master, namely: On the vessel snow Isa?Jella., James Helm, master, namely: The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, David Stewart and John El. Se-mmes, receivers of the Baltimore In- $19,600. surance Co., $6,860. , The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $9,800. On the ves el· brig Harrlot, Joseph Campbell, master, namely: On the vessel brig Diana, Richard Kirkbride, master, namely: The }>resident and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, $15,680. $986. On the vessel brig Thetl$, Wllllam Peterkin, master, namely: On the vessel brig Eleanor, James Treat, master, namely: The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, $17,150. $831.04. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $9,800. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In On the vessel brlg Hannah, John Blakeley, master, namely: surance Co., $5,950. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, On tbe vessel snow Fam.ny, Garrett Barry, master, namely : $2,940. The president and dlreetors of the Insurance Co. of North America, On the vessel sloop Farmer, George Klier, master, namely: $9,808. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, On the vessel brig Hope, Horace Church, master, namely : $3,283. • The New Haven Insurance Co., $2,744. . On the vessel sloop Sidney, Jared Bartholomew, master, namely: On the vessel brig Lad:v Washington, Stephen Selleck, master, The New Haven Insurance Co., $2,809. namely: On the vessel brig Olio, Richard M. Ball, master, namely: The president and direetors of the Insurance Co. of North Amelica, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In $5,061.93 . . surance Co., $12,000. On the vessel ship Pa.tapsco, Joshua W. Hill, master, namely: On the vessel sloop Betsey, Benjamin Rhodes, master, namely: David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In The Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., trustee for the Providence surance Co., $28,000. Washington Insurance Co., $3,600. On the vessel brig Sally, William Hampton, master, namely: On the vessel ship Ooncord, John Thompson, master, namely : The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $25,823. $19,600. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, On the vessel ship Two Sisters, Jacob Henery, master, namely: $27,507.74. The president and direetors of the Insurance Co. o! North America, On the vessel schooner Olive, George Smith, master, namely: $10,339. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $12,163.77. $2,940. On the vessel brig William, William Goe, master, namely: On the vessel snow Jenny, Hugh Lyle, master, namely: / The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The Insurance Co. of the· State of Pennsylvania, $2,500. $7,252. On the vessel brig Hannah, Samuel Cox, master, namely: On the vessel ship Jane, John Wallace, master, namely: The president and directors' of the Insurance Co. of North America, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In $2,940. surance Co., $19,502. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $14,'~00. On the vessel brig The Georgi{], Packet, John McKever, master, On the vessel brig North Oarolina, Richard West, master, namely: namely: John N. A. Griswold, trustee of the United Insurance Co. of the The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $833. City of New York, $1,568.• T!le president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America. On the vessel sloop Oygnet, James Hunt, master, namely: $1,960. The New Haven Insurance Co., $1,960. On the vessel schooner Hannah, Joseph Bright, master, namely: On the vessel sloop Henr,etta, Samuel Wasson, master, namely: David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In The New Haven Insurance Co., $2,450. surance Co., $4,666.66. On the vessel brig Polly, Henry Nicoll, master, namely: On the vessel ship JuLiana, Thomas Hayward, master, namely : The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore In $4,410. . surance Co., $1,400. On the vessel schooner Polly, Charles Ellms, master, namely : David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the :Maryland In James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., surance Co., $8,820. $944.23. On the vessel schooner Betsey ana Nancy, Samuel Eells, master, On the vessel schooner Arid, John Compton, master, namely: namely: David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In- Insurance Co., $17,512. surance Co., $3,550. On the vessel brig Industry, James Very, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Victo1·, Samuel Thrasher, master, namely: James G. Freeman, receivBr of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $2,450. $5,200. John N. A. Gr1swo1d, trustee of tlle Columbian Insurance Co., of the On the vessel brig Mercury, George Lee, master, namely: city of New York, $13,720. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland On the vessel brig Rosetta, Isaac Isaacs, master, namely : Insurance Co., $19,906.18. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In On the vessel ship Glasgow, Michael Alcorn, master, namely : surance Co., $11,760. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $19,110. - On the vessel snow Oharlotte, Cornelius Low, master, namely: The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore In $24,069.90. surance Co., ~10,600. On the vessel schooner George and Jane, Clark Elliott, master, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers ot the Maryland In- namely: surance Co., $12,200. The New Haven Insurance Co., $4,878.68. On the vessel brig Hi,·am, J. Humphreys, master, namely: On the vessel sloop Polly, William D. Wilson, master, namely: The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $3,528. The Insurance Co. of the State ot Pennsylvania, $6,646.97. The New Haven Insurance Co., $980. On the vessel schooner Midget, Lewis Hudgins, maocer, namely : T. B. Bleecker, jr., and Charles C. Leary, receivers of the New York The Insurance Co. of the State ot Pennsylvania, $2,363.55. Insurance Co., $1,764. On the vessel schooner Nymph, Thomas Corbett, master, namely: On the vessel brig Friendship, Noah Wheeden, master, namely: The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The New Haven Insurance Co., $4,704. $10,045. I 2852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 On the vessel schooner Ulalia., James Clifton, master, namely: George G. Sill, administrator of William Leavenworth, $1,199.25. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, The New Haven Insurance Co., $1,919.25. $5,206. On the vessel ship Sally Butler, Alexander Chisolm, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Success, Jonathan Glover, master, namely: Archibald Smith, administrator de bonis non of the estate of James James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., Seagrove, deceased, $6,311.41. $495. On the vessel brig ll'eptune, Hezekiah Flint, master, namely: On the. vessel schooner John Eason, John Cowper, master, namely: David Pingree, administrator of Thomas Perkins, deceased, $409.34. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of John McLean, deceased, $500. Insurance Co., $3,000. Arthur D. Hill, administrator of Benjamin Homer, deceased, $1,000. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Thomas K. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, deceased, 1,000. $3,968.15. On the vessel schooner Lucy, Eliakim Benham, master, namely : On the vessel schooner Eagle, Thomas Gray, master, namely: Frederick R. Sherman, executor of Roger Sherman, surviving partner James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., of the firm of Prescott & Sherman, $551.44. $49G.10. • Julius C. Cable, admini trator of William Walter, $275.72. On the vessel schooner Juno, Jonathan Thompson, master, namely: On the ves el ketch John, Henry Tibbetts, master,' namely: John N. A. Griswold, trustee of the United Insurance Co. of New Hasket Derby, administrator of Elias Hasket Derby, 12,962.92. York, ~1,950. On the vessel ship Ceres, Roswell Roath, master, namely : T. B. Bleecker, jr., and Charles C. Leary, receivers of the New York Donald G. Perkins, administrator of Daniel Dunham, $7,522.82. Insuran~ Co., $1,470. Donald G. Perkins, admiuistrator of Alpheus Dunham, 6,003.84. On the vessel brig S1tccess, Robert Clark, master, namely : Edmund D. Roath, administrator of Roswell Roath, $1,518.98. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Asahel \\illet, administrator of Jedediah Willet, $1,518.98. $14,674. Charles Francis Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $700. On the vessel schooner Conrad, John Osborn, master, namely: A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $800. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltim{)re H. Burr Crandall, administrator of 'l'homas Dickason, $1,000. Insurance Co., $17,118.50. William P. Perkins, executor, etc., of Thomas Perkins, $500. DaYid Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In On the vessel brig l!Jliza, Thomas Woodbury, jr., master, namely: surance Co., $11,393.60. Arthur L. Huntington, administrator of William Orne, 29,792.46. On the vessel sloop Sally Mariah, John Sells, ~ster, namely: Bayard Tuckerman, ad-linistrator of Walter Channing, surviving John N. A. Griswold, trustee of the Columbian Insurance Co. of partner o! Gibbs & Channing, $750. the City of New York, $1,960. Arthur L. Huntington, administrator of James Dunlap, $500. On the vessel brig PatriM, Richard Bishop, master, namely : William Ropes Trask, administrator of Thomas Amory, • 1,000. David S~ewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In Archibald M. Howe, administrator of Francis Green, $500. surance Co., $18,620. Harriet EJ. Sebor, administratrix of Jacob Sebor; $250. On the vessel brig Pomona, Reuben Coffin and Moses Bunker, mas Sat·ah L. Farnum, administratrix of Leffert Lefferts, $500. ters, namely : Louisa A. Starkweather, administratrix of Richard S. Hallett, $625. David Stewart and John EJ. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In Walter Bowne, administrator of Walter Bowne, $625. surance Co., $3,920. Robert B. Lawrence, administrator of John B: Bowne, $125. On the vessel ship Seymour, Paul Gould, master, namely: Walter S. Church and Walter S. Church, administrators of John David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore Barker Church, $2,000. Insurance Co., 19,600. Thomas W. Ludlow, administrator of Thomas Ludlow, $500. On the ve sel schooner Betsey ana ratsey, James Curtis, master, Francis R. Shaw, administrator of J. C. Shaw, $250. namely: On the vessel brig General Warren, Issachar Stowell, master, namely: David Stewart and John E. Semmes, recei;ers of the Baltimore Charles F. Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $6,406.68. Insurance Co., $13,457.81. Edmond D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, jr., $1,850. On the vessel brig Resolution, Alpheus Billings, master, namely : «Jeorge G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $9GO. Tbe Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., trustee for the Providence On the vessel ship Ci11cinnatus, William Martin, master, namely : Washington Insurance Co., $5,000. Richard H. Pleasants, administrator of Aquila Brown, jr., $2,486.75. On the vessel sloop Venus, Comfort Bird, master, namely: William A. Glasgow, jr., administrator of William P. Tebbs, David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland In- $2,560.20. 1!lurance Co., $1,060. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers_ of the Baltimore In· On the vessel schooner Tlwmas, Joseph Sanford, master, namely: surance Co., $9,800. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, On the vessel brig Pilgri'm, Priam Pease, master, namely: ~4,871.44. Nathaniel H. Stone, administl·ator of John 1.1. Forbes, surviving The Marine Insurance Co. of Alexandria, $1,736.75. partner of the firm o! J. M. & R. B: Forbes, $20,692.20. On the vessel schooner Henry Brightman, master, namely: Lttcy, Russell Bradford, administrator of Joseph Russell, $2,774.44. James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., On the vessel ship Venus, Henry Dashiell, master, namely: $375. David Stewart, administrator of William P. Stewart, surviving On the vessel brig Leonard, Samuel C. Hills, master, namely: partner of the firm of David Stewart & Sons, $6,766.50. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Elizabeth Campbell Murdock, administratrix of Archibald Campbell, $9,800. $6,766.50. On the vessel brig 01'ion, Frederick Hopkins, master, namely: Elizabeth H. Penn, administratrix of Thomas Higinbotham, $3,800. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Nicholas L. Dashiell, administrator of IIenry Dashiell, 1,570. $037.72. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore In· On the vessel brig Fly, James Merrihew, master, namely: surance Co., $19,600. The president and directQrs of the Insurance Co. of North America, On the vessel sloop Genet;a, Giles Savage, master, namely: $5,684. Charles F. Adams, administrator, etc., of Peter C. Brooks, $1,300. On the vessel ship Tom, John Bailey, master, namely : George G. King, administrator, etc., of Crowell Hatch, $800. James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., Thomas N. Perkins, administrator, etc., of John C. Jones, $700. $5,500.68. Francis l\I. Boutwell, administt·a tor, etc., of Benjamin Cobb, $500. On the vessel brig Robert Lord, master, namely: Ann, Margaret R. Riley, administratrix, etc., of Luther Savage, surviving James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co., partner of the firm of Riley, Savage & Co., 4,850. $26,730. On the vessel ship Aurora, Stephen Butman, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Hetty, William Manson, master, namely: Charles Francis Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, 2,500. Payton S. Coles and David Stewart, administrators of .John Stricker, $1,905. . Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $400. Henry Parkman, administmtor of John Duballet, sa,OOO. On the vessel schooner Spartan, Thomas C. Howe, master, namely : George G. King, adminLstratoi' of Crowell Hatch, 600. David Stewart and John E. Semmes, receivers of the Baltimore In William S. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $1,000. surance Co., $11,000. John W. Apthorp, administr·ator of Caleb Hopkins, $1,u00. On the vessel ship Washington, Aaron Foster, master, namely: Edward I. Browne, administmtor of Moses Brown, $400. Lucy Franklin Read McDonnell, executrix, etc., of George Pollock, Walter Hunnewell, administrator of Arnold Welles, jr., $31JO. surviving partner of Hugh Pollock & Co., $980. Nathan Matthews, administrator of Daniel Sargent, $500. On the vessel sloop Two Friends, Peter Pond, master, namely : A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, f500. George G. Sill, administrator of Peter Pond, $925.25. Daniel D. Slade, administrator of Daniel D. Rogers, $000. Charles F. Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $1,800. Walter Hunnewell, administrator of John We1les, $300. Seth P. Snow, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $1,000. William S. Carter, administrator of William Smith, $50(). 1925 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2853 William I. Monroe, administrator of John Brazer, $400. George P. Marvin, administrator of Stephen Alling, $476.42, A. H. Loring, administrator of Willianr Boardman, $105. Elihu L. Mix, administrator of Thomas Atwater, $476.42. Lawrence Bond, administrator of Nathan Bond, $400. . John C. Hollister, administrator of Austin Denison, $238.21. On the vessel ship Jane, James Barron, master, namely: The New Haven Insurance Co., $4,900. James L. Hubar John L. Rutgers, surviving executor of Nicholas G. Rutgers, 1lurviving James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston Marine Insurance Co.l partner of Benjamin Seaman & Co., $490. $2,6i5.52. Frances R. Shaw, administratrix of John C. Shaw, for and on behalf On the vessel brig Sally, John V. Villett, master, namely: of the firm of George Knox and John C. Shaw, $490. Henry Audley Clark, administrator de bonis non of Peleg Clark. Henry FJ. Young, administrator of William Craig, surviving partner- '$6,600. of Henry Sadler & Co., $490. · On the vessel brig Sally, Eden Wadsworth, master, namely: Elijah K. Hubbard, admini trator of Jacob Sebor, $490. Jame F. Adams, administrator of Seth Adams, $17,624.46. Walter Bowne, administrator of Walter Bowne, $245. On the vessel schooner Thetis, Russell Kilbourn, master, nam!'ly: Loui a A. Starkweather, administratrix of. Richard S. Hallett, $245. Dand Stewart and John El. Semmes, receivers of the Maryland Julia Battersby, administratrix of John B. Desdoity, 490. Insurance Co.., 6,246. George F. Scriba, administrator of George Scriba, for and on behalf On the vessel schooner Union, :Micajah Lnnt, master, namely: of the firm of George Scriba. n.nd William Henderson, $490. Nathaniel Moody, administrator of John Moody, $1,868.25. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Frances E. Andrews, administratrix of Stephen Tilton, $1,868.25 • $3,G54.10. .Amos Noyes, ~dministrator of Zebedee Cook, $250. On the vessel schooner Lovely LaSH, William Moore, master, namely: Amos Noyes, administrator of William Cook, $100. George H. Barrett, administrator of John Foster, $4,630. Joseph A. Titcomb, administrator of John W~lls, $200. c. Whittle S:uns, administrator of Conway Whittle, deceased, $300. Franklin A. Wilson, administrator of John Pearson, jr., $200. c. Whittle Sams, admini tra.tor of Francis Whittle, deceased, $300. Edmund D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, jr., $1,000. R. :Manson mith, administrator of Francis Smith, deceased, $300. Charles C. Donnell, .administrator of Joseph Toppan, $-200. James L. Hubard, administrator of William Pennock, deceased, $30;). On the vessel schooner Whim, John Boyd, master, namely: Barton Myers, administrator of Moses .Myer , deceased, $200. Frances Hieskell Ridout, administratrix de bonis non of William Bassett A. Mar den, administrato1· of Benjamin Pollard, deceased, Wilson, deceased, $10,443. $200. . On the vessel brig WilUmn, David Smith, master, namely : On the vessel ship Madison., Samuel Hn.ncock, master. namely : Fritz H. Jordan, adminijtrator of Leonard Smith, 3,343.66. Richard s. Whitney, administrator of John Skinner, jr., $9,274. Joseph A. Titcomb, administrator of John Wells, 90. On the vessel schooner Nancy, James Stephenson, master, namely: Francis A. Jewett, administrator of James Prince, $300. John N. A. Griswol!l, trustee of the United Insurance Co. of the William A. Hayes, 2d, administrator of Nathaniel A. Haven, . 200. City of New York, $5,390. Franklin A. Wilson, administrator of John Pearson, $Mi. On the v e~ s e l brig Xeretrality, William Clark, master, namely: Benjamin F. Peach, administrator of Mo es Savory, 45. 'fhe president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Jeremiah Nell:on, administrator of Jeremiah Nelson, 90. $12,358.16. Charles E. Plummer, administrator of William Cook, 45. Ou the vessel brig Pamela, Samuel Colby, master, namely: Arthur A. Noyes, administrator of Zebedee Cook, 90. llarry .R. Virgin, administrator of Josiah Cox, $1,483.48. Jane S. Gerrish, administratrix of Edward Tappan, 45. Henry B. Cleaves, administrator of William Chadwick, $1,883.48. Helen A. Pike, administratrix of John Pettingell, $135. Bas ~e tt A. Marsden, administrator of Benjamin Pollard, $405.42. Lawrence ll. H. Johnson, administrator of William Bartlet, $1,000. Joseph s. Webster, administrator of Thomas Webster, $200. Eben F. Stone, administrator of Nathan Hoyt, $45. Sarah H. Southwick, administratrix of Samuel F. Hussey, surviv Augusta H. Chapman, administratrix of Reuben Shapley, $200. ing partner of the firm of Hussey, Tabor & Co., S600. Henry B. Reed, administrator of Andrew Frothingham, 50. Harry R. Virgin, administrator of Arthur McLellan, 500. On the vessel brig Abigail, Jeremiah Tibbetts, jr., master, namely: Harry R. Virgin, administrator of Jonathan Stevens and Thomas William H. Sise, administrator of Ebenezer Tibbetts, $3,115. Hovey, composing the firm of Stevens & ~vey, 200. On the yessel sloop A11;na. Corbin, Thomas Justice, rna ter, namely: Harry R. Virgin, admini trator of David Smith, $300. John J. Wise, administrator of John Cropper, $3,300.75. Stephen Thacher, administrator of Woodbury Storer, $400. Henry G. White, administrator o! Thomas Cropper, $375. Harry R. Virgin, administrator of Robert Boyd, $450. On the vessel brig Aur01·a, James Phillips, jr., master, namely: Harry R. Virgin, administrator of Hugh McLellan, surviving partner Henry E. Young, administrator of William Craig, surviving partner of the firm of .Joseph McLellan & Son, $600. of Henry Sadler & Co., $490. Edmund D. Cod man, administrator of William Gray, $500. George F. Scriba, administrator of George Scriba, surv1vmg pa;·tner On the vessel brig Polly, Joseph Clements, master, namely: of the firm of George Scriba & William Henderson, $9 0. Harry R. Virgin, admini trator of Thomas Cross, $3,640. John L. Rutgers, surviving executor of Nicholas G. Rutgers, surnv· Harry R. Virgin, administrator of Greele-y Hannaford, $3,347. ing partner of the firm of Benjamin Seaman & Co., 490. On the vessel brig Rebecca, John B. Thurston, master, namely: Union Trust Co. of New York, admini.itrator of William Ogden, Sarah N. Baine and B. F. Haywood Shreve, administrators of Wil- $490. liam Bowne, $12,880. D. Fitzhugh Savage, administrator of John Savage, . 590.68. On the vessel brig Ruby, Luke Keefe, master, namely: Charlotte F. Smith, administratrix of William Jones, surviving Arthur P. Cu bing, administrator of Marston Watson, $1,596.30. partner of Jones & Clarke, $738.36. Frederic Dodge, administrator of Matthew Bridge, $9,240.34. Francis D. Lewis, administrato"l' of John MilleT, jr., 738.36. Thomas H. Perkins, surving executor of Thomas H. Perkins, for Sarah Learning, administratrix of Thomas :Murga.troyd, surriving and on behalf of the firm of Jam~ & Thomas H. Pel'kins, $117.25. partner of Thomas Murgatroyd & Sons, $738.36. eor"e G. King, administrator of James Scott, $1,064.20. Charles Prager, adminiEtrator of Ma1·k Prager, jr., surviving partner Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $532.10. of Pragers & Co., $738.35. William Ropes •.rrask, administrator of Thomas Amory, $1,704.70. William D. Squires, administrator of Henry Pratt, surviving parb1er Charles G. Davis, administrator of Isaac P. Davis, 532.10. of Pratt & Kintzing, $138.35. Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of Charles Sigourney, $425.68. Francis D. Lewis, administrator of Peter Blight, $738.35. Julia A. Catting, administratrix of Uriah Cotting, $532.10. A. wuis Eakin, admini"Strator o.f Chandler Price, surviving partner William G. Perry, administrator or Nicholas Gilman, $532.10. of 'li.Iorgan & Price, $738.35. John Lowell, administrator of Tuthill Hubbart, $532.10. William Brooke-Rawle, administrator of Jesse Wn.ln, 738.35. Fra.nk Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, 2,128.40. Frederick W. Meeker, administrator of Samuel Meeker, $590.68. Charles A.. Welch, administrator of William Stackpole, $640.50. Charles D. Vasse, administrator of Ambrose Vasse, $738.35. :Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, 15,856.60. Craig D. Ritchie, administrator of Joseph Summert, sm'Viving IXU'tner Walter Hunnewell, administrator of John Welles, 532.10. of Summerl .& Brown, $531.62. Jame S. Engli b, administrator of Thomas English, $319.26. 'fhe Insurance Co. of the tate of Pennsylvania, $7,38:~.52. Nathan Matthews, jr., administrator of Daniel Sargent, $638.52. On the vessel schooner Benja, Samuel 0. now, maste-r, namely: Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of Eben Preble, $532.10. Charles F. Adams, administrator of Pete"!' C. Brooks, . 700. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, 1,596.30. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $GOO. Charles A. Davis, administrator of Samuel Brown, $3,192.60. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John . Jones, 500. Robert Grant, administrator of Will Powell, $1,064.20. John Lowell, jr., administrator ot Tuthill Hubbart, $500. Morton Prince, administrator of James Prince, $532.10. Chandler Robbins, administrator of Joseph Rus ell, surviving part~ Gordon Dexter, administrator of Samuel Dexter, 532.10. ner of Jeffrey & Russell, i>OO. George C. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $1,064.20. ·athan 1\Iatthews, jr., administrator o! Daniel Sargent, $500. Chandler Robbins. administrator of Jo..,eph Russell, for and on behalf William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $400. of the firm of Jeffrey & Rus ell, $1,064.20. On the vessel brig .Betsey, Daniel .Boyer, master, IUUDely : Daniel W. Waldron, administrator of Jacob Sheafe, $532.10. Samuel Abbott Fowle, administrator of the ~state of George Mal{e Edmund D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, 2,128.40. peace, deceased, assignee of amuel Dowse, $11,250.75, the ~am e not Francis )L Boutwell, administrator of Benjamin Cobb, $1,064.20. being an assigned claim within the meaning of t\lis act, but an a ~ s et Archibald M. Howe, administrator of Francis Green, $1,064.20. transferred by Samuel Dowse to George Makepeace on the 17th day o-f ' 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 2855 ·-c. May, 1798, for the sum of $11,400, and prior to the ratification of the George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $400. :treaty of September 30, 1800. On the vessel brig Ft·anklin, Andrew Morris, master, namely : On the >essel schooner Betsie, George Hastie, master, namely: The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $5,880. Frederick W. Meeker, administrator of Samuel Meeker, $440.96. On the -ressel schooner Ft'ie-ndship, William Blanchard, master, Charles D. Vasse, administrator of Ambrose Vasse, $735. namely: A. Louis Eakin, administrator of Chandler Price, surviving partner Charles F. Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,100. of Morgan & Price, $735. Daniel W. Waldron, administrator of Jacob Sheafe, 500. George W. Guthrie, administrator of Alexander Murray, surviving Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $700. partner of Miller & Murray, $887.55. Arthur D. Hill, administrator of Benjamin Homer, '1500. William Miffiin, administrator of Ebenezer Large, $443.78. James C. Davis, administrator of Cornelius Durant, $500. Henry Pettit, administrator of Andrew Pettit, surviving partner o! Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $800. Pettit & Bayard, $710.04. George G. King, administrator of James Scott, $500. Richard C. Mc:\furtrie, admini trator of Daniel W. Coxe, $443.77. William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $500. William R. 'Fisher, administrator of William Read, surviving partnH On the vessel brig Geot·ge, Jacob Greenleaf, master, namely: of William Read & Co., $621.29. Helen N. Pike, administratrix of John Pettengil, $5,153.03, The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Joseph W. Thompson, administrator of David Coffin, $100. $4,219.84. Joseph L. Wheelwright, administrator of Moses Savory, $200. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $718.59. James S. Gerrish, administrator of Edward Toppan, $300. On the ve sel brig Brothe"l's, George Parsons, master, namely: George Otis, administrator of Joseph l\Iarquand, $100. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,100. Amos Noyes, administrator of Zebedee Cook, ~ 200. Chandler Robbins, administrator of Joseph Russell, surviving partuer Amos Noyes, administrator of William Cook, $100. of Jeffrey & Russell, $500. Eben F. Stone, administrator of Nathan Hoyt, $100. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,136.70. Hf.>nry B. Reed, administrator of Andrew Frothingham, $100. David G. Haskins, administrator of David Greene, $1,048. Luther R. Moore, administrator of William Boardman, $100. On the vessel schooner Centurian, Philip Greely, master, namely: Charles C. Donnelly, administrator of Joseph Toppan, $100. Stuyvesant T. V. Jackson, administrator of Levi Cutter, $777.14. Francis A. Jewett, administrator of James Prince, $GOO. Mabel Sargent, administratrix of Jacob Mitchell, surviving partner Fritz H. Jordan, administrator of Leonard Smith, $500. of Buxton & Mitchell, $777.14. Franklin A. Wilson, administrator of John Pearson, jr., $300. On the vessel schooner Cony, William Mariner, master, namely: Jeremiah Nelson, administrator of Jeremiah Nelson, $200. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $4,516.06. IIenry P. Toppan, administrator of Joshua Toppan, $100. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $752.68. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,000. A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $1,505.36. William Ropes Trask, administrator of Thomas Amory, 1,000. George G. King, administrator of James Scott, $376.34. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,000. William P. Perkins, administrator of Thomas Perkins, $376.34. On the vessel brig George, Charies Taylor, master, namely : Charles A. Welsh, administrator of William Stackpole, $376.34. ~'he Marine Insurance Co. of Alexandria, $7,735. Walter Hunnewell, administrator of John Wells, $376.34. On the >essel schooner G1·eyhottnd, Sylvanus Snow, master, namely : Walter Hunnewell, administrator of Arnold Wells, jr., $376.34. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $700. Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $376.33, A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $750. David G. Haskins, administrator of David Greene, $752.67. On the vessel schooner Hannah, James H. \oax, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Columbus, Benjamin Mason, master, namely: Cha.rles U. Cotting, administrator of David W. Child, $309.27. Samuel M. Came, administrator of John Low, $1,583. Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of William Marshall, jr., 309.28. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $4.25. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,000. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $250. Morton Prince, administrator of James Prince, 500. On the vessel brig Diana, John Walker, master, namely: A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $1,000. Francis ~L Boutwell, admini.strator of Thomas Geyer, $2,285.70. Chandler Robbins, administrator of Joseph Russell, for and on behal! Edmund D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, $2,000. of the firm of Jeffrey & Russell, $1,000. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $500. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,000. Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $500. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $1,000. William Ropes Trask, admini trator of Thomas Amory, $250. Nathan Matthews, jr., adminish·ator of Daniel Sargent, $416.67. William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $250. Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $583.33. On the vessel brig Dove, William MeN. Watts, master, namely: Henry Parkman, administrator of John Lovett, $250. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, 1,000. On the ves el schooner Hazard, Barnabus Young, lllilster, namely: Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, 3,000. Joshua D. Upton, administrator of Eben Parsons, $7,218.59. A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, 1,000. On the vessel schooner Hero, Convers Lilly, master, namely: William R. Trask, administrator of Thomas Amory, $500. Walter L. Hall, administrator of Samuel Davis, $2,858.50. William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $500. Ann W. Davis, administratrix of Jonathan Davis, $2,858.!10. On the vessel brig Eli:.a, Christopher O'Conner, master, namely: William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $250. Samuel Bell, administrator, etc., .of John Godfrey Wachsmuth, Daniel W. Waldron, administrator of Jacob Sheafe, $125. $2,7!)3. Elisha Whitney, administrator of Thomas Stevens, for and on behalf The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, of the fit·m of John and Thomas Ste>ens, $150. $6,860. Thomas H. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $150. 'l'he Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, 17,719.83. William Ropes Trask, adminish·ator of Thomas Amory, $250. On the vessel brig Fanny, John Gould, master, namely: George G. King, administrator of James Scott, $125. Mary Wise Moody, administratrix of Daniel Wisf.>, $788.18. Nathan Matthews, administrator of Daniel Sargent, S125. Albert M. Welch, administrator of Thomas Perkins, third, $1,845. Henry B. Cabot, administrator of Daniel D. Rogers, $125. Edmnnd D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, 1,883.33. James C. Davis, administrator of Cornelius Durant, $250. On the vessel- sloop Farmer, John Grow, ma ter, namely: Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $125. Francis M. Boutwf.>ll, administrator of William Marshall, jr., A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Tuthill Hubbart, $150. ,$2,418.32. On the vessel schoonC'r Hiram, Ebenezer Barker, master, namely: Fmncis M. Boutwell, administrator of Benjamin Cobb, $465. Moses Sherwood, administrator for the estate of David Coley, jr., William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $930. $2,000. Nathan Matthews, jr., admini trator of Daniel Sargent, $46:>. On the vessel sloop Hiram, Pardon Sheldon, master, namely: Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $465. The Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co., trustee for the Pro>idence Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $465. Wa hington Insurance Co., $3,500. James C. Davis, administrator of Cornelius Durant, !1:465. On the vessel sloop Honor, William Kimball, master, namely: Arthur D. Hill, administrator of Benjamin Homer, $465. Charles F. Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,000. William R. Trask, administrator of Thomas Amory, $651. A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, 475. George G. King, administrator of James Scott, Si465. George G. King, administrator of James Tisdale, $3 0. · Charles K. Cobb, administratOT of Stephen Codman, $465. Francis M. Boutwell, actministrator of Joseph Cordi~, $380. On the vessel schooner Fortune, William Hubbard, master, namely: George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, ~ 475. Mary W. Moody, administratrix of Daniel Wise, $108. On the ve sel brig Hope, Jo eph Bright, master, namely: Edmund D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, $600. E. Francis Riggs, administrator of James Lawrason, deceased, sur On the vessel sloop Fo:r, Nathaniel Dennis, master, namely: viving partner of Shreve & Lawrason, $74!>.50. Edmund D. Codman, administrator of William Gray, jr., $600, Lawrence Stabler, administrator of William Hartshorne, deceased, Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $1,000. remaining partner of. William llartshorne & Sons, $3,345. 2856' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 2 D. Fitzhugh Savage, administrator <>f John Savage, $490. Daniel W. Salisbury, survirlng executor of Samuel Salisbury, Francis A. Lewis, administrator of Peter Blight, $-4.90. $2,089.83. Charles ~fcCa.fferty, administrator of Samuel Blodgett, $490. Louis Higgin.c;on, administrator of Stephen Iligginson, $2,089.83. Sarah Lea.ming, administratrix of Thomas Murgatroyd, $490. Charles F. Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $4,500. J. Bayard Henry, administrator of John Leamy, $490. Robert Cadman, administ~ator of William Gray, $1,000. Francis R. Pemberton, administrator of John CliJiord, surviving George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $1,000. partner of Thomas & John CliJiord, $490. A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $1,000. Samuel Bell, administrator of John G. Wachsmuth, $490. On the vessel brig Mary, Robert Holmes, master, namely: Crawford D. Hening, administrator of James Crawford, surviving Edmund D. Codman, administrator of the estate of Wllliam Grny, partner of James Crawford & Co., $490. deceased, $~,960. Crawford D. Hening, administJ:ator of Abijab Dawes, $392. William I. Monroe, adminisb·ator of the estate of John Brazer, Henry Pettit, administrator of Charles Pettit, $833. deceased, $115. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of Korth America, On the vl'ssel schooner Neptune, Comfort Bird, master, namely: $5,917.52. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,129.08. On the vessel ship Hope, Sylvester Bill, master, namely: George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $851.63. Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Broolis, $7,000. A. Lawrence Lowell, administrator of Nathaniel Fellowes, $425.82. Chandler Robbins, administrator of Joseph Russell, surviving partner Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $600. of Jefl'rey & Russell, $1,000. Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, 600. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,000. William S. Carter, administrator of William Smith, $532. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $1,000. John Lowell, administrator of Tuthill Hubbart, $532. On the vessel schooner Isabella, Lewis Lombard, master, namely: Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of John :McLean, $266. Charles L. De Normandie, administrator of Benjamin Smith, Samuel Abbott Fowle, administrator of George Makepeace, $489.86~ $1,760.25. J ames G. Freeman~ receiver of the Bol'!ton Marine Insurance CD., Nathan Matthews, administrator of Daniel SaTgent, $338.06. $1,300. Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,000. On the vessel brig Peggy, John Hour. ton, master, namely: George G. King, adminisb·ator of James Scott, $600. Charles F. Mayer, administrator of Henry Konig, $3,797.87. William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $600. Charles F. ~yer , surviving executor of Frederick Konig, $3,797.87. Jonathan I. Bowditch, administrator of Benjamin Pickman, $500. The Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania, $23,49 .21. Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $500. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America, Augustua P. Loring, administrator of William H. Boardman, $400. $5,194. David G. 'Haskins, administrator of David Greene, $500. On the vessel sloop Pr•tldent, ·Matthew Kemp, master, namely: Charles K. Cobb, administrator of Stephen Codman, $400. David Stewart and John E. Semm-es, receivers of the :Maryland In A. Lawrence Lowell, ailininlstrator of Tuthill Hubbart, $500. surance Co, $4,700. James G. Freeman, receiver of the Boston :Marine Insurance Co., 'l'he president and directors of the Insurance Co. of North America. $1,500. $490. On the vessel sloop James, Robert Palmer, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Rebecca, hllldmay Smith, master, namely : George Meade, administrator of the estate of Anthony Butler, Lewis Christian Mayer, administrator of Christian Mayer, $8,779.77. $4,533. Leigh Bonsai, administrator of Adrian Valek, $8,779.77. On the vessel schooner Jenny, George Walker, master, namely: On the vessel schooner Sally, Timothy Davis, master, namely: Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, 500. Charles F. Trask, administrator of Samuel Babson, $2,600. George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $500. On the vessel ship Sarah, Joseph Breek, master, namely: Alice S. Wheeler, administratrix of Abiel Winship, $3,670.06. Brooks .Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $1,174.60. On the vessel sloop Julia, William Green, master, namely : Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $250.80. Silas R. Holmes, administrator of Ebenezer Holmes, $851.50. Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of Benjamin Cobb, $167.80. Wilbur S. Comstock, administrator of Phineas Parmalee, $851.50. James S. English, administrator of Thomas English, 83.!:l0. Stephen L. Selden, administrator of Richard E. Selden, $851.50. Arthur P. Cushing, administrator of Marston Watson, $167.80. Franklin Little, executor of Noah Bulkley, $851.50. • Walter Hunnewell, administrator of John Welles, $83.90. On the vessel schooner Juno, William Burgess, master, nam£>ly: Morton Prince, administrator of James Prince, $83.90. Cazenove G. Lee, administrator of James Patton, surviving partner Gordon Dexter, administrator of Samuel Dexter, $83.90. of the firm of Patton & Dykes, $7,066.66. Nathan Matthews, jr., administrator of Daniel Sargent, 116.20. John W. Apthorp, administrator of William Foster, $1,000. Daniel W. Waldron, administrator of Jacob Sheafe, $83. William I. Monroe, administrator of John Br~lZer, $1,000. Charles K. Cobb, administrator of Stephen Codman, 83. William S. Carter, administrator of William Smith, 800. George G. King, administrator of James Scott, $83. H. Burr Crandall, administrator of Thomas Dickason, jr., ~500. Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $83. Nathan Matthews, administrator of Daniel Sargent, $500. Arthur D. Hill, administrator of Benjamin Homer, $83. Augustus P. Loring, administrator of William Boardman, $1,000. Henry W. Edes, administrator of John May, $83. Lawrence Bond. administrator of Nathan Bond, $500. John 0. Shaw, administrator of Josiah Knapp, $83. David Greene Haskins, administrator of David Greene, $500. William Ropes Trask, administrator of Thomas Amory, $166. William G. Perry, administrator of Nichola Gilman, $500. H. Burr Crandall, administrator of Thomas Cushing, $66.40. William A. Hayes, 2d, administrator of Eliph.alet Ladd, $500. Jonathan I. Bowditc~ administrator of Benjamin Pickman, $83. Montgomery Fletcher, administrator of John Walter Fletcher, for Arthur T. Lyman, administrator of Theodore Lyman, $83. and on behalf of the firm of Fletcher & Otway, $333.33. Charles K. Cobb, administrator of John Codman, $166. On the vessel schooner Kitty, Jacob Singleton, master, namely: William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $166. Ormes B. Keith, surviving executor of Samuel Keith, surviving Elisha Whitney, administrator of Thomas Stephens, for and on be· partner of the firm of William & Samuel Keith, $1,461.76. half of the firm of .John & Thomas Step-hens, 09.60. The president and directors of the Insurance Co. of ~orth America, John Lowell, administrator of Tnthill Hubbart. $83. $5,858. Frank Dabney, administrator of Samuel W. Pomeroy, $166. On the vessel .schooner Lewis, George Ropes, mn.ster, namely: W. Rodman Peabody, administrator of Daniel D. Rogers, $132.80. John N. A. Griswold, trustee of the United Insurance Co. of the On the vessel sloop Scrub, John Russell, master, namely: City of New York, $5,540. Newton Dexter, administrator of the estate of Joseph Martin, de- On the vessel schooner Liberty, Asa Williams, master, namely: ceased, $300. Brooks Adams, administrator of the estate of Peter Chardon On the '"es el brig Sophia, Ambx·o e Shirley, master, namely : Brooks, deceased, $2,500. James L. Hubard, administrator of William Pennock, $473.11. George G. King, administrator of the estate of Crowell Hatch, Bassett A. Marsden, administrator of Benj:unin Pollard, $294. deceased. $500. John Neely, administrator of John Cowper, surviving partner of David Greene Haskins, administrator of the estate of David Greene, Jonn Cowper & Co., $490. deceased, $1,960. R. Manson Smith, administrator of Francis Smith, $196. On the vessel schooner Little Fan11y, Peter Fosdick, roaster, namely : The president and directors of the In urance Co. of North America, Samuel J. Randall, administrator of Matthew Randall, , 2,260. $4,934.32. Charles D. Vasse, administrator of Ambrose Vasse, $490. On the vessel schooner Swan, Samuel Shaw, master, namely: Charles Prager, administrator of Mark Prager, jr., for and on behalf George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $500. of Pragers & Co., ., !>80. Morton Prince, administrator of James Prince, $:100. Franci- A.. Lewis, administrator of Peter Blight, 980. William P. Dexter, administrator of Samuel J)(>xter. $300. On tbe vessel brig L11cy, ChristopheJ' Grant, master, namely: Thoma N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $400. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2857 On the vessel schooner Syh;antts, Edward D. Baker, master, namely: Ashurst Edge Ladd Shields Nathan Matthews, jr., administrator of Daniel Sargent, $600. Ball Edwards McCormick Shipstead Bayard Fernald l\IcKellar Simmons Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of John C. Jones, $1,700. Bingham Ferris McKinley Smith Charles K. Cobb, administrator of Stephen Codman, $700. Boriill Fess McLean Smoot William G. Perry, administrator of Nicholas Gilman, $700. Brookhart Fletcher McNary Spencer Broussard Frazier Mayfield Sterling Edward I. Browne, administrator of Israel Thorndike, $600. Bruce George Metcalf Swanson Henry Parkman, administrator of John Lovett, $300. Bursum Glass Moses Trammell John Lowell, jr., administrator of Tuthlll Hubbart, $800. Butler Hale Neely Underwood Cameron Harris Norbeck Wadsworth Arthur D. IIill, administrator of Benjamin Homer, $500. Capper HefUn Norris Walsh, Mass. James C. Davis, admlnlBtrator of Cornelius Durant, $1,400. Caraway Howell Oddle Walsh, Mont. Chandler Dobbins, administrator of Joseph Russell, surviving partner Copeland Johnson, Callf. Overman Watson Couzens Johnson Minn. Pepper Weller of Jeffery & Russell, $800. Curtis Jones, N. MeL Phipps Wheeler George G. King, administrator of Crowell Hatch, $500. Dale Jones, Wash. Reed, M(). Willis On the vessel schooner Syren, Jared Arnold, master, namely : Dial Kendrick Reed, Pa. Dill King Sheppard Charles J. Bo.naparte, administrator of Benjamin Williams, $3,064.58. David Stewart, administrator of William Wood, jr., $3,064.58. The PRESIDING OFFIOER. Seventy~four Senators having David Stewart, administrator of Henry Payson, $3,064.58. answered to their names, a quorum is present. The Senator . Henry W. Ellicott, administrator of William McFadon, $532.60. from Pennsylvania will proceed. James Lawson, administrator of Richard Lawson, $532.60. Mr. PEPPER. l\Ir. President, I desire to make a few re~ Richard Dalafield, administrator of John Dalafield, surviving partner marks respecting the pending treaty between. the United States o.f Church & Dalafield, $1,716.80. and the Republic of Cuba. Nothing that I shall have to say On the vessel sloop Townse11cl, Daniel Campbell, master, namely: will have any value for such Senators as have had an oppor William 0. McCobb, administrator of the estate o! William McCobb, tunity to study for themselves the questions raised by the $2,111.11. treaty, but I am informed that a number of Senators have William 0. McCobb, administrator of the estate of Joseph Campbell, not had that opportunity, and it has occurred to me that it $1,111.11. . may be of some help to them if I state as briefly and as clearly Jennie EJ. McFarland, administratrix of the estate of Ephraim Me~ as I can the considerations which have led me to conclude that Farland, $483.96. my vote should be cast in favor of the ratification. Those Francis 1\I. Boutwell, administrator of the estate oi Benjamin Cobb, considerations are of two sorts-practical and legal. jr., $500. First, as to the practical questions; because it seems to me Archibald M. Howe, administrator of the estate ot Francis Greene, that when the pending treaty is considered as a practical $500. measure for the solution of an existing difficulty, many Sena William Ropes Trask, administrator of the estate of Thoma.s Amory~ tors will be enabled to make up their minds to vote for its $500. ratification without concerning themselves with the nicer ques Thomas N. Perkins, administrator of the estate of John C. Jo.nes, tions of international law which are involved. $500. The first question I ask myself in approaching the prac tical consideration of the matter is, what is the present status On the vessel schooner Ttoo Oousins1 Elijah Devall, master, n~ly: Horace El. llayden, administrator of David H. Conyngham, surviving of American residents in the Isle of Pines, because most of the partner of Conyngham, Nesbit & Co., $8,012.13. opposition to the ratification of the treaty comes from those The president and directors of. the Insurance Co.. of North America, who in good faith believe that by opposing its ratification they $9,800. are rendering a substantial service to those of our fellow citi On the ve el schooner Unitv, J. W. Larouche, master, namely : zens who are residents in the Isle of Pines. It is not easy to David Stewart, administrator of Henry :r.Iessonnier, $4,467.08. determine just how many of them there are, but I apprehend On the vessel schooner Ve1ws, Benjamin· Hooper, master, namely: that a thousand is a fah· estimate of the number of Americans Brooks Adams, administrator of Peter C. Brooks, $2,000. resident there, and I believe it also to be a fair statement of James S. English, administrato.r of"Thomas English, $500. the case to say that there are about 10 American residents George G. King, administrator of Cro\Vell Hatch, $1,000. on the mainland of Cuba for every one on the Isle of Pines. Daniel W. Waldron, administrator of Jacob Sheafe, $500. Now these people, American residents on the mainland of Francis M. Boutwell, administrator of Benjamin Cobb, $1,000. Cuba and A.m.erican residents on the Isle of Pines, are in pre ci ely the same position as respects rights, governmental privi GOOD ROADS lege, and national protection. All alike are living their lives The PRESIDING OFFICER (l\!r. FEss in the chair). The under the Cuban Government. The Cuban flag flies over all hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the Chair lays before the alike. All alike enjoy the same privileges. All of them are Senate the unfinished business, which will be stated. entitled to the same degree of protection. American residents The READIKG CLERK. A bill (H. R. 4971) to amend the act in the Isle of Pines, for example, enjoy the privilege of the entitled "An act to provide that the United States shall aid Cuban differential under the tariff laws and ar-e enabled to the States in the construction of rural post roads, and for export from the island and import into the United States their other purpose ," approved July 11, 1916, as amended and sup products upon the same terms as American citizens and others plemented, and for other purposes. living in the mainland of Cuba. They all get the benefit of l\1r. STERLING. Mr. President, I understand it is the de· the 20 per cent differential. Of com·se, it is true that the Gov sire to have an open executive session of the Senate in order ernment of the United States owes the same duty of protec that the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. PEPPER] may pro tion to American citizens in the one place as in the other. ceed with a speech on the Isle of Pines treaty. I therefore It is also true that the government of the Isle of Pines is ask una.nimous consent that the unfinished business be tempo~ theoretically in a different position from the government of rarily laid aside for that purpose. 1 the mainlnnd of Cuba. It is said that the Government of Cuba, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the re as re.. pects the mainland, is a de jure government, and that the quest of the Senator from South Dakota? The Chair hears Government of Cuba as respects the Isle of Pines is a de facto none, and the unfinished business is temporarily laid aside for government. But the practical difference is immaterial so far the purpose stated. as the citizen is concerned. The difference is one having to do with a difference in international status, a subject with which ISLE OF PINES TREATY I shall presently deal. But so far as the citizen is concerned, ~lr. BORAH. Mr. President, I move that the Senate pro~ his position is the same whether the government under which ceetl in oven executive session to the consideration of the he is living is de facto or de jure. treaty with Cuba with reference to the Isle of Pines. Mr. 1\-fcCORlfiCK. Mr. President-- The motion was agreed to ; and the Senate in open executive The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn se1-1. ion and as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consid sylvania yield to the Senator from Illinois? eration of the treaty between th-e United States and Cuba, Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from Illinois. signed March 2, 190-:l, for the adjustment of title to the owner Mr. McCORMICK. Will not the Senator speak of the posi ship of the Isle of Pines. tion of the citizen with regard to his relation to the municipal Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a government in the Isle of Pines and the Cuban court sitting in quorum. the Isle of Pines? The PRESIDI~G OFFICER. The Clerk will call the roll. Mr. PEPPER. I will do that if the Senator will permit me The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to to deal with that phase of the subject when I come to a dis~ their names : cussion of its legal aspects. At the moment I wish to make a 2858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 few broad observations respecting the purely practical aspects is in the air. If a treaty were before us carrying title to us, of the matter. we would reject the treaty; and so the question is, whether or The second observation that I have to make under the head not we shall yield or relinquish such claim as we may have to of practical considerations is that if the present treaty is re that which we do not want, and shall do it, as I believe we jected by the Senate, the status of American citizens in the ought, in such fashion as not in the least to prejudice the Isle of Pines will be precisely what it is to-day and what it has rights of American citizens resident on the Isle of Pines as been from the beginning. I want to lay emphasis upon that, compared with the ample rights of our fellow citizens who are because I find that there are many Senators who imagine that living their lives on the mainland of Cuba. the question at issue before the Senate is whether the treaty Mr. EDGE and lli. COPELAND addressed the Chair. shall be rejected and thereby an advantage conferred upon The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn American residents in the Isle of Pines, or whether the treaty sylvania yield ; and if so, to whom? shall be ratified and the status which they now have be lost Mr. PEPPMR. I yield to the Senator from New Jersey. to them by such ratification. I venture to assert with confi Mr. EDGE. The Senator from Pennsylvania is developing dence that if the treaty is rejected, the American citizens in his argument from the standpoint of the practical effect, using the Isle of Pines will have the same status after rejection as his own expression, of leaving the situation in the air as it is they have to-day and as they have had since the beginning. to-day without the ratification of the treaty. From a practical ' Perhaps the best way to make that clear is to remind our standpoint, in what condition will the residents of the Isle of selves of the fact that the present treaty which is pending for Pines be comparatively if the treaty is left in the air or if we our consideration was preceded by another treaty negotiated in ratify the treaty with Cuba? In other words, the residents 1903, identical in terms, but cont.aining a provision that it was on the island are the ones who are complaining to the Senate effective only if ratified within seven months. That treaty and the colmtry. Upon what :premises are they complaining failed of ratification by the Senate within the seven months. from the practical standpoint? The consequence was that the lapse of the former treaty by Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I have not seen or heard an~· the terms which it contained produced the status of which the very succinct statement of the grounds of their opposition w American residents in the Isle of Pines are now complaining. the present treaty. I can imagine, however, that an American It is precisely the situation that would result if the Senate resident of the Isle of Pines would be extremely hopeful that were to reject the pending treaty by refusal to ratify it. . at some time or other the Isle of Pines would be an integral The American resident would be in the same position as he part of the territory of the United States, because iri that event is to-day until another treaty were negotiated and ratified, he would have the great advantage of the importation of his precisely opposite in its terms, vesting ultimate title to the products into this country without being met by the demand Isle of Pines in the United States. for duty at the boundary line. :Ur. President, the question is not as between title in the I can imagine that any loyal citizen of the United States United States and title in Cuba, as I shall presently show, but greatly prefers to live under the American :flag rather than it is a question between title in Cuba and title in the air. At to live under any foreign :flag, and we all sympathize with that present the title to the Isle of Pines is in the air ; the rejection desire; but if the Senator from New Jersey asks me what the of this treaty would leave it in the air, and the title can be practical difference is between tl1e status of a resident of tile drawn down on our side of the fence only by a treaty opposite Isle of Pines with this treaty ratified and unratified, my an in terms carrying the title into the United States of America. swer is that there is no discernible difference, so far as I can Mr. President, I beg Senators who desire to consider this as perceive, except that should the treaty be ratified, Cuba will n practical proposition to a k themselves whether this intoler have a jurisdiction over the island which will be unimpeachable able condition of uncertainty is to remain indefinitely and from any source, whereas at present, as a theoretical matter, whether there is any practical way to end the uncertainty ex her sovereignty is subject to impeachment by action of the cept by ratifying this treaty. Some one will ay that one way United States. So, if I correctlY apprehend the Senator's ques to end the uncertainty is by negotiating another treaty oppo- tion, my answer to it from my own viewpoint is that the Amer ite in terms, but I ask anyone who makes that suggestion ican citizen, resident in the Isle of Pines, has nothing to gain . eriously to consider whether any Pre. ident of the United from the defeat of this treaty, excepting the fanning of such States would initiate a negotiation with Cuba of a treaty to faint flame of hope as he may have that some day this question carry into our ownership and pos ession another Caribbean will be settled in such fashion that the Isle of Pines will be island, and if a President of the United States were to nego come incorporated into the territory of the United States. I tiate such a treaty, I ask Senators to inquire of themselves have tried to give my reasons for thinking that if that question whether Cuba by any po sibility could be led to agree to such were to come before the Senate in the form of a treaty nego a ce sion? Even if one were to suppose that Cuba would con tiated for the purpose, it would meet with unhesitating rejec· sent to the ce sion, as if one were to suggest ceding Staten tion not merely by the constitutional majority but by an actual Island to a foreign power, and even if a President of the majority of this body. United States were to initiate uch a negotiation, I ask Sena Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President-- tors to inquire of themselves whetller such a treaty would The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn stand the remotest chance of being ratified by the Senate? sylvania yield to the Senator from New York? Just imagine, l\Ir. President, that instead of the treaty that Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from New York. we have before us we had a treaty carrying title to the Isle of Mr. COPEI.JAND. Does the Senator think that rejection Pines into the United States of America, negotiated by the would occur if the Senate were convinced we really own the President and sent here for our action, is it conceivable that Isle of Pines? even a majority of Senators in this body would agree to take Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, it is not a question of l'UCh action as would carry possession and ownership of an whether or not the Senate can be convinced of whether we other Caribbean island to the United States-an i land, by the own it, because by the common consent of those who stand on way, which by competent naval authorities is stated to have either side of this proposition we do not own the Isle of no value for naval purposes-with the re ponsibilities incident Pines. The most that we have is a right to have its ownership to sovereignty and the expense incident to government? Are settled by treaty, and at the present time, according to the we going to embark upon a further colonial expansion in this municipal law of both countries, its ownership is in the air. 1·egard? If not, why, in the name of common en e, should we Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I can not speak for any leave the title to this island in the air by rejecting the only body else, but my studies have convinced me that the Isle treaty which will settle the question in the way in which, it of Pines was ceded with the other Spanish islands under seems to me, it ought to be settled and defer until the indefinite Article II of the treaty with Spain. I concede at once, as I future action which, if it shall ever be put up to us in the have heretofore done in the Senate, that Cuba has a moral form of such a treaty as I have indicated, would undoubtedly mortgage on the Isle of Piues by reason of the Platt amend lead to adverse action by the Senate, which, if I correctly ment, but I hope that the Senate ultimately may come to interpret its temper, bas no disposition whatever further to appreciate what I believe to be the fact that the Isle of Pines expand the circle of our colonial po sessions? is ours by cession from Spain under Article II of the treaty. It is not, Mr. President, a question as to whether we shall In that case, if the Senate were so convinced, I do not quite pull down the American flag where it is now flying. Some of follow the Senator, because I believe that under such cir the Senators who have debated tbi · treaty-have discussed it as cumstances, even though it might be a bitter pill to take-it if there were an element of patriotic principle involved; that would not be so for me-l believe that the Senate might take we hould oppose lowering the American flag where it is :flying a different view . from the one suggested by the Senator from and ceding American territory to a foreign power. Not so. Pennsylvania. The American flag has not been raised there. It is the Cuban Mr. PEPPER. I suggest to the Senator from New York, tlag that is :flying there to-day. 'l'he title to the island, I say, Mr. President, that it would not be sufficient merely to con- 1H25· · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 2859 vince the Senate of the United States that the Isle .of Pines who hold that the President and the Senate may negotiate a· was ours by cession, but, according to the municipal law of treaty the effect of which would be to transfer title of lands both countries, it would be necessary to persuade Cuba of that owned by the United States to a foreign country. fact, because by the act of March 2, 1901, of the Congress of Mr. BORAH. I should like to ·see a list of those authorities. the United States, as well as by the Cuban constitution, and Mr. COPELAND. Yes; I should, too. by the treaty between the two countries now in force, it is Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, what I meant to do was to determined that the title or ultimate ownership of the island concede, for· the purposes of this argument, that if it were. is ,to be settled by treaty. So, if the Senate of the United once established that title to the Isle of Pines was in the States were to reject this treaty on the theory suggested by United States .of America, then the contention made by se-v the Senator from New York, it would not be possible for us as eral of the Senators-the contention which I think the Sena a result of such rejection to do anything more than inaugurate tor from Idaho proposes to make-would be applicable, that a negotiation for a new treaty. you could not by treaty cede that territory. For the purposes · Mr. COPELAND. I agree fully with the Senator that it of the argument, I am conceding that question, although I am would be necessary to do that; that is the view I take; but ·aware that there is a great deal to be said on the side of it if the Senate were convinced that we actually received title outlined by the Senator from Utah; but my proposition upon to the Isle of Pines under Article II of the treaty, of course that point is this: That when, by the act of March 2, 1901, every Senator at once would see that we could not cede it and the so-called Platt amendment therein, we provided that by treaty. The Senate alone coUld not do it. It could not the title to the Isle of Pines was to remain in suspense and give possession to Cuba, because, if it is a possession of the was thereafter to be determined by treaty, and when, upon United States, it can only be parted with by action of Con our insistence, Cuba included such a provision in her constitu gress. I am sure the Senator agrees with that. tion as an appendix thereto, incorporated by reference into Mr. PEPPER. I agree with that general proposition, but not the body of the instrument, and when we proceeded to make a in its application to this state of facts. treaty with Cuba carrying the municipal law of each country Mr. COPELAND. No, because the Senator assttmes, I take into the form of an international settlement, it then became it, that we got the Isle of Pines through Article I. clear, and is clear to-day, in my judgment, that even if as an Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, if the Senator will permit me original proposition title to the Isle of Pines passed under I will now undertake, having summarized what I consider to Article II of the treaty of Paris it was competent for Con be the practical considerations applicable to the case, to deal gress to do what it did in 1901, and that the Senate to-day with the legal aspects of it, including the aspect to which the has the right to ratify an effective treaty for the settlement of Senator calls attention. that pending question .of title. Mr. COPELAND. Let me make one more comment to the That is my lJOSition. All I can do is to state one side of a Senator. If I ask any questions it is simply because I am just debatable proposition, but that is the way it appeals to me. as anxious as is the Senator to -be enlightened on the subject. Mr. COPELAND and Mr. McCORMICK addressed the Chair. I hope I am carrying an open mind on the subject. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn Mr. PEPPER. I hope that nothing in my answer led the sylvania yield; and if so, to whom? Senator to think that I was in any way resenting his ques Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from New York. Then tions-- 1 will yield to the Senator from Illinois. ~.COPELAND. Notat~ Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I think we are fully Mr. PEPPER. On the contrary, 1 welcome them, and shall agreed on that matter. As I put it, I say that Cuba, by reason try to deal with them in the course of my discussion of what of the Platt amendment, has a moral mortgage. The Senator one might can the legalities of the case, which I now want to says that she has a mortgage, but I think her claim is only a take up. moral claim. However, there is not any doubt in my mind that Mr. COPELAND. I thank the Senator. I wish, howe-ver, at the present moment America could not have honorable pos that we might gain the attention of the whole Senate to this session of the Isle of Pines without agreement on the part of great problem, because I know there are questions involved ·cuba by treaty. . here, questions of such vital interest that it is important they Mr. PEPPER. That is correct; and I can only say, with should be thoroughly discussed and answered before action is regard to this matter of moral mortgages, that my experience taken. So I want the Senator from Pennsylvania to know that leads me to be very wary about applying metaphorical language any questions I may ask are simply with a view to enlightening to a case which it does not fit. A mortgage is not a moral or fully the Senate and to be enlightened myself on the various an immoral transaction, and there is not any mortgage bere ; questions involved, and not with any idea at all to obstruct or but, excepting that it is not a question of morals or a question distract the progress of the Senator's argument. of mortgage, I will agree with the Senator from New York. Mr. PEPPER. I should have assumed that, Mr. President, I yield now to the Senator from lllinois. even if the Senator had not made the e~planation. · Mr. McCORMICK. Mr. President, the Se;nator from Penn Mr. COPELAND. I thank the Senator. sylvania, before he was interrupted, had said that he had dealt Mr. PEPPER. 1\lr. President, I wish to say that I ap with the practical phases of the question, and was about to proached the discussion of this question originally with a mind proceed to consider its legal phases. rather biased against ratification, because it so happens that Mr. PEPPER. Yes, sir. there is a very considerable number of ];Jeople in my own State Mr. McCORMICK. Let me suggest to the Senator that who conceive themselves to be in a position where they will there is an intermediate phase at once practical and legal. If suffer injustice if the treaty is not ratified, and I take it that the Isle of Pines was ceded to the United States with other every Senator when 'be takes up the consideration of a question i land in the West Indies, that cession included not only the before this body in which he is urged to take a certain p~sition Isle of Pines but the other keys and islands lying off the south by his own constituents begins with a strong presumption in of Cuba, including Largo Key and the others; and if that ces favor of their view and with a desire, if he can, to see it as sion be accomplished we shall be called upon to administer they see it. What I am attempting to do is to present to the the government not only of the Isle of Pines but of a hundred Senate the reasons why personally I have found it impossible keys and islands off the south of Cuba. to adhere to that original view and why I have reached the Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I think it is true that If the conclusion that, both for practical reasons such as I have indi language of the grant from Spain is broad enough to cover the cated and for the legal reasons which I shall now discuss, I Isle of Pines, there are other territories adjacent to Cuba must vote in favor of ratification. which would also be covered ; but I am not making a point of Mr. KING. Mr. President-- that, because I take it that the United States is under no obli Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from Utah. gation to assert title to everything which conceivably might be 1\fr. KING. I understood the Senator from New York to hers, and the practical question before the Senate concerns the make a statement to which I understood the Senator from Isle of Pines only. Pennsylvania to assent, and, in order that I may be clear in my Mr. BORAH. Mr. President-- own mind, if the Senator will pardon me, I should like to ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn if he did assent to the proposition, namely, that if there were a sylvania yield to the Senator from Idaho? cession under the treaty with Spain of the Isle of Pines to the Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from Idaho. United States, then it would be impossible for the Senate, and )1r. BORAH. I quite agree with the Senator from Penn the Executive of course, to negotiate a treaty which would sylvania that he is discussing the practical feature of the transfer the title from the United States to Cuba. If the Sen matter ; but in answer to the suggestion of the Senator from ator assented to that, I am sure upon reflection he will adopt a Illinois, the reverse of the position which he takes is true different view, for the reason that there are many authorities that if the Isle of Pines belongs to Cuba then there are 37. 2860 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE FEBRUARY 2 islands which we should immediately quitclaim and give to I began by saying that we were· trustees-trustees of what-? Cuba, because we claim those by virtue of the same clause Not of an enumerated trust estate with items catalogued and under which we claim the Isle of Pines. defined. We said: "Here are people struggling for independ Mr. PEPPER. The Senator refers to Vieques and Culebra ence. We will help them achieve it in respect to the territory and the other islands adjacent to Porto llico? which they are occupying and to which they lay national Mr. BORAH. Yes. claim," and we went in and helped them and took possession of Mr. PEPPER. Pos ibly that is true ; but it bas not im that which they claimed; and the thing which they claimed, pressed me that the consequence urged by the Senator from and of which we took possession included the Isle of Pines. Idaho follows. But however that may be, Mr. President, I How do I know that? I do not go into remote hi tory. Sen think if I can do any service to any of my colleagues who ators will do that at their pleasure. There is a great wealth themselves have not stmUed this matter it will be along the of historical material here not suitable for discussion in a line not of taking up every possible aspect of the rna tter and speech, because it involves a nice study of documents and of all the ramifications with which one is tempted to ,deal, but historical precedents. It is all important, but I pass it by in if I confine myself to certain broad considerations, on the one the interest of making my point as clearly as I can and then hand of a practical sort and on the other of a legal sort, in relie\ing the Senate of fUI·tber discussion. so far as one may deal with delicate legal questions in outline I go no further back than 1805, and I point out to my fashion. colleagues that in that year the Cubans, struggling for inde Now, :Mr. President, coming to the legal aspect of the matter, pendence, ef'tablished a provisional government and adopted a I want to a~k my colleagues · to inquire of themselves what provisional constitution, and that having failed of becoming was the nature of the relation which the Republic of the effectiT'e, two years later they did the arne thing. In both United States a sumed toward the Republic of Cuba, both those pro\isional constitutions of the Cuban revolutionists you before its independence of Spain had been achie\ed and after will find a division of Cuba into State. , four of them, by name, wards. That is not an academic question. We may take the most westerly being Occidente, and a provision that the toward this transaction either the attitude of a bargainer, adjacent islands and keys shall in e\ery case belong to the construing in his own favor as broadly as be can the language State to which they are geographically related. of the grant under which be claims, or we may find ourselves The Isle of Pines under that description was geographically forced to admit that we are in the position of a trustee whose related to Occidente, the westernmost State, and accordingly business it is to think not so much of the subject matter of was administered as it had been by the Spaniards, and ad the trust as of the people for whom he is trustee ; and it may ministered dul'ing the bl'ief period of Cuban control and of our then become his duty to conceive of himself as entitled to take occupation as a part of the municipality of Habana. their view of the thing which be holds, if so be that he is a It was recognized as an ayuntamiento, a ward or subdivision, trustee, even if that \iew is in some measure opposed to his for governmental purposes of Habana ; and when we took pos self-interest. session under om· declaration of trust, the first cen us we Mr. President, what was the relation establiRhed between caused to be prepared was reported to the War Department the .United States and Cuba when we intervened in the in with the statement that it included the population of the Isle terest of Cuban independence? ·one goes back to a certain of Pines, because that was administered as part of Cuba. So I famous resolution that was passed by the Congress, which begin not merely with the proposition that we were trustees for contained among other things the well-known 'reller amend Cuba and the Cuban people, but that we were trustees of that ment; and I read from Thirtieth Statutes at Large, 7~9: which they claimed; we were tru tees of that re pe<>ting whirh That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or inten their national aspiration was one of ownership and sover tion to exerci c sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over saic.l island- eignty, and it little becomes us, it seems to me, Mr. President, now to turn aJ.'Ound and undertake to construe the treaty as if - " Said island " meaning Cuba, of course-- it were a narrow baTgain in which we were stipulating for e:rcept for the pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, national acquisitions on our part, and were right in taking all when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control ot we could get, and parting with as little as we might choose the island to its people. to part with. Senators will read that each in his own way, but to my I say we were trustees. We were trustees for the Cuban mind it is the clearest declaration of trust by one nation people, and the measure of our trusteeship is not so much for another that I know of in history. It seems to me to what you find in any document as the claim of independence stamp the United States with the character of a trusteeJ not and sovereignty which those people were putting forward; of particularly described property, not of an enumerated and by common consent they were claiming the Isle of Pines as schedule of trust assets nicely determined and delimited and part of Cuba, because they bad incorporated the adjacent defined, but a general declaration of trusteeship for the Cuban i. land." and keys in the states which their provisional consti people in respect of the thing for which they were struggling, tutions recognized. which was their independence and their sovereignty over Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President-- that which they claimed to be Cuba. I say it may even be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn deci. ive in a discussion of this sort to determine the point of sylvania yield to the Senator from New York? view from which you are going to approach the discu sion. Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator. Are we bargaining under a treaty where we are to get all we Mr. COPELAND. What the Senator bas ju. t Raid is very can and gi\e to the Cubans what we please, or are we stand intere. ting, and I am anxious to know more about it, and will ing under a voluntary declaration of trust which we made for discuss the matter with him later pri\ately. But if the Sena the people as a people, in which case it may become our duty tor is right that it was the attitude vf the Cnban people that to hand over to them e\erything which their aspirations in the IRle of Pines was included in the island of Cuba, why did cluded and over which at the time they were exerci. ing juris- not President McKinley and his executives take the ,_arne -diction and control, even if a different reading of the treaty view of it when the matter came tJ their attention r might carry it to us? Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, the question of what part in Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President-- our deliberations we should as ign to the attitude taken sub .:Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from New York. sequently to the ·e transactions, either by an American Pre. ·i Mr. COPELAND. The Senator from Penisylvania has dent or by the Secretary of War speaking through his as. i t asked a question, and I want to answer that I am in perfect ant, if he did speak through him, or by the As istant Adjutant harmony with everything be has said about the Island of -General, who was then General Per ·bing, is something I am Cuba and about its being a sacred trust. I went up and coming to presently. My propo ition now is that, having re down the country UI'ging OUI' people to intervene in Cuba in gard to the relation bdween the United States and the exactly that spirit. I would not want the enator from Cubans, we were trustees, and that we, somewhat grandilo PennRyl\ania to think that there is any 1\lember of the S.en quently perhaps, announced to the world that we assumed a ate--I ha\e not talked with one, and I know that is not my tru t for them, and I say that by the rules of trusteeship, attitude--who feels differently about it. I feel exactly that under those circum. tances, what you want to inquire about way townrd tbe island of Cuba and our obligation to it. is not bow much you can keep for your elf under the trust Mr. PEPPER. I felt sure that the Senator would take that deed but what the beneficiaries understood you to be the ·dew, but I was not sure that the Senator would yield to what trustee of when you took it over. seem to me to be the implications of that view. I was not l\Ir. COPELL~D. I think even Senators would agree to sure that the Senator would see as I do what under the cir that. cumstances is the duty of the trustee in the premises, and it Mr. PEPPER. I believe it to be clear that when we took is to that proposition that I now want to address myself. po. se sion of Cuba we took pos ession of it under such a 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 2861: declaration as I have stated, upon such principles as I have b~ween the Spanish _forces ai).d the insurgents, which be said set forth, and that our possession then became the possession lasted an hour and a half, and in which a number of the of the trustee. _ insurgents were killed. Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. Presiuent, will the Se-nator .Again, if the Senator will permit me to pursue the matter yield? a little further, in February, 1899-February 7, I think Mr. PEPPER. I yield. just about a month and seven days after General ·wood Mr. WALSH of Montana. I haye been follqwing the line assumed control of Cuba for the United States, be dispatched of a1·gument presented by the Senator, and _I desire no": to Gen. Fitzhugh Lee to the Island of Pines for the purpose of make an inquiry. The Senator speaks about the Isle of Pmes making an -inspection of conditions there, and to report. Gen. as beinO' included within the national aspirations of the people Fitzhugh Lee reported that when he arrived in the Isle of of Cub~. Let me inquire, if the Senator may advise us, Pines he found a company of insurgents, consisting of 60 men whether speaking of the inhabitants of the Isle of Pines as with a captain. Those forces were, of cour e, drawn from separat~ from the people of the rest of the territory, they re the island. That was a month after we bad taken charge. ciprocated in that feeling and whether they in any manner But it is explained that it was a habit which obtained fo1• contributed to tile revolution in Cuba? some little while after we took charge over there, and until Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I can not adrlse the Senator we had provided, OUI'Selves, suitable police and patrol ar in detail as to the conduct of the inhabitants of the Isle of rangements to preserve law and order, for the insurgents in Pines. many parts of the island of Cuba to maintain their forces Mi·. W ALSII of Montana. What I would like to know is intact for the pUI'pose of preserving order in the island. whether the Isle of Pines united with Cuba-or the rest of I will say again, bearing upon that very question, as show Cuba as the one or the other expression may be the correct ing the sympathy. of the people of the Island of Pines with on~in their revolution and in t~eir national aspirations? the insurrection, that just before peace was declared a com Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I should not like to make a mission, consisting of Maj. William E . .Alroy, Maj. :M. 0. confident affirmation of that fact of history-because it is a Butler, jr., and Capt. J. S. Hart, visited the Island of Pines, historical fact for which the Senator a ks-but I will say that and when they reached the capital of the island they were the description of Cuba as contained in the provisional con greeted by the entire population of tile island, and when Major stitution of 1895, and the ensuing provisional constitution of Almy addressed them they showed great manifestations of 1897 was not a description which limited the term " Cuba " enthusiasm. His remarks were greeted by shouts of "Viva to the mainland; but it included the adjacent keys and islands. la Commision Americana," and '~ Viva Cuba Libre," and things :Mr. wALSH of Montana. So I understood, and I wanted of that sort. He said the enthusiasm was so great that the to understand whether that ·was done with the cooperation people fell into each other's arms and went wild with en and with the assent and with the sympathy of the people of the 4 thusiasm over the part the United States had played in bring • Isle of Pines, or whether all' that was just simply ·an expres ing about Cuban liberty. sion fl•om the oilier side. !!"'or instance, Porto Rico, I assume, Mr. PEPPER. I thank the Senator for this very important did not join with Cuba in her revolution against Spain. I contribution to the discussion, and I take it that the Senator presume probably the people of the island of Culebra did not from Montana will feel much better satisfied with the answer join with Cuba in her revolution against Spain. What I want which the Senator from North Carolina has made than with to know is-and the Senator understands it, of cours~wbether anything I was able to say. the people of the Isle of Pines united their cause at that time l\Ir. COPEL~-rn. l\Ir. President- with that of the people of the mainland of Cuba in the revolu l\Ir. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator. tion and, I may say, in the institution of the constitution of Mr. COPELAl'\--n. Just one further answer to the question 1895. propounded by the Senator from Montana. If I am correctly Mr. PEPPER. With regai·d to that, my inf01·mation is that advised, at the time in question the Isle of Pines was used as the inhabitants of the Isle of Pines were represented in those a penal colony. Prisoners were being sent there from Porto con titutional conventions, but I am not able to tell the Sena Rico and Cuba, and a Spanish captain general was in _com· tor, with that kind of certainty which alone would justify a statement in answer to his question, what the general senti mand. When an insurrection broke out he sent the prisoners ment of the Cuban residents of the Isle of Pines was at that over to help put down the insurrection. ·time. I can not undertake to tell tile Senator that. Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, with the permission of my Mr. SU!MONS and Mr. COPELA~-rn addrcs. ed the Chair. colleagues, I will press on to a conclusion of what I have to The PRESIDING OJi..,FICER. Does the Senator from Penn say without any other interruption eicept such as Senators sylvania yield? And if so, to whom? think it important and necessary to make. t.Ir. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator n·om North Carolina, I wish to suggest that the theory I have indicated of trustee and then I will yield to the Senator from Xew York. ship for the Cuban people is supported not merely by the :Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, I would like to say to the original declaration of trust, but by the language of the protocol Senator, in connection with the inquiries made by the Senator and of the treaty of Paris. It is well known to Senators who from Montana, that I have given some study to both of those have looked at those documents that there is marked distinc questions, and I discovered that the people of the Island of tion in the language of both documents, as contained in the Pines participated in the election of the repre entatives to the first and second articles, in the following particular: That as to convention of 1897. matter included in the first article Spain was called upon Mr. PEPPER. Yes. merely to relinquish her claim of sovereignty, while in _the Mr. SIMMONS. I think they also participated in electing second article Spain was called upon to cede to the United representatives to the convention helu in 189:5, to which the States whatever fairly passed Within the terms of description Senator has referred. of that second article. Mr. PEPPER. That is my impression. If we begin with the proposition that we were trustees, if Mr. SIMMONS. Both of those conventions declared that the we carry on with the proposition that we were trustees of that territory of Cuba included the adjacent i lands. which the Cubans were claiming as their own, I suggest that I have also given some study to the question of whether our call upon Spain to relinquish her title and her claim, with the inhabitants of the Island of Pines participated with the out speci.fying us as the grantee, must be interpreted as a inhabitants of the island of Cuba in the insurrection, and in call upon Spain to relinquish in favor of Cuba that for which the campaign which followed in the wake of the insurrection. the Cubans were fighting when we had intervened for the I think the evidence is very strong that they did. General purpose of effectuating their fight. I belie\e that that becomes Weyler, in his history of his administration of Cuba, recites all the more clear when we read the fourth article of the peace nn incident which occurred, I think in 1896, calling for the protocol as it appears on page 2012 of the REconn, to which (]ispn.tch by him of a company, or maybe more than a company, attention bas been called heretofore by the Senator from Illi of soldiers to the Island of Pines for the purpose of putting nois and which makes a clear distinction between the pro down the insurgency which -then existed in that island. ceedings of the commissioners who within 30 days were to Mr. PEPPER. If the Senator will permit me, there is no meet at Havana "for the purpose of arranging and cal'l'ying doubt that there was a large Spanish garrison maintained out the details of the aforesaid evacuation of Ctiba and the there, in line with the Senator's remarks, and I have assumed adjacent Spanish islands," and the provisions respecting the that if at that time, when the Spaniards needed all the forces commissioners who were to meet at a specified date at San they could use to put down the rebellion~ as they regarded Juan in Porto Rico "for the pru·pose of arranging and carry it, they maintained a garrison there, it was for cause. ing out the details of the aforesaid evacuation of Porto Rico l\lr. SDBIONS. This was in 1896. In his account of that and other islands now under Spanish sorereignty in the ·west • campaign General Weyler gives the history of an engagement Indies." 2862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 - 1 have not forgotten that in his Yery able argument the there is deep water that doe not exist between Cuba 11nd the junior Senator from New York [l\lr. CoPELAND] finds signifi Isle of Plnes? cance in the fact that in the fourth article of the protocol Mr. PEPPER. That is true, and if I were attempting to reference is made in the case of Cuba to " Cuba and the ad make an exhaustive statement of the subject, if I were at jacent islands," and that that language was not included in tempting to go into the matter with the thoroughness with the treaty which was subsequently signed at Paris. But I which one is tempted to go into it even at the cost of wearying draw from that circumstance a different inference from his. one's colleagues, I should attempt to show that the Isle of It seems to me that the important thing that was established Pines, not only historically and politically, but geographically by the protocol was the determination that the thing which and geologically, is part of the island of Cuba. But I pass that Spain was to be called upon to relinquish her claim to was over because Senators have their -own opinions on those que - the thing which in tile estimation of the Cubans constituted tions and they may not agree with me. They are not question Cuba, and that that included the neighboring islands. that I can settle by dogmatic assertion. What I want to do is It was not necessary, when the trustee came to deal later to lay down some general principles from which it seems to with Spain, for us to protect the Cubans as between us and me incontrovertible condusions can be drawn. themselves. The l)urpose of the treaty was to settle rights as Mr. COPELAl~D. Mr. President-- between the United States and Spain, and when we settled The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn our rights with Spain we were careful to insist that the cession ylvania yield to the Senator from New York? to us of those things which we wanted Spain to cede were 1\Ir. PEPPER. I yield. things which depleted Spanish posses ion and not Cuban pos Mr. COPELAND. The Senator from Pennsylvania made se sion. The purpose of our cession was to pay ourselves, not reference to the protocol with Spain and to the fourth artich'. at the expense of Cuba, but at the expense of Spain, for what He will recall that in the first article of the protocol Spain the war nad cost; and yet it is now gra'\."ely suggested that wa to relinquish all claim of sovereignty over and title to somehow or other we are to include in the language of the Cuba. That is the language. Then in the second article it was cession from Spain an item of possession wrung not from proYided that Spain would cede the island of Porto Rico a.nfl Spain in right of conquest, but taken from the Cubans, as if other islands. It would seem to me very natural that in the the trustee were to appropriate a part of the trust estate. I composition of the commissions and in theil.· functioning, the suggest that it is as if the French, instead of exacting by treaty commis ion ent to Habana, provided for by article 4 of the from England payment of their lo ses in the War of the Revo protocol, would naturally supervise the evacuation of nell lution incurred in our behalf, had gained the applause of the other i lands ceded by Spain as happened to be adjacent to world by entering the struggle on the side of Liberty and had Cuba, as suggested in article 4. then demanded Long Island or Staten Island from us to pay If I may suggest it again to the Senator from Pennsylvania, for losses inflicted upon them by the English. the language of the treaty of Paris is specific. It say , in It will not do. We are a trustee. The United States is a Article I, "Spain relinquishes all title of sovereignty over and trustee for tb·e Oubaris. We are a trust-ee of all the things, title to Cuba." If the article stopped there, I perhaps would follow the Sena including the Isle of Pines, which Cuba struggled to make free, and the things we are justified in keeping as the result of tor from Pennsylvania and agree that the Isle of Pines might a cession as the 'Price of victory are such things only as we be included. But in the very next line of Article I. it say , "and as the island is upon itR evacuation to be occupied by the took from Spain and not things that were wrung from the United States.'' In Article III, whexe it speaks of the ce sion beneficiary of our trust. to the United States of the Philippine Islands, it speaks of the So I beg Senators to consider it from this point of view " archipelago.'' when they are seeking to ·determine their vote in the matter, When we consider Cuba and the Isle of Pines and the other and I hope they will give due regard to the point that the only islands referred to by the Senator from Illinois [Mr. MoCon justification for cession after our original declaration of trust MICK], we have an archipelago, but in referring to Cuba the is that whatever we insisted be ceded to us must beyond all documents always speak of it as an "island.'' The language peradventure have been ceded to us by Spain from her posses used is very specific. So I can not get it out of mind, if the sions outside of Cuba, for as to Cuba we were the trustee and Senator will bear with me a moment, that there wa a distinc we could not touch a dolla1·'s worth of that which our declara tion made and intended that the relinquishment of title to tion of trust covered. Cuba related to the island of Cuba and not to Cuba and the Mr. STERLING. Mr. President-- adjacent islands. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn Mr. PEPPER. I had no thought, when I rose to speak, of sylvania yield to the Senator from South Dakota? coercing the judgment or changing the opinion of Senators who Mr. PEPPER. Certainly. .have a judgment or opinion upon the question. I was careful Mr. STERIJNG. Is there any difference in the situation as to state that what I was attempting to do was to state the between the islands lying off the coast of Porto Rico to the considerations that had led me to a certain conclusion, realizing east, like Culebra ru1d Vieques, and the Isle of Pines, as it lies that at every stage of the discussion there is something ue off to the south of the coast of Cuba? batable. Mr. PEPPER. A very great difference. The Porto Ricans With regard to what the Senator from New York bas said, were not struggling for recognition of their independence. The all I can reply is that when the treaty of Paris wa. · made it islands to which the Senator refers adjacent to the island of was a treaty between the United States and Spain. It was not Porto Rico were Spanish possessions not claimed by the a treaty with Cuba. We were there not to get what we could C'uba.ns. The Isle of Pines was in the possession of the Cubans, from Cuba or the Cubans. We were there to prote"t Cuba was claimed by them as pa1t of the estate which they were against Spain, and the language of that document should be striving to establish as the subject of their sovereignty and so construed as to secure us in our trustee's pos e ·ion of e-very· their ownershil). My proposition iB, when we said, "Yes; we thing that by any fair claim we ought to hold for Cuba; that will come to your aid, not for ourselves but in your interest, there hould be a relinquishment of claim by Spain as to that, and we will be trustees of whatever we take," that under that and the thing that was important that we should define was trusteeship, if we took the !Ble of Pines, we were bound to the thing which we were going to get by cession from some turn it over to our beneficiaries. The rest we might insist that one with whom we were bargaining at arm's length after a Spain should cede to us as the price of victory in war. victory in the war with Spain, namely, from whom we were Mr. STERLING. Very well There might be a reason, then, exacting the price of victory. in connection with the cession of the island of Porto Rico for It is a question, Mr. President, as to one's attitude of mind saying in that connection " other islands," which would include toward the proposition. If one approaches it from the point Culebra and Vieques. of view of trying to make out a claim for the United States Mr. PEPPER. There is just such a reason as the Senator and insisting upon reading into the second article of the from South Dakota has suggested. There were other islands b·eaty something which may be injected there by ingenuity whlch bore to Porto Rico the same relation relatively that the and reasoning he might come to one conclusion, but if one Isle of Pines bore to Cuba. The point I am making is that when approaches it from the viewpoint of the United States itself we deal with Porto Rico and the adjacent islands we are as ;dcto1·, standing also as trustee for the achieved inde dealing as a claimant under a deed of cession. When we deal pendence of the Cubans, and bargaining with Spain for their with what the Cubans were insisting upon we are dealing as protection, he will reach another conclusion ; and that is the trustee under a declaration of trust. position I assume. :Mr. STERLING. Is there not also this difference, may I I turn now to another proposition. It has been stated here ask the Senator from Pennsylvania, that between the island that some significance is to be attached to the utterances of of Porto Rico and the other islands to the east of Porto Rico President McKinley, about which there is a great deal of • which might come under the description of "other islands ·• dispute. The uncontroverted fact is that the Assistant Adju- 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 2863 tant General at that time, General Pershing, and the Assistant I Mr. COPELAND. I can not believe it possible that those at Secretary of War at that time, Mr. .Meiklejohn, in August, the conference referred to who were appointed to represent our 1899, and in January, 1900, made statements or wrote letters Government entered into such a deal as is suggested ·by the inducing the belief that the United States had acquired the Senator from Pennsylvania. Isle of Pines by cession. This has been referred to as a Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, if the Senat()r will permit me, reason why we should not now ratify this treaty. I have no I have made no suggestion respecting any deal. I have been doubt at all that those letters, which I believe were mistaken most careful to confine myself to what is a matter of record. for reasons that I have given, were used by those who had I have said that certain gentlemen sat down at a table; that land for sale in the Isle of Pines to make sales of land to while they were sitting there two things happened: One was American citizens; but I submit, Mr. President, if I am Tight that the Cubans passed over to our representatives the lease in the theory that we were actually a trustee for the Cubans, and that our representatives passed over to them a treaty; that that that can constitute no reason in the world why we should we hold the lease for the coaling station, but that we have not give Cuba anything that is fairly conceded to be a part never yet ratified the treaty. of the trust estate. 1\Ir. COPELAND. Mr. President, does the Senator from I wonder if Senators would seriously contend that if I am Pennsylvania happen to have the Platt amendment before him? a trustee and the beneficiary comes to me for an accounting Mr. PEPPER. Yes, I think so. and asks me to hand over to him such and such items of the Mr. COPELAi\TJ). W'hat is the date of it? trust estate, that I should reply, "No ; I should like to do as Mr. PEPPER. The Platt amendment was the sixth article you suggest, but my secretary or my clerk has made so of the act of March 2, 1901. many statements to third persons that I own this property Mr. COPELAND. That was before this treaty was ne- that I am unable to recognize your title"? I apprehend, Mr. gotiated? President, that such a statement would be looked upon with Mr. PEPPER. Yes, sir. small favor by any chancellor with jurisdiction over the Mr. COPELAND. It was three years before the treaty was trustee's account. negotiated. Did not the Platt amendment provide for the If our Government has made an authoritative statement transfer of the naval stations? giving rise to a claim, it is a claim against our Government Mr. PEPPER No; not the Platt amendment. The seventh and not a claim against the Cubans. How in the name of article of the act of March 2, 1901, provides that naval stations common sense a statement, whether well advised or ill advised, shall be made the subject of agreement between the parties. by subordinate officials in our Government can constitute the Mr. COPELAND. Yes. basis of a claim against the Cuban people or a reason why we Mr. PEPPER. But the sixth article, which is the Platt should not ratify a treaty with Cuba is something which, amendment, had nothing to do with naval stations. personally, I am unable to appreciate. Mr. COPELAND. But the point that I wish to bring out is But I pass that by, with the mere suggestion that I believe that previous to the signing of these treaties it had been agreed if these claimants were to assert a claim for damages against between Cub.a and the United States that naval stations should the United States, it would be found very difficult to estimate be leased to the United States. That was written into the their damage; and I apprehend that the Committee on Claims Cuban constitution, was it not? would be slow to report a bill in their favor. If the claim is Mr. PEPPER. That is perfectly true; and I was at pains not good against the trustee, it certainly ought not to be to state that in February, 1903, a rough or more or le s in good against the beneficiary. I pass that by, however, because, formal agreement in pursuance of that act of Congress and in the last analysis, I can not believe but that Senators will the Cuban constitution was entered into between the United cast it aside in their consideration as irrelevant, although I States and Cuba to the effect that a lease would be made. know that many people have been seriously aggrieved because What I now say, Mr. President, is that a time came in history, of that transaction. to wit, the 2d of July, 1903, when the transaction which I I come now to a second consideration, namely, the facts have accurately described took place. I have not asked any which surrounded the execution of the treaty of 1903, and Senator in this room to draw any particular inference from the subsequent treaty of 1904, which is the one now before us. it, but the mere statement of the fact is disturbing to the Sen- Mr. President, Senators will remember that there was a ator from New York. great deal of debate upon the floor here respecting the Mr. COPELAND. It is disturbing to the Senator from New significance of the fact that at that time we got from Cuba the York, Mr. President, because, if the Senator will permit me lease of a naval station at Guantanamo, which was a very to say so, I do not think it is fair to attempt to make the valuable acquisition. I wish to suggest that what took place Senate believe that there was a deal made that if we would at that time tells its own story, and no amotmt of argument ratify the treaty giving the Isle of Pines to Cuba they would or exhortation by any Senator is likely to affect another sign the deed giving us the coaling stations. As a matter of Senator's mind. Unless the facts cal'Iy their conviction with fact, provision had been made two or three years before the them there is nothing that a spea~er can say which will signing of the treaty and of the lease for the transfer to the give them strength. United States of certain coaling stations. That matter was Let me state the facts. In February, 1003, Mr. President, already ar1·anged for by the Platt amendment and written in we negotiated with Cuba a rough agreement that in the the constitution of Cuba. So I do not think the Senator's future there should be a lease made by Cuba to us of a contention is at all right. For my part, if I were ever to vote coaling station or a naval station at a point to be selected. for this treaty, I would never vote for that section of it which Certain places were named, Guantanamo being one of them. says that it is "in consideration of the grants of coaling and That was in February, 1903. On the 2d of July, 1903, several naval stations heretofore made" the Isle of Pines should pass gentlemen sat down around a table. Some of them were to Cuba. representatives of the United States and some of them were I do not want to make a speech in the Senator's time, Mr. representatives of. the Republic of Cuba. Before they got President, and I wish to apologize to the Senator for occupy up from that table these two things had happened: The rep- ing so much of his time, but I feel strongly on the subject. A.t resentatives of the Cuban Republic passed across the table some time I intend to ay more regarding it, because we must to om· representatives a lease of a naval station at Guan- have the truth as to this whole transaction. tanamo, and our representatives passed across the table to Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, far be it from me to withhold the Cuban representatives the treaty of cession of the Isle from the Senate or to attempt to withhold from the Senate any of Pines. We still have the naval station, but we have from of the facts of the case, because if I am right the facts are that day to this failed to ratify the treaty. more eloquent. than any argument that can be based upon Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President-- them. I want the facts to be known; I want it to be known Mr. PEPPER Mr. President, I do not want to be in the that in the act of .March 2, 1901, the Congress of the United position of not yielding to the Senator, but, before he makes States stipulated as a condition of turning over the control any statement, I will observe that the thing that brought him and sovereignty of Cuba to her people that she should at the to his feet was no expression of mine respecting the signifi- same time give us coaling stations in the island. In the sixth • cance of what was done, but a bare statement of facts, the article of the Platt amendment to the act of March 2, 1901, the force of which he feels so keenly that he feels impelled to same document that provided for the coaling stations whi«;h answer. I yield to the Senator. were to be the subject of future lease, it was specifically pro- 1\fr. COPELAND. It was the implication that I wanted to vided that the question of title to the Isle of Pines was to be answer, Mr. President. made the subject of future adjustment by treaty. So it is as Mr. PEPPER. I made no implication, Mr. President. I broad as it is long. We were to perfect our stipulated l'ight stated the fact, and stated it barely. to acqnire a coaling station, and both parties agreed that the 2864 CONGRESSIONAL R.EOORD-· SENATE FEBRUARY 2 question of title to the Isle of Pines was thereafter to be m.a.nship there devolved upon us a rather higher standard of adjusted by treaty. good faith than otherwise would have been the case. I state the barest facts and the simplest facts and I give no llr. STERLING and lfr. GLASS addressed the Chair. implication of a deal, except such implication as each Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn may see in the facts as I state them, that on the 2d of July, syh"ania. yield, and if so to whom? 1903, the incident that I have described took pla.ce, and that 1\lr. PEPPER. I yield first to the Senator from South Da we came away from that meeting with a lease in our pockets, kota; presently to the Senator from Virginia. / and that the Cuban representatives took away a treaty which Mr. STERLING. Mr. President, might not it all have hap failed of ratification because it was not ratified within seven pened-this treaty and this lease-without any intentional months. The present treaty was negotiated immediately fol wrongdoing upon the part of any representative of the Uniteu lowing the lapse of the earlier one and has been the undis States, considering the uncertainty at the time-the fact that posed-of business before the Senate in that regard for the an Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. Meiklejohn, had declared 20 years last past. that we got the Isle of Pines by the cession of Spain, and )fr. President, I do not say that there was a deal; I do not granting, too, what is alleged, that President McKinley had eharge anybody with taking advantage of anybody else, but directed the Commissioner of the General Land Office to put I merely ask Senators in determining how they shall vote the Isle of Pines upon the map as a. part of the United States, now, in the year of grace 1925, to take into consideration the or as belonging to the United States? That was the condition facts as they occurred in 1903. at that time. .Ur. NORRIS. Mr. President-- Mr. PEPPER. Answering the suggestion of the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn from South Dakota, it is precisely because what be suggests sylvania. yield to the Senator from Nebraska? may be the true explanation that I have refrained from at 1\Ir. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from Nebraska. tempting to ask the Senate to take any particular explanation. Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, to my mind the reference What I really am n·ying to do is to state the facts and to which the Senator has just now made-and it has been made leave it to the Senate to determine their significance. The before and is referred to in the treaty itself-that we came only thing that I have said as 1·espects an interpretation of the facts is that I individually feel that that is one of the circum a way from the conferen~e at the time, as the Senator said, with a lease for Gwmta.namo in our pockets, is one of the stances which I ought to take into consideration in trying to unpleasant features of this dilemma in which it seems to me vote in fa-ror of the treaty; but I have not said there was a deal, I have not said that anybody acted in bad faith, and I we are placed. The Senator's argument to me is very persua have not meant it. I do feel uncomfortable, however, to think sive and I feel very much inclined to follow him, and it I that as a result of the transaction we got what we wanted and sho~ld do so it would be to vote for the ratification of the they did not treaty but if his argument is what it purports to be on its Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? face ~t that very date we had neither title to nor right in Mr. PEPPER. The Senator from Virginia desired to inter: the isle of Pines. It was Cuba's; we had no~g there; we rupt me. I yield to bim; then I will yield to the Senator from had nothing to give away. If in that deal we made the New York. Cubans believe that we got a coaling station and carried a Mr. GLASS. Mr. President, my interjection was not im deed to it avvny in our pockets-a transaction that did not portant, except to call attention to the fact that at the time of require any action on the part of Congress to confirm-even these round-table meetings the title of the island was involved. 1n part consideration for signing the treaty at the time, we It had not been determined. Is it not conceivable from the were pra.eticing a deception upon the representatives of the standpoint of those who favor the ratificatlon of this treaty Cuban Government which it seems to me no American Con that when one document was handed across the table, followed gress can ever afterwards feel like contemplating without an by the other document across the table, one was in considera 11.pology. Now, it may not stl'ike others that way. On the tion of a. clearance of title to the island? other hand, suppose we did not. Suppose we did have some .Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, it is so stated in the treaty of thing to give. We either had it or we did not, one or the other. 1003, and the statement is repeated in the treaty which is now If we did not have it, then it seems to me our representatives before us, which was made in 1904 ; but I was careful not to lay at that time would be in the dishonorable position of fooling stre s upon that,. for the reason that the Senator from New Cuba.. York [Mr. CoPELAYD] is about to call my attention to, namely, Let us assume·that we did have a right to the Isle of Pines. that the grant of the coaling station had previously been made Then our representative:· were a.greeii:g with the Cuban repre the subject of statutory and constitutional determination. sentatives that they should give away something that they Mr. GLASS. So had an adjustment of the title. had no right under the law to give. In other words, it was Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, I should like to call attention not within the province of our representatives to approve a to the suggestion made by the Senator from Virginia. If that treaty. All they could do would be to make one and let it is true, if his theory is right-- be passed on by the constitutional authorities. Mr. GLASS. I do not advance a theory. I say it is con To my mind, those who favor this treaty-and I may vote ceivable that that is the case. for it myself: I am not saying that I will not-those who favor Mr. NORRIS. All right. If that conception be true, then it protest too much. They go too far. The treaty itself gives our representatives, who had no authority to make a. treaty that incident as one of the reasons why it should be approved. that was binding, were either practicing a deception upon the Now, at the time that conference took place, when we got the Cubans or were attempting to bring about coercion upon the coaling station, we either had a. right to the Isle of Pines or we President and the Senate, one or the other, because they would did not ; and in either case, it seems to me if we are going to say, "Here is our coaling station, and we will give you this claim something on it, it puts us in an unenviable position, treaty. That gives you the title to the Isle of Pines." They and one in which the Senate and the eountry ought not to be had no authority, however, to make a binding treaty. If that placed. was the bargain, they ought, to make it honorable, to have said, Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I have learned by long ex "This coaling-station agreement will wait; we will hold that perience that when in the course of the development of a case up too, until the President and the Senate pass on the treaty." you come into the presence of some facts which some people Then they could come to us and say, " Here is this treaty; we interpret one way and some another, the thing to do if you made it, and you must approve it, becau e we have already really "ant justice to be done in the end is to state the facts paid somebody else for it." That is coercion. baldly, and let their implications be what they may. Let each Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, the Senator from Nebraska man put his own interpretation upon the facts. I have not put will take it in good part if I say that I learned long ago an any interpretation upon them excepting to say that this is one observation attributed to the great Ma ter of Balliol which I of the things that have led me individually to come to the con have always tried to remember, that when anybody confronted clu ion that I ought to vote to ratify this treaty; but I have him with a dilemma he put his hands in his pockets and turned not characterized the conduct of our representatives or of the his back upon him. He did this because a dilemma never, Senate or of anybody else in terms which I should hesitate to except in the rarest instances, represents the real situation. use. I say that these things did happen. Let Senators deter The fact is here that, as the Senator from Nebraska says, since mine what their duty is in the light of them. I say further these people were our I'epresentatives merely to negotiate a that we must not forget, if my analysis of the case is right, treaty there could not be a bargain by them which would bind that this was a round-table conference between representatives us-a bargain that if the Cubans would give us the coalin"' of the guardian and of the ward who had lately come of age. station we would give them the Isle of Pines. Our repre enta It wa a case in which the beneficiary and the trustee at the tive had no such authority. Therefore it is not really a. expiration of the trust were seated at the table ; and some dilemma where either we have no right to keep the coaling Senators may feel that on principles of fair dealing and sports- station o1· else, if we keep the coaling station, we must give 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2865 them the Isle of Pines. It is not that kind of a situation in to sit across the table from the Senator from Pennsyl:Tania, law; it is not that kind of a situation in logic; but, speaking because he would know the cards I had in my hand. from my own point of view, it is that kind of a situation in Mr. PEPPER. That game is relatively unknown in Penn~ sportsmanship and fair play; and I am not going to be satisfied sylvania, Mr. President. [Laughter.] until I do what I can to see that the Cubans get what they Mr. NORRIS. I think that demonstrates that what the' hoped to get when they gave us what we insisted upon. Senator from New York said about the Senator from Pennsyl Mr. NORRIS. 1\lr. President, if the Senator will permit me vania is true. [Laughter.] again, I agree with that expression entirely. If, as a matter Mr. COPELAND. Well, the game is utterly unknown in the of fact, we rightly conceive that what fs suggested by the city of New York. [Laughter.] Senator from Virginia took place, that it was. a deal,. then we Now, Mr. President, for the . ake of the RECORD, to make the ought to make it right. I concede that. I do not want to point I have in mind about Article VII, which the Senator said keep a coaling station that was obtained from Cuba under I would refer to-and he was correct in that-! shall r·efer false pretenses, regardless of what it may cost to do it; but first to Article VI of the Platt amendment, which reads: what I am protesting against is that if that was the under standing, then it is practically coercing the Senate and the That the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitu• President to come around afterwards and say: "You have the tiona! boundaries of Cuba, the title thereto being left to future adjust coaling station; now you must approve this treaty." If that ment by treaty. can be done, and we are obligated then to carry out the deal, we That was dispo ... ed of. Now comes Article VII: ought to change the Constitution and give repre etitatives of That to enab-le the United States to maintain the independence of that kind power to make a treaty that will be binding. Cuba and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, may I suggest to the Senator the- Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands from Nebraska that it seems to me his observations would be necessary for coaling or naval stations at certain specified points, to be· unanswerable if they were applied to such situations as we agreed upon with the President of the United States. generally meet with ; but this case was special. Here the Con- . gress of the United States had said: "Two things remain to The point I want to make is this: That the consideration for be done-one, negotiate for a coaling station; the other, settle the granting of these coaTing stations is named in this Article title to the- Isle of Pines by treaty." Our act of Congress in VII, "to enable the United States to maintain the independence, 1901 had said those two things were both to be done. They of Cuba and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own bad to be done by negotiation between the two countries. Our defen e." 'l'hat was the consideration. That was why they commissioners, in the- exercise of their valid power-not by we1·e willing to give us the coaling stations, and that was why Executive direction merely, but becau. e Congress had in they wrote this article into their constitution. Then they after structed them-went there to do those two things, and they wards gTanted us pos ession of those coaling stations. I ay, did both of them. in harmony v;ith the view presented by the Senator from Ne Mr. NORRIS. Oh, no; they could not do the two things. braska, that if Cuba gained possession of the Isle of Pines Mr. PEPPER. They went there to negotiate a treaty, cer under Article I of the treaty, we had no business to attempt to tainly. trade it for coaling stations, because it already belonged to Mr. NORRIS. All right; they could negotiate a treaty. Cuba. If we got it under Article II of the treaty, the Senate Mr. PEPPER. And they went there to make the agreement ha no right to cede it by treaty. So, for my part, I am not of lea e. going to impute to the e commis ..Joners any sharp practice. Mr. NORRIS. All right. They had no power, of course, I am not going to raise a uspicion that they entered into a to make a binding treaty. deal. If they did, it was the wrong kind of a transaction, and 1\lr. PEPPER. Of course not, sir. I know the Senator~ from Pennsylvania would be one of the :Mr. NORRIS. If the one act depended upon the other, then first to resent it • to have been honorable and square they ought to have held But my point is-and I am sure the Senator from Pennsyl them both up until they could botli become effective and make vania sees it-that the consideration for the . granting of the the. contract complete. coaling stations in Cuba was to put the United States in posi Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I venture to believe that what tion to defend Cuba against any enemy and to gmuantee her is happening now is a thing that has· often happened befor~r independence. that we are troubled by questions which at the time were in Mr. GLASS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? the mind of nobody. I venture to suppose that when these Mr. PEPPER. I yield. . gentlemen sat at that table there was no doubt in the mind Mr. GLASS. That was one of the considerations, but what of either party that effect would be given to both the docu appears in the section ju t preceding might have been another ments that they negotiated. If anybody had then suggested the consideration ; that is, an adjustment of the disputed title to possibility of the assertion by the trustee of an adverse title the Isle of Pines. to a part of the trust estate, I do not believe that he would 1\lr. PEPPER. Quite so, 1\lr. President, and personally I have had any more hearing than a Congressman or a Senator share the view implied by the Senator from Virginia. But I would have had if, when the original declaration by the United believe the way this thing is to be decided finally b~ the Sen States was before the Congress and we had made that grandilo ate is not as the result of anybody trying to impose his views quent declaration that we were entering Cuba to pacify it and on the Senate, or insisting that other people shall draw the halld it over to the people, somebody bad risen in his place and same inferences he draws. I believe the only thing that is said: "Always subject to the proviso that we are entitled to going to influence- us finally is an orderly consideration of the . appropriate for ourselves a part of the trust estate when the facts as they occurred, and if it happen that Senators, after war is over." Very few votes could have been obtained for they understand the facts, reach the conclusion that this that proposition at the time. Nobody would have had much treaty ought to be ratified, ratified it will be. I for mvselt of a hearing if, at the conference where these documents have merely attempted to state in this summary fashion ;hat were negotiated, any such suggestion were made; and I ven I now put to my colleagues--first, that we originally took ture to believe that what has happened is that we are now possession of whatever we took possession of in and about the suffering the intellectual difficulty that comes from considera island of Cuba in the capacity of h·ustees; that we were tions that have crept into the case since the original transac trustees, not so much of defined territory, as trustees for a tion. It is because we are now under the pressure of subse struggling people ; that the thing they were struggling for was quent events that we are in doubt. If we could really think independence in respect not only of the mainland, but of what ourselves back to the moment of the conference, I believe that was adjacent to it; that when we took possession of the Isle our doubts would be resolved. of Pines our possession was that of a tru tee, and that from Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? that time on it ill became us ever to get from Spain any docu The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Penn ment of title which would have carried that island otherwise sylvania yield to the Senator from New York? than to Cuba; that therefore we should not be astute to Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator from New York. If stretch the language of ce sion in such a way as to include it, the Senator will permit me, I can finish in a very few moments recognizing, as I do, that there are those with far greater and yield the floor to him. experience and authority than I who think that it can be so Mr. COPELAND. Please do not do that. I want to ask a stretched. My own view is that it can not be by v.ny fair question, and I shall be glad to have the Senator answer it interpretation of the language. But assuming I am wrong, we before he completes his remarks. should not insist that language in the cession from Spain was. The Senator told the Senate a little while ago why the broad enough to include that which, if we take it, we take not Senator from New York rose to his feet. I do not know any from Spain, but from Cuba. I say that our conclusion should thing about the game of poker, but if I did I would not want -at least be influenced by the circumstance that whatever was 2866 co·~GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2 the nature of the transaction in 1903, they got nothing but an Mr. SIMl\lONS. There was a time when Spain did se'nd unratified treaty, and we got the thing which we were desirous some criminals to that island. She continued to do so for of having. some little time, but it was found that the waters between that 1\lr. President, the Island of Pines is a small place. The island and the mainland of Cuba were so shallow at some number of people, precious as their rights are, whose rights stages of the tide that those criminals could easily escape are involved, is relatively small. Cuba is a small and strug from the Island of Pines, and long before the insurrection in gling republic. Cuba, the other high-contracting party to this Cuba against Spain that custom, I think, had entirely disap treaty, is not in a position powerfully to assert her side of the peared. At least, from my studies of this matter, the inhabi case in such fashion that we must pause to listen. She can tants of the Island of Pines, at the time of the commencement not enforce our duty, but we can not sidestep it. We have a of the war between Cuba and Spain, were fail"ly representa duty, if not to Cuba, at least a duty to ourselves, and that is tive of the Cuban people. They were practically all natives of the duty of action. If we longer let this title hang in the air, Cuba, or were the descendants of native Cubans. it will continue to be a cause of irritation-even, shall I say, ~~hat matter is not left in doubt, however, because in Au· of indignation-in the minds of all the fl'iendly republics to gust, 1899, under the direction of President McKinley, Gen. the south of us. J. P. Sanger took a census of the Island of Pines, and I dis It is not for me to lecture the Senate on the international cover from the census taken by him that at that time he found implications of this situation, but they are most serious, as a population of 3,199. Of course, a part of those were children every Senator knows, and I am sure that everybody who can not of school age. Probably one-fourth of them were under see his way clear, without a betrayal of American rights, to 10 years of age. General Sanger also found in that census vote for the ratification of this treaty, will do it, because he that of these 3,199 people, including children below the school will be aware that if we reject it, the· question will still remain age, there were 954 inhabitants of the island who could both as an international irritant, and that nothing can set the read and write. question at rest except this treaty, because, for the reasons I l\fr. COPELAND. What date was that? tried to give awhile ago, it is not thinkable that Cuba, the l\1r. SIMMONS. August, 1899. That must have been some President, or the Senate, would ever put into effect a treaty thing like two-fifths, at least, of the people of the island of by which we were to acquire sovereignty and jurisdiction over school age who could read and write. He found that of those another island possession. possessing superior education there were 22. If you do see it as I do, if it does appeal to you that it is The figures disclosed by that census indicate that probably a challenge to our sense of fairness and to the spirit of our as large a percentage of the people of the Island of Pines could trusteeship, then, indeed, and then only, of course, will you read and write, and had a common-school education, as would be likely to conclude that, great as are all our movements and be found in a number of the States of this Union. efforts in the direction of peace, well as it may be to adhere l\fr. COPELAND. I am very glad to have had this statement to courts and join leagues and to vote to outlaw war, yet there from the Senator from North Carolina. I did not desire ta is a simpler, a more direct and practical thing that should be give a wrong impression at all. What I stated was what I done, not necessarily that we should leave the others undone, found in a printed paragraph from a statement made by the but this at least we ought to do-do justice to a friendly Isle of Pines Chamber of Commerce, in which it is said that- neighbor who was at one time our ward; who, while our ward, suffered us to take possession of something that she claimed, and Spain used the Isle of Pines for a penal colony, sending prisone.rs which since the time of evacuation and the removal of the from Porto Rico and Cuba. A Spanish captain general was in com American flag and the American troops we have kept in a state mand, and when insurrections broke out in Cuba he took his ptisoners of suspense, so that the question to-day, as I said a while ago, is over to Cuba to help put down the revolt. not a question between title in the .. united States and title in .Cuba but a question between title in Cuba and title in the air. But as regards this point we will have more ta say at an 1\lr. CURTIS obtained the floor. other time. I simply rose to say this- 1\fr. COPELAND. Mr. President-- 1\lr. Sll\L'-IONS. I merely wanted the S'enator to be correct 1\fr. CURTIS. If the Senator wants to address the Senate in that respect, because he was clearly in en·or and I know on the subject of the treaty, I will yield the floor to him. I that he did not desire to do himself an injustice. want to move that the Senate return to the consideration of l\lr. COPELAl\'TI. Na, and I shall be very glad to bring legislative business in open session when the discu sion of this further information on that subject. treaty shall have been concluded. Mr. President, I think we were all much impressed by what Mr. COPELAND. I desire to take a few minutes only. the Senator from Pennsylvania said, but I think that he founded l\lr. SIMMONS. l\1r. President, will the Senator yield to me his remarks upon a fal e premise, if I may be permitted to to ask a question before be commences his statement? say so. He fear that those of us who are opposing the treaty Mr. COPELAND. Certainly. are attempting to stretch the interpretation of the language tt) l\lr. Sil\11\lONS. I want to call his attention to a statement make out a claim for the United States regardless of what the he made a little while ago, so that he may have an opportunity, plain implication of the language may be. He is mistaken if he desires, to address his remarks to it. about that. The only interest I have in the Isle of Pines and I may have mistmderstood the Senator in his remarks in in this treaty is founded on the fact that there are 1,000 Amer the colloquy he had with the Senator from Pennsylvania and ican citizens living in the Isle of Pines and 10,000 American myself with reference to the inhabitants of the Isle of Pines. citizens owning property in the Isle of Pines. If I am rightly I did not catch very clearly what he did say, but I think he informed, about 90 to 95 per cent of the Isle of Pines is land said, in substance, in reply to my statement that there was owned by American citizens. abundant evidence showing the cooperation of the inhabitants Upon the wall of the ·senate Chamber is a map showing the of the island with those of Cuba in the insurrection against United States and its territories and insular possessions, and Spain, that they were a mere penal colony. Am I correct upon that map is portrayed the Isle of Pines represented as in that? American territory. On the strength of maps like that and Mr. COPELAND. I said that the island was used as a on the strength of statements made by those in high authority penal colony. I am well aware of the fact that there were in the Government of the United States that President Mc other citizens there than those who were incarcerated in Kinley believed the Isle of Pines belonged to the United State , the prLons. American citizens went to the Isle of Pines and invested their 1\lr. SIMMONS. In the connection in which the Senator money, and many of them made their homes there. The only made the observation, the inference, I think, was inevitable interest I have in the subject is to see that justice is done to that he meant that they were in chief part representative Americans. I have no intimate acquaintance with any person of the class of people who had been banished to that island living in the Isle of Pines or holding property there. I have by Spain for crime. talked regarding it with two or three persons whom I have Mr. COPELAl'l~. No; the Senator is mistaken. What I met casually. But there has come an appeal from American was seeking to bring out was the· fact that the island was being citizens to the American Government asking that justice shall used by Spain, among other purposes, as a penal colony, and be done. The only purpose I have in presenting the matter that prisoners were sent there, under charge of a captain gen or in prolonging the debate is that it may be made clear to eral, from other islands and from Cuba. the Senate whether or not those citizens of the United States l\1r. SIMMONS. I am sure the Senator from New York who have chosen to make their homes there because they be desires to be fair about this and does not desire to misrep lieved it to be American territory shall be protected in their resent the people of the Isle of Pines. claims, if they have any. Mr. COPELAND. Certainly not. Now, on the other hand-- 1925 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD~EN.ATE 2867 Mr. McCORMICK. Mr. President, will the Senator permit where they live. But there is a matter of sentiment involved a question? here which no one of us can disregard, because no one of us, Mr. COPELAND. Certainly. whether in Utah or whether in New York, desires to have the Mr. McCOR!\llCK. It would not follow that wherever American flag pullP.d down from over his domicile. Americans invested in property in great numbers the flag Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I move that the Senate re ought to follow the investment, would it? sume the consideration of legislative business. Mr. COPEL~"'D. No. I will say to the Senator from illi . The motion was agreed to, and the Senate resumed legisla nois that I think I am one Senator who believes that the pur tive session. pose of gor-ernment is to serve the people and not to protect WAR DEPARTMENT .APPBOP.IUATIONS-CO:NFERENCE REPORT property. I think I have said that before in the Senate. · If the Isle -of Pines belongs t-o Cuba and if these American citi Mr. WADSWORTH submitted the following report: zens never had any rights, we may owe them something for the mistake they have niade. That question we will discuss The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of at a later time; but my conviction at present is tha_t the Isle the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill of Pines was ceded by Article II of the treaty of Paris ; that (H. R. 11248) making appropriations for the military and it was included among the '1 other islands" mentioned there ; nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal that it is our property, and we could mor-e in now if it were year ending June 30, 1926, and for other purposes, bar-ing not for the fact that by the Platt amendment we mortgaged it. met, after full and free conference have agreed to recom In consequence there is a moral obligation upon our part mend and do recommend to their respective House as follows: either to ratify the treaty or to reject it and negotiate an That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered. 6, other one, in order that Americans there may be protected in 10, 11, 16, 18, 19, 26, 34, and 47. • ' their possessions and in their homes, which they believ Cuba we ha-re no moral right there. . 22, 231 24, 25, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, and 46, a'nd Mr. McCORMICK. What would the Senator say with regard agree to the same. to the other islands lying to the south of the coast of Cuba? Amendment numbered 30: That the House recede from its Mr. COPELAND. The Senator from Illinois has repeated disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 30, to me to-day a question which he asked me two weeks ago, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In and I will answer him in the same way. If we own the Isle lieu of the sum proposed insert the following : " $2,203,500 " ; of Pines, we own the other islands, too. They are not of much and the Senate agree to the same. consequence, I assume, but if Article I of the treaty of Paris Amendment numbered 31: That the House recede from its had poken of Cuba as an archipelago I would have then be disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 31, lieved the Isle of Pines and all those islands belonged to and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In Cuba; but if Spain relinquished title only to the island of lieu of the sum proposed insert the following: " $400,000"; Cuba, then the others come to us under the second article of and the Senate agree to the same. the treaty. The matter suggested by the Senator from illinois Amendment numbered 32: That the House recede from its {Mr. McCoRMICK] will make us more trouble when we get to it. disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 32, In the meantime I simply want to say that my anxiety is and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu to have Senators recall that the rights of American citizens are of the sum proposed insert the following : " $449,300 " ; and the at stake. These Americans have a moral claim upon the Gov Senate agree to the same. ernment by reason of the fact that they went there and pur Amendment numbered 37: That the House recede from its chased property upon the representations of our officials. We di agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered "37, may have to deal with them in some other way, but in the and agree to the same with an amendment as follows~ In lieu meantime let us be fair, let us give consideration to all these of the sum named in said amendment inseJ:t ".$20,000 " ; and matters and not do a hasty thing in ratifying the treaty. the Senate agree to the same. So far as Cuba is concerned, I want to say again-it seems Amendment numbered 40: That the House recede from its too bad, perhaps, to repeat it, but I do want to say it, because disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 40, I do not want to be misunderstood-that Cuba never had a and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : Restore better friend than I have been from the b~oinning. As a the matter stricken out by said amendment amended as fol young man, as I said the other day, I went about this country lows : On page 82 of the bill, in line 10, strike out the word and begged our people to influence the Government to intercede " in " and insert in lieu thereof the word " toward " ; and the in Cuba and stop the outrages there. I spoke many times from Senate agree to the same. the same platform with Mr. Quesada. I would not do a wrong Amendment numbered 41 : That the House reeede from its thing to Cuba then, of course, and I do not want to do it now ; disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 41, but much as I respect and admire Cuba I believe it is the duty and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of Senators to protect the rights of American citizens. When of the sum proposed insert the following : " $275,000 " ; and the the cry of an American is raised anywhere in the world, if that Senate agree to the same. citizens has a just claim it is the business of the Government The committee of conference have not agreed on amendments to give him protection, and I am sure that is the sentiment of numbered 1, 7, 9, 17, 29, and 42. all Senators. J. W. W .ADSWORTH, Jr., Mr. KING. M.r. President, will the Senator yield? .Mr. COPELAND. Certainly. W. L. JoNES, .l\Ir. KING. Is not the Senator assuming in the statement SELDEN P. SPENCER, which he has been making that Cuba will not deal justly DUNCAN U. FLE'rcHEB, WM. HARRIS, by American citizens who are residing there? If American J. citizens go into the Isle of Pines or into Cuba and acquire Managers on the part of the Senate. property rights there, have we not done our full duty to D.' R. ANTHONY, Jr., American citizens if we negotiate treaties with Cuba by which L. J. DWKINSO~, American citizens are protected, have acce s to their courts, BEN JOHNSON, and enjoy all property rights that are gh·en to other foreigners, Managers on the part ot the House. and certainly if they give them the same rights that are given to Cubans themselves? Mr. WADS WORTH. I may state in the interest of brevity Mr. COPELAND. I will say to the Senator from Utah that that the report is complete in its scope with the exception of I have no desire to give the impression that Americans will certain amendments which under the House rules must be ~ot be properly treated.. They will be properly treated. They voted upon separately in the Hom;;e. There is no disagreement would be properly treated in the island of Cuba or on the among the conferees. I ask for the adoption of the report. Isle of Pines regardless of the ownership of either. But no The report was agreed to. American of the type of those who went to the Isle of Pines voluntarily lea-res his country for permanent residence else LOUlSI.AN.A, THE LEADER OF THE SOUTH IN REFORESTATION where. They went there because they believed it was Ameri Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to can territory. They belie-red they were to be under the Stars have printed in the RECORD an address deli-rered by the senior and Stripes. It is not that I speak for t11eir legal rights or Senator from Loui There being no objection, the address was ordered to be very small. Protection, 1n his judgment, Is possible at a cost of not printed in the RECORD, as follows : over 5 cents per acre. At the present" time he has about 6,000 acres of land under fence, in order to keep the hogs out, and he feels that LoUISIANA, THE LEADER OF Tim SOUTH IN REFORESTATION the grass on this area will support several hundred head of cattle. [Address of United States Senator JosEPH El. RA~SDELL before a joint At the same time the land is growing up to young trees and the session of the Legislature of South Carolina at Columbia, January character of the grasses Is improving. 30, 1925] Mr. Hardtner, in addition, cooperates with the Yale University The continued prosperity of a State rests primarily ·upon the prod Forest School by permitting its graduating class to camp on his lands ucts of the soil made available by our three basic industries: Agri each year and carry on their studies. The students of this great uni cultme, mining, and lumbering. Of these three, agriculture alone versity have visited Urania regularly for the past 10 years, which fact promises to perpetuate itself, mining depends upon the discovery speaks volumes for the leadership assumed by Louisiana in practical and conset·vative use of existing stores of minerals, while lumbering reforestation. is rapidly exhausting a resource, which, by proper management of Mr. Hardtner is also cooperating with the Federal Government on an forest lands, can and should last forever. experimental tract of 1,700 acres, which is fenced and on which the The problem of the duration of our commercial forests reminds me Southern Forest Experiment Station of the United States Forest of perpetual motion. They are always just on the verge of exhaustion, Service wlll carry on experiments for a long period of years. The con but are never exhausted. That does not discourage the prophets. tract with Mr. Hardtner gives the Government 40 years' free use of They keep right on with their predictions and always set the day of this land, and it is expected that great good to the southern pine doom about 15 to 30 years ahead. timber industry will result from this cooperation. The longevity of the lumber industry depends on-: WORK OF THE GREAT SOUTHEn~ LUMBER CO. (1) The number of trees now in existence. (2) The drain upon the timber supply. :Mr. W. H. Sullivan, vice president and general manager of the (3) The rate at which forests are restored. Great Southern Lumber Co., at Bogalusa, La., is leading his company ( 4) The extent of cooperation in reforestation work. in a wonderful program of conservation and· reforestation. This com Worry about our forests began 300 years ago. Some of our early pany is the · Iargegt in the South and one of the largest in the world. colonial statesmen conceived the idea that the forest area of the It has placed under contract with the State of Louisiana 76,000 acres colonies was confined to a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast. of their cut-over lands for reforestation. Under the terms of the con Observing how the land was being cleared rather extensively for tract the company must do all it can to prevent the area from damage farms, and slightly for lumber manufacture, they became alarmed, by fire and to cause useful timber trees to grow thereon. About 25,00() and there was a brisk conservation agitation even then. However, acres of this land were cut over at a time when the company was in the tremendous extent of forest land became so obvious, that the no way concerned with forestry and hence so thoroughly denuded that prophets of exhaustion suspended operations until about 1870, when another crop of trees could not grow on it unless planted by hand. we got our first prediction of only 30 years to ruin. At the end of the present season it will have planted 10,000 acres About 1890 the alarm was sounded again, and although the pre of the 25,000 with little pine trees. A pine nursery is conducted by diction was misleading, as usual, it had substantial value as a con the company. Farmers are hired to plow the land, one furrow at tribution to the enthusiasm for conservation, which led to the setting intervals of 8 feet, and the little tree is planted in this plowed furrow aside of large parts of timbered public domain as national forests, to by the use of a wedge-shaped planting iron with an upright staff or be administered on the reproductive principle. handle. One jab with this tool leaves a wedge-shaped hole, usually a In 1902 the late B. E. Fernow, who was appointed the first ForestE-r small boy with a bundle of seedlings inserts the tree, and another jab of the United States after the creation of the Federal Bureau of For by the planter at an angle of 25 to 30 degrees pressing the dirt estry in 1001, estimated that our available timber supply would last against the roots of the tree with a final plunge of the shoe heel to only 35 to 50 years. According to his minimum limit, we are now stop up the last hole, makes a perfect planting, The man and boy only 12 years from exhaustion, and 27 years according to his maxi plant an average of 2,000 trees per day. mum. An annual convention of the Association of State Foresters of About 1909 1\IL', Gifford Pinchot, now Governor of Pennsylvania, America was recently held in Bogalusa. In a speech before the and then Forester of the United States, predicted that the timber re members, Colonel Greeley, Chief Forester of the United States, said, sources of the United States would be exhausted in 25 years. He in pat·t, "Bogalusa has become the mecca of the foresters of America, published a map sh<>wing that the Lake States pine would be gone in and the entire Nation's forest industries are soon to be modeled on 10 years, southern yell<>w pine in 14 years, and the Pacific coast's the example the Great Southern Lumber Co. is setting in permanency forests in 25 years. Fifteen years have passed, and they are still in continuous growing of timber as the foundation of all development cutting white pinE: in the Lake States. The time for the exhaustion in the utilization of every fact in the industry with the. complete of southern pine, according to Mr. Pinchot's prediction, has pas ed. elimination of wa te.'' This was a just tribute from as able a judge We are now cutting 12,000,000,000 feet of southern pine a year with as there is in America. every prospect that we shall be able to continue at the present rate The visiting foresters from the North uttered exclamations of amaze for at least 10 to 15 years more, and the Pacific coast forests will ment as they were shown seedlings which at Bogalusa attain a growth certainly last 70 years longer. in less than one year that the North can not equal in four years. They I would not have it appear from the foregoing that there is no saw in front of the city hall at Bogalusa, all compact in one and a danger of or that it is impossible t<> exhaust our forests. It can be third acres of ground, a miniature forest of four and one-half millions done, and, without certain measures of forest precaution, encourage of baby pine trees-every one of them with long tenacious roots ready ment, and conservation and of economy in the use of forest products, to be taken out and transplanted in the' thousands of acres where it will c<>me sooner or later. nrgin timber had been cut They learned with surprise that this re LUMBER COMPIU{IES AID MATERIALLY IN RESTORIXG OUR FORESTS foresting can be done at Bogalusa at a cost of $4 per acre, while the nearest the North can do to compare with this is $20 an acre and To Henry Hardtner, of the Urania Lumber Co., at Urania, La., is with results so far in the future that no living man can hope to see mainly due Louisiana's development along lines of reforestation. Mr. Harutner went into the lumber business at 20 years of age, and them. · through his ability has acquired about 75,000 acres of land. He cuts On the remaining part of the company's land under contract, some no timber under 12 inches in diameter on that land, and as a result 51,000 acres, the forest is being naturally restocked. On this area on every acre which he cuts <>ver a number <>f trees are left which some attention was paid to perpetuating the forest as the logging pro are sufficiently large to bear seed. The seed is scattered from the trees ceeded, with the result that enough seed trees and saplings were left 'Over the ground and an abundant crop of seedlings springs up. He to restore the tree growth without the necessity of planting young trees regards it as unprofitable to cut a tree below 12 inches in diameter, by hand. because such timber is more expensive to handle in all stages of the Fire prevention over the entire 76,000 acres costs the company a operation from the stump through the saw. Mr. Hardtner operates large sum annually. They have from 8 to 10 men on the pay roll Wh() a sawmill of 50,000 feet daily capacity, and expects to continue oper constantly' patrol the area. These men live at convenient locations on ating it indefinitely. Ile is an enthusiast over the prospects of grow the land and are all connected by 20 or more miles of telephone lines, ing timber in Louisiana. He firmly believes that if timber is taken with a man in an observation tower Wh() can reach them quickly in care of as cotton crops are 40,000 feet can be grown per acre in 50 case of fire. years, where, if nature is not given some help, only half that amount About 35,000 acres of this land have been fenced against hogs with may be grown. That is, lf the land is kept fully stocked with trees, good woven wire. Hogs destroy many young longleaf-pine seedlings the same as land would be fully planted to cotton, much higher yields through rooting them up and devouring the roots. They do this at a can be obtained than if nature is allowed to take her course. He has time when high water drives them out of the swamps to the high land, measured 25-year-old stands of loblolly pine on some of his land and where there is little else for them to eat. They destroy thousands of found that it would cut 50 cords of wood per acre. He has never seedlings. The Great Southern Lumber Co. finds that if hogs are planted any of his land, because it has been unnecessary. He is pro eliminated and fires prevented natural reseeding and reforestation of tecting about 50,000 acres of it, and his losses from fire have been the pine lands follow very readily, unless the land is entirely devoid 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2869. of old trees which will serve as seed trees. Gates without locks are mineral. The tax on timber is 2 per cent, figured on the stmnpage given to near-by farmers and they are pet~itted to use the land to value of the timber when cut, and this tax on timber now p1·oduces graze cattle. The few cattle compared with the extensive area do not about $360,000 a year in Louisiana. seriously interfere with or injure the little trees. Furthermore, these In 1916 further changes were made in t}Je Louisiana forestry laws. farmers have discovered the fallacy of burning the land for grazing One provision was to the effect that one-sixth of the severance tax purposes and assist the company in pre;enting fires. on forest products should go to the conservation commission for for The work being done at Bogalusa extends to other lands besides the estry work, beginning with 1918. This approprj.ation amounted to 76,000 acres of contracted area. The patrol district of the Great about 1,000 a month for the first two years. The money was u ed to Southern Lumber Co. in the parish, or county, takes in nearly 200,000 pay a State forester, and a small organization was set up. In the acres of land adjacent to its holdings. This necessarily includes a year 1920, which evidenced the real turning in Louisiana's forestry large area of land owned by people other than the lumber company. work, this amount, which is now the annual appropriation from this • The one outstanding feature of fire prenntion is that one can not do source, was increased to $60,000. A force of some 30 rangers were it alone; it is a common problem and others must be interested. For put to work to patrol the districts where most needed and to educate that reason the publicity department of the lumber company has con the public relative to the hazards of forest fires. During extremely stantly conducted an advertising or educational campaign in that dangerous periods additional guards w~rk under the district rangers. ~cinity. SEED-'1REE LAW STATE COOPJCBATION IX Rll.J!'ORESTATION Formerly logging operations were so conducted that more than The State, by all means, should cooperate in reforestation. I can enough trees were left standing, which were considered unprofitable say without fear of contradiction that Louisiana has developed an out to log, to furnish all the needs for reforesting. Within the last 20 standing leadership in this work. It ranks among the first in the years a much clo er utilization has been practiced, resulting in clean Union and without a doubt tops the list of the 16 Southern States. cutting and the destruction of all seed trees over large areas, especially Pardon me if I seem boastful in speaking of my State, but it is my in iong-leaf pine. The seed trees formerly left accidentally should be wish to assist the people of South Carolina, and I can do so in· no left purposely; but some trees must be left if pine is to be grown. better way than to ten you in plain, simple language what Louisiana Operators who formerly left these trees, as they supposed, to waste bas done and is doing in conserving its forests. I wish, therefore, to now remove them to realize a present increase in stumpage value dwell on the developments of Louisiana's forestry laws and to recite per acre. in a general way the gradual steps taken in the achievement of its suc- Mindful of this fact, in 1920 nnotbe_r law was passed in Louisiana cess in forestry work. · providing that on land not to be cleared for farming at least one seed In 1904 a law was passed by the legislature providing for a depart tree per acre must be left standing. This is often referred to as the ment of forestry and a fire-warden system. It also fixed penalties for "seed-tree law." This is an outstanding and progressive piece of legis setting fires on lands of another, etc., but carried no appropriations. lation. New Hampshire is the only other State which has adopted a In 1908 a temporary commission was appointed to investigate and similar measure. file a report on forest conditions in the State. Dw-ing the same year DEFERRED TAXES a chair of forestry was provided for at Louisiana State University in The two greatest necessities for the successful development of re Baton Rouge. It was not until 1910 that a permanent department of forestation work in Louisiana are equitable taxes on second-growth conservation with a State forester was created. The duties of the timber and fire prevention. Seventy-five per cent of the Division of forester were to promote forestry education, furnish plans and advice Forestry's problems at present is fire prevention. to owners of timberlands, aid materially in the elimination of forest While nature will regrow forests after a fashion if fires are kept out, fires, etc. A further development in the law provided that the owner I · the system of taxation largely determines whether it is economically of land assessed at less than $5 per acre could contract with the State fe11:sible for private owners to administer their lands on forestry prin to reforest it with valuable trees, to_pl'otect and care for the stand for ciples. Obviously none but the excessively rich can a.fford to administer 40 years, in return for which the land would be assessed at only $1 extensive areas or land on forestry principles if the annual taxes are per acre for the period of the conb·act. Since 1920 the $1 an acre more than equivalent to the annual growth. limit on valuation bas been eliminated, but it is agreed that the assess Louisiana is the first State to develop the so-called " deferred-tax" ment shall not be raised during the life of the contract. method. The proper way for forest taxation is to place a reasonaliie The first party to take advantage of this law was .EJenry Hardtner, value for assessment on the land, and no tax value should be set on of Urania. He put about 30,000 acres under contract in 1913. The the growing timber for a number of years. At the end of the period, latest report of the department of conservation states that prior to when the timber matures, the total valuation of the crop should be January 1, 1924, 12 contracts bad been entered into between land made and placed on the assessment roll for taxation until cut. The owners aud the State, totaling 141,845 acres. Three of the contracts deferred-tax method permits Louisianians to place their lands under are with large lumber companies and the balance with farmers and the forestry contract at a land value of not less than 3 per acre and small landowners throughout the State. In addition to the above, not more than $8 per acre. At the end of the first 10 years of the 15 applications have been passed on and approved by the State contract between the landowner and the department of conservation division of forestry and will be accepted by the police juries in the the timber growth on the contracted land is valuated and an increased parishes in which applications have been made at an early date. . value is added to the assessed value, and the total value is carried for It bas been called to my attention that small wood-lot or small-tract five years more from the date on which the said value was refixed, thus reforestation projects are developing to a considerable extent in the making 15 years. At the end of this period the lands are again valu Eouth Atlantic States, whereas reforestation on large tracts has so far ated and increased growth added to the existing value. The lands at »ot made much progress. In the colonial. period of this great country, the total valuation are carried through for another period of five years, when the Government was practically gi>ing forest away, it profited no and at the end of this period, or 20 years, tbe lands are valuated for rnan to undertake to regrow them. We are just arriving at a period the growth that has been obtained, and the total value is placed back when reforestation and private forestry is beginning to be profitable. on the assessment books subject to the taxes in force. Although the It it is remunerative enough to interest capital, our forestry problem law is not ideai, it is a vast improvement over conditions exL"iting in wi\.1 be settled by the old and unwritten law of su):}ply and demand. other States. If it is not, the forestry problem becomes one of governmental owner FIRE PREVENTIOY ship. Private enterprise will give us forests for perpetuity if it pays, Fire prevention in Louisiana is dependent upon the cooperation of all and 1! It does not public action will be necessary. By public action citizens with the division of forestry of the department of conserva I mean that the State and National Governments will be compelled tion. 'l'he forestry employees patrol the virgin forests and cut-over to actJuire large areas of denuded lands and so manage them that they lands throughout the State, irrespective of ownership. The holdings will be reforested and thereafter administered on a sustained yield of small landowners a1·e given as much consideration as the lands of basis. Forest products are so necessary to the health, happiness, and large owners. prosperity of the people and forested lands serve so many purposes in RANGER ORG.!NIZATIO~ the national economy that State and Nation may well be justified in doing what the individual can not afford to do. As stated, the greatest drawback to reforestation is fire. Fire prevention organization in Louisiana has been divided as follows: The SEVERA..~CE TAX whole work is under the supervision of a ranger supervisor. 'l'he State The United States Forest Service tells me that the "severance is divided into two units; each unit is in charge of a chief ranger, who tax " on timber is unique to Louisiana. Arkansas is the only other has under his direction all forest rangers, patrolmen, cooperative patrol State in the Union which has a law somewhat similar. This severance men, and wardens. The duties of the rangers are to organize their tax, which has attained world-wide fame, was devised by Henry employees to efficient fire-fighting organizations for keeping down fires. Hardtner and adopted by the Louisiana Legi2lntion as Act 196 ot 1910. To do this work it necessitates the posting of fire signs stating the This law is a revenue measure. It provides that a tax shall be levied forest laws. The men must be capable of appearing before schools and on natural resources, such as timber, oil, sulphur, salt, gas, etc., when other public gatherings, talking on reforestation work, and enlist the they are severed from the soil, by cutting the timber or mining the aid of citizens who are interested a.r d willing to help in the work. I.JXVI--182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY •2 J'GRliiST PATROLMEN, COOPE.RATIVI!l PATROLMEN, AND WARDENS was charged for board. Sleeping quarters were furnlshed, oonslsting Forest patrolmen, cooperative patrolmen, and wardens are all " short of waterproof tents with wooden floors. All members of the forestry time" employees, their services being required during the fall to the division, ranger supervisors, chlef ranger, and rangers must attend spring months-from October 1 to April 1. The cooperative patrolmen the school for a periol} ot three weeks. are paid jointly by the forestry division and the landowners, each :BOYS' ll'ORESTBY CLUBS IN LOUISIANA pa rty contributing half of the salary. In this manner the interest of The farm forester supervises the boys' forestry club work. .Each the landowner is aroused since he pays half of the salary. Under the boy selects from 1 to 3 acres of cut-over second-growth timberland. Weeks law, the Federal Government gives Louisiana about $21,000 Under the direction of the forester the boys build fire lanes around annually. This fund is used in paying the short-time employees for the their plots to protect them from fire and remove all inflammable mate erection of fire towers, telephone lines, etc. rial from under the trees. The boys• forestry club work is the fir t FIRE TOWERS of this kind in the United States and was originated by Col. W. II. The Great Southern Lumber Co. at Bogalusa and the Urania Lum Sullivan, of Bogalusa. Mr. Sullivan offers $500 in cash as a prize • ber Co. each have a 70-foot steel tower located on the highest bills in fllr the boy making the best showing. Several parishes throughout their localities. These towers permit the men in charge to locate fires the State also offer prizes amounting to aoout $50 each for this work. within an 8-mile radius. Both towers are connected with telephone This naturally establishes rivalry among the boys. This club work lines to the homes of the various employees. Many fires have been is one of the greatest factors in establishing interest and cooperation allowed to burn because they were out of the vision of the employees in forestry among the citizens of Louisiana. For every boy registered and the observation towers have made it possible to eliminate such at least five adults are lnr;erested and help him to win the prize. At fires and have been very effective. It is the intention of the forestry present there are about 700 boys enrolled in this club throughout the di:v"i.sion to erect more of these towers throughout the State. State. Maine was the first State to e-stablish such a look-out system for de BOY SCOUTS PRACTICE FORESTRY tecting forest fires. To-day there are about 70 look-out towers scat .Another branch of this work is the organization of forested areas tered ~ver that State, and there will be some additions even to that for the Boy Scout troops. Twel-ve such areas are located in the State. number. New York bas ~4, Pennsylvania 111, Michigan 115, Massa Landowners lease for a period of years about 10 acres to each troop· chusetts 40, etc. with the agreement that the scouts wm protect these lands against LOGGI~G-EQUIPMENT !~SPECTOR fire and game violation, also that they will practice forestry. The division of forestry hB:s an agent who supervises the spark FORESTRY EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS arrester law. "This law provides for the installation of spark arresters The farm fot·ester .spends a great deal of his time visiting public on nil locomotives, logging engines, portable and stationary engin('S schools throughout the State lecturin~ on the purpose of reforestation which burn wood, coke, or coal in their ooilers, and which are used or and the beneflts to be derived therefrom. In addition to this work of operated within 20() fe.et of any grass, brush, cut-over or forest lands. the ;farm forester, the superintendent o! the State department <>! edu When the inspector discovers a violation he reports it to the commis cation has been cooperating with the division of forestry and has sioner of conservation. During the last five years it has not been requested the suJ>erintendent to Issue elementary textboo.k.s on forestry necessary to file charges against anyone, as they have all been willing subjects, which have been included ttS paJ:t of the educational curric to comply with the law and make such improvements as are suggested ulum of public schools since last September. In only one other oy the inspector. State, Tennessee, is adequate provlslon made at the present time by STATE FORESTS law for the teaching of forestry in all the public schools. The division of forestry, under the general forestry conservation Another means <>f stimulating interest and also in educating the law of 1924, hli.S authority to acquire forests for the State in order to young people of the high schools, are the boys' forestry essay contest demonstrate the practical utilities of reforestation and at the same time and the girls' forestry essay contest. These two essays were started jn to establish game refuges for the development of wild life. In addi 1922. To the three graduating high-school boys who wl'ite the best tion, these forests oi!er an opportunity to carry on many practical ex essays on the Louisiana forestry problems scholarships al'e awarded periments and investigative work necessary for securing statistics for to the summer forest camp. The scholarship includes all tuition and Louisiana. board. To the three girls who write the best essays on tbe same The division of forestr] has purchased 2,200 acres of timber land subject are giv~n cash prizes of $25, $15, and $10. which had been cut 25 years ago. This tract lies in the lower Rapides A.BBOlt DAY CELEBUT'ION Parish, 2 miles south of Woodwortb. It is the intention of the division The celebration of Arbor Day, under section 14 of act 00 'Of 1922, to purchase at least five more tracts of 2,000 to 3,000 acres each lo is observed by all public schools on the second Friday in JanuarJ'. cated in different parts of the State. This ls legislation of a most forward type, in which Louisiana 1.s a KA.TIONAL FORESTS IN LOTJISIANA pioneer. Under the general forest conservation law, Lollisiana has authorized SOME FORESTRY DEVELOPMENTS IN OTHER STATES purchase b-y the 'United States, or the acceptance of gifts by the United Forestry development in other States which are perhaps of interest States, of such land in Louisiana as in the opinion of the Federal to any State just starting on a program o! forestry legislation and Government may be need~d for the establishment of a national forest effort may be summed up rather briefly. There are 32 States which oT forests. The State retains concurrent jurisdiction with the United have inaugurated forestry or forest-fire work, the majority through States in arul over such lands so that civil process in all cases and the establishment by law of forestry departments. Among these criminal process against a person charged with a erime may be exeeuted Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, in the same manner a before the passage of the act auth<>rizing the and Texas represent the southern element. purchase of such land by the United States. Up to the present, no STATEl NUBSBRIES national forests have been established in the State. An activity which is easily understood by the citizens of the STA'fl!l DIS'l'.RIDUTlON OF FOREST TREES States and does much to interest and convince them as to the practical Louisiana is now furnishing young trees at a reasonable cost to peo ity of forest measw·es is that of growing and distributing from State ple in the State for forest planting. Virginia is the only other South owned nurseries small forest trees, either tree or a.t a. cost ot produc ern State which Is doing likewise. tion to people within the States, for forest planting purposes. Four NATIONAL SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION teen States maintain snch nurseries and distribute twelve to ilf Tbe headquarters of the national southern forest experiment station teen million trees annually to private owners within their borders. are at New Orleans. Exceptional facilities are offered for contact be New York and Pennsylvania are in the forefront of such endeavor tween the forest research stafr there and owners of timberland and find that even with the :nurseries, having a production of several throughout the South-a contact of great importance ln encouraging million trees in each case, they are unable to meet the demands for the practice of forestry. New OrleaDB is well situated for reaching young trees which conre from the people. Both States are enlarging any part of' the Southern Pine Belt. Although the headquarters must their nursery capacity to take care of the demand. It is a llne ot perforce be in one .Place, the work o! the station extends over every effort which can be re.commend~d. part of the southern pine region. STATII FOllESTS I.OUISIA.N.A SUMMER FOREST CAMP Nineteen Stat~s have established State forests tots11ng about One of the pr<>hlems encountered in the organization of forestry 6,500,000 acres and have planted 90,000 to 1.0D,OOO acres of these forces in Louisiana wai the lack of trained men. The final solution lands with young trees. State forests offer an opportunity for the of the problem was the establishment in 1921 of the Louisiana summer production oi ·timber by the States on lrulds which otherwise would forest camp. This school was originated and supported by the de be ldle and perhaps even revert to the State for taxes. They atrord partment of conservation in cooperation with the Louisiana .State ar~a.s where people can go for recreation, such as flshlng, bathing, and University at Baton Rouge, where a splendid course in forestry is neu lmnting, and if desirable, certain portions of them can be main conducted. The first session of the sehool was .beld near Bog.alnsa. tained as ~aM:ua.l game preserves where various pectea ot natlv.e game, A fee of $3 was charged for registration and a charge of $5 per w~k some o! which are all too rapidly passing out of existenc•, can be 1925 CONGRESS! ON AL R.ECORD-SEN ATE 28711 - - . perpetuated and increased in number. New York was one of the fancy has the inquiring spirit of an investigator. But the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from South Mr. STERLING. Mr. President, I understand it is desired Dakota yield to the Senator from Ohio? that an executive se ·ion shall be held and I will yield the l\Ir. STERLING. I yield to the Senator. floor at this point for that purpose. ' Mr. WILLIS. I wish to be nre that I understand the Sena EXECUTIVE SESSION tor'r-: statement. I desire to ask what is the appropriation for Mr. ~URTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con tlw current year? sideration of executive business. Mr. STERLING. For the current year, 1925, the appropria- T~e mot:ton was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the tion is $75,000,000 for general road building. ~onsideration of executive business. After five minutes spent ~Ir. WILLIS. Is it proposed that this amonnt shall be ad ~ executive ses~on the doors were reopened, and (at 4 di tional, making a total of $150,000,000? o clock and 30 mmutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to :\Ir. STERLING. The appropriation authorized by the bill morrow, Tuesday, February 3, 1925, at 12 o'clock meridian. for each of thP. years 1926 and 1927 is $75,000,000. :\Ir. WILLIS. In other words, the Senator from South Da- kota is, in effect, proposing to double the appropriation? CONFIRMATIONS :\Ir. STERLING. No. Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate Febntary Mr. WILLIS. Then, I do not under.~ tand the proposition. f?, 1925 1\Ir. STERLING. The appropriation for each year is the same as for the year 1fi25, which was $75,000,000. For each of GOVERNOR OF HAW.All the two year. 1926 and 1927 the appropriation authorized by W&llace R. Farrington to be Governor of llawail. the pending bill is $75,000,000. · UNITED STATES ATTORNEY l\Ir. WILLIS. I misunderstand either the Senator or the . Sa~uel W. ~cN~bb to be United States attorney, southern language of his bill. 'l.'he bill at the bottom of the first page d1str1ct of Califorma, vice Joseph C. Burke, resigned. reads: PoSTMASTERS There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in tbe MICHIGAN Treasury not otherwise appropriated the following additional sums- Claude B. Hoffmaster, Hopkins. That would ·eem to indicate that the amo\mt authorized in Asher B. Merritt, Leonidas. the pending bill is to be in addition to the amount already pro NEBRASKA vided for, which make~ a very material difference. If it is ad Harry A. Moore, Du Bois. ditional, it, in effect, doubles the appropriation. Mr. STERLING. Mr. President, I suppose if there is any NORTH CAROLIX A part of an appropriation previously made which may yet be Ophus L. R:obertson, Leaksville-Spray. apportioned to several States, this would be in additio_n; but, PENNSYLVANIA as a matter of fact, I think that each of the several States has Daisy W. Shaw, Folcroft. been allotted its- proportion of the appropriations previously Berth~,t N. Stiner, Moylan. made. Mr. WILLIS. But what I want to get at is this: I am very much in favor of the good-roads program and of apf>ropriations sub$tantially as we have been making them, which, as I un HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES der~tand, are approximately $75,000,000 a year. ~ioNnaY, Feb'f'Uary ~, 19~5 Mr. STERLING. Yes, sh·. :\Ir. WILLIS. To what extent does the Senator's bill pro The Hom:;e met at 12 o'clock noon. po..ze to add to that appropriation? The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered l\11·. STERLING. It authorizes appropriations of $75,000,000 the. following prayer : for each of the two years 1926 and 1927. If there is any Our bles ed Father in heaven, our breath is hu hed in Thy thing left of appropriation already made, that may be applied holy presence, for Thou art altogether identified with all the in either of those years. I suppose it would be applied. That merciful blessings of our lives. 0 may these be u,:ed for Tby may be what is meant by the language of the bill, " the follow glory and for the good of our fellow men. We thank Thee for ing additional sums.'' material and intellectual progress, but may we know Thee, Mr. WILLIS. But at any rate, there is an addition of whom to know is life eternal! Let Thy spirit be a passion $7,500,000, as is et forth on page 3 of the bill, making the total in our souls ; then the pro pect of earth and the great hereafter annual appropriation '82.500,000 in tead of 75.000,000? i sublime. Write Thy law in all our hearts and lead us on. Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. Pre 'ident, I de ire to ay that in prob Help us to be gentle without being weak, strong without being ably all of the previous bills which we have passed making coa:r.· e, bumble without being servile, positive without being appropriations for Federal aid in the construction of roads the intolerant. We pray in the name of Jesus our Savior. Amen. appropriation has been for $75,000,000 a year for general road purposes, and in addition there has been made a special appro The Journals of the proceedings of Saturday and Sunday priation for roads in the forest reserves. were read and approved. l\Ir. STERLING. That is what I intended to peak of LEGISLATIVE .APPROP:S.IATIO.N BILL furLher; I did make me-ntion of it a while ago. I stated that Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa, by direction of the Committee on this bill carried $75.000,000 for each of the two years I have Appropriations, reported the bill (H. R 12101) making appro nR med for general road purpo es and $7,500.000 for each year priations for the legislative branch of the Government for the for foreRt roads and trails. There has been an appropriation fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and for other purpose , which since 1916 made every y€'ar for the latter purpose. was read a first and second time, and, with the acco.n:panying Mr. WILLIS. But, with that exception, it is the contention of the Senator that this appropriation is not, in effect, an in report, referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. crease compared with previous app1·opriations ? Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado reserved all points of order . ... Ir. STERLING. There is a slight increase 0-f the amount 'The SPEAKER. The Chair will state for the information of for forest road ::~ and trails. I think the appropriation for that pw·po._· e for the two preceding years was $6,500,000 for each the Hou e that the Chair expects about 1 o'clock to recognize year, and in this bill au appropriatio-n of $7,500,000 is carried a Member to move to suspend the rules and pass the public buildings bilL for that purpo. e. Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, several Members asked me to 1\:Ir. \VILLIS. I do not desire to have the Senator misun make a point of no quorum so they would be notified and derstand my po3tion; I am in favor of Federal aid for road building ; but I believe that the condition of the Treasury is could come over. not . uch as to warrant what seemed to be a doubling of the The SPEAKER. That will be about 1 o'clock. Mr. BLANTON. I mean now. amount of the appropriation for that purpose in a single The SPEAKER. They will all be over by 1 o'clock, probably. year. "\Vill the gentleman wait until then 1 Mr. STERLING. It is not a doubling of the appropriation. Mr. BLANTON. Yes; I will wait a while. 1\Ir. WILLIS. The Senator, then, thinks that substantially we are now proposing to appropriate the same amount which OIL POLLUTION OF NAVIGABLE RIVERS }las heretofore been app1•opriated for this purpose? The fu"'t bill on the Consent Calendar was the bill (H. R. "Mr. STERLING. Yes ; and not SO- much a we appropriated 9199) to prevent the pollution by oil of uavigable rivers of the annually for the years 1919, 1920, and 19'J.A. United States. Mr. CURTIS rose. The Clerk read the title of the bilL •