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Texto Completo (Pdf) BALDUINIA, n. 51, p. 12-24, 10-III-2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2358198021422 TEXTOS INÉDITOS DE FRIEDRICH SELLOW. 1 – VIAGEM ÀS MISSÕES JESUÍTICAS DA PROVÍNCIA DE SÃO PEDRO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL1 JOSÉ NEWTON CARDOSO MARCHIORI2 RODRIGO CORRÊA PONTES3 DANIEL LENA MARCHIORI NETO4 RESUMO No presente artigo são reproduzidos, em português, trechos inéditos de uma carta de Friedrich Sellow ao barão de Altenstein narrando sua viagem às Missões Jesuíticas do Rio Grande do Sul em 1826, juntamente com ilustração do mesmo botânico. Palavras-chave: Botânica, Brasil, Friedrich Sellow, História Regional, Missões Jesuíticas, Rio Grande do Sul, Sellow. ABSTRACT [Unpublished texts by Friedrich Sellow. 1 – Journey to Jesuit Missions of Saint Peter’s Province of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)]. Excerpts from an unpublished letter sent in 1826 by Friedrich Sellow to Altenstein Baron reporting his journey to the former Jesuit Missions of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) are reproduced in Portuguese in this article, for the first time, along with a drawing of the same botanist. Key words: Botany, Brazil, Friedrich Sellow, Jesuit Missions, Regional History, Rio Grande do Sul, Sellow. INTRODUÇÃO De fato, parece inconcebível que um único Abeillard Barreto, o maior conhecedor da naturalista tenha conseguido reunir coleções tão xenobibliografia sul-rio-grandense, já afirmava prodigiosas de plantas, animais, minerais e fós- em 1976 que o legado científico, literário e ar- seis no Rio Grande do Sul, ao mesmo tempo em tístico de Friedrich Sellow constitui “material que registrava observações metereológicas e de primeiríssima ordem para a história” do es- astronômicas, elaborava glossários de termos tado sulino, apesar de restar esquecido, “à es- charruas e minuanos, bem como desenhos de pera de atenção das autoridades governamen- cidades, paisagens, tipos humanos, armas, uten- tais, das entidades de cultura do Rio Grande do sílios e técnicas de produção. Quase todo este Sul” ou, ainda, de “alguma organização teuto- material, infelizmente, ainda continua inédito, brasileira” que se empenhe em “tornar conheci- guardado em instituições que apenas recente- dos os resultados invulgares e universais” de mente começam a divulgar esses tesouros ao sua “unipessoal” expedição científica.5 público. Este é o caso de Die Erkundung Brasiliens, de Zichler, Hackethal & Eckert6 , que em obra ricamente ilustrada fornece uma amos- 1 Recebido em 05-12-2015 e aceito para publicação em tra significativa da contribuição científica e ar- 20-2-2016. 2 Engenheiro Florestal, Dr. Professor Titular do Depar- tística de Friedriech Sellow à terra brasileira. tamento de Ciências Florestais, Centro de Ciências A esse respeito, cabe salientar que Stephen Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Bol- Bell, antes mesmo da referida obra, já dizia não sista de Produtividade em Pesquisa (CNPq-Brasil). [email protected] 3 Geógrafo, mestrando do Curso de Pós-Graduação em tribuição portuguesa e estrangeira para o conhecimento Geociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. e a integração do Rio Grande do Sul. Rio de Janeiro: [email protected] Conselho Federal de Cultura, 1976. p. 1260. 4 Professor, Dr. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. 6 ZICHSLER, H.; HACKETHAL, S.; ECKERT, C. Die [email protected] Erkundung Brasiliens. Friedrich Sellows unvollendete 5 BARRETO, A. Bibliografia sul-riograndense. A con- Reise. Berlin: Galiani, 2013. 253 p. 12 compreender como os acadêmicos sul-brasilei- Humboldt10 , em carta de 25-12-1853, que “de- ros, muitos dos quais de origem teuto-brasilei- pois dos sábios trabalhos do Sr. Sellow no Bra- ra, não trataram de pesquisar mais a fundo o sil”, a sua própria coleção iria merecer “pouco acervo de Sellow no Museu Zoológico de apreço”.11 Berlim, a despeito da intensa cooperação inter- O grande Saint-Hilaire12 , que esteve com o nacional existente entre Alemanha e Brasil. viajante na “Fábrica de Ferro” de Ipanema13 , Demonstrando investigação na fonte, o histori- arredores de Sorocaba (São Paulo), estendeu- ador americano comenta que ali se encontram se em comentários a respeito do “jovem desenhos de índios, feitos pelo naturalista, e prussiano” em sua Viagem à Província de São plantas de antigas reduções jesuíticas do Rio Paulo.14 O francês refere-se à Sellow como ho- Grande do Sul.7 Vinda a lume em 2010, a críti- mem de “conhecimento bastante vasto” em bo- ca de Bell fica inteiramente comprovada com a tânica, e que se dedicava às “pesquisas com um publicação de Die Erkundung Brasiliens, uma zelo e uma energia sem par”, apesar da saúde vez que a obra fornece alguns dos preciosos frágil. A seu favor, ainda, registrou que ele “sa- desenhos de Sellow, juntamente com textos bia manter uma conversa inteligente sobre ou- muito elucidativos. tros assuntos, conhecia várias línguas e mostra- O escasso conhecimento no Brasil sobre a va possuir senso crítico e vivacidade de espíri- contribuição de Sellow torna-se ainda mais di- to”.15 fícil de aceitar quando se verifica que renomados intelectuais e cientistas do século dezenove já eram unânimes ao destacar o esforço quase so- 9 Ao tempo da viagem de Sellow pelo sul do Brasil e o Uruguai, Bonpland achava-se retido no Paraguai, por bre-humano do viajante. Sem esgotar o tema, ordem do ditador Jose Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. cremos que bastam as quatro referências abai- 10 Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Heinrich Alexander von xo expostas para aquilatar-se a merecida fama Humboldt (1779-1859). Viajante e naturalista alemão, Humboldt foi uma das personalidades mundiais mais do intrépido naturalista em seu tempo. importantes de sua época, sendo considerado o funda- Aimé Bonpland8 , que não chegou a conhecê- dor da moderna Geografia Física. Eclético, sua biblio- lo pessoalmente, mas soube por terceiros de sua grafia versa sobre os mais variados campos do conheci- atividade9 , confidenciou a Alexander von mento: botânica, zoologia, geologia, geografia, agricul- tura, climatologia, economia, história, arqueologia, lin- güística e política. 11 HAMY, E.T. Aimé Bonpland, médecin et naturaliste, explorateur de l’Amérique du Sud. Sa vie, son oeuvre, 7 “Given the intense cultural cooperation between sa correspondance. Paris: Librairie Orientale & Germany and Brazil, it is difficult to understand why Américaine E. Guilmoto, 1906. southern Brazilian academics (not a few of whom stem 12 Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire from German-Brazilian backgrounds) have not done (1779-1853). Viajou pelo centro-sul do Brasil de 1816 more to assess the papers at Berlin of the naturalist a 1822, deixando a mais importante coletânea de rela- Friedrich Sellow. This includes his drawings of tos de viagem sobre nosso país. Suas coletas de plantas indigenous people and his plans of the former Jesuit brasileiras estimam-se em 30.000 exemplares, perten- missions in Rio Grande do Sul” (BELL, S. A life in centes a mais de 7.000 espécies, das quais cerca de 4.500 shadow. Aimé Bonpland in Southern South America, eram até então desconhecidas pelos cientistas. 1817-1858. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. 13 Construída por iniciativa da coroa portuguesa em 1798, p. 226). para industrializar o minério do cerro de Araçoiaba, des- 8 Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858). Médico francês, compa- coberto pelo bandeirante Afonso Sardinha em 1589. Em nheiro de Alexander von Humboldt na famosa “Viagem Ipanema foram instalados os primeiros altos-fornos do às Regiões Equinociais do Novo Continente”. Residiu Brasil (1817), obra do engenheiro alemão Franz em São Borja (Rio Grande do Sul) de 1831 a 1851, após Varnhagen (1782-1842), pai do historiador brasileiro dez anos de cativeiro no Paraguai do ditador Francia. Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen. Percorreu o Rio Grande do Sul coletando plantas e ne- 14 SAINT-HILAIRE, A. de. Viagem à Província de São gociando gado, vindo a falecer em sua estância de Paulo. São Paulo/Belo Horizonte: Editora da USP/ Santana, ao sul da atual cidade argentina de Paso de Itatiaia, 1976. 229 p. Los Libres (Corrientes). 15 SAINT-HILAIRE, 1976. Op. cit., p. 194-195. 13 O Visconde de São Leopoldo16 , nos Anais Sellow não teve tempo para publicar artigos da Província de São Pedro, manifestou-se agra- científicos ou livros de viagem, para os quais decido a Sellow pela contribuição fornecida à estava plenamente preparado. Mesmo assim, a sua obra e à terra gaúcha. Ao relatar o teor de sua contribuição, que tanto impulso deu às ci- uma “derradeira carta de despedida”, enviada a ências naturais, serviu para guindar à celebri- 10 de março de 1827, quando o naturalista pre- dade “toda uma plêiade de pesquisadores do parava-se para deixar o “sertão de Lapa” século dezenove, restando ao desafortunado (Paraná), em direção a São Paulo, o historiador coletor o empréstimo de seu nome a centenas confessou “não poder ainda recordar-se sem lá- de plantas, animais e fósseis, descritos a partir grimas” do viajante, acrescentando que no re- dos materiais por ele penosamente reunidos”.21 ferido documento “transpiram incessantes vo- Ao contrário de Saint-Hilaire, de Martius22 , de tos pela prosperidade” do Rio Grande do Sul.17 Lindman23 e outros tantos luminares que vive- Ignatz Urban18 , por sua vez, autor do mais ram o suficiente para bem aproveitar o esforço completo esboço biográfico do naturalista até o empreendido em suas expedições pelo interior momento, chegou a afirmar que “se fosse con- do Brasil, e para publicar livros de viagem me- cedido a Sellow retornar a sua pátria”, ele, sem recidamente famosos, ainda não coube a Sellow dúvida, teria granjeado, pelo estudo dos tesou- nem mesmo a dedicação de um pesquisador in- ros trazidos, um dos nomes mais brilhantes no teressado em elaborar uma biografia definitiva, âmbito das “ciências naturais”.19 à altura de sua afanosa existência. O motivo do incompleto reconhecimento Publicado por Urban há mais de um século, sobre o legado de Sellow começa a desvelar-se o Rascunho Biográfico24 ainda constitui refe- no exame da biografia do inditoso viajante.
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