Black Sea Index

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17059-9 — Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture Around the Black Sea Edited by David Braund , Edith Hall , Rosie Wyles Index More Information

Black Sea Index

Abdera 94, 203, 365 n. 10, 486, 487 Prometheus Unbound 9, 229 n. 8, 242–6, Academy of Plato 47, 54 252, 261, 437 Achaios (tragedian from Eretria) 20 Seven Against Thebes 233–5, 239, 246–7 Achilles 6, 12–13, 30–2, 39, 47, 88, 96–7, 100, Suppliant Women 267, 273 n. 25 103, 122–4, 207, 225, 250, 262, 293, 298, Women of Etna 53, 82, 90 336, 367, 453–65, 466–9 [Aeschylus] acrobats 202 Prometheus Bound 3, 9, 225–51, 264, 276, actors 12, 16, 18, 20–2, 25, 57, 64, 119, 121, 437 126–7, 128, 129, 132, 143, 146, 165–6, 175, Aethiopis 31 and n. 22, 262 n. 56, 457 177–221, 309, 347, 372, 398–400 Agaetes 104–5 comic 7, 19, 48, 64 n. 18, 59–81, 126–7, Agamemnon 33–4, 36, 47, 207, 292–3, 298–9, 140–5, 147–8, 150, 153, 156–8, 160, 162, 454, 456–7 163, 349 Agathon (tragedian) 16 satyric 101–2, 137–9, 156–8 See also Agave (mythical figure) 451 technitai Agones, agonothetic 95, 131–2, 161, 166, 170, tragic 8, 19, 164, 167–8, 307, 324 173–4, 178, 197, 212, 272 tragoedic (tragic singers) 165 and n. 20, 168, Alcaeus 32, 96, 460 247 n. 88 Alexander III of Macedon (the Great) 4, 9 n. 7, Adriatic xxx, 6, 10, 19 16 n. 7, 21, 47, 57, 88, 161, 368, 384, 389, Aeetes 26, 45, 104–5, 259, 260 and n. 45, 269, 413 n. 34 277, 286, 380 Alexandria, Alexandrian 46, 57, 385, 392, Aegeus (mythical figure) 270 476–80, 484–5 Aegina 20, 97 Alexis (comic poet) 20 Aelius Herodianus (grammarian) 55 n. 49, 104 Amastris 49, 163 nn. 6 and 9, 169, 487–8 Aeneas (mythical figure) 33, 311, 323 Amazon, Amazons 8, 31, 45–6, 122, 123–5, Aeschines 72, 85–6, 94, 95, 273 and n. 22, 274 128, 237–8, 348, 366, 436, 464, 473 Aeschylus 5, 6, 15, 20, 47, 53–5, 126, 212, 226, Amirani (Caucasian folk–hero) 240 and nn. 229 n. 8, 235, 238 n. 50, 244, 252, 254 n. 59–60, 241 10, 255–6, 264 n. 67, 276, 444, 457 Amisos 50, 169, 170, 382 n. 33, 389 Agamemnon 47, 274, 457 Amphitrite 468 Argo (Oarsmen) 252, 256, Anacharsis 438, 440–4 and n. 29, 449, 450–1 263 n. 63 Anapa settlement 338 Circe 212 Anaxandrides (comic poet) 20 Eumenides 244 Anthesteria 64 Iphigenia 38 Antigonus 57 Oreithyia 252, 260 Antioch-on-the-Orontes 184, 385, 392, 394, Pentheus 444, 451 396 Persians 82, 238 n. 50, 244, 247 n. 90, 256, Antiphanes (comic poet) 55 and n. 50 267, 472 n. 2 Antoninus Liberalis 459 Phineus 252, 256, 258, 260, 264 Antoninus Pius 175 n. 73, 208, 218, 385, 397 Prometheus Pyrphoros 229 n. 8, 245–6, 437 Apatouria (festival) 100

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17059-9 — Ancient Theatre and Performance Culture Around the Black Sea Edited by David Braund , Edith Hall , Rosie Wyles Index More Information

Black Sea Index 543

Apatouron (Phanagoria) 100–1, 103 Artemis 5, 7, 32–3, 37–9, 49, 76, 125, 269, Aphrodite xxvii, 7, 33, 37, 60, 95 n. 39, 100–1, 284–6, 290, 295, 299, 301, 305–27, 336, 103, 125, 274, 287, 340, 341, 344 n. 75, 349, 352, 397, 453–5, 457, 459 349, 442, 459 articulated figurines 400–32 Api (Scythian deity) 125 Asclepius 382–3, 486 Apicius 479 Astydamas (tragedian) 55 Apollo 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 41, 46, 87, 88, 91 n. 20, 93 Athena 243–4, 263, 284–5, 295, 297–9, 301, n. 31, 95–7, 172, 290, 301, 314, 315, 335–6, 323, 336, 353 338, 346, 349, 367, 377, 382–3, 394, 396 n. Athenaeus 48, 50 n. 25, 54 n. 43, 56 n. 55, 88, 66, 397, 440 n. 30, 442, 445, 446, 453–5, 244, 254 n. 10, 262 n. 52, 479, 484 n. 43, 463, 474, 476, 486 n. 48, 489 488 n. 53, 489 n. 55 Apollodorus of Athens (chronographer) 477 Athens, Athenian xxx, 4, 6, 7, 9, 17 n. 13, 19, Apollonia Pontica xii, xxx, 9, 95, 178, 184, 20, 22, 23, 32, 35, 37 n. 37, 39, 41, 48, 51, 195–201, 333 53, 56, 62–4, 71–9, 82, 85–90, 96–103, Apollonius of Rhodes 45 n. 2, 46, 234–6, 383 126, 137, 139, 161, 177, 225, 232, 247, 252 Apollonius of Tyana 462 n. 2, 253–60, 268, 273, 276–80, 354, 366 Archelaus (king of Macedon) 16, 53, 83, with n. 12, 389, 401, 433–7, 439 n. 26, 90 442–533, 444 n. 47, 450, 454–5, 472 n. 2, Arctinus of Miletus 31, 33, 262 n. 56 474, 479–80 Argo 26, 45, 50, 252–3, 255–6, 260, 266 n. 46, Atlantic 274 271, 277–8 Attalids 476–81 and n. 28, 485 Argonauts 5, 9, 10, 26 n. 2, 45, 104, 105, 239 Attalos I 124 and n. 53, 245, 263, 267–71, 286–7, 477 Auge 149, 196–8 and n. 54 Argos xxx, 16, 167, 253 n. 5, 277, 284, 290, Augusta Traiana 213–15 293–4, 299 n. 20, 314, 455, 457 Augustus Caesar 316, 372 Ariadne 375, 382–5, 387, 392–5 Aulis 6, 10, 32–3, 39, 96, 290, 299, 323, 453, Arimaspians 40–1, 232 and n. 21 455–8 Aristagoras 29 and n. 16 aulos, auloi, aulete 4, 24, 65, 67 and n. 21, Aristeas of Proconnesus 40–1, 232 n. 21, 332–5 and n. 9, 336–40, 344, 348–51, 354, 438 356, 362 and n. 2, 376–7 n. 22, 396, Aristophanes 52, 55, 58, 62, 76, 77 n. 37, 416–18, 425–30, 450 and n. 67, 471–2 126–7, 165, 261, 262 n. 52, 286 Autolycus (mythical figure) 45 and n. 2 Acharnians 72 n. 29, 230, 246 n. 85 Birds 23 n. 30, 51–3, 127, 201 n. 64 barbiton (musical instrument) 338, 339, Frogs 4, 127, 248 n. 91, 261–2 351 Gerytades 261 n. 52 Batumi 373 Holkades 271–2 Baubo 150–2, 160 Knights 473 n. 7 Bellerophon 126, 128, 392 Lysistrata 286 bells 356–8 Peace 51 n. 32, 248 n. 91, 281, 286 Berezan 232–3 and n. 29, 332, 335–7, 445 n. Plutus (the first one) 75 n. 32 50, 446, 458 See also Borysthenes Thesmophoriazousai 17, 478 n. 20 Bion of Borysthenes 46 Arrian 460 Bithynia 13, 50–1, 97, 319, 470, 474–85 Periplus 9, 29 n. 14, 31 n. 23, 32, 97, 276, Black Sea (Euxine) xxvii, 5, 6, 7, 11–13, 26, 30, 319, 349, 466 41, 267–8, 277, 466–9, 485–9 Aristonicus (citharode) 88, 91, 106, 367–8, 371 Boeotia 18, 72 n. 29, 100, 401 Aristotle 21, 23, 46, 50, 54–6, 100 n. 66, 254 n. Bol’shaya Bliznitsa 80, 86, 94, 125, 146–9, 160, 10, 277, 297, 309, 438 334, 348–50, 372 Arkteia 286 bone, bones, bone objects 125–6, 322, 332–3, Arrian 9, 29 n. 14, 31 n. 23, 32, 97 and n. 50, 354, 362, 366–7, 401, 445–6, 448 n. 63 276, 319, 460 and n. 18, 466, 479 Boreas 252 n. 2, 258, 260 and n. 48 Artaxerxes II 49 Borysthenes (region/city, for river see Dnieper) Artemidorus of Daldis 318–19 46, 233 n. 29, 433, 436

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Bosher, Kate 4 and n. 1 child, children 24, 48, 64 and nn. 14 and 18, Bosporan kingdom 7, 11, 12, 82–105, 106, 78, 143–4, 146, 148, 164, 195–7, 250, 267, 125–6, 163 n. 7, 277, 332–3, 342, 344, 348, 269–70, 272, 274–6, 280–6, 288, 293, 319, 350–2, 356, 362–72, 400–32, 481 n. 25, 344, 365, 401, 416, 454, 458, 462 485 Chimaera 125, 192 Bosporus 29, 38, 59, 82, 85–90, 95–7, 101, Chios xxx, 20 103–5, 125–8, 131, 167, 277, 344, 362–72, Chiron 233 n. 27, 97, 101, 459 400–32, 485 Christianity 3, 11, 13, 35 n. 31, 192, 202, 206, Brauron 13, 49, 285–6, 320 208, 213, 218, 220, 240 n. 60, 284, 306, bronze 55, 88, 92 n. 26, 126–7, 139, 169, 180, 319, 374, 397–8, 470, 489 n. 56 189, 195, 201, 211, 213, 231–2, 239, 258–9, Chrysaorus (mythical figure) 125 278 n. 42, 3–5, 309, 332–4, 347, 357, 366, Chryses (mythical figure) 252 n. 2, 264, 265 374 and n. 5, 375–7, 380–3, 385 and n. 50, Chrysopolis 252 n. 2 389, 391–2, 394, 426, 445–6, 452 Cicero 236 n. 245 and n. 82, 316, 413 n. 31, Bug, River (ancient Hypanis) 8, 22, 28, 436 n. 484 n. 43 12 Cimmerians 27, 28 n. 7, 38, 55, 59, 98 Bulgaria 8, 54, 177–221, 309, 362 n. 4 Circe (mythical figure) 212, 255 Bryson of Heraclea (philosopher) 6 Clashing Rocks 27, 268, 270, 456 bull, bulls See cattle Clazomenae 335 Byzantium xxx, 21, 28 n. 7, 50, 104, 106, 167, Clearchus 52–3, 57, 165 n. 18 169, 252 n. 2, 316, 474 cognition, cognitive 289–304 Byzone 180–2 coins, coinage 10, 47, 84, 90, 92–4, 99, 137, 217, 272–7, 320, 382 n. 33, 392 n. 60, 426, Caius Silvanus (lyre-player) 133 436, 441 n. 34, 446, 452 Calamis (sculptor) 96 Colchis xxx, 9, 10, 11, 36 n. 32, 230–41, 245–6, Callatis xxx, 90, 163 nn. 6 and 10, 164, 203, 252 n. 2, 255, 257–8, 260, 263–4, 267–88, 476 374–7, 380, 384–5, 397 Callimachus 13, 234–5, 476–7, 480 Colophon 20, 459 Callinus of Ephesus 27 Constanta 167, 203 See also Tomis Cappadocia 319–20, 374 Constantine 209 Caria 443 Corinth xxx, 16, 18–19, 57, 148, 150, 159, Cassander 57 181, 267–71, 278, 281–4, 287, 344, 253, Castanets 336, 339, 340, 348, 351 365 Catherine the Great 306 Costume, 59–81, 123–4, 126, 127, 137–8, Cato the Elder 313 143–5, 147–50, 185, 191, 267, 269, cattle 29 n. 12, 98, 209, 259, 269, 275–6, 277, 310–11, 324, 377, 394, 404–6, 410–11, 279, 284, 291, 377, 380, 399, 426 414–15, 418–31 Catullus 13, 483, 484 n. 43 Cotyora 471 Caucasus, Caucasian 9, 84, 230–41, 243, 248, cow, cows See cattle 284, 373–4, 385, 397 Crimea xxv, xxvii, 5–7, 19 n. 22, 22, 29 n. 17, Cepi See Kepoi 35, 38–9, 41, 49, 79, 82–4, 96, 98–9, 101, Cerberus 125 106, 110, 123, 126, 164, 273, 277, 284, 286, Chalcedon xxx, 29, 162 306, 325, 333, 339, 344, 356, 384, 402, 412, Chalciope 45 and n. 2, 277 436–7, 458, 461, 475 Chalcis 20 Cunaxa, Battle of 471 Chalkidiki 21, 46 Cybele 125, 174, 183, 344, 375, 384, 425, Chalybes 230, 233–9, 241, 239, 241 440–3, 449 Chamaeleon 23, 54 cymbals 333–4, 347, 351, 368–9, Chersonese (Thracian) 461 368–71 Chersonesus (Tauric) x–xi, xiv, xxv, xxvii, xxx, Cynic, Cynics, Cynicism 6, 23, 46–8, 58, 372 n. 7, 8, 22, 37–8, 82, 99, 106–34, 135, 145, 27 163, 273, 305–6, 314, 325–6, 333, 336, 339, Cypria 32 and n. 27, 459 344, 355, 458, 475 Cyprus 18, 21, 32, 401

Black Sea Index 545

Cyrene 18, 255, 477 Dracontius 287 Cyzicus xxx, 124, 212, 441, 488 Dzalisi Mosaic 394–7

dance, dancers, dancing 4, 8, 11, 13, 54–5, 57, Echidna 125–6 114–15, 153, 163, 165–6, 176, 184–5, 195, Egypt 4, 21, 28, 33, 35–8, 57, 89 n. 14, 150–1, 331–61, 371, 372, 375, 384, 396–414, 207, 264, 274, 284, 318, 431, 456, 463, 468 430–2, 471–89 ekphrasis 306, 462 Danube, River (ancient Ister) xxx, 8, 28–30, 34, Elagabalus 172, 174, 392 201, 202, 204, 206, 230 n. 15, 352, 435–6, elephants 11, 333, 383 446, 448, 451, 467–8 Eleusis, Eleusinian 87, 142–3, 147, 152, 248, Darius 29, 433, 435, 437, 443 334, 349 Delos 48, 90, 188, 413 nn. 30–1, 463 Empedocles 249 n. 95 Demeter 87, 125, 140, 142, 145–50, 152, 160, Emporion (Catalonia) 19 191, 248, 334, 349, 352, 368, 375–6, 394, Epicharmus 20 446 Epistemology 289, 299, 300 n. 23 democracy, democratic 50, 52, 87, 89 n. 13, Eratosthenes 245 n. 80, 476–8 and n. 15, 485 104, 128 Eretria Painter 200 Demosthenes 16 n. 7, 72, 84–6, 90 n. 15, 94, Erinyes 244, 246, 264, 285 273, 435–6 ethnography, ethnographers 34–5, 41, 55, 231, Diana 311–13 234, 238 and n. 50, 256, 267, 274, 287, Dinos Painter 263–5 331, 397 Dio Chrysostom 96, 271, 434, 438 Eubulus (comic poet) 196–8, 479 Diodorus (comic playwright) 23, 48 euergetism 87, 91, 169, 485 Diodorus (historian) 46, 53 n. 40, 90 n. 18, Eumelus 46, 90, 269 99 and n. 62, 105 and n. 83, 286, Euphron (comic poet) 478–9 380 n. 25 Euripides 4–5, 10, 13, 15–16, 26, 28, 33, 37–40, Diogenes (the Cynic) 6, 23, 46–8, 58 49, 53–5, 87, 89, 126, 168, 264 n. 67, 269, Diogenes (comic playwright) 23 272–4, 281, 286–7, 289–304, 305–7, Diogenes Laertius 23, 47, 50–1, 54–6, 89 n. 11, 309–10, 313–16, 320, 323, 325, 327, 444, 489 n. 55 449, 451, 453, 455, 457–8, 460–1, 465 Diomedes (mythical ﬁgure) 6 Andromache 32, 53, 262, 458 n. 13, 460 Dionysius (comedian) 48 Andromeda 126 Dionysius (Scytobrachion, novelist) 286 Archelaus 89 Dionysius (Spintharos, tragedian) 23, 50–1 Auge 197 and n. 54 Dionysius (tyrant of Heraclea Pontica) 49, 52, Bacchae 12, 272, 380, 442, 444, 448–51 54, 57–8 Bellerophon 126 Dionysius I (tyrant of Syracuse) 15, 20, 53 Electra 273 n. 25 Dionysopolis xxx, 172, 173, 178, 182–3, 203 Helen 28, 263 Dionysus 3, 7, 8, 11–12, 21, 46, 53, 55, 76, 87, Ino 264 n. 68 91–4, 97, 101–3, 106, 115, 121, 130–1, Iphigenia in Aulis 32, 455 134, 135–60, 161–76, 183, 201, 215, 283, Iphigenia in Tauris xxv, 3, 5–6, 10, 13, 26, 309, 334, 336, 340, 349, 361, 364–5, 367–9, 32, 37–8, 49, 54, 126, 257, 261–5, 277, 371–2, 373–99, 400, 403, 411–14, 416, 286–8, 289–304, 305–27, 453–65 421, 431, 442, 444–52, 480, 485–9 Medea xxvi, 3, 10, 260 n. 45, 265, 267–88 Dioscuri 323, 466 Orestes 272, 457 Diphilus (comic playwright) 20, 23, 48–50, Peliades 40 57–8 Phrixus (A & B) 252, 262 dithyramb 67, 165 [Rhesus] 55 Dnieper, River (ancient Borysthenes) xxx, 8, Stheneboea 126 28–9, 145, 354, 356, 358, 436, 468 Telephus 55 Dombrowski, Oleg 106, 112, 122 Dorian, Dorians, Doric 52, 116, 123, 177, 281, Flavius Alexandros Oxeidas (actor) 57 474 fragments of tragedy 252–66

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Frazer, James 311–13 Heraclea Pontica xxx, 5, 6, 7, 22–3, 37, 45–58, Furies See Erinyes 88 n. 7, 99, 104, 106, 165 n. 19, 316 Heraclea Sintica 215–17 Gajmanova Mogila 125 Heracles 7, 18, 30, 33, 45–8, 50, 52, 79, 84, Gauls 124, 321 94, 98–104, 116, 123–4, 126–9, 147, 149, Geloni 444–5, 450 243, 261, 272, 274, 282, 364, 372, 383, 438, gender 4, 57, 72, 101, 124, 258, 275–6, 451 458 Heraclides 23, 50–1, 54–6, 58 Georgia 11, 45, 237, 240, 268, 273, 276, 278, Heraclitus 55, 249 n. 95 287, 373–99 See also Colchis Heraklion (Bosporan Kingdom) 100 Geryon 98 Hermonassa 95–6, 273, 344, 362, 415 Getai, Getan 180, 473 Herodorus (historian of Heraclea) 6, 50, 99 Giants 7, 100–3 Herodotus 5–6, 12, 27–9, 32, 34–41, 84, 98–9, gladiators 132–4, 204, 209, 212, 214, 220 124, 230–1, 235–8, 241, 246, 256–7, 259 n. Goethe 465 and n. 29 40, 260, 274, 276–7, 283, 295 n. 9, 297 n. gold 40, 41, 57, 60, 62 n. 8, 69, 86, 125, 131, 16, 300 n. 21, 315, 352, 361, 431, 433–52, 135, 158–9, 169, 189, 232 and n. 21, 239, 476 242, 272, 277–80, 284, 320, 347–50, Hesiod 39, 231 n. 20, 240–1, 437 355–8, 376 and n. 16, 380–1 and n. 29, Catalogue of Women 33, 459 385, 392 and n. 60, 393, 467 Theogony 249–50 Golden Fleece 104, 239 and n. 57, 241, 258, Works and Days 246, 460 268–9 and n. 6, 277 Hieron I (tyrant of Sicily) 6, 15, 53, 90 Gorgippia 126, 273 [Hipppocrates] Airs Waters Places 230, 274 Graces 122, 163 n. 7, 396 Hipponax 48 graffito, graffiti 8, 123, 128, 140, 149, 273, 375 Homer 9, 30–1, 46, 54, 96, 128, 226 n. 2, 254, Greece xxx, 4, 12–13, 41, 49, 53, 98, 112, 139, 257, 260 n. 46, 262, 437, 454, 458, 461–4, 176, 178, 180, 183, 232–3, 267, 281, 285–6, 466, 468–9, 477 290, 294–5, 301, 309, 314, 367, 401, 435, Alexandrian edition 46 444, 467 See also entries for individual Iliad 26–7, 31–3, 128–9, 207, 225–6, 228 n. 5, cities 245, 246 n. 85, 247, 250, 276, 458 n. 13 griffins 232 and n. 21, 349, 356–8, 366 and n. Odyssey 26–8, 31–3, 38 n. 40, 246 n. 85, 12, 372, 448 254–5, 262, 303, 460 Grotowski, Jerzy 400 Homeric Hymn to Apollo 463 Gylon 84–5, 273 and n. 22 Homeric Hymn to Demeter 248 honorific decrees 22, 168 Hadrian 64 n. 18, 175 n. 72, 202, 210, 213–14, Hyginus 45 n. 2, 53 n. 40, 56 n. 54, 243, 217, 385, 397, 484 n. 43, 485 n. 46 252 n. 2 Halai 285, 320 Hylaea 98–9, 440–2, 447, 449, 451 Halicarnassus 20, 39, 443 Hymnodes 170–5 Harmonia 122, 128 Harpies 54, 258, 264 Iberia (Georgian kingdom) 11, 385, 389, 392, Hecataeus, 34, 45, 46, 260 n. 46, 476, 394, 397 480 Inachos (mythical figure) 167 Hecate 33, 37, 39–40, 49, 258, 280–1, 283, 286, Ino (mythical figure) 269 383 inscriptions 4, 57–8, 64 n. 18, 76, 90–3, 95, Helen 12–13, 28, 33, 37–8, 47, 252 n.1, 262–3, 121–2, 129–31, 134, 135–6, 139–40, 142, 291–2, 299 n. 20, 300, 303, 453, 455–69 161–2, 163 n. 7, 166, 362 and n. 2, 373, Helios 258, 270, 281, 283–4 375–6, 392, 394, 396–7 and n. 66, 412–13 Helle (mythical figure) 269 and n. 30, 414 and n. 36, 440, 445–6 and Hellespont 22, 269, 277, 413, 462 n. 49, 466, 485 Hephaistos 225–8, 243, 244–7 and nn. 82–3, Io (mythical figure) 167, 276–7, 284 249 Iolcus, Iolcian 253 n. 2, 268–9, 278, 282 Hera 270–1, 281–4, 286–7 Ion (of Chios) 20

Black Sea Index 547

Ionian, Ionic 9, 21, 91, 96, 100, 122–3, 161, Libya 22, 35–7, 366 n. 12 169, 175, 177, 182, 197, 211, 272, 306, 365, lions, lionesses 274–6, 278, 279 413–14, 434, 437, 450, 470, 474, 476, 486, Lipari islands 17, 59 n. 1, 73–5, 152, 372 488 Lucian 213, 305–6, 325, 365 n. 10, 414, 444 n. Iphigenia xxv–xxvii, 5, 10, 12–13, 26, 32–4, 44, 460, 470–89 36–40, 49, 54, 96, 100, 126, 252 n. 2, 257, Lucullus 95, 195, 200 261–4, 272, 277, 280, 284–8, 289–304, Lycophron 39–40, 458–9 305, 307, 310–11, 313–25, 453–69 Lycurgus (mythical ﬁgure) 392, 443–4, 447, Isocrates 46, 52 451 Sinopic Oration 46 Lykon (comic actor) 21 Trapeziticus (Oration 17, 5, 85–7, 91 lyre 133, 332–6, 338, 345, 347, 351, 355, 362, Istanbul 45, 203 365, 367, 369, 396, 416, 463, 467 See also Isthmia–Nemea 21, 64 n. 18, 125, 271 and kithara n. 12 Istros xxx, 8, 161–76, 446–7 Macrobius 28 n. 6, 258 n. 37 ivy 7, 60, 64, 92, 186, 271, 335, 380, 384, 389, maenad, maenads 155, 182, 185, 191, 215–17, 392, 404, 406 336, 338–40, 344, 355, 375, 377 n. 22, 382, 385, 388 Jason (mythical ﬁgure) 26 n. 2, 40, 239, 252 n. Maeotis, Lake of (Sea of Azov), Maeotians 82, 2, 255 and n. 36, 257, 259–60, 267–88 95, 97 n. 50, 100, 241, 277, 436 n. 18 Jew, Jews, Jewish 35 n. 31 Marathon, Battle of 55 jewellery 189, 195, 278–80, 348–9, 358, 375–6, Marcion of Sinope 284 381, 392 n. 60 Marcus Aurelius 46, 175 n. 73, 212, 397 jugglers 202, 406–7, 412–13 Mariandynians 472 n. 2, 474 Julius Caesar 316, 470, 483–4, 487 marriage 85, 96, 147, 250 n. 95, 255 n. 16, 259, 265, 267, 269, 276, 283, 288, 298, 299 n. katabasis 248 and n. 91, 253, 254 and n. 8, 20, 377, 398–9 and n. 69, 454–7, 465 n. 29 262–3 and n. 62. See also Underworld mask, masks 4, 5, 7–9, 11, 18–19 and n. 20, Kepoi 7, 23, 85, 415 23–5, 59–76, 78–9, 81, 101, 105, 121, 125, Kerch xxv, 19 n. 22, 27, 29, 79 n. 39, 82–3, 233 127, 130, 138–46, 151–7, 162–5, 181–3, n. 29, 339, 347–8, 350–2, 366, 392, 402, 185–96, 199–200, 206–7, 209, 211, 212, 412 215–17, 307, 324, 347, 362–72, 384–90, Kerkinitis 339, 435 392, 396, 398–9 and n. 76, 406, 408, Kiev xxvi, xxvii, 4 411 kithara, kitharodes 88–9 and n. 8, 95, 158–9, Maximus of Tyre 460 and n. 18, 467 316–17, 335–6, 339, 340, 344, 346–7, 349, Medea 10, 40, 47, 49, 104, 258, 260 n. 45, 265, 351, 353, 367–8. 267–88, 383 n. 41 Knidos xxx, 151, 191 Medusa 8, 125–6, 383 n. 40 Koul–Oba 125 Megara, Megarians 50, 51 n. 32, 106, 177, 180 Krispos (pantomime dancer) 57 Meidias Painter 62 Kuban River 83, 348, 354, 356, 358, 363, 436 n. 12 Memnon of Heraclea 52–4, 483 n. 36 Kytoros 45 Memnon of Rhodes 88 and n. 7, 105 Menander 20, 23, 28 n. 7, 48–9, 57–8, 206–7 lamps 11, 164, 191, 212, 215, 273, 383 Menelaus 28, 32, 124, 456, 458 n. 14, 459 Larissa 20 Messambria (Mesembria, Mesambria) 8, 178, Lemnos xxx, 26 n. 2, 245 and n. 82 180, 192–5 Leo Diaconus 97 and n. 50 messengers, messenger scenes 258–9 and n. Lernean Hydra 125 33, 271, 290–1, 296–8, 311, 450 Lesbos xxx, 96, 103 Messina 48 Leucothea 269 n. 6, 375 and n. 7, 384 metallurgy 225–51 Leuke xxx, 6, 13, 30–2, 39, 96–7, 262, 336, 337, metre 45 n. 2, 165, 168, 213, 261, 457, 479–80 435 n. 11, 457–64, 466–9 Miletus, Milesians 45, 86, 104, 128, 177, 182, library, libraries 53–4 183, 272, 273, 234, 446, 450

548 Black Sea Index

mime, mimes, mime actors 57, 202, 213–14, Orphic, Orphism 140, 152, 377, 445–6 and n. 398, 470, 486, 488 n. 53, 489 55, 486 mirror 92 and n. 22, 139–40, 355, 358–9, Ovid 30, 40 n. 47, 314–16, 325, 462 392–3, 455 and nn. 48–9 Oxyrhynchus 207, 318 Mithras 173, 175 Mithridates, Mithridatic 84, 169–70, 322, Pacuvius 316–18 326–7, 344 n. 74, 375 n. 8, 384–5, 389, Palamedes 461–2 and n. 21 400, 412–13, 470–2, 480–5 Palat 182, 215–17 Moesia 133, 183, 201–2, 204, 212, 213 Pan 92, 93, 156, 186, 188, 344, 382, 392, 394, Molpoi 46, 210, 445 398, mosaic, mosaics xxvii, 164, 206–7, 218, 394–7 Panticapaeum xxx, 22, 82–6, 91 n. 20, 92–4, Muses 55, 60, 122, 163 nn. 7–8, 167, 171–2, 96, 99, 104, 106, 125, 163 n. 6, 164, 232, 177, 200, 339, 396, 469 273, 277, 333, 338–40, 342–4, 347, 365, music, musical 11, 20, 60, 95–6, 103, 122, 126, 402–30, 435 128, 158, 161, 164, 166, 174, 176, 184–6, pantomime 57, 486, 489 195, 204, 208, 212, 318, 331–72, 396, 416, Paphlagonia 13, 426, 471–4, 479, 488 n. 53, 431–2, 450, 471, 474, 486 489 musician, musicians 4, 64, 88–9, 106, 132–4, Papyrus 164, 184, 207 139, 202, 331–72, 384, 400, 416 Parthenos 7, 37–8, 100, 125, 306, 325–7 Mynniskos (tragic actor) 20 Parthicopolis 217–20 Myrmecium (Crimea) 96–7, 344, 351, 362, 408 Patroclus 124, 207, 460, 462, 466–7 n. 16, 411, 414–15 Pausanias 33, 268, 319–20, 460, 467 Mytilene 20 n. 26, 366 n. 12 Pegasus 122, 126, 274, 392 Peirene (mythical figure) 269 Nemesis 132 Pelias, Peliades 40, 49, 268, 282 Nero 472 n. 3, 489 Penthesilea 122, 124, 458 n. 14, 464 Nicander 245 n. 80, 459 Pentheus 444, 447, 449, 451 Nicomedes 474–85 Pergamum xxx, 124, 382, 384, 470, 476, 483–4, Nicopolis ad Istrum 202–3 487–8 and n. 54 Nike 18, 344 Pericles 6, 9, 41, 51, 84, 233, 255, 257, 259, 273, Nymphaeum xxv, xxvi, 7–8, 22, 85, 91–5, 106, 474 115, 145, 273, 277, 332–3, 362, 411, 415, Perseus 8, 125–6, 128 428 Persia, Persians 30, 33–5, 49, 82, 84, 238 n. 50, 259 n. 40, 260, 308, 310, 375, 377, 380, Oceanos, Oceanids 227–8, 231 382, 392, 435, 472, 473 Odessa 29, 137, 141, 149, 415 Phanagoria xxx, 6–7, 19, 24, 59–81, 84, 93–4, Odessus xxx, 8, 163 n. 11, 167 n. 29, 173, 178, 100, 101, 232, 342, 345–6, 364–5, 368, 415, 183–92 435 Odysseus 12, 38 n. 40, 72 n. 29, 255, 292, Phaselis 20 454–5, 461 Phasis River xxx, 267–9 and n. 6, 271–8 Olbia, Olbian xxx, 8, 12, 19, 24, 32 n. 25, 46, Philemon (playwright) 20, 51 69–70, 84, 96–9, 103, 106, 123, 135–60, Philip II (king of Macedon) 16, 21, 106, 210, 163 n. 6, 232–3, 273, 306 n. 4, 333, 336, 215, 362 n. 4, 368 338, 340–1, 344, 346, 433–52 Philippopolis 210–13, 220 olive, olive oil 47, 49, 180, 244 n. 76 Philo 256 Olympia (place) xxx, 19, 259 n. 40 Philodemus 39, 54 n. 44 and n. 45, 56, 258 Olynthus 20–1, 46, 106, 156, 368 Philomela (mythical figure) 252 n. 1 Ora (Scythian nymph) 125 philosopher, philosophy 6, 23, 46–8, 50, 52, 54, Oresteion 305–6 55, 56, 213, 238, 249, 302, 350, 438, 440–1, Orestes (mythical figure) 10–11, 37 n. 35, 126, 450, 475, 478 262, 264, 272, 284–5, 290–304, 305, 307, Philostratus 13, 167–8, 460, 467–9 311–23, 453, 455–7 Phineus 54, 240, 252, 256, 257–9, 260–1, 264 Orpheus 270–1, 445 Phlious 16

Black Sea Index 549

Photius 32, 52, 71 ring, rings 125, 151, 241, 244 and n. 76, 250, Phrixus 45 and n. 2, 239, 260 n. 46, 252, 262 347–9, 355, 376, 392–3 and n. 60, 430, and n. 58, 263, 269 and n. 6 451, 466 Phrygia, Phrygian 23, 51, 181, 195, 200, 300, Robinson, David Moore 46 310, 375, 377, 442, 475, 489 Russia xxvi, 60, 233, 275, 287, 306, 415 Phrynichus (tragedian) 450 Pindar 30, 32, 230 n. 17, 255–7, 259, 458 n. 15, sacriﬁce 6, 10, 32–6, 38–9 and n. 42, 96, 120, 460 255, 258, 281, 284, 286–7, 290, 292–3, 295 Pistiros 201 and n. 64 n. 8, 298, 301, 307, 315, 313–18, 321, 323, Pityus 385 and nn. 50–1, 397 325, 382 n. 33, 399 n. 76, 418, 454–8, Plato 15, 23, 32, 40, 47, 50–4, 56, 100 n. 70, 465–8 165 n. 18, 274, 281 n. 45, 438, Salmydessus 54 486 Samothrace 19 Plato Comicus 71, 76 Sappho 48 Plautus 49, 185, 476 Sarcophagus 164, 167, 321–4, 347, 349–50, Pliny the Elder 95, 232 n. 21, 318, 363 n. 7, 375 n. 7 352, 354, 363, 368 Plutarch 39, 88, 255 n. 14, 273, 433 n. 5 Sarkine (Georgia) 385–90 Pollux 70, 163 n. 11, 191 satyr, satyrs 92 and n. 26, 92, 93, 125, 130, 140, Polyaenus 88 and n. 7, 94, 106, 367–8, 152, 155–6, 163, 181–2, 185, 187, 189–95, 472 n. 3 199, 215–16, 336, 338, 375–6, 380–5, 389, Polyxena 458 n. 14, 464 431, 486–8 Pompeii 316–18, 323 and n. 56, 325 satyr drama 54, 65, 67, 101, 102, 127, 153–4, Pompey 384–5 161, 185, 212, 245, 252 and n. 2, 263 n. 63, Portemkin, Grigory 306 278, 470, 484 n. 43 Porthmion 100, 435 Satyrus (actor from Olynthus) 20–1 Poseidon 13, 271, 468 Satyrus (brother of Clearchus) 52 Poti 275 Satyrus (ruler of Bosporan kingdom) 90 n. 15 priest, priestess, priests 94, 121, 140, 147, Scarphe 21 171–2, 284–7, 292–3, 295, 310, 320, Scylla 125, 274 340–1, 348, 355, 359, 380–1, 384, 399, Scyros 20, 97 454–5, 456, 458, 467 Scythia 9, 11–12, 27–38, 84–5, 89, 97–101, 104, Proclus 32, 262 n. 56, 457, 459 124–6, 157–8, 170, 180, 228, 230–8, 241, Procopius 319 246–51, 252, 257 n. 27, 274, 284, 305–6, Prometheus 9, 56, 99, 225–51, 261 315, 321, 331–61, 433–52, 468, 473, Pronomos vase 19, 59 n. 1, 60, 65, 67, 69, 72 n. 478–9, 489 28, 77, 78, 81 n. 45 Sebastopol (Sevastopol) xxv, 7, 37, 306, 458, Protesilaus 462 461 Prusa 96 Sennoi (Russian village) 60 Pseudo–Scymnus 13, 45 n. 2, 90 n. 18, 238 n. Septimius Severus 188 45, 470–89 Servius 313–14 pygmies 350–1 Shakespeare, Shakespearean 40 n. 47, 49, 303 Pylades (companion of Orestes) 10, 37 n. 35, sheep 235, 278, 399 41, 126, 290–304, 305, 307, 311–24, Siberia xv, 359, 360 455 Sicily 4–6, 10–11, 14–25, 28, 59, 63–4, 79, 92 n. Pylades (pantomime dancer) 486 n. 52 25, 98–9, 101, 103, 151, 313, 460 Pythagoras, Pythagoreans 40–1, 54 Sicyon 16 Silen, silens 75 n. 32, 130–1, 137–40, 144–5, recognition scenes 10, 290–5, 300–2, 307, 457 147–8, 152–7, 181, 185, 190, 195–7, 347, n. 9 380, 384, 392, 394, 406–7 Rhea 125 Sindoi 84, 91, 94, 95, 99, 103 n. 79, 363, 365, Rhodes 20, 45 n. 2, 49 n. 21, 88, 236 n. 39, 259, 369, 437 383 n. 41 Sinope xxx, 5–6, 20, 23–4, 45–58, 255 n. 14, Rhodope vase 104 and n. 80 273, 284, 471, 473–4, 475 n. 11, 480

550 Black Sea Index

siren, sirens 60, 346, 348, 383 n. 40 391, 394, 424, 440 n. 30, 454–5, 466, 468, Skyles 12, 433–52, 473 n. 8, 487 487–8 Skythes 104 Stesichorus 33, 37, 39, 460, 467 slave, slaves, slavery 8, 35 n. 31, 36, 40, 51, 79, Stoic, Stoicism 51, 165, 316, 372 86, 98, 126, 145, 163 n. 11, 185–6, 189–91, Strabo 28–30, 45 n. 2, 46, 49, 53 n. 40, 56, 90, 195, 201, 213, 218, 239 n. 56, 257 n. 27, 98, 100–1, 236–7, 239, 269–71, 277 n. 37, 272, 274, 279, 314, 318, 437, 473 316 n. 32, 320, 375, 412, 437, 477, 483 n. Smyrna 48 and n. 17 36 snakes, snake–goddess, snake–legged goddess Suetonius 372 n. 27, 472 and n. 3, 483 nn. 37 98, 122, 124–6, 337, 376 n. 16, 438–9, 440, and 40, 484 n. 43, 486 445, 459, 487 See also Echidna Susa 29, 49 n. 21 Socrates 274, 482, 486, 489 symposium, symposia 336, 361, 365, 374, 377 Solon 440–1, 443 n. 22, 450 Sophocles 4, 20, 50–1, 54–5, 126, 252, 254 n. syrinx (musical instrument) 344, 416–19 10, 256–66, 275, 278, 281, 457 Ajax 37 Tacitus 472 n. 3 Andromeda 126 Taman peninsula xxvi, 6, 11, 60, 63, 79–81, Chryses 252, 264–5 83–4, 86, 94–5, 100–1, 125, 273, 277, Colchian Women 252, 256–61, 263–4, 278, 333–4, 340, 342, 344–6, 348, 362–72, 415, 281 436 Drummers 252, 261 Taurike Chersonesos, Taurian, ‘Tauris’ 82, Electra 457 105, 106–34, 257, 261, 285, 289–327 Iobates 126 Tbilisi 279, 275, 373, 374 Philoctetes 260 n. 44 technitai (Artists of Dionysus) 16, 21, 22, 162, Phineus (A and B) 252, 256 n. 22, 261 166, 413 Phrixus 252 Tegea 20 Root–cutters 40, 252, 264 n. 65, 275 temples 29 n. 12, 57, 76, 93, 95–6, 101, 123, Scythians 252, 261, 264 n. 65 148, 183, 185, 202, 206, 248, 260 n. 48, 262 Women of Trachis 52 n. 56, 269 n. 6, 270, 281–2, 286, 336, 365, Sosicrates (poet at Phanagoria) 101 375 and n. 7, 376 and n. 18, 382, 384, 397, Sostratus (poet at Phanagoria) 101 402, 403, 411–13 and n. 31, 432, 436, 454, Southern Italy xxvi, 4–5, 10–11, 14–25, 28, 35, 460, 467 39, 41, 49, 59, 63–4, 79, 98, 101, 103, 104, of Artemis/Parthenos in Taurike 309, 313–14, 366, 369, 372, 467, 489 See Chersonesos 7, 10, 307–27 also entries for individual cities Teos xxx, 21, 93–4, 103, 365 sown men 259 Terence 476, 480 Spain 22, 98, 401 Terpander 172 and n. 50 Sparta xxx, 29, 49 n. 21, 314, 320, 438, 440, 442 terracotta, terracottas 7–9, 12, 18, 23, 59, 60, n. 38, 455 72–6, 79–81, 92–5, 103, 125, 127–9, 130, Spartocids 84, 87–8, 412, 485 137, 140–3, 145–50, 153, 158–9, 162, 163 Speusippus 54 n. 11, 164, 181–3, 185–9, 191, 193–6, Sphinx, sphinxes 60, 244 n. 75, 377, 380, 448 198–200, 211, 216–17, 340–1, 343, 345–7, and n. 65 349–50, 372, 375, 384, 389, 400–32 Spina 19, 75, 156, 307 n. 9, 308 Tertullian 284 Spintharos, see Dionysius (Spintharos) textiles 239 n. 56, 277–85, 318, 359, 381 n. 29, Stanitsa Ust–Labinskaya 125 430 Stasinus 32–3 Thasos xxx, 20 n. 26 statue, statues, statuettes, statuary 11, 23, 55, theatre buildings, theatres 162–3, 168–9, 178, 88, 93, 95–6, 125, 137, 140, 155, 162–3 485–6 and nn. 8 and 11, 164, 169, 190, 210–11, at Athens 121, 137 213–14, 283–6, 290–1, 294–5, 297, 301, at Heraclea Pontica 55–6, 58 307, 310–11, 313–15, 320–1, 323, 325, at Messambria 192–5 343, 345–6, 374, 375, 382, 389 and n. 55, at Nicopolis ad Istrum 204–6

Black Sea Index 551

at Odessus 184–5, 189–92 Turkey 23, 39, 45, 54 at Olbia 106, 135–8, 156, 159 Tyana 319–20, 462 at Orchomenos 121 Tyras River (Dniester) and estuary area xxx, at Oropus 121 99, 132, 435–6, 437, 439, 446 at Panticapaeum 95 at Philippopolis 210–13 Ukraine xxvi, 22, 135, 233 at Priene 121 Underworld 246, 261–3 and n. 52, 311, 415 at Serdica 208–10 See also katabasis at Taurike Chersonesos 106–34 Bosporan 131 Vani 278–9, 374–84 and nn. 7–8, 384, 389 Thebes 233–5 and n. 50, 246, 247, 253, 380, Varna 151, 183–223 See also Odessus 444, 448 vase, vases, vase-painting 5–8, 10–11, 17–19, Themiscyra 100, 237 and n. 45, 436 n. 18 24, 49, 59–81, 104 and n. 80, 139, 154, Theodectas (playwright) 20, 55 155–6, 173, 195, 252 n. 2, 263 nn. 61 and Theodosia xxv, 90, 91, 95, 145, 163 63, 306–13, 311 n. 20, 313, 318, 320–1, Thera 255 334–6, 339, 366–7, 431, 444 n. 47, 473 Theseus (mythical ﬁgure) 100, 263 n. 62, 458 venationes 209, 212, 220 n. 14 Vespasian 212, 385 Thespis 31, 53, 54, 55 Vitruvius 111 Thetis 31, 243, 466, 468 Volna settlement 11, 362–72 Thoas (mythical ﬁgure) 10, 264, 284, 286, 290, 294–9, 305–16, 319, 324, 457 n. 9, 465 wall-paintings 305, 316–19, 323, 325–6 Thrace, Thracian 26–8, 40, 45, 53–4, 84–94, wine 7, 11, 26 n. 2, 47, 64 n. 12, 92 n. 26, 102, 177–221, 365 n. 10, 377, 380, 398 n. 69, 131, 140, 142, 155, 180, 183, 340, 349, 352, 443–8, 461, 471–2, 481 n. 25, 486 355, 373–4, 380, 384, 389, 394, 396, 398, Thucydides 38, 39 n. 44, 254, 255 n. 14 411, 419, 446, 450, 467, 479, 484 timber 180, 239 and n. 56, 268, 271 and n. 13, woman, women 39, 81, 98, 122, 124, 127, 142, 311, 313, 321, 364, 463, 468 147–8, 151, 156, 169, 200, 258, 271, 281–8, Timomachus of Byzantium (painter) 316 298, 322, 333, 339, 344, 352, 354–5, 352, Tiresias 7, 101 362, 366, 374, 376–7 and n. 22, 380, 412, Tissaphernes 49 and n. 21 428, 431, 438–9, 459 n. 9, 464, 473 Tolstaya Mogila 125 Tomis xxx, 8, 161–76, 436 Xenophon 54, 235, 470–89 Trajan 202, 206, 211, 213, 218–19 Anabasis 31 n. 20, 45–6, 236 and n. 35, 54 Trapezus xxx, 3, 45, 85–7, 91, 239 n. 52, 471, Hellenica 49 n. 21 474 trigonon (harp) 365–6 Zagreus 377, 380, 398 n. 69 Troy 12, 26, 28, 39, 96, 253 n. 5, 293, 323, 453, Zeitlin, Froma 12–13, 14, 96 n. 48, 253, 266, 455–6, 459, 461–4 287 trumpeters 131, 351 Zymbalka 125