Ninilchik Russian Dictionary Project

DICTIONARY ofNinilchik Russian

Mira Bergelson Andrej A. Kibrik Wayne Leman Marina Raskladkina

DICTIONARY ofNinilchik Russian 2017 VERSION

Mira Bergelson National Research University Higher School of Economics Andrej A. Kibrik Institute of Linguistics RAS, Lomonosov Moscow State University Wayne Leman SIL International Marina Raskladkina ScanEx, RDC

Mira Bergelson, Andrej A. Kibrik, Wayne Leman, Marina Raskladkina. Dictionary of Ninilchik Russian: 2017 version. Anchorage: Minuteman Press, 2017. 148 pp.

Cover design: Photo by Marina Raskladkina. Taken from the cliff (ut’ós) near Nick Leman’s house in the Ninilchik village. Wild celery (púchka) is in the front.

CONTENTS

Ninilchik Russian Dictionary Project...... 4 Dictionary...... 8 Appendix 1: Proper names...... 128 Appendix 2: Phrases ...... 140

NINILCHIK RUSSIAN DICTIONARY PROJECT

Introductory Notes

Ninilchik Russian is a unique variety of the Russian language. We believe it is a remnant of Alaskan Russian – a language that emerged at the end of the 18th century as a result of Russian colonial presence in Alaska and served as a means of communication in Russian America until the end of the Russian period in 1867. By that time Alaskan Russian became the native language for the people of mixed Russian/native origin residing in various parts of Alaska. The village of Ninilchik was one of such places and due to a combination of many factors became a major location where this linguistic variety kept developing and serving as a means of communication, creating and maintaining cultural identity, and holding together the community of brave, persistent and self-sustained people. Thanks to the people of Ninilchik, Alaskan Russian is still alive in the 21st century. The Ninilchik Russian Dictionary project began in 1997 when two of the authors, Russian linguists Andrej Kibrik and Mira Bergelson, were invited by the activists of the Ninilchik community to help in documenting their native language and thus preserve it for the succeeding generations. That work built upon prior linguistic studies by the Irish linguist Conor Daly, as well as genealogical research by American linguist Wayne Leman, a descendant of one of the Ninilchik families. Later, in 2008– 2009, Wayne Leman joined Bergelson and Kibrik’s dictionary project. Two field trips were held in 2012 and 2014, in which Marina Raskladkina also took part, and during which much additional information was collected. From the very beginning, this project aimed at documenting as much as possible of the unique linguistic and cultural heritage of Ninilchik in a form consistent with general principles of academic work, basic linguistic and lexicographic conventions, and traditions of Russian lexicography. At the same time we strived to make the Dictionary available to the Ninilchik people, and hope they will use this product as a valuable resource. The end result of our ongoing project will be a multimedia product consisting of three parts:

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a dictionary per se, a grammar sketch, and a cultural commentary. By now we have finished work on the paper variant of the dictionary that will be further supplemented with audio illustrations. In our work on the Dictionary, our team (Mira Bergelson, Andrej Kibrik, Wayne Leman, and Marina Raskladkina) was guided by certain principles. We wanted to balance the following aspects:

 Lexicon, grammar, and culture  Full coverage of the available data and specifics of Ninilchik Russian (NR) as opposed to Continental Russian (CR)  Academic rigor and accessibility to non-specialists  NR phonetics, phonological rules, and English-oriented transcription. This product is neither a NR textbook, nor a manual. It does not provide comparison with CR. If a comparison or additional information is given, it is placed in the Cultural Commentary section (forthcoming). We describe NR as a language variety in its own right. The Grammar Sketch will include information on phonology, phonetics, noun and verb forms, on how adjectives and participles are derived, a description of the pronominal system, specifics of verbal phrases, main syntactic and discourse structures.

How to use the Dictionary

Ninilchik Russian has always existed as an oral language. People did not use it in writing. In order to render the NR sounds we had to choose between using the official CR Cyrillic writing system and some kind of transcription based on the Roman alphabet. The people of Ninilchik, that is the most important readership of the Dictionary, are mostly not familiar with Cyrillic and standard Russian. They are Americans who speak English and write using the Roman letters. That is why we developed a practical Rsoman-based orthography adequately representing NR sounds and pronunciation. That system was previously described in our publications1. Most of the letters (and letter combinations) used in this transcription represent sounds that are similar to the corresponding English sounds. In the NR word chem, which means ‘with what’, the first sound is almost the same as in the English word chair, the second as in bed, and the third as in map. But there are a few important differences.

 Most consonants in NR and in CR exist in two variants: regular (or “hard”) and palatalized (“soft”). The soft consonants are marked by an apostrophe (’), for example n’et ‘no’ or p’at’ ‘five’. For an American ear it sounds as if the consonant were followed by a [y] sound. The sounds [ts],[ch], [sh], [zh] (like in measure) and [y] do not have soft variants.

1 Bergelson M., Kibrik A. A. Alaskan Russian: The story of the Ninilchik community as told by its language, in: Over the near horizon: Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Russian America (Sitka, Alaska, August 19--21, 2010). Sitka : Sitka Historical Society, 2013. P. 217-227.

NINILCHIK RUSSIAN DICTIONARY PROJECT

 CR and NR vowels differ from the way they are pronounced in English. We give examples where the pronunciation is the least different: o NR [a] under stress is pronounced somewhere in between the vowel in father, and in mother. Without stress it resembles the first and the last vowels in American; o NR [e] resembles the sound in let ; o NR [i] resembles beet or bit depending on stress; o NR [o] is somewhere between daughter and coat; o NR [u] is somewhere between rude and book; o NR [o] and [e] sounds only occur under stress. The Dictionary includes lexical entries of five types:  nouns (n), including proper names (pn),  verbs of the imperfective and perfective aspects (v ipfv, v pfv),  adjectives/participles, numerals and adverbs (adj, num, adv),  prepositions, conjunctions, particles (prep, conj, prt),  exclamations, discourse markers, set phrases and expressions (phr). The distinction between the perfective (pfv) and imperfective (ipfv) verbs is extremely important both in CR and NR. It shows how an event was performed. Very roughly it corresponds to a completed event as opposed to simply describing an event, without focusing on its end or result. That is why we pay much attention to marking this distinction in the entries for the verbs that are included in the dictionary. Proper names (pn) as a separate category of words is very important for NR as the language of a specific, rather small, community. Names and nicknames of individuals, as well as place names, tell the story of the Ninilchik community. These entries will play a special role in the cultural commentary. In the current version of the dictionary they are placed in Appendix 1. Excerpts from songs, kids' rhymes, games, collocations, set expressions and the like (lexical entries labeled phr) are presented as Appendix 2 to the main body of lexical entries. These expressions are also crucial for interpreting cultural meanings, salient in the Ninilchik community. Each type of entry has its own minimal obligatory set of fields in the dictionary database. The maximal structure of a dictionary entry may include fields such as sound file, part of speech, translation into English, literal meanings (Lit:), examples and their translations, pictures, cross- references, types of usage (Usage:), etc. The cross-reference, or See field, gives readers an opportunity to check those words that are semantically related. The field where phonetic variants are cited allows one to see words that are pronounced slightly differently by different speakers. Of course, the current paper version of the Dictionary does not include sound files. We included some minimal grammatical information, like plural, singular, and Russian cases (associative, accusative) where necessary. Curly brackets ({}) are used to mark those words in the examples that belong to English and are pronounced and spelled as such.

NINILCHIK RUSSIAN DICTIONARY PROJECT

Acknowledgements

Both as linguists and as native speakers of Russian, we feel privileged to be able to assist the Ninilchik people in preserving the words and expressions, the sounds and the meaning of their language, thus keeping alive their unique cultural heritage and their ongoing story. This work could have never been done without the generous help and patience of our consultants, speakers of Ninilchik Russian. Their love for their language and their determination to help were very important. We dedicate our work to them and want to list all of them here: Louie Kvasnikoff , Selma Oskolkoff Leman, Betty Leman Porter, Nick Cooper, Paul Oskolkoff, Harry Leman, Nick Leman, Joe Leman, George Jackinsky, Edward Jackinsky, Walter Jackinsky, Cecil Demidoff, Mae Demidoff, Doris Steik Kelly, Alice Oskolkoff Bouwens, Arnie Oskolkoff, Larry Oskolkoff Jr., Nancy Oskolkoff Ahlrich, Fr. Simeon Oskolkoff, Sophie Cooper Prosser, Edna Matson Steik, Leo Steik, Mike Steik. We would also like to express our gratitude to those representatives of the ‘younger generation’ who do not speak Ninilchik Russian but whose interest to the cultural and linguistic heritage of their parents became the initial stimulus for this project. They are cultural activists who helped us in many ways with their moral, physical and practical support during these years and whose friendship is invaluable for us. Thank you, Bobbie Oskolkoff, Daryl White, Joann Jackinsky, Loren and Caroline Leman, Joe Linden, Greg Encelewski, Cynthia Baganov, McKibben Jackinsky. Our thanks also go to those dear friends who, while not being part of the Ninilchik community, supported us in many ways through all the time we have been working on our Alaskan projects. Thank you, Jim Bowers, Cheryl Childers, Mike Krauss, Jim Kari. Doing fieldwork in a place so far away from one’s place of residence demands a lot of resources. Our fieldtrips in 2012 and 2014 were supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for the Humanities (#12-04-18022, #14-04-18017). Research underlying the current version of the Dictionary was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant #17-18-01649. Unification and technical processing of the dictionary database, as well as technical preparation of the publication and its costs were supported by the grant within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2017 (grant №117-02-001) and by the Russian Academic Excellence Project "5-100."

DICTIONARY

A - a a1 variant ap, aba. prep. about. Ya a abédat’ v ipfv. eat lunch; lunch. Aná t’ibé dúmayu ‘I think about you’. abédayit ‘She is eating lunch’. Usage: Not used by some speakers. abét n. lunch. Pósl’i abéda ‘in the See: pra. afternoon’. Lit: ‘after lunch’. a2 prt. and; begins a new topic. A ablaká n. cloud; clouds. plural ablak’í. gd’e mayí achk’í? ‘Where are my See: óblaka; túcha. eyeglasses?’ abl’ízawat’ v ipfv. lick. On abl’ízawayit a3 conj. but; and. U t’ibé bal’shóy ‘He’s licking it’. galawá a u n’iwó mál’inkuy ‘You abn’át’ v pfv. hug. Bábushka m’in’é have a big head but he has a abn’ála ‘Grandma hugged me’. small one’. See ipfv: abn’imát’. abarwátay adj. torn. plural abarwát’iya. abn’imát’ v ipfv. hug. See pfv: abn’át’. Plát’i abarwát’iya ‘The dress is n. torn’. See: abarwát’. abórka trim. adj. abarwát’ v pfv. tear. On swoy chulók abrazówanay educated. Moy at’éts abarwál ‘He tore his sock’. óchin’ abrazówanay chalawék bul ‘My father was a well abasátsa v pfv. wet oneself. See: chíshkat’. educated man’. Usage: Not known by v pfv. abasát’ pee; urinate; wet. On kóyku some speakers. abasál ‘He peed the bed’. Ya abrétsa v pfv. shave oneself. mayí pastán’ishk’i abasál ‘I wet variant pabrétsa. Pabrélsa ‘(He) my long johns’. See: p’ísat’; shaved’. See: abrét’. chíshkat’. abrét’ v pfv. shave. Fchirá ya s’ib’á abrél abasrátsa v pfv. to shit. Ya abasrálas’ ‘I harashó ‘Yesterday I shaved (female) shitted’. On abasrálsa well’. Záftr’i ya s’ib’á abréyu //on ‘He (male) shitted’. See: nagad’ítsa. s’ib’á abréyit ‘Tomorrow I // he v pfv. shit. Ya mayí pashtán’ik’i abasrát’ will shave’. See: br’ítwa; abrétsa. abasrál ‘I dirtied my underwear’. ab’ídna adv. be sad; with sorrow; See ipfv: srat’. See: zamarát’. sorrowfully; sadly. M’in’é at t’ibé abd’élat’ v pfv. cheat. On m’in’é abd’élal ab’ídna ‘I feel sorry because of ‘He cheated me’. T’i iwó you’. M’in’é ab’ídna ‘I’m sad’. abd’élayish? ‘Are you going to ab’ishchát’ v ipfv. promise. Ya cheat him?’

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ab’ishcháyu ‘I’m promising’. ad’ínatsat’ num. eleven. Ab’ishcháy m’in’é, pazhálusta! ad’íshka n. short breath. ‘Promise me, please!’ ad’iwáshka n. clothing for the upper ab’izhát’ v ipfv. hurt. Ya t’ibé ab’izháyu body. See: ad’ózha clothes. ‘I’m hurting you’. ad’iwátsa v ipfv. dress (oneself). On achíshka n. eggshell; peel. plural achíshk’i. ad’iwáyitsa ‘He is dressing’. Ya n. achk’í eyeglasses; glasses. A gd’é ad’iwáyus’ ‘I’m dressing’. See mayí achk’í? ‘Where are my pfv: ad’ét’. eyeglasses?’ ad’iwát’ v ipfv. dress (someone); put on. adv. adnarás once. Ya takóy t’ibé skazhú T’i ad’iwáyish br’úk’i? ‘Are you adnarás! ‘I’m only telling you putting on pants?’ See pfv: ad’ét’. this once!’ ad’ózha n. clothes. See: b’il’ó. adnóy adj. one. Ádnóy chalawék pr’ishól af’itsér n. military officer; policeman. ‘One man came’. See: ad’ín. plural af’itsér’i. Usage: Not known by some speakers. agaród’n’ik n. gardener. Usage: Not known ad’ála n. blanket. See: pakr’iwála. by some speakers. ad’é conj. where. On n’i znáyit ad’é agarót n. garden; vegetable patch. gl’id’ét’ ‘He doesn’t know where variant garót. to look’. aglóhnut’ v pfv. go deaf. Aglóh ‘went ad’ét’ v pfv. dress; put on (clothes); deaf’ (masc.). See: gluhóy. wear. Ya plát’i ad’éla ‘I (female) agón’ n. fire. Papráf agón’! ‘Fix the fire!’ put on (my) dress’. On ad’él See: pazhár. swayí b’il’ó ‘He put on his n. clothes’. Ad’én’ étu prad’iwáshku agráda fence. ‘Put on this footwear’. Ad’én’ iwó aguréts n. cucumber. ‘Put it on!’ See ipfv: ad’iwát’. Agúst n. August. See: ad’iwátsa. ahóta n. urge; will; desire. variant uhóta. v ipfv. ad’ihát’ rest. On ad’iháit ‘He’s M’in’é uhóta ‘I want to’. M’in’é

resting’. ahóta kúshat’ ‘I want to eat’. ad’ín num. one. U béyb’ichk’i ad’ín zup N’iuhóta ‘I don’t want to’. ‘The baby has one tooth’. Ad’ín See: hóchit’. ‘ p’iró One feather; one pen’. aknó n. window. See: akóshka. Usage: Not accusative adnú. Adnú kartóf’il’ used by some speakers.

atpust’í! ‘Drop in one potato!’ akóshka n. window. plural akóshk’i; See: adnóy. 10 DICTIONARY

variant lakóshka. Éta lakóshka na aprak’ín’it’ v pfv. push over; turn over. st’in’é ‘This window (is) in the An’í núzhn’ik aprak’ínul’i ‘They wall’. Moy akóshka tsístay ‘My turned the outhouse upside window is clean’. See: aknó. down’. Akt’áp n. October. Har’itón rad’ílsa w aprastát’ v pfv. empty. Ya aprastála akt’ibré ‘Harry was born in pamóyn’ik ‘I (female) emptied October’. the slop bucket’. Aná aprastáyit aládushk’i n. pancakes. singular aládushka. ‘She will empty (it)’. See: pustóy; Usage: Not known by some speakers. w’ís’ipat’. See: ; . bl’in’í l’ipl’óshka Aprél’ n. April. n. altár altar. apsóhnut’ v pfv. go dry. Dór’i absóh ‘The al’én’ n. caribou; reindeer; elk. dory (one) went dry’. R’íba na sétk’i absóh ‘The fish in the nets went dry’. apstr’igát’ v ipfv. clip. On abstr’igáyit ‘He is clipping’. apshipát’ v pfv. pluck. Aná apshipála ‘She plucked’. Ya kúru apshipáyu ‘I’m plucking a chicken’. al’hówn’ik n. alder; alder patch. v pfv. plural al’hówn’ik’i; variant al’ihówn’ik. apt’irét’ wipe. Apt’ir’í swoy nos! ‘Wipe your nose!’ aná pro. she. Aná war’ít ‘She’s adv. cooking’. See: iyó; n’ey; an’í; on; ap’át’ again. Ap’át’ m’in’é kr’ichí! See: . iyónay. ‘Call me again!’ ishó n. an’í pro. they. singular aná, on. An’í ap’il’s’ín orange. pramushl’ál’i ‘They hunted’. ap’in’ít’ v pfv. get drunk. On ap’in’él ‘He See: ih; yíhnay. got drunk’. Aní yiwó ap’in’él’i apkr’ist’ít’ v pfv. bless. Bát’ushka náshiy ‘They made him drunk’. See: on dom apkr’ist’íl ‘Father blessed w’íp’ifshiy; p’yánay. our house’. See: kr’ist’ít’; aréh’i n. walnuts; nuts. singular: aréh. ; ; . pakr’ist’ítsa kres m’íra mázat’ arhiréy n. bishop. See: iréy; wlad’íka; apórk’i n. cut off boots. See: prad’iwáshka; pratairéy; manáh. ; . bashmák sapag’í art’íst n. artist; painter.

11 DICTIONARY ar’ól n. eagle. plural ar’ól’i. Mnóga ar’ól’i atkr’ítay adj. open. Akóshka atkr’íta ‘The ‘Many eagles’. window is open’. atkr’ít’ v pfv. open. Ya atkróyu dwer’i ‘I will open the door’. Aná atkróyit ‘She will open (it)’. Atkr’íy dwér’i! ‘Open the door!’ See: zakr’ít’.

atkr’iwálka n. opener. atkus’ít’ v pfv. bite. Sabáka mn’é atkus’íl askl’íska adv. slippery, icy. variant skl’íska. See ipfv: . See: kl’ískay; l’ot. ‘The dog bit me’. kusát’ pro. astáfk’i n. cloth pieces; remains. atkúy where from. Atkúy t’i singular astáfka; variant astátk’i. pr’ishól? ‘Where did you (male) See: kusóchik. come from?’ Atkúy t’i pr’ishlá? astalóp n. silly, clumsy and stupid ‘Where did you (female) come See: attúy. person; nerd. M’in’á mnóga raz from?’ astalóp naz’iwál’i ‘I was many atparót’ v pfv. spank. Ya hachú iwó times called nerd’. Kazhí atparót’ ‘I want to spank him’. shamán’il – astalóp ‘When you Fchirá aná yiwó atparóla were mischievous - (you were ‘Yesterday she spanked him’. called) nerd’. M’in’á mnóga raz atparól’i ‘They astanaw’ítsa v pfv. 1 • stop. Astanaw’ís’! spanked me many times’. On yiwó atpar’ót ‘He will spank him’. ‘Stop!’ See: sabáshit’. Ya t’ib’á atpar’ú ‘I will spank 2 • stay. Yá magú tut astanaw’ítsa? you’. See: st’ignút’. ‘Can I stay here?’ See: búst’i. atpust’ít’ v pfv. release; let go. On ih astarózhna adv. carefully; watch out! atpust’íl ‘He released them’. astrawók n. small island. Diminutive Atpust’í iwo! ‘Let it go!’ Ya iwó from: óstraf. atpushchú ‘I will let him go’. n. at hell. See: pust’ít’; spust’ít’. prep. at from. Ya kup’íla at iwó ‘I atrézat’ v pfv. cut. Atrésh kartóf’il’i! ‘Cut

(female) bought it from him’. up the potatoes!’ Ya nózhikam atashát’ v pfv. be hungry; starving. Ya hl’ébu atrézala ‘I (female) cut the ochin’ atashál ‘I (male) am very bread with a knife’. Mayí walasá hungry’. See: galódnay. kasmát’iya; ya íh atrézhu ‘My

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hair is unruly; I’m going for a atwét’it’ v pfv. answer; reply. Ya trim’. See ipfv: rézat’. atw’icháyu ‘I am answering’. atrub’ítay adj. chopped off. Iwónay Atwét’il ‘Answered’ (masc.). pál’its atrub’ítay ‘His finger is at’éts n. father. Twoy at’éts ‘your chopped off’. father’. See: pápa. atrub’ít’ v pfv. chop off; cut down. az’ík n. 1 • tongue. variant yaz’ík. Moy Bábushka kúr’ina gólawu az’ík n’i hóchit skazát’ chiwó ya atrub’íla ‘Grandma chopped off dúmayu ‘My tongue won’t say the head of the chickens’. what I’m thinking’. See: . srúb’it’ 2 • language. M’i gawaríl’i na atr’ignútsa v pfv. burp. Atr’ignúlsa ‘(he) Rúskay az’ík ‘We spoke Russian’. burped’; atr’igáyitsa ‘(he) is M’ir’ikánskay yaz’ík ‘English burping’. language’. atr’iw’ítsa v pfv. poison oneself. T’i ayayáy prt. wow. Ayayay! Tutaka mózhna móg’ish atr’iw’ítsa ‘You could nórk’i papkán pastáw’it’! ‘Wow! poison yourself’. Usage: About There’s so much water leaking in eating something bad. On atr’iw’ílsa (your boat) you could set mink ‘He poisoned himself’. traps!’ Lit: ‘Here a trap for minks attúy pro. from there. variant attúyi. Aná might be set’. Usage: This was skazála: “{no} a ya hachú ad’é something funny said by Fred Kvasnikoff to Joe Leman. mayá máma; ya magú sa s n’im gawar’át’ attúyi” ‘She said: “No, I want (to be buried) where my mom (is); I can talk with him from there”. See: atkúy.

B - b bába n. woman. báb’ina chulk’í bábushka n. grandma; grandmother. ‘women’s socks (stockings)’. iyónaya bábushka ‘her grandma’; See: . d’éfka náshiy bábushka ‘our grandma’. n. plural . bábachka butterfly. báb’ichk’i babúshka n. kerchief; scarf. See: platók. n. babróway shápka beaver hat. bab’í n. beans. variant bab’órnay shápka.

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baltún n. 1 • bad egg; addle egg. n. variant babyór beaver. bab’ór. 2 • blabberer; windbag; talkative plural babr’í. person. See: baltúsha. baltúsha n. gossiper; windbag. On baltúsha ‘He’s a windbag (tells big stories)’. See: baltát’; burl’ít’; . baltún bal’áchuway adj. painful; hurting. bachónak n. keg; small barrel. See: bchka. Usage: Not used by some speakers. bal’és’ n. sickness. plural bal’éz’i. See: bol’; bal’ét’. bahátay adj. rich. Bahátay muzhík ‘rich man’; bahát’iya l’úd’i ‘rich bal’ét’ v ipfv. hurt; ache. U m’in’á nagá

people’. bal’ít ‘My leg aches’. U m’in’é galawá bal’ít ‘I have a headache’. bahátstwa n. wealth. U m’in’é zup bal’él ‘I had a bal n. dance. toothache’. Sp’iná bal’ít ‘(My) n. balawn’ík naughty child; brat. back hurts’. See: bol’; bal’nóy; baldá n. dummy; dumbbell; know- hwarát’. plural . See: . nothing. bald’í durák bal’nóy adj. sick. bal’nóy chalawék ‘sick balík n. smoked salmon. M’i kapt’ím man’. See: bal’ét’; hwarát’. balík w pawárn’i ‘We smoke the bal’shóy adj. big; large. feminine bal’sháya. smoked salmon in the smokery’. Tam bal’shóy káray {building}, See: ; ; . tayshí yúkala chíkalin bal’sháya ‘It is a big brown building there, big’. Bal’shíya pálk’i ‘big sticks/poles’ (fishing trap poles); bal’shóy prázn’ik ‘big holiday’. bánachka n. small can. Diminutive

from: bánka. n. balóta marsh. bánashnay adj. canned. Bánashnay baltát’ v ipfv. blabber; chatter; gossip. myása ‘canned meat’. Aná mnóga baltáyit ‘She is bánka n. 1 • can; jar. See

gabbing a lot’. On baltál ‘He was diminutive: bánachka. plural bánk’i.

blabbering’. Búd’it’ baltát! ‘Stop St’ikl’ónay bánka ‘glass jar’. An’í blabbering!’ See: baltúsha; burl’ít’. r’ibú w bánk’i zakr’iwáyut ‘They

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are canning fish’. Lit: ‘They are bat’ík’ina sópl’i n. watermelon berry; closing fish in cans’. snot berry. Lit: ‘old man snot’. 2 • river bar; beach. Pérway Bánka See: sópl’i. ‘First Bar’ (of the river). bát’ushka n. priest. See: iréy; ; . bant n. bow. plural bánt’i. sw’ishchén’ik mátushka v ipfv. add. bán’a n. bathhouse; steambath. báw’it’ See: p’ir’ibán’ik. bayátsa v ipfv. fear; be afraid. Ya bayús’ ‘I’m afraid’. Tóyka n’i bayís’! ‘Don’t be afraid!’ Ya iwó bayús’ ‘I’m afraid of him’. On bayálsa it’í ‘He was afraid to go’. T’i fs’idá m’ishónk’i bayálsa ‘You were always afraid of mice’. Trus, on barábara n. underground sod house. fs’o bayítsa ‘Coward, he is afraid n. . baradá beard U n’iwó baradá ‘He has of everything’. See: stráshna. a beard’. See: us’í. baydárka n. kayak. plural baydárk’i. baradáfka n. wart. barán n. sheep. plural barán’i. bardák n. brothel. See: kurwáchiy dom. bárhat n. velvet. See: bárhatnay. adj. bárhatnay velvet; made of velvet. béb’ichk’ina adj. related to babies. See: . bárhat Béb’ichk’ina ad’ála ‘baby n. See: . Usage: básn’i lies. skáska not used by blanket’; béb’ichk’ina b’il’ó ‘baby some speakers. clothes’. bas’ikóm adv. barefoot. On bas’ikóm bédnay adj. poor. Bédnay chalawék ‘poor ‘He’s barefoot’. man’. Bédn’iya matróz’i kak an’í n. bashká head; skull. Bashká bal’ít stradál’i. ‘The poor sailors how ‘ See: . Headache’. galawá they suffered’ (part of a song). bashmák n. shoe; boot. plural bashmak’í See diminutive: b’idn’áshka. ‘footwear’. Bashmak’í gr’ázn’iya bégat’ v ipfv. run around. On bas’ikóm ‘(Your) shoes are dirty’. Mayí bégayit ‘He’s running around bashmak’í ‘my shoes’; iwónay barefoot’. Ya krugóm bégayu, bashmak’í ‘his shoes’. See: t’úhl’i; n’ichiwó n’i d’élayu ‘I’m running kalbak’í; sapag’í; apórk’i; around doing nothing’. prad’iwáshka. See: bezhát’. 15 DICTIONARY bélarúsk’iya adj. Belarusian. bl’in’í n. thin pancakes; crepes. singular , . See: ; bélay adj. white; light. Bélay król’ik bl’in bl’ín’a l’ipl’óshka aládushk’i. ‘white rabbit’. On bélay ‘He is white; he is light (skinned)’. Iwónay dom bélay ‘His house is white’. Bélaya walasá ‘white hair’. bélka n. squirrel. bér’ik n. shore; bank. plural bér’ig’i, bl’íska adv. close; near. On bl’íska ka b’ir’igá. Na b’ir’igú búla mnóga mn’é ‘He’s close to me’. On kám’in’i ‘There were a lot of bl’íska k ana ‘He is close to her’. rocks on the shore’. See: láyda. M’i bl’íska búl’i, réchka bl’íska béshinay adj. wild. Aná béshinaya ‘She is búla ‘It was close to us, the river wild’. was close to us’. See: dal’ikó. bétra n. thigh. plural b’ítra. See: l’áshka. bl’údachka n. saucer. See: bl’útsa. bezhát’ v ipfv. run. T’i bezhála sa swayím bl’útsa n. saucer. See: bl’údachka. brat? ‘Did you run with your Boh n. God. Sláwa Bóhu! ‘Praise God!’ brother?’ See: bégat’. Ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it béyb’ichka n. baby. variant béb’ichka. U mn’é, ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá béyb’ichk’i ad’ín zup ‘The baby pamóg’it mn’é. Yézhl’i ya imú has one tooth’. Béybichka zhivyú i fs’yó imú ya pr’ilazhú, zabáwnay ‘The baby is cute’. ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it mn’é ‘I know that God will always help me (2 times). If I live for him and bring everything to him, I know that God will always help me’. See: Bózhi. bóka n. side; flank. Bóka bal’ít ‘my side

hurts’. n. blahadárnay good (person). bol’ n. sickness; pain. Kakóy u was bláwochka n. pin; safety pin. See: buláfka. bol’? ‘What pain do you feel ? \\ bl’édnay adj. pale. U t’ibé t’éla bl’édnay What sickness do you suffer ‘Is your skin pale?’ Bl’édn’iya from?’ S’íl’nay bol’ ‘it hurts walasá ‘pale hair’. much’. See: bal’ét’; bal’és’; ból’na.

16 DICTIONARY

ból’na adv. hurt. M’in’é ból’na ‘It hurts bretsa v ipfv. shave. On bréyitsa ‘He’s me’. A yá: "n’i náda", a yá: "kak shaving’. See pfv: abrétsa; nabrétsa. ból’na"! ‘And I (am saying): See: abrét’; br’ítwa. "don’t do this!" and I (am saying) brós’it’ v pfv. throw away; get rid of; "it hurts!"’. See: bal’et’; bol’. divorce. Ana iwó brós’ila ‘She ból’shi adv. more. Záftr’i m’i búd’im divorced him’. See: w’íbras’it’. ból’shi gawar’át’ ‘Tomorrow bróuw’i n. eyebrows. singular brówa, brof.

we’ll talk some more’. U m’in’é brusn’íka n. low bush cranberry; ból’shi sáhara n’étu ‘I don’t have lingonberry. plural brusn’ík’i. any more sugar’. See: mén’chi; mnóga. bórn’ita n. bathroom. Nuzhn’ík éta na wúl’itsi, bórn’ita éta wnutr’í dóma ‘An outhouse (is) outside, and a bathroom (is) inside the brusók n. whetstone; sharpening stone. house’. Mn’e núzhna w bórn’itu brat’ v ipfv. take. An’í fs’o hl’éba brál’i it’í ‘They took all the bread’. ‘I need to go to the bathroom’. See: núzhn’ik. br’ítwa n. razor. See: bret’; abrét’. borsh n. borsch. br’iwnó n. log. Bózhi n. God, icon. Bózhi moy! ‘My br’úha n. belly, stomach. See diminutive: . God!’ (an exclamation). Bózhiy br’úshka mát’ir ‘mother of God’. See: Boh. br’úkwa n. turnip. bóykay adj. fast, brisk. Ish’ó bóykaya ‘(She) is still very active’. See: b’ístray. brat n. brother. Moy brat ‘my brother’; ‘ mayí brát’yi my brothers’. On br’úk’i n. pants. Pachin’ít’ br’uk’i ‘to

moy brat ‘He’s my brother’. mend pants’. T’i ad’iwáyish brat’ v ipfv. take. Dólga b’ir’ót ‘It takes br’úk’i? ‘Are you putting on a long time’. (your) pants?’ See: shtan’í; pára. braz’ír n. brassiere. br’úshka n. stomach; belly. Diminutive from: br’úha. See: krásnaya br’úshka.

17 DICTIONARY búbn’i n. diamonds - a cards suit. F’il’ip’ín’i búl’i ‘There were singular búbn’a. Filipinos’. Záftr’i búd’it l’úchi bugór n. hump. variant b’igór. See: gará; ‘Tomorrow will be better’. U n’éy ut’ós. kúr’i búl’i ‘She raised chickens’. buhawn’ik n. drunkard. Buhawn’ik’í Búd’it t’ibé! ‘That’s enough!’ buhát’ l’úb’at. An’í sám’i swayú Búd’it t’ibé durét’! ‘Quit goofing

wótku ishó d’élayut ‘Drunkards around!’ Ya t’ibé dwa rás n’i like to drink. They make their búdu gawar’át’! ‘I won’t tell you

own vodka’. twice!’ Kára post prayd’ót m’i búd’im kul’ích yis’ ‘When Lent is búhta n. bay. over we will eat Easter bread’. Éta búlachka n. bread roll; biscuit. n’é bul ‘It did not take place’. On plural búlachk’i. n’é bul tut ‘He wasn’t here’. Éta buláfka n. safety pin. See mush búd’it? ‘Is he going to be a diminutive: buláwachka. husband?’ buláwachka n. safety pin. Diminutive 2 • stay. Ya magú tut búst’i? ‘Can I from: buláfka. stay here?’ See: astanaw’ítsa. bumága n. paper. See diminutive: bumáshka. bushawát’ v ipfv. be rowdy , behave bumáshka n. paper, paper money. violently. On bushawál ‘He was Diminutive from: bumága. rowdy’. bumbazé n. flannel. bútka n. booth. Zayd’ish (w) takóy bútku burl’ít’ v ipfv. blabber. Aná mnóga burl’ít ‘You go into such kind of booth’. ‘She is blabbering a lot’. Ya n’e n. plural , . l’ubl’ú burl’ít’ ‘I don’t like to butón flower bud. batun’í butón’i blabber’. See: baltát’. but’ílka n. bottle. plural but’ílk’i. Aná burún n. wave. plural buruná; burun’í. Na but’ílku karm’íla ‘She bottle fed’. wad’é óchin’ bal’sháya buruná buz’ín’ik n. elderberry. plural buz’ín’ik’i. ‘The waves are big on the water’. b’íbl’a n. Bible. See: walná; búr’a. b’idá n. trouble; disaster. B’idá za n. ‘ búrya storm. Búrya na mór’i storm in b’idóy, zád’i pl’itóy ‘Trouble . See: shtorm. the sea’ after trouble, behind the stove’. búr’a n. storm. See: shtorm; burún. Usage: A rhymed saying. búst’i v ipfv. 1 • be; be in possession. T’i b’idn’áshka n. poor person; poor thing; búd’ish yis’? ‘Are you going to miserable person. See eat?’ Húda búla ‘It was bad’. diminutive: b’idn’ázhichka. See: bédnay. 18 DICTIONARY

b’idn’ázhichka n. poor thing. Diminutive b’ístra adv. fast. Ya i paam’ir’ikánsk’i from: b’idn’áshka. See: bédnay. b’istra n’i chitáyu ‘I don’t read b’ik n. bull. quickly in English’. See: hótka; pamal’én’ku. b’ilúga n. beluga whale. b’ístray adj. fast. Óchin’ b’ístray ‘Very b’il’ó n. clothes. variant b’il’yó. fast’. See: bóykay. Béyb’ichk’ina b’il’ó ‘baby adj. See: . clothes’. Aná b’il’ó st’iráit ‘She’s b’izúbnay toothless. zup washing clothes’. See: ad’ózha. b’izúmnay adj. crazy; insane; nuts. On b’irlóga n. den. b’izúmnay ‘He’s nuts’. See: sumashéchay. b’ir’óza n. birch. B’ir’óz’ina kar’yó ‘birch v ipfv. bark’. b’izhát’ run; flow. Sabáka b’izhít ‘The dog is running’. Rechka b’izhít ‘The river is running’. B’izhí sas n’im! ‘Run with him!’ B’izhí sas n’ey! ‘Run with her!’ B’izhí s imya! ‘Run with them!’ B’izhí sa mnoy! ‘Run with me!’

B’izhí sas nám’i! ‘Run with us!’ b’ir’óznay adj. out of birch; birch-like. On s tabóy b’izhál? ‘Did he run variant b’ir’óz’inay. T’i iz with you?’ On sas wám’i b’izhál? b’ir’óz’inay zd’élan ‘You are ‘Did he run with you (plural)?’ See made out of birch’ (you are pfv: ub’izhát’. strong). b’ístra adv. fast. An’í tak b’ístra gawar’át b’ísara n. bead. plural b’ísar’i; ‘They talk so fast’. See: hótka; . variant b’ís’ir’I; beads; necklace. shípka

Aná swaí b’ísar’i ad’éla ‘She put on her necklace’. Ch - ch chalawék n. man; person. chará adv. yesterday. variant fchará. On plural chalawék’i. On haróshay chará p’il ‘He drank yesterday’. chalawék ‘He’s a good man’. Ya yih chará w’íd’ila ‘I (female) See: ; . muzhík l’úd’i saw them yesterday’. chamáy prt. hello. See: pazáfchará.

19 DICTIONARY chas n. hour; time. Katór’i chas? ‘What chem conj. than. Ya n’i w’inawat shto time is it?’ Chas prashól ‘An hour t’ibé charnaókuyu ból’shi chem has passed’. See: s’ichás; wrém’a. dúshu l’ubl’ú ‘I am not guilty chásta adv. often. Aná chásta gul’áyit that I love you, dark-eyed one,

‘She visits often’. more than my soul’. v ipfv. cháshka n. cup. cherpát’ dip. On wódu cherpál ‘He dipped water’. chaw’ícha n. king salmon, chinook. n. plural chaw’íchi. Ya óchin bal’shóy chérw’i hearts - a card suite. singular . See: . chaw’íchu dóbal ‘I caught a big chérwa sértsa king salmon’. See: s’ómga; cher’ipáhin adj. turtle. k’itá; k’ízhuch; krásnay r’íba; chér’is’ prep. across. Ya chér’is’ réchku . garbúsha pr’ishól ‘I crossed the river’. chésnay adj. honest. Chésnay slówa ‘I

bet’. chay n. tea. T’i hóchish ishó chay? ‘Do chihát’ v ipfv. sneeze. variant schihát’, you want more tea?’ t’ihát’ . On schiháyit ‘He is cháyka n. seagull. plural cháyk’i. sneezing’. Aná schihála ‘She was sneezing’. Ya ból’shi n’i magú schihát’ ‘I can not sneeze anymore’. A chiwó t’i tak mnóga schiháyish ? ‘And why are you See sneezing so much ?’ pfv: chihnút’. n. cháyn’ik tea kettle. Cháyn’ik k’ip’ít chihnút’ v pfv. sneeze. On chihnúl ‘He

‘The tea kettle is boiling’. sneezed’. See ipfv: chihát’. Usage: Not used by some speakers. chihól n. case; gun case. chihótka n. tuberculosis, T.B. chikaláshk’i n. sloppy old guy. chíkalin n. fermented fish. See: yúkala; tayshí; balík. chinówn’ik n. official; bureaucrat. chipuhá n. baloney.

20 DICTIONARY

chirn’íka n. blackberry; crowberry. chíshkat’ v ipfv. urinate, pee. Ya plural chirn’ík’i. See: shíksha. chíshkayu ‘I’m urinating’. Usage: vulgar. See: p’ísat’; abasát’. chishuyá n. scale (of fish). chitát’ v ipfv. read; count. On chitáyit ‘He’s reading. Or, he’s counting’. On r’íbu chitáyit ‘He’s counting

fish’. Ya chitáyu kn’ígu ‘I am n. chirn’íla ink. reading a book’. See: schot. n. variant . chirpák dipper. chirpálka Chitwér’k n. Thursday. variant chitwérik. See: chirpát’. chit’éts n. church reader; lector. v ipfv. See pfv: . chirpát’ dip. chirpnút’ On variant shchets. See: psalómchik. wódu chirpál ‘He dipped water’. chit’írnatsat num. fourteen. On wódu chirpayit ‘He is dipping chit’ír’i num. four. variant chichír’i. water’. See: chirpák. chiwó pro. 1 • what. Chiwó éta? ‘What’s chirpnút’ v pfv. dip. chirpát’. On wódu this?’ Chiwó t’i skazála? ’What chirpnúl ‘He has dipped water’. did you say? ’ (said to a woman). chisnók n. garlic. variant chiznúk. Chiwó t’i d’élayish? ‘What are adj. chístay clean. Twoy dom chístay you doing?’ Chiwó támaka? ‘What ‘Your house is clean’. Moy is that over there?’ Chiwó akóshka chístay ‘My window is sluchílas’? ‘What happened?’ clean’. See: chíst’it’; w’íchist’it’. See: shto. chíst’it’ v ipfv. clean. On sn’ek chíst’it 2 • why. Chiwó t’i m’in’a ‘He’s shovelling snow’. Lit: ‘He’s spráshiwayish? ‘Why would you cleaning snow’. On r’íbu chíst’it ask me that ?’ A chiwó t’i tak ‘He is cleaning the fish’. Saháta mnóga schiháyish? ‘Why are you chíst’it ‘He/she cleans the sneezing so much?’ See: pachimú. See pfv: . moose’. w’íchist’it’ chiwóta pro. something. See: chístay. chiyá pro. whose. Ya n’i znáyu chiyá éta n. chis’í clock; watch. Karmán’i chis’í bashmak’í ‘I don’t know whose ‘ pocket watch’. Na pólk’i chis’í shoes these are’. ‘The clock is on the shelf’. chórk’i n. curtain. variant shtórka; n. Usage: . See: ; chíshka urine. vulgar sáka plural shtórk’i. See: zanawéska. chíshkat’.

21 DICTIONARY chórnay adj. black; dark. Chórnaya chud’ít’ ‘I want to scare pt’ítsa ‘blackbird’; chórnay someone’. Ya haróshaya, ya n’i m’idwét’ ‘black bear’; chórnay chud’ú ‘I am good, I am not chort ‘black devil’; chórn’iya raising hell’. Chiwóta wéchiram walasá ‘black hair’. See: t’ómnay; chud’ít ‘Something strange is pachern’ét’. going on in the evening’. See: ; . chórnay m’idwét’ n. black bear. chúda pugát’ n. plural . chórnaya pt’ítsa n. blackbird. Chuhn’á Finn. Chuhn’í variant chórnay pt’ítsa. Lit: black chulk’í n. thin or long socks. bird. singular chalók, chulók. Báb’ina ‘ chort n. devil. Id’ít’i k chórtu! ‘Go to the chulk’í women’s socks’; ‘ devil! ’ (commonly said as swear d’éfk’ina chulk’í girl’s socks’. On words in Ninilchik). Chih, chih, swoy chulók abarwál ‘He tore his See: . chúhala, chort, sabáka, Sátana! sock’. nask’í (something like swearing at chur’yák n. worm. plural chur’yak’í; someon’e) ‘Sneeze, sneeze, variant cherwák. U r’íb’i cherwak’í devil, dog, Satan’. See: d’yáwal. ‘The fish have worms’. chúda n. ghost; something spooky. chústwat’ v ipfv. feel; sense. On n’i variant chúd’is’a. See: chud’ít’. chústwayit ‘He doesn’t feel (it)’. ‘ chud’ít’ v ipfv. behave weirdly; party. On Aná chústwala She felt (it)’. See: . chud’ít ‘He is brawling’. M’i lafchít’ chud’íl’i ‘We were partying and raising hell’. Payd’óm chud’ít’! ‘Let’s go party!’ Ya hachú

D - d da prt. yes. See: n’et. dál’shi adv. further; hereafter; next. dabáw’it’ v pfv. add. Aná wódu dabáw’ila Chiwó isho dál’shi? ‘What else is w cháyn’ik ‘She added water to ahead?’ the kettle’. Ya hachú dabáw’it’ dáma n. queen. ból’shi wódu ‘I want to add more daragóy adj. expensive. Éta óchin’ . water’ daragóy ‘This is very expensive’. dal’ikó adv. far. variant dal’óka. See: bl’íska.

22 DICTIONARY

daróga n. 1 • way; path; road; trail. dawnó adv. long ago. On dawnó úm’ir plural daróg’i. See diminutive: ‘He died long ago’. See: dólga. . daróshka Daróga pólan gl’ína dawól’na adv. enough. M’in’é dawól’na Lit: ‘ ‘The road is muddy’. full of ‘That’s enough for me’ (about . mud’ Daróg’i pólan d’ír’iya ‘The food). See: sáma rás. road is full of holes’. Daróg’i dawól’nay adj. content; happy. n’ébul’i n’ichiwó n’ébula ‘There Dawól’nay chalawék ‘content were no roads, there was person’. nothing’. dázhi prt. even. Dázhi n’i dúmay! ‘Don’t 2 • lead. Lit:‘road. R’ib’íchi daróga even think about it!’ Usage: One of ‘fish trap lead’. Lit: fish road. the Ninilchik responses to "spas’íba". daróshka n. trail; little road. Diminutive dazhidát’ v ipfv. wait. Ya t’ibé dazhidáyu from: daróga. Haróshay fs’idá ‘I’m waiting for you’. On dólga daróshka mál’inkoy bul tuda n’i dazhidáyit ‘He doesn’t wait ‘There was always a good little long’. See: w’izhidát’. road to there’. dazhiwóy adj. rain. See: dosh; dazhiwóy dasadna adv. feel sad or angry. Drugóy pal’tó. ras dasádna ‘sometimes (it dazhiwóy pal’tó n. raincoat. See: dosh. makes me) angry’. See: dasádnay. v ipfv. dasádnay adj. nasty; vexing. dayít’ provide milk (about the

plural dasádn’iya. Dasádnay sahát, cow). Karówa dayít! ‘Milk the on moy tsw’itók aprak’ínul cow!’ ‘Nasty moose, it upset my dayt’í v pfv. 1 • come. On n’e hóchit tudá flowers’. See: dasádna. dayt’í ‘He does not want to come ‘ dastát’ v pfv. bring; get; fetch. Stupáy up there’. Wadá dashól The wódu dastán’! ‘Go get water!’ Ya water came up’ (for example,

imú wódu dastánu ‘I will get him when the tide came in). Ya daydú See water’. tudá ‘I’m going to get there’. ipfv: it’í. See: pr’iyt’í; payt’í; prayt’í. dat’ v pfv. give. Ya imú kn’ígu dála ‘I 2 • ripen; be ready (cooking or (female) gave him a book’. Ya baking). An’i dashl’í ‘They are yey kn’ígu dála ‘I (female) gave ripe’. An’í ishó n’i dashl’í ‘They her a book’. On t’ibé kn’ígu dal? are not ripe yet’. Sup dayd’ot ‘Did he give you a book?’ Dáy ‘The soup will be ready’. m’in’é pap’irósku! ‘Give me a See: paspét’. cigarette!’ 23 DICTIONARY dayt’í v pfv. 1 • arrive. M’i da mám’ina home!’ wnutré damú ‘inside the dom dashl’í ‘We arrived at house’. Ya dóma ‘I’m home’. mama’s house’. See ipfv: ití. See: mésta. 2 • ripe. An’i dashl’í ‘They are ripe’. An’í ishó n’i dashl’í ‘They are not ripe yet’. See: paspét’. dl’ínay adj. long. Dl’ínay Túndra ‘Long Flat’; dl’ínay w’iráfka ‘long rope’.

See: karótkay. dóbat’ v pfv. catch. Ya óchin bal’shóy dómchik n. cabin; small house. Diminutive from: . chaw’íchu dóbal ‘I caught a very dom big king salmon’. See: paymát’; dóra n. dory; skiff. variant dór’i. law’ít’. plural dór’i. See: lótka. dóbray adj. good; nice. feminine: dóbraya. doch n. daughter. plural dóchi. Mayá doch ‘my daughter’; Iwónay doch mán’in’kaya ‘His daughter is small’. dóchka n. daughter. Diminutive from: doch. n. variant , ; plural dóchk’i. Mayá dóchka ‘my dóska board. daská dós’ik’i plural . daughter’; iwónay dóchka tam dósk’i Dós’ik’i pr’itashchíl’i ‘ ‘His daughter is there’. (They) brought boards’. n. See: . See dóktar n. doctor. plural daktará. dosh rain. dazhiwóy diminutive: dózhd’ik. dólar n. dollar. plural dalará. dozh n. rain. variant dosh. dólb’it’ v ipfv. peck. D’ér’iwa dólb’it ‘It n. rain. Diminutive from: dosh. (woodpecker) pecks wood’. dózhd’ik Dózhik id’ót? ‘It’s raining’. dólga adv. long. On dólga n’i dazhidáyit Dózhik id’ót? ‘Is it raining?’ ‘He doesn’t wait long’. See: dawnó. Mnóga dózhik ‘Lots of rain’. dolk n. debt. Mnóga dalg’í ‘many dózhiw’ík n. raincoat. See: dazhiwóy debts’. pal’tó. dom n. house; home. plural dam’í. dráka n. fight. Iwónay dom ‘his house’. Ya drátsa v ipfv. fight. An’í mnóga ras paydú damóy ‘I’m going home’. drál’is’ ‘They fought many Stupáy nazát damóy! ‘Go back 24 DICTIONARY

times’. Ya n’i hachú drátsa ‘I duhowóy n. oven.

don’t want to fight’. An’í d’irútsa dúla n. gun barrel. ‘They are fighting’. See: wayawát’. dúmat’ v ipfv. think. On dúmayit ‘He’s n. drátwa heavy cotton thread. thinking’. Ya a t’ibé dúmayu drawá n. tree; wood. Sg: drof. On drawá ‘I think about you’. Ya na iwó d’élayit ‘He’s chopping wood’. dúmayu ‘I’m thinking about Lit: ‘He’s making wood’. him’. On pra t’ibé dúmayit ‘He is See: ; . d’ér’iwa l’is’ína thinking about you’. Dázhi n’i drazhát’ v ipfv. shake; tremble. On dúmay! ‘Don’t think about it!’ drazhál ‘He was trembling’. (one of the Ninilchik responses drosh n. chills. to "spas’íba"). N’i dúmay! ‘Don’t think about it!’ Ya dúmayu ya étu drózhi n. sourdough starter. pat’irál ‘I think I lost it’. Ya tak See: zakwáska; kwáshn’a. dúmayu ‘I think so!’ Mnóg’iya l’úd’i dúmayut pra ih zhis’. duráchka n. foolish female. See: durák. durák n. 1 • fool. plural durak’í. See: durnóy; duráchka; dur’ít’; baldá; glupóy. 2 • fool card game. durnóy adj. foolish, stupid. variant durnáya. Durnóy bába ‘ drugóy pro. other; different. foolish woman’; durnáya bába ‘ plural drug’íya. l’is’ín’i drug’íya foolish woman’; durnóy ‘ ‘other trees’. See: padrugómu; chalawék foolish man’. On See: . rázn’iya. durnóy ‘He is foolish’. durák v ipfv. drugóy rás adv. sometimes; other times. dur’ít’ goof off. On dur’ít ‘He’s On m’in’é drugóy rás wr’ót goofing off’. Búd’it t’ibé durét’! See: ; ‘Sometimes he lies to me’. ‘Quit goofing around!’ durák durnóy. druh n. close friend; pal. Éta moy druh n. ‘This is my pal’. See: tawár’ish; dushá soul. Ya n’e w’inawát shto t’ibé pár’in’; chum. chórnaókuyu ból’shi chem dúshu l’ubl’ú ‘I am not guilty that I love dubásnut’ v pfv. beat someone up. Ya you, dark-eyed one, more than yiwó dubásn’u ‘I will beat him my soul’. up’.

25 DICTIONARY dushít’ v ipfv. choke; suffocate. On dushít dwér’i n. door. Atkr’íy dwér’i! ‘Open the ‘He’s choking’. Rawúlka door!’ Zakr’íy dwér’i! ‘Close the kúr’ichku dushíl ‘Ralph choked a door!’ See: . little hen’. dúsha dwor n. yard; plot. D’és’at’ dwar’í ‘ten dútka n. dry celery tube; See: púchka. yards’. dw’inátsat’ num. twelve.

d’ád’a n. uncle. Moy d’ád’a ‘my uncle’. dut’ v ipfv. blow. Dúy! ‘Blow!’ Dúy na See: t’ótka.

agón’! ‘Blow on the fire!’ On na d’ákan’ n. deacon. variant d’yákan. agón’ dúyit ‘He’s blowing on the d’édushka n. grandpa; grandfather. fire’. Wét’ir dúyit ‘The wind is blowing’. See: parus’ít’; wét’ir. dwa num. two. Dwa s’istr’í/s’óstra ‘two sisters’. dwa rás adv. twice. Lit: ‘two times’. Ya t’ibé dwa rás n’i búdu gawar’át’! ‘I won’t tell you twice!’ dwátsat’ num. twenty. dwayn’ík n. twin. plural dwayn’ik’í. Photo of d’édushka kamár n. a very large kind of Marian Dorothea Broady (Wayne mosquito. Lit: ‘grandfather Leman`s mother) and her twin sister . Margaret (left). mosquito’ d’éfka n. (young) unmarried woman. Maladáya d’éfka ‘young woman’; d’éfk’ina chulk’í ‘women’s socks (stockings)’. See: d’ifchónka; d’éwachka; bába. d’élatsa v ipfv. happen, take place. W bal’shóy marós shugá d’élayitsa ‘Big frost makes slush ice (on the Inlet)’. See: d’élat’. d’élat’ v ipfv. do, make. Chiwó t’i

d’élayish? ‘What are you doing?’ Ya n’ichiwó n’i d’élayu ‘I’m not doing anything’. Chiwó aná

26 DICTIONARY

d’élayit? ‘What is she doing?’ Cho d’íkay kóshka n. lynx. See: kazná. t’i záftr’i búd’ish d’élat’? ‘What d’íkay l’uk n. wild scallion. will you do tomorrow?’ D’élay pa d’im n. smoke. par’átk’i! ‘Do it right!’ On grop d’élayit ‘He’s making a coffin’. d’ímna adv. cloudy. D’ímna ‘It’s cloudy’. See pfv: zd’élat’. See: zd’élanay. See: d’im’ít’. d’en’ n. day. variant d’en. Dwa d’n’i ‘two d’im’ít’ v ipfv. smoke. On d’im’ít ‘It’s days’. smoking’. See: d’im; d’ímna. d’én’g’i n. money. d’irá n. pit; hole. See diminutive: d’írka. d’én’ishn’ik n. purse, wallet. Ad’ín d’irá .. mnóga d’írya ‘One See: kal’ishók. (is) a pit, many (will be) pits’. d’ér’iwa n. tree; wood. Sukawátay Daróg’i pólan d’ír’ya ‘The road is See: . d’ér’iwa ‘knotty wood (tree)’; full of holes’. yáma suhóy d’ér’iwa ‘dry wood’; d’iréwn’a n. village; small town; gn’ilóy d’ér’iwa ‘rotten wood’; settlement. variant d’iréwna. d’ér’iwa dalb’ít ‘pecks the wood See: d’ir’ównay; s’iló. Usage: d’iréwna

(about woodpecker)’. See: drawá; is better known in Ninilchik than s’iló. l’is’ína. d’írka n. hole; small hole. Diminutive from: d’irá. d’es’ pro. here. D’es’ mnóga yágad’i v ipfv. ‘There’s a lot of berries here’. d’irzhat’ hold; use. Aná d’érzhit See: tut. iyónay béyb’ichku ‘She’s holding her baby’. Ya swoy rúk’i táha d’es’átka num. ten. variant d’és’it. d’érzhu kadá ya s tabóy gawar’ú num. See: . d’és’at’ ten. d’is’átka ‘I hold ("present") my hands this d’éwachka n. girl (teenager); teenage way while I talk to you’. Ya n’i girl. See: d’ifchónka; d’éfka. d’irzhú ‘I don’t use them d’éw’it’ ad’ín num. ninety one. anymore’. d’ir’iw’ánay adj. wooden. U n’iwó d’éw’it’ num. nine. pálachnay nagá, d’ir’iw’ánay ‘He d’ifchónka n. girl. plural d’ifchónk’i. has a peg leg, wooden’. See: d’éfka; mal’chíshka. d’ir’ównay adj. of village; small town. n. D’ikáp December. D’ir’ównaya yaz’ík ‘village d’íkay adj. wild. D’íkay kóshka ‘lynx’. Lit: language’. See: d’iréwn’a. ‘wild cat’. D’íkay l’uk ‘wild d’is’átka n. ten. scallion’. 27 DICTIONARY d’íshit’ v ipfv. breathe. On d’íshit ‘He’s chickweed’. See pfv: d’órnut’. breathing’. Trúdna d’íshit’ ‘It is See: w’íd’irnut’. hard to breathe’. d’órnut’ v pfv. See ipfv: d’órgat’. Ya iwó d’íwa n. virgin; maiden. Usage: not widely d’órnul ‘I (male) pulled (on) him’. known in Ninilchik. See: w’íd’irnut’. n. plural . d’íwna adv. good. d’ósna jaw; jawbone. d’ósn’i n. d’órgat’ v ipfv. jerk; tug; pull. Ya d’úym inch. w’ir’ófku d’órgayu ‘I’m pulling d’yáwal n. devil. See: chort; Sátana. on the rope’. On makréts d’yáwal’ina kálatúshka n. devil’s club. d’órgayit ‘He is pulling (weeding)

E - e el’iktr’íchistwa n. El’iktr’íchistwa pagás, that one going to be a husband?’ patúh, apét pashól ‘The Ét’i mál’in’k’iya ‘They are small’ electricity went off, stopped, (for example, of legs of a chair). then started up again’. Ya étu búdu m’it’ ‘I will wash it’. eraplán n. airplane; plane. plural eraplán’i. Ya étu méstu pr’íshla ‘I (female) came to this place’. Ya búdu yis éta pro. this, that, it. plural ét’i; káshku s ét’im ‘I will eat bread accusative étu; associative ét’im. Éta and milk with it’. shto? ‘What is this?’ Éta moy ‘That’s mine’. Éta moy dom ‘This is my house’. Éta mush búd’it? ‘Is

F - f fábr’ika n. cannery. variant pábr’ika. Ya fam’íl’a n. family, immediate family. tam na fábrik’i rabótal ‘I worked plural fam’íl’i. See: s’im’yá. there on a factory’. Na pábr’ik’i fanár’ n. lantern, flashlight. See: lámpa. ‘ on a factory’. fars’ít’ v ipfv. dress up, try to look nice. Aná fars’ít ‘she shows off’. fkúsnay adj. good; tasty; delicious. On fkúsnay ‘It’s tasty’. Fkúsn’im páhn’it ‘It smells good’.

28 DICTIONARY

fkúsnay adj. tasty. Óchin’ fkúsnay ‘very down on water, we were meeting tasty’. Baranof’. See pfv: fstrét’it’. flak n. flag. fs’idá pro. all the time; always. variant . fónagraf n. phonograph. fs’igdá On fs’idá zhálawayitsa ‘He always frúkta n. fruit. plural frúkt’I; frúkta. Frúkta complains’. On fsidá n’ézhitsa zak’ís ‘The fruit turned rotten’. ‘He is nagging all the time’. fse pro. everybody; everyone; See: wéchna. everything; all. Fse b’izhát fs’o pro. all, everything. plural fse; ‘Everybody is running’. See: fs’o; genitive fseh. Ya fs’o n’i znáyu ‘I fseh. don’t know it all’. Aná dúmayit fseh pro. everybody; everyone. l’úchi aná fs’o znáyit! ‘She thinks she fseh ‘better than everyone’. knows everything!’ Fs’o pagarél See: fse; fs’o. ‘Everything burned up’. fsk’ip’ít’ v pfv. boil (water). Ya cháyn’ik fs’o pro. all, everything. Fs’o rawnó fsk’ipú ‘I will put the tea kettle to ‘doesn’t matter’. Fs’o harashó boil’. Cháyn’ik fsk’ipél? ‘Did the w’íshla ‘Everything went well’. teakettle boil?’ See ipfv: k’ip’ít’. See: fse; fseh. See: kap’yat’ít’. ftaróy adj. second. See: pérway ’first’. fspat’ét’ v pfv. sweat. Ya fspat’él ‘I n. sweated’. See ipfv: pat’ét’. See: pot. Ftórn’ik Tuesday. adv. See: ; . fspómn’it’ v pfv. remember. Ya ftugúyu tightly. túgay túga fspómn’ila ‘I (female) funt n. pound. Páw’il, Páw’il, fúnt remembered’. See ipfv: pómn’it’. pr’ibáw’il ‘Paul, Paul, added a Usage: fstrét’it’ v pfv. meet. See ipfv: fstr’ichát’. pound’. A teasing rhyme. n. fstr’ichát’ v ipfv. meet. T’i ét’i Rusakóf fut foot (measure). fstrechál? ‘Did you meet those fut’íl n. wick. variant f’it’íl’. Russians?’ M’i ta schl’úpachk’i spuskál’i, m’i Baránawa fstrechál’i ‘We let the small boats

F’ - f’ f’íl’in n. owl. f’in’ík n. date. F’il’ip’ína n. Filipino. plural F’il’ip’ín’i. F’iwrál’ n. February.

29 DICTIONARY

G - g gagára n. loon. galón n. gallon. Pyat’ galón ‘five gallons’. gálstuk n. necktie; tie. galubóy adj. blue. Galub’íyi shtan’i ‘blue See: . jeans’. s’ín’ay ’blue’ galub’íyi shtan’í n. blue jeans. galashtán adj. naked (person). Galashtán See: shtan’í. béb’ichka pr’ishól ‘The baby gal’éts n. trout. without pants came’. galawá n. head. M’in’é galawá bal’ít ‘I have a headache’. Gólay galawá ‘bald head’. Ya t’ibé gólawu gal’ík n. broom. plural gal’ik’í. See: m’itló. slamú ‘I will beat you up’. Lit: I gal’ít’ v ipfv. catch; prey on; take. A gd’é will break your head. See diminutive: galófka. See: bashká. t’i r’íbu galísh? ‘Where do you catch fish?’ galbn’íka n. blueberry. variant klubn’íka, v ipfv. gulbn’íka. gan’át’ chase. Sabáka kóshku gan’áyit ‘The dog is chasing a cat’. Sabáka iyó gan’ál, at’éts sabáku gan’ál ‘The dog was chasing her, (and her) father was chasing the dog’. Ya iwó gan’áyu ‘I’m chasing him’. See pfv: prógnat’. galódnay adj. hungry. See: atashát’. gará n. hill, mountain. plural gór’i. G’il’d’ís’, tam sn’ek na goré! galófka n. fishhead. plural galófk’i. Diminutive from:galawá. ‘Look, there’s snow on the mountain!’ pad garé ‘at the bottom of the hill’. Lit: ‘under the hill’. On na makúshk’i na garé ‘It’s on top of the hill’. See: bugór;

ut’ós.

garazhán’i n. town people.

30 DICTIONARY

garbátay adj. hooked; humpbacked. gawar’át’ v ipfv. speak; talk; tell. On Garbátay nos ‘hooked nose’. gawar’ít’ ‘He’s speaking’. On See: garbúsha. mnóga gawar’ít ‘He talks a lot’. garbúsha n. pink salmon; humpy; N’i náda n’ikamú gawar’át! humpback salmon. ‘Don’t tell anyone!’ N’i náda tak Lit: ‘humpbacked’. plural garbúshi. gawar’át! ‘Don’t talk like that!’ See: s’ómga; k’itá; k’ízhuch; Ya gawar’íl ‘I talked’. chaw’ícha; krásnay r’íba; garbátay. See: pan’imát’. gawnó n. poop, feces. Usage: vulgar. See: sráka; túnta; kála. n. garchítsa n. mustard. gazal’ín boat; fishing boat. plural gazal’ín’i. See: lótka; parahót; garét’ v ipfv. burn. Agón’ gar’ít ‘The fire kát’ir; gazal’ínka. is burning’. Skóla gar’ít ‘The school is burning’. See pfv: pragarét’. See: zgarét’; pagarét’; pazhár. garnastáy n. weasel, ermine. Kak garnastáy na p’ál’i ‘as an ermine

on a skinstretcher’. See: láska. n. plural . garóh n. peas. gazal’ínka toy boats. gaz’il’ínk’i See: gazal’ín. garót n. garden, vegetable patch. variant agarót. On garót w’íkapal ‘He dug the garden’. garshók n. zawal’it grinding container. See: zawal’ít. gazéta n. newspaper; magazine. gas n. gas. gazn’ík n. gas can. gatóway adj. ready. T’i gatóway? ‘Are gd’e pro. where, where. variant a d’e, you ready?’ Ya gatóway ‘I’m gd’éta. Gd’e w’i id’ót’i? ‘Where ready’. T’i gatówaya? ‘Are you are you (many) going?’ A d’e (female) ready?’ twayá doch zhiw’ót? ‘Where does v ipfv. gawar’átsa talk to each other. An’í your daughter live?’ A gd’e t’i n’e gawarátsa ‘They are not rad’ílsa? ‘Where were you born?’

talking to each other’. A gd’e núzhn’ik? A gd’éta twoy See: gawar’at’.

31 DICTIONARY

pal’tó? ‘Where is your coat?’ A glupóy adj. stupid. See: durák. d’e zha twoy {automobile}? gl’id’ét’ v ipfv. 1 • look at; look for. See: ; ‘Where is your car?’ d’es’ variant g’il’d’ét’. Gl’id’í, sahát! kudá. ‘Look, a moose!’ On n’i znáit gd’éta adv. somewhere. Prachitál ya ad’é gl’id’ét’ ‘He doesn’t know ‘ gd’éta tózha Also, I read where to look’. See pfv: pagl’id’ét’. somewhere’. See: w’íd’it’. gen’irál n. general. 2 • look after; watch for. Ya ‘ glád’inay adj. smooth; serene; peaceful. béyb’ichku gl’izhú I am looking

variant gládnay. Daróga gládna ‘the after the baby’. Ya búdu yiwó ‘ road is smooth’. gl’id’ét’ I will look after him’. An’í yiwó gl’id’át ‘They watch glád’it’ v ipfv. iron. An’í na stal’é glád’il’i after him’. See: karaúl’it’; nán’it’. ‘They ironed on the table’. Ya n. glád’u ‘I’m ironing’. T’i glád’ish? gl’ína mud. Daróga pólan gl’ín’i ‘The Lit: ‘Are you ironing?’ Ya l’ubl’ú bil’o road is muddy’. ‘full of mud’. glád’it ízhi m’in’á n’i astanów’at N’i náda gl’ínu taskát! ‘Don’t

‘I like to iron clothes if they bring in the mud!’ don’t stop me’. See: ut’úk. gnoy n. pus. glas n. eye. plural glazá; galzá. Kár’iya gn’ilóy adj. rotten. Gn’ilóy d’ér’iwa glazá ‘brown eyes’; s’ín’iya glazá ‘rotten wood’. ‘ blue eyes’; z’il’ón’iya glazá gn’izdó n. nest. Pt’íchi gn’izdó ‘bird’s ‘ Lit: hazel eyes’. ‘green eyes’. nest’; aról’i gn’izdó ‘eagle’s Atkróy swayí galzá! ‘Open your nest’; ar’ól’ya gn’izdó ‘eagle’s

eyes!’ Kak’íya twoyí glazá? ‘What nest’; warón’i gn’izdó ‘crow’s

color are your eyes?’ nest’; warón’ina gn’izdó ‘crow’s gláwnay adj. main; bossy. Gláwnay nest’; ukúd’ik’ina gn’izdó ‘bee’s daróga ‘main road’. nest’. plural . gláwn’iya Mnóga gláwn’iya gólas n. voice. plural gólas’i. l’úd’i ‘Many bossy people’ gólat n. hunger. See: haz’áyin. gólay n. bald (person). On gólay ‘He’s glubókay adj. deep. variant gulbókay. bald’. Gólay galawá ‘bald head’. Glubókay wadá ‘deep water’. See: pl’esh. gluhóy adj. deaf. On gluhóy ‘He’s deaf’.

See: aglóhnut’. n. deaf (person).

32 DICTIONARY

gón’ay adv. always; all the time. On grúzd’i n. mushrooms. singular grus’t’. gón’ay wr’ot ‘He always lies’. On gruzd’óway adj. where mushrooms are gón’ay na láydu id’ót ‘He is found.

always going to the beach’. gr’as n. soil, dirt. See: zéml’a. n. górat town, city. gr’at n. hail. adj. górday intransigent; very stubborn; gr’áznay adj. dirty. Twoy dom gr’áznay See: . proud. upórnay ‘Your house is dirty’. Bashmak’í górkay adj. bitter. gr’ázn’iya ‘(Your) shoes are górla n. throat. dirty’. See: zamarátay. górn’isa n. living room. gr’eh n. sin. plural gr’ehí. U m’in’é mnóga gorp n. hump. gr’ehí ‘I have lots of sins’. Góspad’i n. Lord. Spas’í, Góspad’i! ‘Save, gr’ibát’ v ipfv. row. On gr’ib’yót ‘He’s (oh) Lord!’ Góspad’i, pam’íluy! rowing’. gr’ib’ít ‘(he/she) rows’. ‘Lord, have mercy!’ Ya gr’ib’yú ‘I’m rowing’. Gr’ib’í! See: . got n. year. plural góda. See: l’et. ‘Keep on rowing!’ gr’ibók n. plural , grábl’i n. rake. gr’ibók oar; paddle. gr’ipk’í gr’ibak’í. See: gr’ibát’; lapátka; w’isló. grammát’ika n. grammar. Ya Gr’imán’its n. German. grammát’iku nauchílsa ‘I learned n. grammar’. gr’imónchik harmonica. n. gréb’in’ n. comb. gr’imóshka accordion. grétsa v ipfv. warm; bask; warm up. Na pl’it’é gréyitsa ‘It is warmed on the stove’. See: gret’. gret’ v ipfv. warm; bask; warm up. Ya t’ib’á gréyu ‘I am warming you up’. See: grétsa. gr’im’ít’ v ipfv. make noise. Chiwóyta n. variant . grom thunder. gr’om gr’im’ít? ‘Something is making grómka adv. loudly. On grómka gawar’ít noise’. On gr’im’ít ‘He is making ‘He talks loudly’. noise’ (for instance, by rattling). grop n. coffin. plural grob’í. On grop See pfv: zagr’imét’. d’élayit ‘He’s making a coffin’. gr’ishnóy adj. sinful. On gr’ishnóy ‘He’s grúpka n. firebox. sinful’. grut’ n. chest. See: núshk’i.

33 DICTIONARY gr’iz’ít’ v ipfv. gnaw; chew. gúpka n. birch fungus; birch burl. See: zhuwat’ ’chew’. See: káratsa. gubá n. lip. plural gúb’i. gustóy adj. dense, strong. Yólk’i pálk’i gulbókay adj. deep. variant glubókay. gustóy l’es! ‘Spruce trees, canes, Usage: Glubók’iya sétk’i ‘deep nets’. dense forest!’ used as interjection to express vexation and gul’át’ v ipfv. visit, walk. Mózhit m’i puzzlement. Ya n’i hachú gustóy payd’óm gul’át’ ‘Maybe we’re chay ‘I don’t want strong tea’. going to go visit’. M’i payd’óm gus’ n. goose. plural gús’i. gul’át’ Ir’ín’i ‘We will go visit n. Irene’. Lit: ‘We will walk to Irene’s guwermánt government. (place)’. Aná w’izd’é gul’áyit! guwernátar n. governor. ‘She’s visiting everywhere!’ gwos’ n. nail. plural gwózd’i. On na gwos’ See: . had’ít’ nastup’íl ‘He stepped on a nail’

G’ - g’ g’itára n. guitar. g’itára n. guitar.

H - h had’ít’ v ipfv. walk. On nachináyit had’ít’ halst’ína n. fabric for dresses. ‘He is starting to walk’. Imú See: parus’ína. trúdna had’ít’ ‘It’s difficult for halúpk’i n. cabbage rolls. him to walk’. On had’íl ‘He haran’ít’ v ipfv. bury a deceased. (An’í walked’. See: gul’át’. iwó) haran’íl’i ‘They were burying v ipfv. hahatát’ guffaw, laugh. On him’. See: zakapát’. hahatáyit ‘He is guffawing’. See: sm’iyátsa. halódnay adj. cold. Mayí nog’í halódn’iya ‘My feet are cold’. See: hóladna; zast’ílay. halod’ít’ v ipfv. draft. Halod’ít ‘(It feels like) draft’. See: hóladna.

34 DICTIONARY

harashó adv. well, good. variant har’ishó. hmél’ n. hops. T’i harashó skazál ‘You (male) hóchit’ v ipfv. want. T’i hóchish ishó chay See: ; ; said it well’. haróshay l’úchi ‘Do you want more tea?’ Ya . lushóy hachú chay ‘I want tea’. Ya n’i haróshay adj. good. On haróshay hachú ‘I don’t want it’. chalawék ‘He is a good person’. See: ahóta ’urge’. Éta kóshka haróshay ‘This cat is hóladna adv. cold. variant halódna. M’in’é

good’. Éta hl’éba haróshay ‘This hóladna ‘I am cold’. Lit. To me it

bread is good’. Aná haróshaya is cold. Z’imóy hóladna ‘It is cold

‘She is good’. Náshiy dóchka in winter’. Óchin’ halódna ‘It’s

haróshaya ‘Our daughter is nice’. very cold’. See: halódnay; zhárka; ‘ Haróshay pagóda Good t’ipló. weather’. U n’iwó haróshay hólka n. lower back rabóta ‘He has a good job’. holód’n’ik n. variant holódn’ik. See: harashó; hudóy. refrigerator. hata n. house. Hátu stróyit ‘He builds a hor n. choir (at church). house’. hótka adv. fast. Aná hótka b’izhit ‘She is haz’áyin n. boss; host. plural haz’áyin’i. See: ; ; See: haz’áyka; gláwnay. running fast’. shípka b’ístra óchin’. haz’áyka n. boss lady. See: haz’áyin. hramát’ v ipfv. limp. On hramáyit ‘He’s hlópnut’ v pfv. slap; smack; hit. On limping’. m’in’é hlópnul ‘He slapped me’. hrap’ét’ v ipfv. snore. On mnóga hrap’ít Ya múhu hlópnul ‘I smacked the ‘He snores a lot’. Ya hrap’yú ‘I fly’. See: zw’íznat’. snore’. Ya hrap’íla ‘I snored’. On hlopúshka n. firecracker. Ya ad’ín fchará hrap’él ‘He snored hlopúshku pust’íl ‘I let off one yesterday’. firecracker’. hto pro. who. A hto strél’il sahát? hl’éba n. bread. variant hl’ep; plural hl’éb’i. ‘Who (male) shot the moose?’ A Zapl’és’l’inay hl’éba ‘mouldy hto t’ibé pazwál? ‘Who (male) bread’. Aná hl’ébu p’ik’ót ‘She called you?’ dative kamú. See: n’ihtó. bakes bread’. Kusók hl’éba ‘piece húda adv. badly. Húda, safsém húda! of bread’. ‘Badly, totally badly!’ On chiwóta hl’ibát’ v ipfv. slurp. On hl’ibáyit ‘He is húda zd’élal ‘He did something slurping’. bad’. See: hudóy; húzhi. 35 DICTIONARY hudóy adj. bad, no good. Éta hl’éba hwatálka n. door knob. See: hwatát’. hudóy ‘This bread is bad’. T’i hudóy mal’chíshka ‘You’re a bad boy’. Hud’ím páhn’it ‘It smells bad’. Hudóy tóka moy! ‘It may be bad but it’s mine’ (a saying).

Hud’íy kl’uchí ‘bad keys’. See: haróshay; húda. hwatát’ v ipfv. grab, touch. On hwatáyit húzhi adv. worse. On húzhi fseh ‘He’s ‘He grabbed (something)’. See: . the worst one’. See: húda. hwatálka n. ‘ huy n. penis. Usage: vulgar. See: kámka. hwos tail. Sabáchi hwos dog’s tail’; babróway hwos ‘beaver’s tail’; hwarátsa v ipfv. feel sick. Hwaráyitsa pt’íchk’ina hwos ‘bird’s tail’. ‘(Someone) is sick’. See: hwarát’. hwarát’ v ipfv. fall ill; get sick. Ya hwaráyu ‘I’m sick’. On hwaráyit ‘He’s sick’. Aná óchin’ hwarála ‘She was very sick’. Ya n’i búdu hwarát’ ‘I will not get ill’. See pfv: zahwarát’. See: bal’ét’; bal’nóy; hwarátsa.

I - i i conj. and. Karówa i b’iká ‘cow and bull’. igólka n. needle. plural igólk’i. Yólk’i igólk’i ‘spruce needles’. igrá n. game. Ya pat’ir’ál igrá ‘I (male) lost the game’. igrát’ v ipfv. play. On g’itáru igráit ‘He’s playing the guitar’. T’i hóchish

kárt’i igrát’? ‘Do you want to play cards?’ Photo of Nick Leman playing igrúshka n. toy. guitar. ih pro. them. variant yih. Mayí walasá kasmát’iya, ya íh atrézhu ‘My 36 DICTIONARY

hair is unruly, I’m going for a In’wár n. January. Lit: trim’. ‘I’m trimming them’. Ya Ipón’its n. Japanese (person). yih pamagáyu ‘I am helping iréy n. priest. See: arhiréy; bát’ushka; them’. Aná yih l’úb’it ‘She loves sw’ishchén’ik. them’. See: an’í; yíhnay. ískat’ v ipfv. search for; look for. On ikóna n. icon. See: óbras. iskáyit iwó ‘He is looking for n. See: ; ikrá fish eggs; roe; bait. malóka him’. Ya swoy nózhik iskáyu ‘I’m . nazhífka looking for my knife’. On ishó m’in’é íshit ‘He is still looking for

me’. Rabóta sam n’i pr’id’ót; iwó náda iskát ‘Work won’t arrive on íkra n. calf (of leg). plural ikr’í. See: nagá; its own; it is necessary to look l’áshka. for it’. See: nayt’í. iláits n. foreigner. plural iláitsi. Isk’imós n. Eskimo. plural isk’imós’i. íl’i conj. or. See: ízhl’i. ispáwda n. baking soda. imú pro. him. Ya imú kn’ígu dalá ‘I ispawédat’ v pfv. confess. Ispawéduy (female) gave him a book’. Imú swaí gr’ihí! ‘Confess your sins!’ trúdna had’ít’ ‘It’s difficult for See: íspaw’it’; greh. him to walk’. See: yey; yim; on. íspaw’it’ n. confession. Aná na íspaw’it’ imyá pro. them (associative case). Ya ushlá ‘She went to confession’. . paydú s imyá ‘I’ll go with them’ See: ispawédat’. See: an'í, ih. istór’iya n. history. ím’a n. name. plural im’iná. Wa ímya ishkát n. basket. atsá, i s’ínu, i sw’itáu dúhu. prt. Am’ín ‘In the name of the Father, ishó still; yet; more. On ishó id’ót’

and of the Son, and of the Holy ‘He’s still coming’. An’í ishó n’i

Spirit. Amen’. See: naz’iwát’. dashl’í ‘They are not ripe yet’. Ishó úgal’ palósh! ‘Put some Ind’éyits n. Indian (Native American). more coal in (the stove)!’ Ishó plural Ind’éytsi. mn’é kr’ichí! ‘Call me again!’ int’irésna adv. interesting. T’i s sabóy Pósl’i ishó ‘More later’. Ishó zabar’í, chitáy... óchin’ int’irésna pósl’i búd’im gawar’át’ ‘We’ll ‘Take it (a magazine) with you, talk some more later’. T’i read (it), it is very interesting’. hóchish ishó chay ‘Do you want n. See: . inw’ilóp envelope. konwért more tea?’ On ishó m’in’á íshchit

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‘He is still looking for me’. iz prep. out of; from. Ya zkaknúla iz See: ap’át’; nazát. l’is’ín’i ‘I (female) jumped down it’í v ipfv. come; go. Id’í yís’! ‘Come from the tree’.

eat!’ Ya idú na rabótu ‘I am izamn’át’ v pfv. wrinkle. On izamn’ál ‘He

walking to work’. Ya szád’i iwó wrinkled it up’. See: izam’átay. Lit: ‘ idú ‘I’m following him’. I’m izam’átay adj. wrinkled. B’il’ó izam’át’iya . going behind him’ Ya bayús it’í ‘The clothes are wrinkled’.

‘I’m afraid to go’. M’i n’ikudá n’i See: izamn’át’. móg’im it’í ‘We can’t go izw’in’ít’ v pfv. excuse; pardon. Izw’in’í! anywhere’. Ya hachú it’í K’ináy ‘I ‘Excuse (me)!’ Izw’in’í m’in’é! want to go to Kenai’. M’i id’óm ‘Excuse me!’ See: prast’ít’; zhálka. K’ináy ‘We’re going to Kenai’. On iz’úm n. raisin. plural iz’úm’i. id’ót ‘He’s coming’. Aná id’ót izhár’it’ v pfv. fry. On yiwó izhár’it ‘He ‘She’s coming’. An’í idút ‘They will fry it’. On m’ásu izhár’il ‘He are coming’. M’i id’óm ‘We are has fried up the meat’. See coming’. T’i id’ósh? ‘Are you ipfv: zhár’it’. coming?’ Sn’ek id’ót ‘It’s conj. if. variant yézhli. Ízhi t’i snowing’. Dózhik id’ót ‘It’s ízhi móg’ish ‘if you can’. Ya n’i znáyu raining’. Id’ót/pádayit shl’ákat’ ízhi on payd’ót ‘I don’t know ‘It’s sleeting’. Id’í sa mnoy! whether he will go’. Ízhi mnóga ‘Come with me!’ See pfv: payt’í; pr’iyt’í; dayt’í; prayt’í. yágad’i? ‘Are there lots of berries?’ Iwáng’il’i n. Gospel. ízhl’i conj. or. Kakóy t’i r’íbu hóchish, iwó pro. him. Ya iwó pamagáyu ‘I’m k’ízhuch ízhl’i krásnay r’íbu? helping him’. Ya iwó w’ízhu ‘I see ‘Which fish do you want, silver or him’. See: on; iyó; iwónay. red salmon?’ See: íl’i. iwónay pro. his. Iwónay dom ‘his house’; iyó pro. her. Ya iyó w’ízhu ‘I see her’. iwónay zhiná ‘his wife’; iwónay Ya iyó pamagáyu ‘I’m helping kn’íg’i ‘his books’. Iwónay s’in her’. Iyó n’ét’i ‘She’s not here’. mál’in’koy ‘His son is small’. See: aná; iwó; iyónay. plural yíhnay. See: on; iyónay. iyónay pro. her. plural yíhnay. Iyónay dom Iwréy n. Jew. plural Iwréyi. U iwréya na ‘her house’; iyónay mush ‘her nasú w’íras kust kal’ína ‘A high husband’. See: aná; iwónay. bush cranberry grew up the n. Jew’s nose’ (teasing). See: Zhit. Iyúl’ July.

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K - k kachálka n. rocking chair; rocker. kad’íla n. censer; incense holder. kachát’ v ipfv. rock; swing. Aná béb’ichku kaféyn’ik n. coffee pot. See: kóf’i . kacháyit ‘She is rocking the kak 1 • pro. what; how. Kak t’i pr’ishlá

baby’. On kacháyitsa ‘He is sudá? ‘How did you get here?’ See rocking’. Kacháy! ‘Rock it!’ Kak twóya mat’? ‘How is your pfv: . pakachát’ mother?’ n. kachél’ swing. 2 • conj. as; like. On kak sabáka kadá 1 • pro. when. variant kará. Kadá t’i b’izhít ‘He runs like a dog’. Kak pr’ishlá? ‘When did you (female) garnastáy na p’ál’i ‘As an ermine get back?’ on a skinstretcher’. See: kakóy. 2 • conj. when; during; while. Kadá kakarús n. corn. variant kukurús. ya bul maladóy ya sadók stróil kakóy pro. what. Kakóy u t’ib’á pagóda? ‘When I was young I built a fish ‘How’s your weather?’ Kakóy u trap’. On gawar’ít kadá on sp’it was bol’? ‘What sickness do you ‘He talks while he is sleeping’. have?’ See: kak; takóy. Myása n’i id’át kadá post ‘Meat is kála n. droppings; animal feces; turd. not eaten during Lent’. Kadá post See: túnta; gawnó. prayd’ót m’i búd’im kul’ích yis’ n. fritters. plural kalabáshk’i. ‘When Lent is over we will eat kalabáshka Easter bread’. See: n’ikadá; tadá. kalakónchik n. small bell. Diminutive from: kalakón’. kadán’ibut’ pro. sometime; any time. See: kadáta. kalakón’ n. bell. variant kalakól’. plural kalakón’i. See diminutive: kadáta pro. sometime. Kadáta ya paydú kalakónchik. Kalakón’i zwan’át S’úart ‘Sometime I’m going to ‘The bells are ringing’. Seward’. See: kadán’ibut’. Kad’ák n. Kodiak person. plural kad’ák’i.

kalatúshka n. club. D’yáwal’ina

kalatúshka ‘devil’s club’.

39 DICTIONARY kalawarót n. drill. kal’indár n. calendar. kalbak’í n. high-heeled shoes. kal’isó n. wheel. singular . See: ; . kalbak t’úhl’i bashmák kal’ishók n. wallet, purse. See: d’én’ishn’ik. kal’tsó n. ring. kal’échka.

kalód’its n. well. plural kalód’i, kalód’itsi. kalósha n. 1 • overshoe. plural kalóshi. kál’uk n. chamber pot, pee pot, potty can, honey bucket. plural kál’uk’i; . kamák n. masker; mummer; masked

person; masquerader. 2 • Tlingit. plural kamak’í. Kamak’í idút kalpák n. cap. See: shápka. ‘Maskers are coming.’ See: . kalúzhina n. puddle. maskarát n. plural ; . kal’échka n. ring. Pat’ir’ála ya kal’échku, káman’ rock. kám’in’I kamén’a See diminutive: . pat’ir’ála ya l’úbof’. I za étu za kám’ishk’i M’i kal’échku búdu plákat’ d’én’ i had’íl’i na láyd’i. Kamén’a ‘ noch ‘I have lost my ring, I have sab’irál’i We went to the beach

lost love. And for this ring I will to pick rocks’. Yézhl’i t’i m’in’é w weep day and night’. Diminutive káman’im k’ín’ish, ya Bózhin’k’i from: kal’tsó. skazhú ‘If you throw a rock at kal’éga n. cripple. me, I’ll tell God on you’ (what a local bird says). kal’énka n. knee. plural kal’énk’i. kamár n. mosquito. plural kamar’í. Zd’es’ kal’idór n. entryway; enclosed porch; b’iwáyut mnóga kamár’i ‘There Arctic entrance. are many mosquitoes’. n. high bush cranberry; kal’ína D’édushka kamár ‘Grandfather plural kal’ín’i. mosquito’ (a very large kind of mosquito). D’édushka kamár, wot takóy bal’shóy ‘Grandfather mosquito, this big’. Kamár

40 DICTIONARY

sas’yót ‘The mosquito sucks starts talking to you, and you blood’. Kamar’í kadá makró can’t stop him’. pr’il’itáyut ‘Mosquitos fly in kan’ók n. skate. plural kan’k’í. See: katátsa. when it’s wet’. kámas’i n. boots with soft upper part; moccasins. kámbal n. flounder. See: páltus.

kaparúl’a n. pick; mattock. kámka n. penis. Usage: vulgar. See: huy. kapát’ v ipfv. dig, shovel. Ya garót kampás n. compass. kapáyu ‘I am digging up the kamú pro. whom. See: hto. vegetable patch’. On kapáyit n. kam’ín heater; fireplace. ‘He’s digging’. M’i agarót kám’ishk’i n. small rocks; gravel. kapáyim ‘We are digging up the Usage: Not used by some speakers. vegetable patch’. An’í idút na See: . káman’ láydu mamáyi kapát’ ‘They are kanáwa n. ravine; ditch. Gerás’ima going to the beach to dig clams’. Kanáwa ‘Grassim’s Ditch’ (a See pfv: w’íkapat’. Photo of Kelly Dean Kvasnikoff digging clams with his and ravine in the bluff near the Cynthia Lee Baganov’s son Alex (Sasha). present day school on Sterling Highway). kanfét’i n. candy. singular kanfét. kán’ya n. rocks. variant: kán’i. Kán’i garáchayi ‘Rocks (in the sauna) are hot’. See: káman'. kan’échna prt. finally; of course; it is so; it is true; really; really true. variant kan’éshna. kan’éts n. end. Éta kan’éts ‘That’s the end’. On kákta… sgawar’ítsa s tabóy i kantsa n’étu! ‘He kind of

41 DICTIONARY kapkán n. trap. variant papkán. Usage: Modified form "papkan" is more common in Ninilchik than "kapkan". See: sadók.

karandásh n. pencil. plural karandáshi. kapt’ít’ v ipfv. smoke. On w puwárn’i karápn’it’ v pfv. snatch; grab. Ya iwó r’íbu kapt’ít ‘He smokes fish in karápnula ‘I (female) snatched the smokehouse’. M’i kapt’ím him’. Ya hachú karápn’it’ ‘I want balík w puwárn’i ‘We smoke fish to grab it’. See: zahwat’ít’. in the smokehouse’. See: káratsa n. birch fungus; birch burl. Ín’i puwárn'a. káratsu dastánut ‘They will get kapúha n. slowpoke. plural kapúh’i. An’í this stuff’. See: zawal’ít; karyó; kapúh’i ‘They are slowpokes’. gúpka. v ipfv. kapústa n. cabbage. karaúl’it’ watch; take care of; care for. On sabáku karaúl’it ‘He is kap’íta n. hoof. plural kap’ít’i. Ét’i twaí taking care of the dog’. On iyó kap’ít’i nóg’i ‘Those your hoof karaúl’il ‘He watched her’. On legs’ (teasing). sérkaf karaúl’il ‘He watched for kap’itán n. captain. the church’. See: gl’id’ét’; sl’id’ít’. kap’yat’ít’ v ipfv. boil (water). Cháyn’ik káray adj. brown. variant kár’iy. Káray búdu kap’yat’ít’ ‘(I) will put the m’id’wét’ ‘grizzly bear’. Lit: tea kettle to boil’. See pfv: fsk’ip’ít’. ‘brown bear’. Kár’iya glazá See: k’ip’ít’. Usage: Not used by some ‘brown eyes’; kár’iya walasá speakers. ‘brown hair’. karábl’ n. ship; boat. See: lótka. Usage: Not n. used by some speakers. káray m’idwét’ brown bear; grizzly bear. karab’ín n. carabine. karén’a n. stump. karam’ísla n. yoke. variant karam’ízla; karmá n. stern of a boat. variant ’boat plural karam’ísl’i. Ya mnóga deck’. karam’íslam wódu taskál ‘I karmán n. pocket. packed lots of water with the yoke’. See: yarma.

42 DICTIONARY

karm’ít’ v ipfv. feed. Aná but’ílku karm’íla kártachka n. postcard.

‘She bottle fed’. An’í t’ibé kartóf’il’ n. potato. plural kartóf’il’i.

kórm’át ‘They give you food’. Kartóf’il paspél, paspél, paspél An’i s’ibé kórm’at ‘They are ‘Potatoes is cooked, is cooked, is See pfv: feeding themselves’. cooked’. Usage: Ninilchik children nakarmít’. would say this while pulling toy boats karóchi adv. Shorter; faster. Mayi br’úk’i in the river, imitating the sound of a boat engine. See: kartóshka. karóchi chem twayí ‘My pants are shorter than yours’. karóga n. sawhorse. karól’i n. king. See: tsar. karóna n. crown.

kartóshka n. potato. See: kartóf’il’. kartús n. parcel; cardboard box; box. See: yáshchik. kárt’i n. cards; playing cards. T’i hóchish kárt’i igrát? ‘Do you

want to play cards?’ Sasawát’ karótkay adj. short. Aná karótkaya ‘She kart’i! ‘Shuffle cards’. Ya sas is short’. A ya karótkay ‘But I am Joem kárt’i igráyu ‘I was playing short’. See: w’isókay; dl’ínay. cards with Joe’. karówa n. cow. plural karów’i. ‘(He) s’yel kart’ína n. picture; painting. karówu i b’iká ‘He ate a cow and plural kart’ín’i. An’í kart’ín’i a bull’. See: mátka. kráshut ‘They paint pictures’. Usage: . karów’inay adj. cow. Not used by some speakers See: patrét. karp’int’ér n. carpenter. karyó n. bark. B’ir’óz’ina karyó ‘birch karp’íwa n. nettle. plural karp’íw’i. bark’. See: káratsa. kar’áway adj. curvy; twisty. Éta kar’áway daróga ‘This road is curvy’.

kárta n. map. 43 DICTIONARY kasá n. scythe. plural kós’i. Mál’in’koy coughing’. Aná káshil’it ‘She is kasá ‘sickle’. Lit: ‘little scythe’. coughing’. See pfv: pakáshl’it’. See: kas’ít’. See: káshil’. katátsa v ipfv. slide; skate; ski; ride. M’i na m’id’wéd’ina kózhi skatál’i ‘We slid on a bear skin’. See: kan’ók.

katór’iy pro. who; what; which. plural: adj. kasalápay bow-legged; clumsy. katórchi. Katór’i chas? ‘What time kasét n. tobacco pouch. See: tabat’érka. is it?’ Katór’i mnóga sp’it... ‘Who Usage: Not used by some speakers. sleeps a lot...’. kasmátay adj. messy; unruly; disheveled. katúshka n. 1 • spool. Ap’át’ pustóy Twayí walasá kasmát’iya ‘Your katúshka ‘Again the spool is hair is messy’. Mayí walasá empty’. kasmát’iya; ya ih atrézhu ‘My 2 • rolling pin. See: skálka. hair is unruly; I’m going for a 3 • rolling toy. See: táchka. trim’. Lit: ‘I’m cutting it’. kát’ir n. boat. See: lótka; gazal’ín; parahót. kastrúl’a n. 1 • cooking pot. kat’ól n. cast iron pot. 2 • pot (of fishtrap). variant kastrúl’; n. . See: kót’ik; kóshka. plural kastrúl’i. kat’ónak kitten n. kast’íl’ n. cane; crutch; walking stick. kazáchka Cossack girl. Ap chom See: pálka. kazáchka pláchit, ap chom b’idn’azhichka gruz’it. I n’i kadá kás’it’ v ipfv. cut (grass), mow. On kós’it ya n’i zabúdu... ‘What is the séna ‘He’s cutting/mowing hay’. Cossack girl crying about, what Séna kas’íl ‘(He) cut the grass’. See: rézat’. is the poor soul sad about? And I will never forget...’. kas’ít’ v ipfv. cut (grass), mow. See: kasá; n. rézat’. kazák Cossack; Russian man; macho person. plural kazak’í. kásha n. porridge. kazláchik n. navel, belly button. káshil’ n. cough. kazná n. lynx. variant kázna; plural kazn’í. káshka n. porridge. Diminutive from: kásha. See: d’íkay kóshka. See: rasamága. See: malakó. kaz’ól n. goat. See diminutive: kózl’ik. káshl’it’ v ipfv. cough. On káshl’ayit ‘He’s conj. coughing’. Ya káshl’u ‘I’m kazhí if; whenever.

44 DICTIONARY

kázhnay pro. every. Kázhnay ras ‘every books’. Ya sas kn’ígoi s’izhú ‘I’m time’; kázhnay dom ‘every sitting with a book’. house’. kn’íshka n. small book. Diminutive kayút n. coyote. plural kayót’i. from: kn’íga. Zap’isnáya kn’íshka ‘ kládb’ishcha n. graveyard; cemetery. notebook’. kófta n. jacket. kóf’i n. See: kaféyn’ik. kól’sa n. bracelet.

klast’ v ipfv. put. Ya kastrúl’u w duhów’iy kladú ‘I put the pot in the oven’. See pfv: palazhít’. klop n. bed bug. plural klap’í. Kúcha

klap’í ‘lots of bed bugs’. n. kl’ésht’i n. pliers. kómnata room. Chiyá éta kómnata? ‘Whose is this room’. kl’étchitay adj. checkered. v pfv. variant chéchitay. kónchit’ finish, end. On kónchil ‘He finished’. On ishó n’i kónchil ‘He kl’ískay adj. slippery; icy. variant skl’ískay. didn’t finish (it) yet’. Ya swoy L’ot kl’ískay ‘The ice is slippery’. chay kónchila ‘I (female) finished Daróga skl’ískay ‘The road is (drinking) my tea’. slippery’. See: askl’íska. konwért n. envelope. See: inw’ilóp. kl’isó n. porch. See: kr’il’só. kon’ n. horse. See: lóshit’. kl’iyonka n. table сloth (oily). kón’chik n. end, tip. kl’uch n. 1 • key. plural kl’uchí. Kak’íya t’i n. m’in’é kl’uchí dal! ‘What kind of kórka crust. keys did you give me!’ kósa n. braid. plural kós’i. 2 • wrench. kost’ n. bone. variant kos’; plural kós’t’a. 3 • spring (water). kost’anóy adj. bony. Bába Yagá kl’un n. beak. kost’anáya nagá; nos w patalók kn’íga n. book. plural kn’íg’i. See diminutive: wros ‘Old Lady Yaga had a bony kn’íshka. Moy kn’íga ‘my book’. leg; her nose grew to the Usage: . Éta mayí kn’íg’i ‘These are my ceiling’. An old Russian saying

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Kóshachiy Prázn’ik n. Halloween. you paint your house?’ Lit: ‘cat’s holiday’. An’í nar’isúyut See: kráshit’; w’íkrashit’. chórnaya kot... na aknó krásnay adj. red. Krásnay r’íba ‘red pr’ilyép’at’, i bába na gal’ík’i, na salmon’. U n’iwó krásn’iya mitl’é, fs’o chórnayu nós’it... walasá ‘He has red hair’. bába na mitl’é lit’ít... patóm Krásn’iya yágad’i ‘red berries’. ‘ nar’isúyut na akn’é They will krásnay r’íba n. sockeye, red salmon. draw a black cat and glue it to Lit: ‘red fish’. See: s’ómga; k’itá; the window, and a woman k’ízhuch; chaw’ícha. dressed in all black on a broom... this woman flies a broom. Then they will draw it on a window’. See: kóshka; prázn’ik. krásnaya br’úshka n. robin. Lit: ‘red kóshka n. cat. plural kóshk’i. See: kot; kót’ik. belly’. variant krásnay br’úshka. kót n. cat (male), tomcat. See See: br’úshka; br’úha. diminutive: kót’ik. See: kóshka. krásnaya smaród’ina n. red currant. See: smaród’ina. kras’íway adj. pretty; beautiful; handsome; looking good. Aná kras’íwaya ‘She is pretty’. Aná kót’ik n. kitten, small cat. Diminutive óchin’ kras’íwaya ‘She is very from: kot. See: kat’ónak; kóshka. pretty’. kras’íw’iya glazá kózl’ik n. kid (goat). Diminutive from: kaz’ól. ‘beautiful eyes’. See: zabáwnay. kóz’ir’i n. trump. kráshit’ v ipfv. paint. Béb’ichka bumágu n. kózha skin. M’í na m’id’wéd’ina kózhi kráshit ‘The child paints on the

katál’is ‘We slid on a bear skin’. paper’. Ya l’ubl’ú kráshit’ ‘I like See: kózhuch; shkúra; ragózha. to paint’. Ya yáytsi kráshu ‘I’m kózhuch n. hide, leather. See: kózha. coloring eggs’. See pfv: w’íkrashit’. kóyka n. bed. T’i na kóyk’i s’id’ísh ‘You See: kráska; w’íkrashinay. are sitting on a bed’. Krépkay krawát’ n. straw bed. See: kóyka. ‘ See: . kóyka firm bed’. krawát’ kray n. edge; outskirt. n. kráska paint. Kakóy kráska? ‘What krépkay adj. hard; tough. Myása krépkay

paint?’ Kakóy kráskay t’i swoy ‘The meat is hard’. Dom bul dom w’íkrashil? ‘What color did krépkay ‘The house was tough’.

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kres n. crucifix, cross. plural kr’ist’í. Na króshk’i n. (coal) scraps; bread crumbs. krést’i ‘on the cross’. See: kr’ist’ít’; See: króshka. ; . kr’ist’ítsa apkr’ist’ít’ kruchk’í n. gaff hooks. krúglay adj. round. krugóm adv. around. variant krúgam. Ya krugóm bégay’u, nichiwó n’i d’élayu ‘I’m running around doing nothing’. krupá n. rice. See: r’is. krutóy adj. steep. Na krutóy b’ir’igú ‘on the steep shore’; na krutóy garé ‘on the steep hill’.

kruzhít’ v ipfv. whirl; be dizzy. On m’in’é n. variant . krof blood. kr’of U m’in’é krof kruzhít ‘He whirls me around’. Lit: b’izhít ‘I’m bleeding’. ‘My M’in’é krúzhit ‘I’m dizzy’. M’in’é blood is flowing’. U m’in’é iz kruzhíla chará ‘I was dizzy nózu krof b’izhít ‘My nose is yesterday’. Ya n’i hachú shtób’i bleeding’. Lit: ‘Blood is flowing m’in’á kruzhíla ‘I don’t want to

from my nose’. Kamár krof be dizzy’. See: krúgam. sas’yót ‘The mosquito is sucking kr’ichít’ v ipfv. 1 • shout. Aná kr’ichít ‘She blood’. U m’in’é n’imnóshka is shouting’. rúskay krof ‘I have a little 2 • call (phone). Ishó m’in’é Russian blood’. kr’ichí! ‘Call me again!’ król’ik n. rabbit. Bélay król’ik ‘white kr’iló n. wing. plural kr’íl’a. rabbit’. kr’il’só n. porch. variant kr’il’tsó. See: paróga; kl’isó. kr’ist’ítsa v ipfv. cross oneself. On kr’ist’ílsa ‘He crossed himself’. Aná kr’ist’ílas ‘She crossed herself’. See pfv: pakr’ist’ítsa. See: kr’ist’ít’; apkr’ist’ít’; kres. króshka n. little one; crumb. See: króshk’i. kr’ist’ít’ v ipfv. baptize, christen. Kr’ist’át Usage: Not used by some speakers. ‘(they) baptize (somebody)’.

47 DICTIONARY

See: kr’ist’ítsa; apkr’ist’ít’; (they) curled their hair’. kr’ishchén’a; kres. See: kudr’áway. kr’ísha n. roof. Ya hachú zal’ést’i na kúhnya n. kitchen. T’ótk’ina kúhnya kr’íshu ‘I want to climb up on the ‘Auntie’s kitchen’. See: . roof’. kr’íshka kukarékat’ v ipfv. crowing; rooster crow. kr’ishchén’a n. baptism; christening; See: p’ituh.

baptism day; christening day. kukaréku prt. sound of rooster. See: kr’ist’ít’; kr’ist’ítsa; apkr’ist’ít’; kúkla n. doll. plural kúkl’i. sw’ishchén’ik. kuk’ídw’ik’i n. driftwood. kr’íshka n. lid. See: kr’ísha. kul’ích n. Easter bread, bread - Easter. kr’iwóy adj. crooked. Daróga kr’iwóy Káda Pos prayd’ót m’i búd’im ‘The road is crooked’. U n’iwó kul’ích yíst’ ‘When Lent is over kr’iwóy nos ‘He has a crooked we will eat Easter bread’. nose’. kr’ósnay n. godfather. See: kr’ósnaya. kr’ósnaya n. godmother. See: kr’ósnay. kúcha n. swarm; pile; flock; lots of. Kúcha klap’í ‘lots of bed bugs’; tséla kúcha M’ir’ikántsi ‘a whole bunch of Americans’. Pt’ítsi pa kúchi l’itáyut ‘The birds are kul’ík n. sandpiper; snipe. plural kul’ik’í. flying in flocks’. See: mnóga. kum n. older fellow man. See: kumá. kudá pro. where to. Kudá t’i ushól? n. See: . ‘Where did you go?’ Kudá t’i kumá older fellow woman. kum id’ósh? ‘Where are you going?’ kúpal n. cupola. variant kúmpal; Kudá m’i id’óm? ‘Where are we plural kúmpala. going?’ variant kud’í. Kud’í t’i id’ósh? ‘Where are you going?’ See: gd’e; tudá; n’ikudá; kudáta. kudáta pro. somewhere. See: kudá. kudr’áway adj. curly. Iyónay walasá kudr’áwaya ‘Her hair is curly’. kudr’áw’it’ v ipfv. curl hair. Takúy walasá

swayí kudr’áw’il’i ‘This way

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kup’ít’ v pfv. buy. Ya kup’íla at iwó ‘I beginning of a cute song). See: . (female) bought it from him’. Ya kurapáshka kup’íl at iwó ‘I (male) bought it kúr’it’ v ipfv. smoke. On kúr’it ‘He is from him’. Stupáy kup’í sáhar! smoking’. Mnóga l’úd’i kur’íl’i ‘Go buy sugar!’ See ipfv: pakupát’. ‘Many people smoked’. kúra n. chicken; hen. variant kúr’itsa. See kusátsa v ipfv. bite. Kamar’í kusáyutsa diminutive: kúr’ichka. See: tsipl’ónak; ‘Mosquitos are biting’. See: kusát’. kurapáshka; p’itúh. kusát’ v ipfv. bite. See pfv: atkus’ít’. n. kurapáshka ptarmigan. See: kusátsa. variant kurpáshka; plural kurapáshk’i. kusóchik n. small piece. plural kusóchk’i. See: kúra. Kusóchik p’irók ‘a little piece of pirok’. Diminutive from: kusók. See: astáfk’i. kusók n. piece; chunk. Kusók hl’éba ‘piece of bread’. Kusók m’ása ‘piece of bread’. See diminutive: . kusóchik kust’í n. willows, brush. singular kust. kúrwa n. prostitute. Kurwáchiy dom See: wérba; tal’n’ík. ‘brothel’ Lit: ‘house of kust’inóy adj. brushy. Kust’inóy l’es prostitution’. See: bardák, ‘ kurwáchiy dom. brushy area’. n. plural . kurzhák n. snow on branches etc. kúshan’a kushan’ya Sámaya See: sn’ek. gláwnaya kushаn’a – p’irók ‘The kur’átn’ik n. chicken coop. Moyá mat’ most important food is cake’. m’in’á paslála w kur’átn’ik yáytsi kúshat’ v ipfv. eat. T’i kúshayish? ‘Are dastawát’ ‘My mom sent me to you eating?’ W’i kúshayit’i? ‘Are the chicken coop to get eggs’. you (plural) eating?’ Kúshay! Mnóga kúr’i w kur’átn’ik’i ‘There ‘Eat!’ M’in’e ahóta kúshat’ ‘I want are many hens in the chicken to eat’. Chiwó t’i kúshayish? coop’. ‘What are you eating?’ Ya r’íbu See pfv: kúr’ichka n. little chicken; little hen. kúshayu ‘I’m eating fish’. . See: ; . variant kúr’itsa. Diminutive from: kúra. pakúshat’ yis’ kúshan’a Rawúlka kúr’ichku dushíl ‘Ralph choked a little hen’ (the 49 DICTIONARY kushónka n. sourdough; dough. M’in’é going to go set bread’ (dough). náda kushónku pastáw’it’ ‘I need Kwáshn’u pastáw’at kahda an’í to start the dough’. See: kwáshn’a. fs’ó palózhut ‘They set the sourdough when everything is in kut’yá n. memorial pudding. there’. See: kushónka; t’ésta; kwáshn’a n. leavened dough; zakwáska; drózhi. sourdough. Ya pastánu kwáshn’u kwórt n. quart. ‘I’m setting the (sour) dough’. Ya paydú kwáshn’u pastánu ‘I’m

K’ - k’

K’ináytsi n. Kenai Indians, Kenaitze. k’ishk’í n. guts; intestines. singular k’ishká, k’inkáshl’a n. dewberry; low bush k’ishók, chishká; variant k’is’í. M’in’é blueberry. plural k’inkáshl’i. k’ishk’í karótk’iya ‘I don’t have See: galbn’íka. guts’. Lit: ‘My guts are short’. ‘ k’ínut’ v pfv. throw at. On m’in’é kám’in Máyin’koy k’ishók short temper;

k’ín’ul ‘He threw a rock at me’. hot temper’. Lit: ‘ . Yézhl’i t’i m’in’é w kámen’i small gut’ k’ín’ish, ya Bózhink’i skazhú ‘If k’ishók n. a special kind of snowshoe. you throw a rock at me, I’ll tell plural k’ishk’í. See: lápka. God on you’ (what a local bird k’it n. whale. plural k’ít’i.

says). k’íta n. chum salmon; dog salmon. k’ipréy n. fireweed. Usage: This word is known by some Ninilchik speakers but chum salmon is k’ip’ít’ v ipfv. boil. Cháyn’ik k’ip’ít ‘The usually called sabáka. Lit: ‘dog’. teakettle is boiling’. Chiwó u See: sabáka. See: s’ómga; n’erka; t’ibé k’ip’ít ‘What do you have k’ízhuch; chaw’ícha; krásnay r’ibá; boiling?’ Ya sup k’ip’yú ‘I’m garbúsha. boiling soup’. Aná r’íbu k’ip’ít K’itáits n. Chinese person. plural K’itáytsi. ‘She is boiling fish’. See n. pfv: fsk’ip’ít’. See: kap’yat’ít’. k’ízhuch silver salmon, coho. See: s’ómga; k’itá; chaw’ícha; krásnay k’íslay adj. fermented, sour. K’íslay r’íba; garbúsha. malakó ‘sour milk’; k’íslay kapústa ‘sauerkraut’. k’ist’ n. hand. See: ruká.

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L - l labadátka n. bowl. lapúsha n. sweetie, my dear. ládan n. incense. láska n. weasel. See: garnastáy. ladón n. palm of hand. laskutók n. patch, cloth piece. lafchít’ v ipfv. M’in’é n’i lafchít ‘I don’t See: pachínka. feel well’. Fchirá yimú n’i lafchíla lástachka n. sparrow; swallow. ‘ //yiwó n’i lafchíla Yesterday he lashad’ín’iy adj. relating to horses. See: . didn’t feel well’. chústwat’ Lashad’ín’iy skót’n’ik ‘stable’. láfka n. store. plural láfk’i. Mál’in’koy See: lóshit’. ‘ láfka small store’. láwushnay adj. made; manufactured. láwushn’iya zúb’i ‘false teeth’. Lit: ‘from-the-store teeth’. law’ít’ v ipfv. catch. An’í r’íbu law’íl’i ‘They caught fish’. Ya lawl’ú ‘I’m lahánka n. washtub, tub. plural lahánk’i. catching (something)’. See: paymát’; dóbat’. lamát’ v ipfv. break. Ya lamáyus’ ‘I’m broke’. See pfv: slamát’. láyat’ v ipfv. bark. On láyit ‘He’s lámpa n. lamp. plural lámp’i. See: fanár’; barking’. zhírn’ik. láyda n. beach, spit. M’i payd’óm na lampáda n. icon-lamp. láydu ‘We’re going to the beach’. See: bér’ik. lapáta n. shovel. See diminutive: lapátka. See: lapátachka. lapátachka n. turner. See: lapáta. lapátka n. 1 • shovel. Diminutive from: lapáta. See: lapátachka.

2 • paddle. See: gr’ibók. n. elbow. lápka n. snowshoe. plural lápk’i. lókat’ See: k’ishók. lop n. forehead. lópnut’ v pfv. break; burst. W’irófka lópnul ‘The rope broke’. lópnu ‘(I) will burst/break’. See: slamátsa; slamát’.

51 DICTIONARY lóshit’ n. horse. variant lóshat’; luná n. moon. Luná swét’it ‘The moon plural lóshad’i. Pradáy m’in’é twoy is shining’. Pólnay luná ‘full lóshit’! ‘Sell me your horse!’ On moon’; nóway luná ‘new moon’. na lóshad’i pashól ‘He went on lushóy adj. best. variant luchiy. Lushóy See: ; . the horse’. lashad’ín’iy kon’ lahánka ‘the best washtub’. lóshka n. spoon. See: l’úchi; haróshay. lótka n. boat. plural lótk’i. See: gazal’ín; parahót; karábl’; dóra. lukóshka n. basket.

L’ - l’ l’áshka n. leg; thigh. plural l’áshk’i. years, many years, many years!’ See: bétra; nagá; íkra. See: got; l’étam; l’éta. l’échit’ v ipfv. heal; doctor. variant l’ichít’. l’éta n. summer; years. See: l’et. Aná l’échit l’ud’éy ‘She heals l’étam adv. summertime. See: l’et.

(doctors) people’. On l’ichít iyó l’éway adj. left. On l’éwuyú pl’ichó slamál ‘He’s healing her’. Dóktar ‘He broke his left shoulder’. ‘ t’ibé l’ichíl The doctor healed See: práway. you’. l’ífa n. brassiere. variant l’ífka. l’es n. forest. Yólk’i pálk’i gustóy l’es! See: braz’ír. ‘Spruce trees, canes, dense l’ifshóy adj. left-handed. forest!’ See: l’is’ína. l’igúshka n. frog. l’ésn’itsa n. ladder. See diminutive: l’és’inka. l’ihkó adv. easily. L’ihko? N’et ‘Is it easy? See: trap. No’. l’és’inka n. ladder. Diminutive n. medicine. from: l’ésn’itsa. See: trap. l’ikárstwa n. lemon. l’et n. years. Skólka wam l’et? ‘How l’imón old are you?’ M’in’é d’íw’atnósta l’int’áy n. lazy person. On óchin l’int’áy l’et, nu góda {maybe} ‘I am 90 ‘He’s very lazy’. years old’. Lit: ‘To me there are 90 years’. Mnógaya l’éta, mnógaya l’éta, mnógaya l’éta! ‘Birthday greeting’. Lit: ‘Many

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l’ipl’óshka n. pancake; fried bread. l’it’inánt n. lieutenant. plural . See: ; l’ipl’óshk’i aládushk’i l’izhat’ v ipfv. lie; lie down. On na kóyk’i bl’in’í; pr’isn’ét’. l’izhít ‘He’s lying on the bed’. l’ízhi n. skis. singular l’ízha. l’óhkay adj. 1 • light, slight. L’óhkay wét’ir ‘light breeze’. On l’óhkay ‘It’s light’. See: t’izhólay. 2 • l’íst n. leaf. plural l’íst’a, l’íst’i. See: l’istwá. easy. N’i kakóy rabóta n’i l’óhkay ‘No work is easy’. l’istvá n. foliage. L’istvu sab’iráyut… im n. núzhna ‘[They] collect foliage, l’óhk’i lungs. they need it’. l’ot n. ice. L’ot kl’ískay ‘The ice is See: . l’is’ína n. tree. plural l’is’ín’i. L’is’ína slippery’. shugá w’isókay ‘The tree is tall’. On l’ubów n. love. zal’és na l’is’ínu ‘He climbed up l’úb’it’ v ipfv. love, like. Ya t’ibé l’ubl’ú

a tree’. Ya iyónay kóshku w’íd’ila ‘I love you’. Aná nas l’úb’it na l’is’ín’i ‘I (female) saw her cat ‘She loves us’. Aná yih l’úb’it See: ; . up a tree’. l’es d’ér’iwa ‘She loves you guys’. On m’in’é l’is’ítsa n. fox. plural l’is’ítsi. Krásnay n’i l’úb’it ‘He doesn’t like me’. l’is’ítsa ‘red fox’. Ya iwó n’i l’ubl’ú ‘I don’t like him’. T’i l’úb’ish? ‘Do you like (it)?’ Ya l’ubl’ú balík ‘I like balik’. Ya l’ubl’ú w’izát’ ‘I like to knit’.

l’úchi adv. better. Záftr’i búd’it l’úchi ‘Tomorrow will be better’. l’úchi l’itát’ v ipfv. fly. Múha l’itáyit ‘A fly is fseh ‘best’. See: harashó; lushóy. flying’. See pfv: pr’il’itát’. l’úd’i n. people. Aná l’échit l’ud’éy l’itsó n. face. ‘She heals (treats) people’. l’itúchay adj. flying. l’itúchay m’ishónak See: chalawék. ‘bat’ Lit: ‘flying mouse’. l’uk n. onion, chives. See: l’úkaw’itsa. l’iturg’íya n. liturgy. Zhést’ina l’iturg’íya l’úkaw’itsa n. onion bulb, bulb of onion. ‘ divine liturgy’. See: l’uk. v ipfv. l’it’ pour. Aná l’íyit chay ‘She l’úlka n. baby cradle. variant yúlka. pours the tea’. See pfv: nal’ít’. See: razl’iwát’. 53 DICTIONARY

M - m machálka n. washcloth. makúshka n. top of hill; top of machít’ v ipfv. soak. Skólka chas t’i ih mountain; pate; top of head. Na móchish? ‘For how long do you makúshk’i ‘on top of the head’; soak it’. on na makúshk’i na garé ‘it’s on máchta n. mast. top of the hill’. adj. mag’íla n. grave. mála few; a little. R’íba mála ‘(There is) a few fish’. makáka n. monkey. plural makák’i. T’i adj. hudóy makáka ‘You’re a no good maladóy young. On maladóy ‘He’s ‘ monkey’. Tr’ík’i trák’i, tr’i young’. Maladáya d’éfka young See: . makák’i; ya zabúl chiwó ishchó woman’. malózhi ‘Kid’s rhymes imitating the malad’éts n. good person. sound that a handle on the coal malakó n. milk. variant mal’ikó. stove makes when taking ashes malatók n. hammer. On malatkóm out and rhyming it with the word stúkayit ‘He’s hitting (on . Lit: for the monkey’ ‘Trick-track, something) with a hammer’. three monkeys, I forgot what else was there’. See: Múnk’ina Réchka; tr’ík’i trák’i. makréts n. chickweed. On makréts d’órgayit ‘He is pulling out chickweed’.

malchát’ v ipfv. quiet, be quiet, silent, be silent. Aná malchít ‘She’s quiet’. Malchí! ‘Be quiet! / Silent!’ See: zamalchít’. n. Maks’ikán n. Mexican. plural Maks’ikán’i; malóchn’ik milk jar. variant Maks’ikán’its. malóka n. milt, sperm. plural malók’i. See: . Maks’ikán’its n. Mexican. ikrá plural Maks’ikántsi; variant Maks’ikán. malót’ v ipfv. grind. Malól’i ‘(They) were makúla n. homebrew. See: shámsha. grinding’. An’í malól’i i razmalól’i ‘They were grinding

54 DICTIONARY

and (they) ground (it)’. máma n. mama. Mám’ina dom ‘mama’s See: . kambóst mil’ót house’. M’i do mám’ina dom malózhi adj. younger. On malózhi min’é dashlí ‘We arrived at mama’s ‘He’s younger than me’. Ya house’. See: pápa. malózhi iwó ‘I’m younger than mamáy n. clam. plural mamáyi. An’í idút him’. See: maladóy. na láydu mamáyi kapát’ ‘They mál’chik n. boy. See: mal’chíshka. are going to the beach to dig mal’chíshka n. boy. plural mal’chíshk’i, clams’. mal’chishk’í. Mnóga mal’chíshk’i ‘many boys’. See: mál’chik; d’ifchónka. mal’ína n. salmon berry; raspberry. Usage: There is uncertainty about which berry this referred to in Ninilchik. This mamáyn’ik n. clam digger. berry name is not well known in n. plural . Ninilchik but some say it refers to the manáh monk. manáhi Manáh salmon berry. razhd’ón shtab’í mal’ítsa, saldát shtop wéchna wayawát’ a mál’in’kuy adj. small. Iwónay s’in chinówn’ik shtop s bumágam’i mál’in’kuy ‘His son is small’. r’ítsa, a muzhík shtop wéchna mál’in’kuy kasá n. sickle. Lit: ‘little rabatát ‘A monk is born to pray, scythe’. See: kasá. a soldier to always fight, and an v ipfv. mal’ítsa pray; have a short church official to sort papers, and a lay

service. Aná mól’itsa ‘She is man to work forever’ (saying).

praying’. M’i id’óm mal’ítsa See: manáshinka; arhiréy. ‘We’re going for a prayer manáshinka n. nun. See: manáh. service’. See pfv: pamal’ítsa. n. mandolin. See: mal’ítwa. mandal’ína man’ák n. picnic. mal’ítwa n. prayer. Ya mnóga mal’ítw’i n’i znáyu ‘I don’t know many mark n. stamp. prayers’. See: mal’ítsa ’pray’. markóf n. carrot. See diminutive: markófka. mal’útka n. little one; baby; little child. Shol pa úl’itsi mal’útka, pas’in’él i wés’ drazhál ‘A little child went along the street, blue from cold and shivering’. See: Mal’útka poem. 55 DICTIONARY markófka n. carrot. plural markófk’i. másla n. 1 • butter; oil. Másla pagásla! Diminutive from: markóf. ‘The oil burned out’. Usage: a marós n. frost. W bal’shóy marós shugá rhyme which people in Ninilchik liked to repeat. See: zhir. d’élayitsa ‘When it is big frost 2 • makes slush ice (on the Inlet)’. oil paint. See: zam’órznut’. mastalíga n. shank bone with marrow maróshka n. cloudberry. plural maróshk’i. inside, thigh. mashén’ik n. scammer; swindler; rascal; rogue. Wot état .. mashén’ik tam pr’istál ‘That rogue hassled (us) there’. mashína n. car, engine. plural mashín’i.

Mashína perestál, mashína maróshka n. cloudberry; low bush zaéhal ‘The car stopped, the car salmon berry. plural maróshk’i. drove in’. marózn’ik n. freezer. mashínka n. skillet; frying pan. marskóy adj. of the sea; marine. See: skówarada; zhárn’ik; skawarótka. marskóy cháyka n. skate. Lit: ‘seagull of n. See: ; the ocean’. mátka female (of animals). mat’ karówa. matór n. motor, outboard motor. plural matór’i. matrás n. mattress. matrós n. sailor. plural matróz’i. Bédn’iya marskóy w’ídra n. sea otter. See: w’idra. matróz’i kak an’í stradál’i ‘The poor sailors how they suffered Mart n. March. (part of a song)’. See: mar’yák. n. See: . mar’yák sailor. matrós Usage: Not known by some speakers. mar’yásh n. 1 • marriage.

2 • marriage card game. maskarát n. masquerader.

plural maskarád’i. Maskarád’i búl’i

‘There were masquerads’. See: kamák.

56 DICTIONARY

mátushka n. priest’s wife. See: mat’; més’its n. month. . Photo of matushka Zoya bát’ushka met’ n. copper. Darien Oskolkoff, wife of Fr. Michael G. Oskolkoff Sr. mezhdu prep. between. mnóga adv. many; much. Mnóga dalg’í ‘many debts’; mnóga kamar’í ‘many mosquitoes’; r’íba mnóga ‘there’s many fish’. Mnógaya l’éta, mnógaya l’éta, mnógaya l’éta! ‘Birthday greeting’. Lit: ‘Many years, many years, many See diminutive: . mat’ n. mother. See: mátushka; mátka; years!’ mnóshka See: ; ; ; Bózhiy mát’ir . n’imnóga ból’shi mén’chi óchin’; kúcha. mazg’í n. brains; marrow. singular mosk. mnóshka adv. quite a lot, quite a few. On May n. May. zab’iwáit mnóshka ‘He forgets mayá pro. my. Mayá zhiná ‘my wife’; (things) quite a lot’. Diminutive mayá doch ‘my daughter’; mayá from: mnóga. s’istrá ‘my sister’; mayá mnoy pro. with me. variant m’in’áy. On sa bábushka ‘my grandma’. An’í mnóy n’i gawar’ít ‘He doesn’t mayú brat ub’íl’i ‘They killed my talk with me’. Aná s m’in’áy n’i brother’. See: ya; moy; mayí. gawar’ít ‘She doesn’t talk to me’. mayí pro. my. singular moy, mayá. Mayí B’izhí sa mnoy! ‘Run with me!’ bashmak’í ‘my shoes’; mayí See: ya; m’in’é; moy; m’i. sabák’i ‘my dogs’; mayí karów’i mochít’ v ipfv. wet; pee; urinate. On s’ibé ‘my cows’; mayí dóchk’i ‘my móchit ‘He wets himself’. See daughters’; mayí brát’yi ‘my pfv: w’ímachit’. brothers’; mayí s’istrá ‘my móch v ipfv. can; may; could. Ízhli t’i sisters’. See: ya; m’i; moy; mayá. móg’ish ‘If you can’. Ízhli on mén’chi adv. less. See: ból’shi; mnóga. móg’it ‘If he can’. M’i móg’im s mésta n. place; house; room. plural mést’i. tabóy yágad’i sab’irát’ ‘We could Iwónay mésta ‘his place (house)’. go pick berries with you’. M’i Éta mésta bal’shóy ‘This room is n’ikudá n’i móg’im it’í ‘We can’t big’. Ya étu méstu pr’íshla ‘I go anywhere’. Ya magú (female) came to this place’. gawar’át’? ‘Could I talk?’ See: dom.

57 DICTIONARY moh n. moss. mat’ ‘my father and my mother’; moy dom ‘my house’; moy kn’íga ‘my book’. See: ya; mayá; mayí. múchin’ik n. martyr. múchit’ v ipfv. torment; torture. N’i náda yiwó múchit’ ‘Don’t torture him’. mókray adj. wet. On mókray ‘He is wet’. On’í nas múchat //múchayut Mókray sn’ek ‘wet snow’. Mókray ‘They torture us’. On m’in’á ad’ála ‘wet blanket’. múchil - fs’o mn’e spráshiwayit See: w’ímachit’. ‘He tortured me - (he) asks me mórda n. face (animal). everything’. T’i m’in’á fs’o adv. mórushna cloudy; overcast. spráshiwayish - t’i m’in’á n’i mór’ya n. Cook Inlet, inlet, sea. múchayish ‘You are asking me - variant mór’a. you are not torturing me’. múha n. fly. plural múhi. Múha l’itáit ‘A fly is flying’. muká n. flour. mush n. husband. Éta moy mush ‘This is my husband’. Iyónay mush ushól na póshtu ‘Her husband went to the post office’. Éta most n. bridge. plural mastá. mush búd’it? ‘Is he going to be a adv. mózhit maybe. Mózhit m’i payd’óm husband?’ See: zhiná; muzhík. gul’yát’ ‘Maybe we’re going to múz’ika n. music. go visit’. See: mózhna. muzhíchi adj. belonging to men. mózhna adv. possible; possibly; allowed. Muzhíchi pashtán’ik’i ‘men’s Usage: permission or agreement to do underwear’. See: muzhík. something. N’i mózhna ‘not n. plural . possible, not allowed’. muzhík man. muzhik’í Manáh razhd’ón stab’í mal’ítsa, saldát moy pro. my; mine. plural mayí. Moy stap wéchna wayawát’ a bashmák ‘my shoe’; moy sabáka chinówn’ik shtop s bumágam’i ‘my dog’; moy brat ‘my brother’; r’ítsa, a muzhík shtop wéchna moy s’istrá ‘my sister’ (younger rabatát’ ‘A monk is born to pray, speaker). Éta moy mush ‘This is a soldier to always fight, and an my husband’; moy at’éts i maya 58 DICTIONARY

official to sort papers, and a lay muzhikán’its n. musician. person to work forever (a variant muzhikán; plural muzhikántsi. saying)’. See: mush; chalawék; muzhíchi. muzhikán n. musician. variant muz’ikán, muzhikán’its; plural muzhikántsi.

M’ir’ikánka n. American woman.

M’ - m’ m’áhkay adj. tender; soft. m’ílay adj. tender. m’ása n. meat. Rúbl’inay m’ása ‘ground m’il’ n. mile. Chit’ír’i m’il’ ‘four miles’.

meat’. Káda Pos m’i m’ása n’i m’inúta n. minute. variant m’inút. id’ím ‘When it is Lent we do not m’in’é pro. me. variant mn’e. On m’in’é eat meat’. pamagáit ‘He is helping me’. On pro. m’i we. M’i payd’óm na láydu m’in’é n’i znáit ‘He doesn’t know . ‘We’re going to the beach’ me’. Izw’in’í m’in’é! ‘Sorry, See: nam; nas; nám’i; náshiy. forgive me!’ On m’in’é kn’ígu dal n. variant . m’idwét’ bear. m’idw’ít’ Káray ‘He gave me a book’. M’in’é ‘ m’idwét’ brown bear’; chórnay stráshna ‘It’s scary to me’. See: ya; m’idwét’ ‘black bear’. Ya mnoy; moy; m’i.

m’idwéd’a ub’íl ‘I killed a bear’. m’ir n. peace. Ya w’íd’il m’idwét’ ‘I saw a bear’. M’ir’ikánsk’i adj. American. m’í na m’idwéd’ina kózhi katál’is variant M’ir’ikán’sk’i. ‘We slid on a bear skin’. M’ir’ikán’its n. American. plural M’ir’ikántsi; variant Am’ir’ikán’its. Ya M’ir’ikán’its ‘I am American’.

m’ik’in’í n. turnip greens. variant mak’ín’i. m’íla n. soap.

59 DICTIONARY m’is n. point, promontory. Bábushka m’ishónak n. mouse. plural m’ishónk’i. n’e zhiw’ót na m’iské ‘Grandma Bal’shóy m’ishónak ‘rat’. Lit: ‘big doesn’t live on the point’ (of the mouse’. T’i fs’idá m’ishónk’i river). Krásnay M’is ‘Red Point’. bayálsa ‘You were always afraid of mice’. m’itló n. broom. plural m’itlí. See: gal’ík. v ipfv. See pfv: m’ítsa wash oneself. w’ím’itsa. On móyitsa ‘He’s n. See: . m’íska dishpan, basin. pawál’n’ik bathing’. See: m’ít’; w’ím’it’. v ipfv. 1 • m’ishát’ stir, mix. An’í m’ishál’i m’it’ v ipfv. wash. See pfv: w’ímat’. Aná ‘They mixed it’. pasúd’i móit ‘She is washing 2 • bother. Usage: figurative. On dishes’. Ya búdu akóshku m’it’ ‘I m’in’é m’isháyit ‘He’s bothering will wash the window’. See: m’ítsa; me’. See: razm’ishátsa. w’ím’itsa; st’irát’; w’íst’irat’. m’ishóchik n. purse, wallet. Diminutive from: m’ishók. m’ishók n. sack. See diminutive: m’ishóchik.

N - n na prep. on, to. Na góra ‘on the hill’. nabr’ít’ v pfv. shave. Ya nabr’íl ‘I shaved’. na úl’itsi ‘outside of the house’. See: abrét’; nabrétsa; brétsa. Iyónay mush ushál na póstu ‘Her nab’ít’ v pfv. beat. On iyó nab’íl ‘He beats

husband went to the post office’. her’. M’i t’ibé nab’yóm! ‘We’ll Éta béb’ichka s’id’ít na iwó ‘That beat you up!’ See: pab’ít’; zw’íznut’; baby is sitting on him’. shlópnut’. na wúl’itsi adv. outside. Na wúl’itsi nachátsa v pfv. begin. Ya pómn’u kadá sw’itló ‘It’s light outside’. Na ftoróy wayná náchilsa ‘I wúl’itsi púrga ‘There’s a blizzard remember when Second (World) outside’. See: wnutré; úl’itsa. war began’. nabrétsa v pfv. shave. On nabrélsa ‘He nachinát’ v ipfv. begin, start. On shaved’. T’i nabrélsa? ‘Did you nachináyit had’ít’ ‘He is starting shave?’ See ipfv: brétsa. See: abrét’. to walk’. Nachn’í! ‘Start (it)!’

60 DICTIONARY

nachiwát’ v ipfv. overnight; spend the nag’ishkóm adv. be naked. On night. An’í nachiwál’i ‘They are nag’ishkóm ‘He is naked’.

spending the night’. nakarm’ít’ v pfv. feed. Bábushka m’in’é náda adv. must, necessary. N’i náda nakarm’íla ‘Grandma fed me’. See tarap’ítsa! ‘Don’t hurry!’ N’i náda ipfv: karm’ít’. yih slúshat’ ‘You don’t need to nakar’ú n. anchor. See: yákar. listen to them’. N’i náda n’ikamú gawar’át’! ‘Don’t tell anyone!’ Chiwó t’ibé náda? ‘What do you want (lit. need)?’ Rabóta sam n’i pr’id’ót; iwó náda iskát ‘Work won’t arrive on its own; it is naklad’ít’ v pfv. load; fill. Naklad’í pl’itú! necessary to look for it’. ‘Fill up the stove!’ A chiwó n’i See: núzhna. naklál s’udá? ‘Why didn’t you put n. nad’iwáshk’i slippers. anything in here?’ Usage: about singular . nad’iwáshka putting food on a plate. See: nal’ít’. See: t’ihastúptsi; prad’iwáshka. nakr’ít’ v pfv. cover, faint. Iyó nakr’íla v ipfv. put something on. nad’iwát’ ‘She fainted’. adv. towards. […] No nafstr’échu nak’ínut’ v pfv. put on. T’í nak’ín’ish n’imnóga nafstr’échu pa rúsk’i, babúshka ‘You will put on a n’e […] ‘A little bit towards in scarf’. Russian’. nak’ítka n. women’s night head-dress; prt. why the heck? naf’igá house coat. variant nat’ítka. n. leg; foot. variant nóga; plural nóg’i. nagá nalaw’ít’ v pfv. catch. Skól’ka r’íb’i Nóga slamátaya ‘broken leg’; nalaw’íl’? ‘How many fish did you dwa nag’í ‘two legs’. See: l’áshka; catch?’ íkra. Bába Yagá kost’anáya nagá; nal’ít’ v pfv. fill with something liquid, nos w patalók ros ‘Old Lady Yaga pour in. Nal’iwáy lámp’i! ‘Fill the had a bony leg; her nose grew to lamp!’ See ipfv: l’it’. See: nakl’ad’ít’. the ceiling’. Usage: An old Russian saying. nam pro. us. On nam kn’ígu dal ‘He gave us a book’. See: m’i; nas; nagad’ítsa v pfv. poop oneself. Ya nám’i; náshiy. nagad’ílsa ‘I pooped myself’ v pfv. See: . (dirtied my pants). See: abasrátsa. namáz’it’ spread on. másla

61 DICTIONARY namédn’i adv. a day before, not long záftra pis’mó ‘I will write time ago, recently. tomorrow a letter’. Kak nap’ísana nám’i pro. us. B’izhí sas nám’i! ‘Run with tak i búd’it ‘As it is written, us!’ On s nám’i na láydu payd’ót that’s how it will be (Irene Leman See ipfv: . ‘He will go to the beach with us’. used to say this.)’. p’isát’ See: m’i; nas; nam; náshiy. nárt’i n. sled, dogsled. plural nárt’i. On nan’ís adv. down, downwards. On na n’ís yézd’it na nárt’i ‘He’s riding on a

wéshayitsa ‘It’s hanging down’. sled’. Sabáka nárt’i t’yán’it ‘The dog is pulling the sled’. nán’itsa v ipfv. nurse, suckle. On nán’itsa ‘He’s nursing’. nán’it’ v ipfv. take care of; raise. Nánchil ‘(He) took care (of him)’. Mn’e náda beyb’ichku nán’it’ ‘I need

to take care of the baby’. Aná nán’ich béyb’ichku ‘She takes nas pro. us. Aná nas l’úb’it ‘She loves care of the baby (he) took care us’. See: m’i; nam; nám’i; náshiy. See: of’. gl’id’ét’. nasgál’stwa n. torturing. v pfv. napát’ fall. Mnóga sn’ek napál ‘A nask’í n. socks. singular nasók. Usage: Not lot of snow fell’. used by some speakers. See: chulk’í. napr’istát’ v pfv. land. On napr’istál ‘He nast n. snow crust. See: sn’ek ’snow’.

landed’. nastup’ít’ v pfv. step on (something). On napr’osn’ik n. thimble. na gwost’ nastup’íl ‘He stepped napugát’ v pfv. scare. Napugáyu ‘(I) will on a nail’. See ipfv: stupát’. scare (someone)’. On m’in’é náshiy pro. our. Bát’ushka náshiy dom napugál ‘He scared me’. See apkrast’íl ‘The priest blessed our ipfv: pugát’. house’. Náshi r’ib’at’íshk’i ‘our nap’íl’n’ik n. file. children’. plural náshi. See: m’i; nam; ; . nap’ísat’ v pfv. urinate. Ya náp’isal ‘I nas nám’i urinated’ (male talking). nauchítsa v pfv. learn. Pamal’én’ku ya Usage: vulgar. See ipfv: p’ísat’. naúchus’a ‘Slowly I will learn’. Ya nap’isát’ v pfv. write. Ya nap’isála ‘I hachú nauchítsa ‘I want to learn’. (female) wrote it down’. Nap’ishí Ya grammát’iku naúchilsa ‘I See ipfv: . swoy ímya! ‘Sign your name!’ Lit: learned grammar’. uchítsa See: uchít’. ‘write your name’. Ya nap’ishú 62 DICTIONARY

naúshn’ik’i n. earrings. singular naúshn’ik; nógat’ n. fingernail; claw. plural nókt’i, variant úshn’ik’i. See: sér’g’i. nóht’i. náwalachka n. pillow case. nóit’ v ipfv. ache. Nóit ‘(It) aches’. plural náwalachk’i. See: bal’ét’. nawarot n. behind the point, turn. nómer n. number. nawós adv. trash pile; outside. nónchi adv. today; nowadays. locative . See: . nawóz’i na wúl’itsi nórdway adj. northern. Nórdway wét’ir Usage: Locative is used with the ‘northern wind’. See: wét’ir. preposition: "na nawóz’i" as a colloction. Garbage was taken to the nórka n. mink. plural nórk’i. Ayayay! trash pile located outside.. Tútaka mózhna nórk’i papkán Lit: nazát adv. back. Stupáy nazát damóy! pastáw’it’! ‘Oh, here a trap

‘Go back home!’ Palósh iwó for minks might be set’. Usage: This was something funny said nazát! ‘Put it back!’ M’i nazát by Fred Kvasnikoff to Joe Leman when . pr’id’óm ‘We will come back’ there was much water leaking in his See: ; . spiná zád’i boat. v ipfv. naz’iwát’ call, name. Kak t’ibé nórk’i n. nostril. naz’iwáyut? ‘What is your name?’ Nórsk’i n. Norwegians. Lit: ‘What do they call you?’ nos n. 1 • nose. plural nas’í. Garbátay nos Kachimak Bey naz’iwáyut ‘hooked nose’; bal’shóy nos ‘Kachemak Bay, it is named’. On ‘bignose’. U n’iwó bal’shóy nos m’in’á Timashénka naz’íwal ‘He ‘He has a big nose’. U n’iwó called me Timashenka’. See: ímya. shirókay nos ‘He has a wide nazhífka n. bait. See: ikrá. nose’. U n’iwó kr’iwóy nos ‘He n. See: ; nazhn’ík knife sheath; nosh has a crooked nose’. nózhik. 2 • bow (of a ship). Nayáp n. November. 3 • nose card game. nayt’í v pfv. find. Ya nashól ‘I found it’. nós’it’ v ipfv. wear. On karótk’iya br’úk’i M’i iwó nashl’í ‘We found him’. nós’it ‘He’s wearing short pants’. See: iskát’. nosh n. knife. See diminutive: nózhik. noch n. night. Spakóynay noch! ‘Have a See: nazhn’ík. good night!’ See: wéchir. nówas’t’i n. news, information. nóchyu adv. variant nóchu. night time. variant nówasn’i. Kak’íya nówasn’i ? ‘What are the news?’

63 DICTIONARY nóway adj. new. Nóway luná ‘new moon’. núzhn’ik n. outhouse; toilet; latrine. Mnóga nów’iya l’úd’i ‘There are variant n’úzhn’ik. Lit: ‘something many new people’. for your needs’. A gd’é núzhn’ik? nóway got n. New Year’s Day. See: s ‘Where is the outhouse?’ On nówam gódam. sawrál, núzhn’ik n’e tam ‘He nózhik n. pocket knife. Diminutive lied, the outhouse is not there’. See: ubórnay; bórn’ita; núzhna. from: nosh. See: nazhn’ík; skladn’ík. nózhn’itsi n. scissors. variant nózn’itsi. nún’ik n. porcupine. variant yún’ik; plural nún’ik’i. núshk’i n. 1 • breasts. singular núshka. Usage: vulgar. See: t’ít’ka; grut’. 2 • sea anemone. Usage: slang. núzhna adv. need, necessity. Chiwó t’ibé

núzhna? ‘What do you need?’ See: núzhn’ik; náda.

N’ - n’ n’éba n. sky; heaven. n’étu ‘We don’t have a cat’. N’étu

N’égra n. Negro; African-American. pép’il’ ‘There is no ash’. Iyó n’étu

plural N’égr’i; . ‘She’s not here’. U m’in’é ból’shi sáhar n’étu ‘I don’t have N’ém’its n. German. plural N’émtsi. anymore sugar’. (U) m’in’é n’erf n. nerve. plural n’érw’i. wrém’i n’étu ‘I don’t have time n. n’érka sockeye, red salmon. (for something)’. See: krásnay r’íba; s’ómga; k’itá; n’éwalachka n. pillow. See: padúshka. k’ízhuch; chaw’ícha. n’éy pro. her. variant yey, iyéy. A n’éy n’érpa n. seal. zhárka ‘She’s hot’. Lit: ‘To her it n’et prt. no. See: n’i; da. is hot’. B’izhí sas n’éy! ‘Run with adv. n’étu not have; not be; be not; her!’ Ya yey kn’ígu dála ‘I variant . there is no. n’et U m’in’é (female) gave her a book’. Ya

n’étu sabáka ‘I don’t have a dog’. n’ey kn’ígu dála ‘I (female) gave U m’in’é skaméyka n’étu ‘I don’t her a book’. Ya s’ iyey paydú //

have a bench’. U nas kóshka Ya (sa) s n’ey paydú ‘I will go 64 DICTIONARY

with her’. See: aná; iyó; iyónay. n’imnóga adv. not much; a little. See diminutive: . See: . n’i prt. not. variant n’e. Usage: when n’imnóshka mnóga accented. Ya n’i znáyu ‘I don’t n’imnóshka adv. a wee bit; a little. know’. See: n’et. N’imnóshka rán’shi éta búla ‘It Diminutive n’ichichút’ prt. almost. On n’ichichút’ was a little bit earlier’. from: . See: . úpal ‘He almost fell’. n’imnóga mnóga v pfv. n’ichiwó pro. nothing. N’ichiwó s’ib’é. n’irnút’ dive. On n’irnúl ‘He dove’. Spas’íba ‘You’re welcome. Thank n’ischásht’a n. bad luck. you’. Lit: ‘Nothing to me. Thank variant n’ist’ásht’a. See: paw’izt’í. you’. See: puskáy; n’e stóit. n’istí v ipfv. lay (an egg). Kúra yáytsu n’id’él’a n. week. n’islá ‘The chicken laid eggs’. n. n’ihtó pro. nobody; no one. See: hto; n’ítka thread. R’íb’ichya n’ítka n’ikawó; n’ikamu. ‘fishing line’. n’ikadá pro. never. On n’ikadá n’i n’iuhóta adv. no wish. M’in’é n’iuhóta ‘I zhin’ílsa ‘He never married’. don’t want it’. See: ahóta. See: . kadá n’iwérna adv. wrong; not true. pro. n’ikamú to no one; to anyone. N’i n’iwésta n. bride. náda n’ikamú gawar’át! ‘Don’t n’iwó pro. him. U n’iwó sabáka ‘He has tell anyone!’ See: n’ihtó; n’ikawó. a dog’. See: imú. n’ikawó pro. nobody; no one; anybody; n’úhat’ v ipfv. 1 • smell. variant nyúhat’. anyone. On n’ikawó n’i (An’í) nyúhal’i ‘(They) were pan’imáyit ‘He doesn’t smelling’. understand anybody’. See: n’ihtó; 2 • kiss. On n’úhayit ‘He’s kissing’. n’ikamú. See pfv: pan’úhat’. See: pasalawát’. n’ikudá pro. nowhere. Ya n’ikudá n’i paydú ‘I’m not going anywhere’. M’i n’ikudá n’i móg’im it’í ‘We can’t go anywhere’. See: kudá.

O - o

óblaka n. cloud. Usage: Not used by some óbras n. icon. plural abrazá. See: ikóna; speakers. See: ablaká. kres.

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óchin’ adv. very. Óchin’ harashó ‘very óstraf n. island. plural astrawá. See good’. See: mnóga; shípka. diminutive: astrawók. on pro. he. On yés ‘He’s eating’. ós’in’ n. fall, autumn. See: w’isná. plural . See: ; ; ; ; an’í iwó imú aná iwónay óz’ira n. lake. plural óz’ir’i. éta. ost n. east. óstaway adj. eastern. Óstaway wét’ir ‘eastern wind; chinook’.

P - p pa prep. closer (it will be when you need) pab’ít’ v pfv. beat. On iwó pab’íl ‘He beat to take it’. him’. On t’ibé pab’yót ‘He will padárka n. present, gift. beat you’. See ipfv: pab’iwát’. padazhéch v pfv. burn. Aná kartáfil’i See: ; ; . nab’ít’ shl’ópnut’ zw’íznut’ padazhglá ‘She burned the pab’iwát’ v ipfv. beat, win over. Ya búdu potatoes’. Padazhg’í état K’itáitsi pab’iwát ‘I’m going to yáshchik! ‘Burn this box!’ try to beat the Chinamen’ (for See ipfv:patzhigát’. example, in Solitaire). padbólka n. thickening (in cooking). See pfv: pab’ít’. padm’itát’ v ipfv. sweep. Aná padm’itáyit v pfv. pachern’ét’ blacken, turn black. ‘She’s sweeping’. Ya pol See: ; . chórnay pas’in’ét’ padm’itáyu ‘I’m sweeping the pachimú pro. why. Ya n’i znáyu pachimú floor’. See: . ‘I don’t know why’. chiwó padn’át’ v pfv. pick up. Pad’im’í! ‘Pick it pachínka n. patch. plural pachínk’i. up!’ Ya pódn’ala ‘I (female) See: . laskutók picked it up’. On (male) padn’ál pachin’ít’ v pfv. mend, patch. Pachin’ít’ ‘He lifted it’. See ipfv: pad’imát’. ‘ br’uk’i to mend pants’. padn’átsa v pfv. climb. Ya pódn’ilas’ na pad wéchir adv. in the evening. l’is’ínu ‘I (female) climbed up the See: wéchir; wéchiram. tree’. See ipfv: pad’imátsa. padál’shi adv. further away. Padál’shi padóshwa n. sole. ub’ir’ósh, pabl’ízhi w’az’m’ósh padrub’ít’ v pfv. hem (about clothes). Aná ‘The further away you put it, the pаdrub’íla ‘She hemmed’. 66 DICTIONARY

padrugómu pro. differently; other way. home; I’m tired and I want to go On padrugómu gawar’ít ‘He talks to bed’ (from a Russian song). differently’. L’isín’i padrugómu pagl’id’ét’ v pfv. take a look at; have a ‘The other way (to say) trees’. glance. See ipfv: gl’id’ét’. See: rázna; drugóy; tágzha. See: gl’id’ét’; w’íd’it’. padúshka n. pillow. See: n’éwalachka. pagóda n. weather. Kakóy u t’ibé pád’ik n. small valley. Diminutive from: pat’. pagóda? ‘How’s your weather?’ pad’imátsa v ipfv. rise; climb. páhn’it’ v ipfv. smell, stink. On páhn’it variant padn’imátsa. Sóntsa ‘He smells’. R’íba páhn’it ‘The padn’imáyitsa ‘The sun is rising’. fish smells’. Hud’ím páhn’it ‘It Luná pad’imáyitsa ‘The moon is smells bad’. See: pahn’úchay. rising’. See pfv: padn’átsa. pahn’úchay adj. smelly. See: zakat’ítsa; w’ihad’ít’; sest’. pakachát’ v pfv. shake; rock; swing v ipfv. pad’imát’ lift; pick up. Ya t’ibé (something). Pakacháy! ‘Shake it!’ pós’l’i pad’imú ‘I’ll pick you up See ipfv: kachát’. See pfv: . later’. padn’át’ pákasnay adj. bad guy. On pákasnay ‘he pad’órk’i n. foot wrapping. is doing bad things’. See: pákas’; singular pad’órka. See: pawarótka. warnák. paftar’ít’ v pfv. redo. Paftar’í! ‘Say it again pakast’ít’ v ipfv. steal. Aná pakast’íla ‘She / Do it again!’ stole’. Éta warnák fs’idá hudóy pagarét’ v pfv. burn up. Fse pagarél chóta d’élayit, fs’idá pakast’ít ‘Everything burned up’. See ipfv: ‘This thief always does garét’. something bad, always is pagásnut’ v pfv. extinguish; die out; go stealing things’. See: ukrát’; ; ; . out (of a fire). Agón pagás ‘The tsarápat’ pákas’ pákasnay fire went out’. Másla pagásla! pákas’ n. thief; robber. variant pákas’n’ik; ‘The oil burned out’. Usage: a plural pakasn’ik’í. On pákas’n’ik, rhyme which people in Ninilchik liked hudóy chalawék ‘He (is) a thief, a to repeat. bad guy’. See: warnák; pakast’ít’. v pfv. pagazhít’ show. Pagazhí m’n’é! pakáshl’it’ v pfv. See ipfv: káshl’it’. On ‘Show it to me!’ Pagazhí m’n’é pakáshl’il ‘He coughed’. daróga damói, ustál ya, spat’ See: káshil’. hachú ‘Show me the way to go pakázawatsa v ipfv. show up. On pakázawayitsa ‘He’s showing’.

67 DICTIONARY pakázawat’ v ipfv. show; demonstrate. palazhít’ v pfv. put, put down. Ishó úgal’ On pakázawayit shto on móg’it palósh! ‘Put some more coal in ‘He’s showing that / what he (the stove)!’ Palazhí! ‘Put (this)!’ can’. Ya palazhú étu kn’ígu ‘I’m going pakóyn’ik n. deceased person, dead to put down this book’. Palósh! person. variant: pukóyn'ik. ‘Put it down!’ palózhit ‘(She/he) pakrasn’ét’ v pfv. redden; turn red. will put it down’. Ya húda ‘ Iwónay nos i úshi pakrasn’él’i palazhíla I (female) put it in a

‘His nose and ears turned red’ wrong way’. (for example, from the cold). pald’én’ n. noon. Lit: ‘half-day’. See: pachern’ét’; pas’in’ét’. genitive paldn’á. See: palnóch. pakr’ist’ítsa v pfv. cross oneself. On pálka n. cane, stick. plural pálk’i. pakr’ist’ílsa ‘He crossed himself’. Bal’shíya pálk’i ‘big sticks / See ipfv: kr’ist’ítsa. See: kres ’cross’. poles’ (for example, fishing trap pakr’ít’ v pfv. cover. On pakr’íl ‘He poles). Yólk’i pálk’i gustóy l’es! covered (it)’. See: past’il’ít’; ‘Spruce trees, canes, dense Usage: pakriwála ’spread’. forest!’ used as interjection to express vexation and puzzlement. pakr’iwála n. cover; quilt; spread; See: kást’íl’; pálachnay. bedspread. See: ad’ála; pakr’ít’. palnóch n. midnight. Lit: ‘half-night’. pakupát’ v ipfv. buy. Pakupáy! ‘Buy (it)!’ See: pald’én’. See pfv: kup’ít’. páltus n. halibut. accusative páltusa. pakúshat’ v pfv. eat. An’í pakúshal’i r’íbu See: kámbal. ‘They are eating fish’. See ipfv: kúshat’. See: yis’. pálachnay adj. made of wood. U n’iwó pálachnay nagá, d’ir’iw’ánay ‘He

has a peg leg, wooden’. palasátay adj. striped. Pal’ák n. Pole. plural Pal’ak’í, Pal’ák’i. palaskát’ v ipfv. rinse. Pal’ák’i n’i durák’i. On rúskay n. palátka tent. Pal’ák ‘Poles are not fools palat’éntsa n. towel. variant pal’it’éntsa. (rhymed saying). He is a Polish ‘ palaw’ík n. mat, carpet, rug. See: ragózha. Russian’. Iwónaj at’éts Pal’ák His father is Pole’. palaw’ína s’istrá n. half sister. palaw’ínay adj. divided into two. 68 DICTIONARY

Pal’in’d’én’ik n. Monday. pamal’ítsa v pfv. pray; worship. M’i variant Pal’id’én’ik, Pan’id’él’n’ik. pamól’imsa ‘We will pray’. See ipfv: . pal’iséyskay n. trooper. mal’ítsa n. See: . pál’its n. finger, toe. plural pál’tsi, pál’itsi. pamóyka slop pile. pamóyn’ik Iwónay pál’its atrub’ítay ‘His pamóyn’ik n. slop bucket; See: pamóyka.

finger is chopped off’. pam’idór n. tomato. plural pam’idór’i. n. See: . pal’tó coat. shúba pám’in’ik n. grave house; spirit house. pamachítsa v pfv. urinate. Pamachílsa ‘he urinated’. pamachít’ v ipfv. soak; moisten. Iwó náda pamachít’ ‘He must soak it (out)’. Ya bil’ó pamachú ‘I am soaking See: . the clothes’. w’ímachit’ pamagát’ v ipfv. help, steady. Ya iyó pam’irát’ v ipfv. die. Aná pam’iráyit ‘She pamagáyu ‘I’m helping her’. Ya is dying’. See pfv: pam’irét’. yih pamagáyu ‘I am helping See: um’irát’; um’irét’; prapadát’. them’. Moy at’éts m’in’é mnóga pam’irát’ v ipfv. die. On póm’ir ‘He died’. pamagál ‘My father helped me a See: um’irát’. lot’. Ya iwó tózha pamagál v pfv. ‘ rabótat’ ‘I likewise helped him at pam’irét’ die. On fchirá póm’ir He

work’. Ya iwó pamaglá ‘I (female) died yesterday’. On hwaráyit, on ‘ helped him’. Záftr’i ya bábushku mózhit záftra pamr’ót He is ill, See pamagú ‘Tomorrow I will help he may die yesterday’. ipfv: pam’irát’. See: um’irét’; um’irát’; grandma’. Ya l’ubl’ú shto on prapást’. m’in’é pamagáyit ‘I like that he adv. helps me’. pam’ir’ikán’sk’i in English. Kak pam’ir’ikán’sk’i skazát pamal’én’ku adv. little by little, slowly; báshmak’i? ... (Bash-mak’i) ‘How quietly; easily. Pamal’én’ku! is shoes said in American ‘Slow down!’ Aná pamal’én’ku (English)? … "Bash"-maki?’ (a gawar’ít ‘She talks quietly’. Ya funny thing said by a boy in pamal’én’ku ‘I’m slow’. school). See: b’ístra. pan’ihída n. requiem service.

69 DICTIONARY pan’imát’ v ipfv. understand. Parúsk’i parahót n. big boat; ship. plural parahód’i. pan’imáish? ‘Do you understand See: gazal’ín; lótka; kát’ir. Russian?’ Ya parúsk’i pan’imáyu paras’ónak n. piglet; baby pig; ‘I understand Russian’. On plural paras’áta. See: sw’in’ók; pan’imáyit’ ‘He understands’. Ya sw’in’yá. n’i pan’imáyu ‘I don’t paróda n. nature; character; attitude. understand’. On n’ikawó n’i paróga n. porch. See: kr’il’só. pan’imáyit’ ‘He doesn’t parók n. threshold. understand anybody’. See: znat’. párus n. sail. See: parus’ína; parus’ít’. pan’is’ít’ v pfv. carry, take. Ya damóy adv. . pan’isúl ‘I took it home’. parúsk’i in Russian Parúsk’i pan’imáyish? ‘Do you understand pan’úhat’ v pfv. kiss. Bábushka m’in’é Russian?’ Ya n’i pan’imáyu pan’úhala ‘Grandma Eskimo parúsk’i ‘I don’t understand kissed me’. On iwó pan’úhal ‘He Russian’. Máma, chiwó t’i nas n’i kissed him’. See ipfv: n’úhat’. uchíla parúsk’i? ‘Mama, why See: pasalawát. didn’t you teach us Russian?’ n. dad. accusative pápu. See: máma; pápa See: gavar’at’; Rúskay. at’éts. parus’ína n. canvas; muslin. See: halst’ína; adv. right; correct. D’élay papar’átk’i párus. papar’átk’i! ‘Do it right!’ parus’ína n. gunny sack, burlap bag; Papar’átk’i stayít’i! ‘Stand right See: m’ishók. (you many)!’ papól’sk’i adv. in Polish. Ya n’i razúmayu papól’sk’i ‘I don’t understand Polish’. papráw’it’ v pfv. fix; arrange. Papráf agóin! ‘Fix the fire!’ pap’iróska n. cigarette. Dáy m’in’é pap’irósku! ‘Give me a cigarette!’ par n. steam; vapor. See: par’ít’. pára n. suit; dress suit. See: br’úk’i. parus’ít’ v ipfv. blow. Parus’ít ‘It’s adv. pará time. Pará yis ‘It’s time to blowing’. Wét’ir parus’ít ‘The eat’. Pará spat ‘It’s time to sleep’. wind is blowing’. See: párus; wét’ir; See: ras; adnarás. dut’.

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pár’in’ n. friend. Éta moy pár’in’ ‘He’s cooked). See: pr’isól’nay; sal’ónay; . my friend’. See: tawár’ish; druh. sol’ v pfv. par’ít’ v ipfv. steam. Z’imóy móra par’ít paspét’ ripen; get cooked (baked). mnóga ‘In the winter the inlet Kartóf’il paspél, paspél, paspél steams a lot’. See: par. ‘Potato is cooked, is cooked, is cooked’ Usage: Ninilchik children pasad’ít’ v pfv. make someone sit. Ya would say this while pulling toy boats hachú yiwó pasad’ít’ ‘I want him in the river, imitating the sound of a See: . be seated’. sad’ítsa boat engine. See: dayt’í. adv. pasagóm down the hill. pastán’ishk’i n. underwear; panties. pasalawát’ v pfv. kiss. Bábushka m’in’é variant pashtán’ichk’i. pasalawála ‘Grandma kissed me’. See: pastán’ik’i. See: pan’úhat’. pastarét’ v pfv. get old. Ya pastarél ‘I got pasal’ít’ v pfv. salt. On r’íbu pasal’íl ‘He old’. On pastarél; imú n’i sp’ítsa salted the fish’. Ya pasal’íla r’íbu ‘He got old, he doesn’t sleep ‘I salted the fish’. Ya r’íbu well’. pasal’ú ‘I’m going to salt fish’. pastáw’it’ v pfv. put up something (or See ipfv: . sal’ít’ someone); set. On yih pastál ‘He Páska n. Easter, Passover. stood them up’. Ya kwáshn’u paslát’ v pfv. send. T’ibé pashl’út drugóy, pastáwl’u ‘I will set bread na úgal’ ‘They are going to send (dough)’. Ya paydú kwáshn’u you somewhere else on coal pastánu ‘I’m going to go set (works)’. bread (dough)’. Ya fchará sétku pastáw’il ‘I (male) set a net paslaw’échit’ v pfv. talk; have yesterday’. See: stayát’; stat’. conversation. pastayánay adj. direct. Pastayánay tok paslúshat’ v pfv. listen. Paslúshay yih! ‘direct current’ (electricity). ‘Listen to them!’ Paslúshay ka m’in’á ‘Now, listen to me’. See pastr’él’it’ v pfv. shoot. On sahát ipfv: slúshat’. pastr’él’il ‘He shot a moose’. See ipfv: str’el’ít’. pasmatrét’ v pfv. look at. Pasmatr’í chiwó sas n’im! ‘Check him out!’ past’él’a n. mattress cot. Lit: ‘look over what’s with him’. past’ílka n. diaper. variant past’úlka; plural . pasól’nay adj. salted. Swézhay pasól’nay past’ílk’i ‘freshly salted’ (especially of fish past’ílka n. diaper. Per’im’in’í past’ílku salted overnight before being ‘Change the diaper!’ 71 DICTIONARY past’il’ít’ v pfv. spread out; cover with a pashtán’ichk’i. See: shtan’í. spread. Past’il’í! ‘Spread it out!’ Aná past’il’íla ‘She spread it out’. See: pakr’ít’; past’él’a. past’ítsa v ipfv. fast. Aná past’ítsa ‘She is fasting’. See: Post. pasúda n. pots and pans; dishes; tableware. plural pasúd’i. Aná pasúd’i móit ‘She is washing dishes’. pas’id’ét’ v pfv. gray. U m’in’é walasá pas’id’él’i ‘My hair became gray’. ‘ On pas’id’él He turned gray’. patalók n. ceiling. Bába Yagá kost’anáya See: . s’idóy nagá; nos w patalók ros ‘Old pas’in’ét’ v pfv. turn blue; become blue; Lady Yaga had a bony leg; her turn dark blue; become dark nose grew to the ceiling’ (an old blue; get bruise. Iyónay galzá Russian saying). pas’in’él’i ‘Her eyes turned blue’ patashchít’ v pfv. bring; carry. Patashchí (that is, she got black eyes, iwó! ‘Carry him!’ See ipfv: tashchít’.

typically from a beating). On See: pr’in’ist’í. pas’in’él ‘He got bruised (lit. patklátka n. lining. turned blue)’. See: s’ín’ay; patóm adv. afterwards; later on. See: tadá. pachern’ét’; pakrasn’ét’. patrét n. picture, photo. plural patr’ét’i. Ya pashamán’it’ v pfv. carry on; party; do imú patrét sn’ála ‘I (female) took mischief. An’í pashamán’il’i a picture of him’. See: kart’ína. ‘They carried on’. See ipfv: shamán’it’. See: shamán’. patrón n. cartridge. pashtán’ichk’i n. panties; women’s patstr’ítsa v pfv. cut hair. See ipfv: str’ítsa. underwear. variant pastán’ishk’i. patzhigát’ v ipfv. burn; set on fire. Diminutive from: pashtán’ik’i. pat’ n. valley, canyon. See pashtán’ik’i n. men’s underwear; long diminutive: pád’ik. johns. Muzhíchi pashtán’ik’i pat’áshk’i n. suspenders. ‘men’s underwear’. Ya mayí pat’ét’ v ipfv. sweat. Ya pat’éyu ‘I’m pashtán’ik’i abasrál ‘I dirtied sweating’. See pfv: fspat’ét’. See: pot. (pooped) my underwear’. 72 DICTIONARY

pat’imn’ét’ v pfv. get dark. D’en’ ‘I want to hang them up’. pat’imn’él ‘It has got dark pawúk n. spider. variant pawók; outside’. See ipfv: t’imn’ét’. plural pauk’í. Pawuk’ín’ina sétka See: . t’ómnay ‘spider’s web’. adj. pat’ir’átay lost. On pat’ir’átay ‘He is paw’izt’í v pfv. have luck; M’in’é n’i See: . lost’. pat’ir’át’ paw’izló ‘I had no luck’. pat’ir’átsa v pfv. become lost. On See: n’ischásht’a. pat’ir’álsa ‘He got lost’. pazáfchará adv. day before yesterday. See: pat’ir’átay; pat’ir’át’. See: chará. pat’ir’át’ v pfv. lose, miss. Ya dúmayu ya pazór n. skunk; waterhaul; nothing; no étu pat’ir’ál ‘I think I lost it’. result. Sétka pazór ‘net Chiwó t’i pat’ir’ál? ‘What did you waterhaul’. U t’ibe pazor ‘no (male) lose?’ Ya mayí achk’í points in card game’. pat’ir’ál ‘I lost my glasses’. Ya See: pazórnay. pat’ir’ála bábushku ‘I (female) pazórnay adj. without result. Pazórnay See: ; lost grandma’. pat’ir’átay setka ‘net waterhaul’. See: pazór. pat’ir’átsa. pazwát’ v pfv. call. A htó t’ib’á pazwál? adv. pat’ómk’i dusk. Payd’ót parán’shi... ‘Who called you (male)?’ See pfv:

pat’ómk’i... tsérkaf’ tam zazhg’ót zwat’. ‘He would go to the church in pazhálay prt. you’re welcome, please. the dusk... would lit the candles See: pazhálusta. there’. pazhálusta prt. you’re welcome, please. adv. in Ukrainian. paukránsk’iya Ab’ishcháy m’in’é, pazhálusta! See: Yukrán’i. ‘Promise me, please!’ pawál’n’ik n. wash basin. See: m’íska. See: pazhálay; n’i stóit. pawarótka n. a special piece of cloth to pazhár n. fire. U n’iwó bul pazhár ‘His wrap around one’s foot instead house was on fire’. See: agón’; of socks. See: pad’órk’i. garét’; pagarét’. pawéshit’ v pfv. hang up. Pawésh b’il’ó! ‘Hang up the clothes!’ Pawésh na w’irófk’i! ‘Hang them on the rope (clothesline)!’ Aná b’il’ó pawéshila ‘She hung up the clothes’. Ya hachú yih pawéshit’

73 DICTIONARY pazhiwát’ v ipfv. do, fare. Kak t’i with him’. See ipfv: it’í. See: pr’iyt’í; pazhiwáyish? ‘How are you?’ Kak prayt’í. pazhiwáyit’i? ‘How are you pech v ipfv. bake. Aná hl’ébu p’ik’yót (plural)?’ See: zhit’. ‘She baked bread’. A htó étu payasn’ítsa n. rump (animal). See: zhópa. hl’ébu p’ok ? ‘Who baked this bread?’ Ya hl’ébu p’ik’yú ‘I’m payés’ v pfv. eat. Ya payéla ‘I (female) baking bread’. T’i hl’ébu already ate’. See ipfv: yis. p’ik’yósh? ‘Are you baking paymát’ v pfv. catch. M’i m’ishónk’i bread?’ Hl’ébu p’ik’yót? ‘Is the paymáyim ‘We will catch mice’. bread baking?’ See: hl’éba. Ya hachú r’íbu paymát ‘I want to péchka n. stove. See: pl’itá. catch a fish’. W sadók mnóga r’íbu paymál: chaw’íchu, krásnay péna n. foam. r’íbu, k’ízhuchu! ‘I (male) caught pép’il’n’itsa n. ashtray. many fish in the trap: kings, pérhat’ n. dandruff. Paka t’i skazála See: ; . reds, silvers!’ dóbat’ law’ít’ pérhat ‘While you said payt’í v pfv. go. Ya skóra paydú ‘I will go ‘dandruff’’.

soon’. Ya paydú w núzhn’ik ‘I’m perm’ín’i n. dumplings. going to the toilet’. Ya n’ikudá pérway adj. first. Pérway Bánka ‘First n’i paydú ‘I’m not going Bar’. See: ftaróy. anywhere’. Kadá t’i payd’ósh? per’im’in’ít’ v pfv. change. Per’im’in’í ‘When will you leave?’ An’í past’ílku ‘Change the diaper!’ paydút w K’ináy ‘They are going n. to Kenai’. On s tabóy payd’ót ‘He pér’its pepper. will go with you’. Payd’om! ‘Let’s per’iwótchik n. translator.

go!’ M’i payd’óm w shkólu ‘We pér’ushka n. feather. plural pér’ushk’i. are going to school’. M’i w Diminutive from: p’iró. tsérkaf payd’óm! ‘We are going to church!’ M’i payd’óm gulyát’ Ir’ín’i ‘We are going to walk to Irene’s’ (that is, visit Irene). M’i payd’óm pl’isát’ ‘We’ll go dancing’. Payd’óm chud’ít! ‘Let’s raise hell!’ Patóm an’í damói pésn’a n. song. T’i znáyish étu pésn’u? paydút ‘Then they are going ‘Do you know that song?’ home’. Ya s yim paydú ‘I will go

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péshk’i n. chess piece; checkers piece. danced’. An’í pl’áshut ‘They are singular péshka. dancing’. M’i payd’óm pl’isát’ Lit: pet’ v ipfv. sing. On payót ‘He’s ‘We’ll go dancing’. ‘We’ll go

singing’. T’i payósh ‘You are to dance’. Aná l’úb’it pl’isát’ ‘She See: ; . singing’. Ya payú ‘I’m singing’. likes to dance’. pl’as pl’isún T’i pel? ‘Did you (male) sing?’ T’i pl’isún n. dancer. plural pl’isún’i. On péla? ‘Did you (female) sing?’ Ya óchin’ pl’isún pár’in’ ‘This guy is hachú pet’ ‘I want to sing’. An’í a very good dancer’. See: pl’isát’.

harashó pél’i ‘They sang well’. pl’itá n. stove. Pl’itá d’im’ít ‘The stove péyp’il n. ash, ashes. variant pép’il. Uran’í is smoking’. Papráf pl’itú! ‘Fix pép’il! ‘Shake the ashes down!’ the stove!’ (for example, put (in the stove). more wood in it). Pl’itá swétlay pláchit’ v ipfv. cry. Aná pláchit ‘She’s ‘The stove is shiny’. Zatap’í

crying’. pl’itú! ‘Start the stove!’ See: péchka. platók n. handkerchief; bandana; scarf. v ipfv. ‘ See: babúshka. pl’iwát’ spit. Pl’iyút (They) spit’. v pfv. plát’a n. dress. plural plát’i. Twoyí plát’a pl’únat’ spit. On pl’únal ‘He spit’. karótk’iya ‘Your dresses are pnut’ v pfv. kick. Ya iwó pnu ‘I will kick short’. Dl’ín’a plát’i ‘long dress’. it’. Ya yíhnay sabáku pnúla ‘I See ipfv: plat’ít’ v ipfv. pay. Plát’at ‘(They) pay’. See (female) kicked their dog’. . pfv: zaplat’ít’. zap’inát’ n. plural . pláwat’ v ipfv. swim; sail; float. An’í póbr’ik root cellar. póbr’ik’i pláwayut ‘They are swimming’. póchk’i n. kidney. singular póchka. Twoyí plóskay adj. flat. póchk’i bal’át? ‘Did your kidneys hurt?’ pl’as n. dancing. pod prep. under. Pod dómu ‘under the pl’esh n. bald spot. U n’iwó pl’esh ‘He house’; pod garé ‘at the bottom has a bald spot’. See: gólay. of the hill’ Lit: ‘under the hill’. pl’ichó n. shoulder. plural pl’ichá. On pol n. floor. plural palí. Ya na palú l’ewuyú pl’ichó slamál ‘He broke s’id’ú ‘I’m sitting on the floor’. his left shoulder’. Ya pol padm’itáyu ‘I’m sweeping pl’isát’ v ipfv. dance. On pl’ashet ‘He’s the floor’. dancing’. Ya pl’ishú ‘I’m

dancing’. Ya pl’isála ‘I (female)

75 DICTIONARY pólan adj. full. Daróga pólan gl’ína ‘The pówar n. cook. plural powará. Aná road is muddy. Lit: ‘full of mud’. haróshaya pówar ‘She’s a good short form from: pólnay. cook’. póld’en’ n. noon, midday. powéshit’ v pfv. hang smth (like curtain). pólka n. shelf. plural pólk’i. Powéshit’ yiwó ‘hang it’. pólnay adj. full. Pólnay luná ‘full moon’. pózdnay variant póznay. adj. late. On pólnaya wadá ‘high tide’. See short pózdnay pr’ishól ‘He came late’. form: . pólan pózna adv. late. See: rána2. n. pólnoch midnight. pra prep. about. On pra m’in’é pólzat’ v ipfv. crawl. On pólzayit ‘He’s gawar’ít ‘He’s talking about me’. crawling’. On m’in’é skazál pra t’ib’á ‘He pómn’it’ v ipfv. remember. Ya pómn’u ‘I told me about you’. On pra t’ib’á remember’. Aná pómn’it ‘She dúmayit ‘He is thinking about See: . remembers’. See pfv: fspómn’it’. you’. a v pfv. pop n. Pope. pradát’ sell. Ya twayéy s’istré pradála ‘I (female) sold it to your pósl’i 1 • adv. after awhile; later. Pósl’i t’i sister’. Pradáy m’in’é twoy búd’ish mnóga znat ‘After awhile lóshat’! ‘Sell me your horse!’ See you’ll know a lot’. Ya t’ibé pósl’i ipfv: pradawát’. pad’imú ‘I’ll pick you up later’. v ipfv. . ‘ Pósl’i ishó ‘more later’. pradawát’ sell Pradawál’i (they)

See: pósl’izáftr’i. were selling’. On m’in’é 2 • prep. pósl’i abéda ‘in the pradawát’ éta ‘He (is going) to sell that to me’. See pfv: pradát’. afternoon. Lit: ‘after lunch’. prád’ifka n. string. See: w’ir’ófka. pósl’izáftr’i adv. day after tomorrow. See: pósl’i; záftr’i. prad’iwálka n. house coat. See: prad’iwáshka. Post n. Lent. M’i búd’im sluzhít’ Pastóm ‘We will be serving prad’iwáshka n. slip-on shoes, any during Lent’. Myása n’i id’át kára clothes that you could grab and Post ‘Meat is not eaten during put on. plural prad’iwáshk’i. See: ; ; ; Lent’. See: past’ítsa. bashmák sapag’í apórk’i nad’iwáshk’i; prad’iwálka. póshta n. post office. Iyónay mush ushól v ipfv. na póshtu ‘Her husband went to prad’iwát’ thread. Prad’iwáy n’itku the post office’. igólka! ‘Thread the thread through the needle!’ pot n. sweat. See: pat’ét’; fspat’ét’. 76 DICTIONARY

pragarét’ v pfv. 1 • go out (of a fire). Pl’itá ‘He’s making fun of me’. See: . pragarél ‘The stove went out’. prasméshn’ik 2 • sober up; become sober. On prastak’ísha n. clabbered milk. Ya búdu pragarél ‘He sobered up’. prastak’íshu d’élat’ ‘I will make Usage: figurative meaning. See ipfv: clabbered milk’. garét’. pral’ít’ v pfv. See ipfv: pral’iwát’. On pral’íl ‘He spilled’. pral’iwát’ v ipfv. spill. On pral’iwáyit ‘He is spilling’. An’í pral’iwáyut ‘They are spilling’. See pfv: pral’ít’. pramuslóway adj. hunter. On v pfv. pramuslóway chalowék ‘He is a prastud’ítsa get a cold; get a flu. ‘ hunting person’. See: pramushn’ík. On prastud’ílsa He has a cold’. n. pramushl’át’ v ipfv. hunt. Ya ran’chi prast’in’á sheet; bed sheet. mnóga pramushl’ál ‘I hunted a prast’ít’ v pfv. forgive; let off. Prast’í lot before’. An’í pramushl’ál’i mn’é! ‘Forgive me!’ On iyó ‘They hunted’. prast’íl ‘He forgave her’. See: izw’in’ít’; zhálka. pramushn’ík n. hunter. variant pramusn’ík; plural pramushn’ík’i. pratairéy n. archpriest. See: arhiréy; iréy. See: ; . pramushlyát’ pramuslóway práwa adv. rightly, correctly. Ya t’ibé prapadát’ v ipfv. die (about animal). práwa gawar’ú ‘I’m telling you Sabáka prapadáyit ‘The dog is right’. N’i práwa ‘It’s not right’. dying’. See pfv: prapást’. See: práwda; prawasláwnay. See: ; . um’irát’ pam’irát’ prawasláwnay adj. believer, Christian, prapást’ v pfv. die (about animal). Sabáka Orthodox church member. prapál ‘The dog died’. On prapál See: práwa. ‘He (animal) died’. See práway adj. true. Éta práway ‘It’s true’. ipfv: prapadát’. See: um’irét’; See: l’éway; práwa; práwda. pam’irét’. práwda n. truth. See: yíst’ina; práwa. prasméshn’ik n. joker; jokester; teaser. prázn’ik n. holiday. plural prazn’ik’í. See: prasméyiwat’. See: Kóshachiy Prázn’ik; S prasméyiwat’ v ipfv. make fun of; tease; prázn’ikam!

taunt. On m’in’é prasméyiwayit prazwanók n. vertebra; backbone.

77 DICTIONARY prayt’í v pfv. go past, go through; pass. pr’án’ik n. gingerbread cookie. Kára pos prayd’ót m’i búd’im pr’ibábushka n. great grandmother. kul’ích yis’ ‘When Lent is over we pr’íbat’ v pfv. (tide) come in; increase. See will eat Easter bread’. M’i ipfv: pr’ibuwát’. Pr’íbul ‘It came in’. prayd’óm éta dom ‘We will be See: úbat’. going past that house’. Chas pr’ibawl’át’ v ipfv. (tide) come in; prashól ‘An hour has passed’. See increase. Pr’ibawl’áit ‘It’s (the ipfv: it’í. See: payt’í; pr’iyt’í. tide’s) coming in’. See: pr’ibuwát’; n. . prez’idént president ubuwát’. adj. old-time, old-fashioned. prézhnay pr’ibuwát’ v ipfv. (tide) come in; increase. Ya n’i prézhnay ‘I’m not old- See pfv: pr’íbat’. Wadá pr’ibuwáyit . fashioned’ Éta búla dawnó w ‘The water (tide) is coming in’. ‘ prézhn’im It was long time ago See: pr’ibawl’át’; úbuwát’. in the past’. pr’ibuwóy adj. flooding; coming in. v pfv. prógnat’ chase. Sabáka m’in’é pr’ibuwóy wadá ‘tide (water) See prógnal ‘The dog chased me’. flooding’. See: pr’íbuwát’. ipfv: gan’át’. pr’ichátk’i n. glove. singular pr’ichátka. n. própka cork. See: rakaw’ítsi. n. variant . prórup ice hole. prólup K’ínut w pr’idómat’ v pfv. invent. [An’í] pr’idómal’i ‘ prórup (They) throw (it) into an ‘They invented (something)’. ice hole’. pr’il’itát’ v ipfv. fly in. Kamar’í kadá n. prótw’in’ baking pan. makró pr’il’itáyut ‘Mosquitos fly prówalka n. wire. in when it’s wet’. See: l’itát’. pruzhína n. spring. pr’imér’it’ v pfv. measure. Ya pr’imér’u ‘II will try (it)’. pr’imn’án’ik n. godson, nephew. See: pr’imyán’itsa. pr’imyán’itsa n. niece, goddaughter. variant pr’im’án’itsa. See: pr’imn’án’ik. pr’in’imát’ v ipfv. to accept (by godfather pr’iwázhna adv. plenty; a lot; seriously. and godmother) as god child. An’i pr’iwazhna plót’at ‘They pay a lot’.

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pr’in’ist’í v pfv. bring. Ya iyó damói pr’iyátna adv. variant p’ir’yátna. nicely, pr’in’isú ‘I’m bringing her to pleasantly, kindly. Óchin’ (my) house’. Pr’in’is’í (mn’é)! pr’iyátna zd’es’ Óchin’ p’ir’yátna. ‘Bring it (to me)!’ On m’in’é r’íbu Balshóy spas’íba shto zashól pr’in’ós ‘He brought me fish’. On ‘Pleased to see you. Thanks for wódu pr’in’is’ót ‘He will haul coming’. See: ; . water’. taskát’ tashschít’ pr’iyéhat’ v pfv. come (by car). Priyéd’it .. pr’iplít’ v pfv. swim up; sail up. Patóm on w kar’i pr’iyéd’it ‘(he will) s’udá pr’iplíl’i aní ‘Later they come... he will come by car’. sailed up hither’. See: zayéhat’. pr’íschik n. pimple. pr’iyómchik n. godchild. variant pr’iyómshchik. pr’isn’ák n. unleavened bread. pr’iyt’í v pfv. arrive; come. Atkúy t’i pr’isn’ét’ n. pan bread, fried bread. pr’ishól? ‘Where did you (male) See: l’ipl’óshka ’pancake’. come from?’ Ya étu méstu pr’isól’nay adj. salted lightly. Swézhay pr’íshla ‘I (female) came to this pr’isól’nay r’íba ‘lightly/freshly place’. See ipfv: it’í. See: payt’í; dayt’í; salted fish’. See: pasól’nay; prayt’í. sal’ónay; sol’. psalómchik n. psalmist. See: chit’ets. pr’ístan n. dock. pt’ítsa n. bird. plural pt’ítsi. Tsélaya kúcha pr’ist’igát’ v ipfv. pin, fasten. On pt’ítsi l’itáyut ‘The birds are pr’ist’igáit ‘He is pinning flying in flocks’. Pt’ítsi gn’iznó (something)’. See pfv: pr’ist’ignút’. ‘bird’s nest’. See See: zast’igát’. diminutive: p’it’íchk’i. pr’ist’ignút’ v pfv. fasten. See púbafka n. button. variant púgafka; ipfv: pr’ist’igát’. plural púgafk’i. pr’iwál n. school of fish. Pr’iwál pr’ishól ‘A school of fish came’.

79 DICTIONARY púchka n. wild celery; cow parsnip. púrga n. blizzard. Na wúl’is’i púrga plural púchk’i. See: dútka. ‘There’s a blizzard outside’. See: purzhít’. purzhít’ v ipfv. blizzard. Purzhít ‘It’s a snow storm; it’s blizzarding’. See: púrga. puskáy prt. that’s O.K., it doesn’t matter. See: n’ichiwó. adj. pustóy empty. Iyónay dom pustóy ‘Her house is empty’. Katúshka n. . púgala scarecrow pustóy ‘The spool is empty’. pugát’ v ipfv. scare. Aná nas pugáyit ‘She See: aprastát’; w’ís’ipat’.

scares us’. T’i m’in’é napugál pust’it’ v pfv. let go; release; start. Ya

‘You (male) scared me’. Ana ad’ín hlopúshku pust’íl ‘I let off ‘ m’in’é napugála She scared me’. one firecracker’. Pust’í ‘let go!’ See pfv: . See: ; napugát’ chud’ít’ See: atpust’ít’; spust’ít’. stráshnay; stráshna. púshit’ v ipfv. bawl out; scold. n. plural . púl’a shell; bullet. púl’i variant puzhít’. On m’in’á púshit .. on m’in’á drugóy ras púshit ‘He bawls me out...he sometimes bawls me out’. Aná m’in’á pushíla, ya hat’él yiyó zamaknút’, shtop ya push iyó n’e sl’ihál ‘She was bawling me out, I púl’inay adj. polka dotted. variant púlanay, wanted to lock her in, so that I púlay. Ya zashíla púlanay plát’ya wouldn’t hear her bawling’. ‘I sewed a polka-dotted dress’. púshka n. cannon; gun. See: ruzhyó.

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puwárn’a n. smokehouse. puz’ír n. bladder; fish air sac; bubble. variant pawárn’a. Pawárn’a d’im’ít Usage: might mean stomach for some . plural . ‘The smokehouse is smoking’. people puz’ir’í U n’iwó bal’shóy puz’ír ‘He has a big stomach’. puz’ir’ók n. bubble. See: puz’ir. pyátatsa v ipfv. hide oneself. On pyátayitsa ‘He’s hiding’. See pfv: zapyátatsa. pyátka n. heel.

P’ - p’ p’ála n. hide stretcher. plural p’ál’i. Kak p’il’úl’ n. pill. plural p’il’úl’i. ‘ garnastáy na p’ál’i as an ermine p’int n. pint. on a skinstretcher’. p’irazhók n. pie, cake. plural p’ir’ishk’í. n. variant . P’átn’itsa Friday. P’átn’isa See: tárachka. num. p’at’ five. p’ird’ít’ v ipfv. pass gas; flatulate; fart. p’ichónka n. liver. Usage: vulgar, but often said in Ninilchik. Ya p’ird’él ‘I (male) p’ík’i n. spades - a card suite.

singular p’íka. farted’. Ya p’irdáyu ‘I am flatulating’. P’ird’ít ‘ (He/she) p’ilá n. saw. Ya fchira rabotal s piloy ‘I farts’. See: p’ird’ósh; p’órnut’. worked yesterday with a saw’. n. See: . See: p’il’ít’. p’ird’ósh farting. p’ird’ít’ n. 1 • plural . p’il’ n. dust. See: zéml’a; p’íl’nay. p’iró crest, feather. pér’ya Mnóga pér’ya ‘many feathers’; p’il’ít’ v ipfv. saw. On p’il’ít ‘He’s sawing’. mnóga p’iró ‘many feathers’. Ya On p’il’íl ‘He sawed’. See: p’ilá. nashlá ad’ín pér’ya ‘I found one p’íl’nay adj. dusty. See: p’il’ ’dust’. feather’. U étoy pt’ítsi zabáwn’iya

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pér’ya ‘This bird has beautiful p’ismó n. letter (for mail). See: p’isát’; feathers’. See diminutive: pér’ushka. nap’isát’. 2 • fin (of fish). p’isók n. sand. 3 • pen. p’istal’ét n. pistol, revolver. n. plural . p’irók fish pie, meat pie. p’iróg’i p’ishkóm adv. on foot. P’ishkóm See: . p’irazhók payd’om! ‘Let’s go for a walk!’ p’ísht’a n. food. variant p’íshcha. Bánashnay p’ísht’a ‘canned food’. On znáy’it shto kakóy ‘ p’ir’ibán’ik n. bathhouse vestibule; p’íshcha imú náda yes’ He banya dressing room. See: bánya. knows what food he needs to eat’. p’ir’ilamát’ v pfv. break up. Ya p’ir’ilamál n. variant . úgal’i ‘I broke up coal’. p’itl’á loop, snare. p’itló See: raskrashít’. p’itnátsat num. fifteen. p’ir’iménay adj. alternating. P’ir’iménay p’itrúshka n. wild parsley. ‘ tok alternating current’ (AC p’itúh n. rooster. Ya p’ituhá sl’íshu ‘I

electricity). hear a rooster’. See: kúra. v pfv. p’ir’iw’irn’ít’ turn over. P’ir’iw’irn’í! p’it’ v ipfv. drink. On p’y ot’ ‘He’s

‘Turn it over!’ drinking’. On p’il’ ‘He drank’. Ya p’ir’ót adv. in front. variant fp’ir’ót. Id’í wódu p’yu ‘I’m drinking water’. fp’ir’ót! ‘Walk in front!’ On See: w’ip’iwát’. p’ir’ót; ya zád’i iwó ‘He’s in p’it’íchk’i n. little birds, baby birds. front; I’m behind him’. T’i id’í variant pt’íchk’i. ‘ p’ir’ót, ya búdu szád’i Go p’íwa n. beer. forward, I will keep behind’. p’íwashka n. beer drinker. See: zád’i. p’izdá n. vagina. Usage: vulgar. p’ísat’ v ipfv. pee; urinate (about a baby, n. crochet hook. See: támbur. or an old person). On p’ísayit p’órka ‘He’s urinating’. See pfv: pap’ísat’; p’órnut’ v pfv. fart. On p’órnul ‘He nap’ísat’. See: chíshkat’; abasát’. flatulated’. Ya p’órnul ‘I (male) p’isát’ v ipfv. write. On p’íshit ‘He’s flatulated’. Ya p’órnula ‘I (female) See: . writing’. See pfv: nap’isát’. flatulated’. p’ird’it’

See: p’ismó; zap’íska.

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p’yánay adj. drunk. On p’yánay ‘He’s get drunk’. See: p’yán’itsa; ap’in’ít’. drunk’. Ya n’e hachú chtóbi on p’yán’itsa n. drunkard. See: p’yánay. byl pyánay ‘I don’t want him to

R - r rababútsa n. rubber boot. plural rababútsi. rad’ílas’ w Súward’i ‘I (female) was born in Seward’. Har’itón rad’ílsa w akt’ibré ‘Harry was born in October’. See: razhd’én’a. rad’ít’il’ n. relative. plural rad’ít’il’i. Moy rad’ít’il’ ‘my relative’. Ya ushól r’ibáchit’ sa swayím rad’ít’il’im ‘I went fishing with my relative’. See: radn’ík. rabóta n. work: job. U n’iwó haróshay ragózha n. cover, mat. See: palaw’ík; rabóta ‘He has a good job’. N’i kózha; shkúra. kakóy rabóta n’i l’éhkay ‘No ráguda n. rainbow.

work is easy’. Rabóta sam n’i rak n. crab. pr’id’ót; iwó náda iskát ‘Work won’t arrive on its own; (it) is necessary to look for it’. See: rabótat’. rabótat’ v ipfv. work. On rabótayit ‘He’s

working’. N’i náda tak mnóga rabótat’! ‘Don’t work so much!’ n. mitten. singular rakaw’ítsa. See: rabóta. rakaw’ítsi See: pr’ichátk’i . rabótn’ik n. worker. radn’ík n. relative. plural radn’ik’í. Moy radn’ík ‘my relative’. Éta mayí radn’i’k’í ‘These are my relatives’. See: rad’ít’il’. rad’ítsa v pfv. born. A gd’é t’i rad’ílsa?

‘Where were you born?’ Ya

83 DICTIONARY rakúshka n. mussel, shell. plural rakúshk’i. raspust’ítsa v pfv. bloom. Sw’itóchka ramáshka n. chamomile. plural ramáshk’i. raspust’ílsa ‘The flower is blooming’. See ipfv: raspuskátsa. rána1 n. wound. Éta rána n’i zazhuw’ót v pfv. ‘This wound will not heal’. rastap’ít’ light a fire; make a fire; See: rána. build a fire. On rastap’ít pl’itú ‘He is starting the stove’. On rána2 adv. early. Ya útram rána fstála ‘I (female) woke up early’. rastap’íl pl’itú ‘He (re-)started

See: pózna; rána. the stove’. Rastap’í! ‘Start the fire!’ See: rastópka; zatap’ít’; ras n. time, occasion. Ádna ras ‘one zazhéch. time’. Ádna ras sama rás! ‘Once v pfv. thaw; melt. Rastál ‘It’s is enough!’ See: pará. rastáyit’ melted’. Sn’ek rastál ‘The snow rasamága n. wolverine. plural rasamág’i. has melted’. See ipfv: táyit’. See: kazná. rastópka n. kindling; shaving. rastópk’i d’élayut iz drawá ‘Kindling is made out of wood’. plural rastópk’i. See: rastap’ít’. rastr’ópanay adj. messy. Mayí walasá raskázuwat’ v ipfv. tell stories. rastr’ópan’iya ‘My hair is messy’. raskrashít’ v pfv. crush. Stupáy raskrashí rast’í v ipfv. grow. Rast’ót ‘(He/It) is úgal’! ‘Go crush the coal! (into growing’. S’im’iná rastút ‘The small enough pieces for the seeds are growing’. stove)’. See: p’ir’ilamát’. ras’ird’ítsa v pfv. get angry. Ras’ird’ílsa rasól n. brine. See: sol’. ‘(He) got angry’. See ipfv: serd’ítsa. raspór’itsa v pfv. argue. An’í raspór’il’is’ rashchipér’itsa v ipfv. Show off. ‘They argued’. Rashchipér’ilsa kak kura ‘(He) raspúhnut’ v pfv. swell. Raspúh ‘(He) spread out like a hen’. swelled / got swollen’. Raspúhl’i razbóyn’ik n. rebel. plural razbóyn’ik’i. ‘(they) swelled / got swollen’. Raspúhla zhíla ‘The vein got razd’ét’ v pfv. take off clothes; undress. ‘ swollen sickness’. On razd’él swayí b’il’yó He took off his clothes’. Aná razd’élas’ raspuskátsa v ipfv. bud. An’í ‘she undressed’. See raspuskáyutsa ‘They are ipfv: razd’iwátsa. budding’ (for example, pussy willows). See pfv: raspust’ítsa. 84 DICTIONARY

razd’iwátsa v ipfv. undress; take off. On rézat’ v ipfv. cut. Séna rézhu ‘I am razd’iwáyitsa ‘He is undressing’. cutting hay’. See pfv: atrézat’. See pfv: razd’ét’. See: ad’iwátsa. See: kás’it’. razl’iwát’ v ipfv. ladle. Aná razl’iwáyit sup réyd’io n. radio. variant rád’io. See: . ‘She ladls out the soup’. l’it’ rok n. horn, antler. plural ragá. adj. razmólatay ground. Razmólatay rós’ip n. deposit; gravel deposit; gravel ‘ myása ground meat’; razmolatay bar. ríba ‘ground fish’. See: rúbl’inay. razm’ishátsa v pfv. get in the way. An’i razm’ishál’is’a? ‘Did they get in the way?’ See: m’ishát’. adv. rázna variously, in all kinds. Rázna rot n. mouth. plural rót’i. See: rózha. gawar’át ‘speak differently’. równay adj. straight. See: padrugómu. rózga n. twig. rázn’iya adj. various; of all kinds; rózha n. mouth. U n’iwó rózha bal’shóy different. U mal’chíshk’i rázn’iya - mnóga baltáyit ‘He has big igrúshk’i ‘The boy has various mouth: it means he talks too toys’. Rázn’iya glazá ‘eyes of much’. different colour’. See: drugóy. rubáha n. shirt, blouse. Twoy rubáha razúmat’ v ipfv. understand. Ya n’i z’il’ónay ‘Your shirt is green’. razúmayu papól’sk’i ‘I don’t Zast’ign’í twoy rubáhu! ‘Button understand Polish’. up your shirt!’ d’éw’ichya rubáha razhd’én’a n. birthday. See: rad’ítsa; ‘girl’s blouse’. See Razhistwó. diminutive: rubáshka. Razhistwó n. Christmas. See: razhd’én’a. rubáshka n. shirt. Diminutive from: rubáha. ray n. paradise. rúbl’inay adj. ground. Rúbl’inay m’ása n. Lit: ‘ . réchka creek, river. little river’ ‘ground meat’. See: razmólatay. Diminutive from: r’iká. Mál’in’koy rúchka n. handle. plural rúchk’i. Réchka ‘Small Creek’. Réchka rugát’ v ipfv. curse at, swear. T’i m’in’é b’izhít ‘The river is running’. Ya tózha rugáyish ‘You curse at me chér’iz réchku pr’ishól ‘I crossed also’. the river’. See: r’ichúshka. ruká n. arm, hand. plural rúk’i. Rukám’i répa n. turnip. ‘with (your) hands’. See: k’ist’.

85 DICTIONARY rukáf n. sleeve. plural rukaw’í. dress’; rúskay kartús ‘Russian ‘ rul’ n. steering wheel. box’; rúskaya d’éfka Russian girl’. See: Ras’íya; Rusák; parúsk’i. Rusachka n. Russian person (female). adj. Aná Rusáchka ‘She is Russian’. rushównay rusty. Nósh u m’in’é

See: Rusák. rushównay ‘My knife is rusty’. See: zarzháway. Rusák n. Russian (person). plural Rusak’í. n. variant ; See: Rusáchka; Rúskay. ruzhyó gun; rifle. ruzhó plural rúzha. See: púshka. Rúskay adj. Russian. plural Rúsk’iya. An’í búl’i Rusk’íya ‘They were Russian’. Rúskay plát’a ‘Russian

R’ - r’ r’ámzha n. Irish lord; sucker. r’ibáchit’ v ipfv. fish. Ya r’ibáchu ‘I am fishing’. A gd’é t’i r’ibáchish? ‘Where do you fish?’ See: r’ibá; r’ibák. r’ápchik n. spruce hen; grouse. variant rápchik.

r’íba n. fish. S’iyónay r’íba ‘salt fish’; r’ibák n. fisherman. plural r’ibak’í. swézhay pr’isól’nay r’íba ‘lightly See: r’ibáchit’; r’íba. salted fish’; krásnay r’íba ‘red r’ibró n. rib. variant r’ibyó; plural r’óbr’a, salmon’. R’íba mnóga ‘There’s r’ib’yá, r’óbr’i. Mayí r’óbra bal’át many fish’. See: r’ibáchit’; r’ibák. ‘my ribs ache’. r’íb’ichiy adj. fish; of fish. plural r’íb’ichyi. R’íb’ichyi hwast’í ‘fish tails’.

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r’ib’it’íshk’i n. children. r’iká n. river. See diminutive: réchka; variant rab’it’íshk’i. U m’in’é chit’ír’i r’ichúshka. rab’it’íshk’i ‘I have four children’. r’imén’ n. belt. Mayí r’ib’it’íshk’i ‘my children’. r’is n. rice. See: krupá. See: r’ib’ónak. r’isawát’ v ipfv. draw. r’ib’ónak n. child. plural r’ib’ónk’i. r’yóta n. vomit. See: w’írwat’. See: r’ib’it’íshk’i. r’ichúshka n. stream. Diminutive from: r’iká. See: réchka.

S - s s prep. with. Aná s m’in’á n’i sabáka n. 1 • dog. plural sabák’i. See gawar’ít ‘She doesn’t talk to me’. diminutive: sabáchka. See: súka. Ya paydú s im’yá ‘I’ll go with them’. S nówam gódam ‘Happy New Year’ Lit: ‘with new year’. See: sa. sa prep. with. Id’í sa mnoy! ‘Come with me!’ On sa s wám’i b’izhál? ‘Did he run with you (plural)?’ T’i b’izhála sa swayím brat? ‘Did you 2 • dog salmon. See: k’íta. (female) run with your brother?’ See: s. sabáchka n. 1 • puppy. Diminutive

from: sabáka. v ipfv. 2 • trigger. sabáshit’ quit. Ya sabáshu ‘I am quitting’. Ya sabáshil ‘I (male) quit’. Sabásh! ‘Quit!’ See: astanaw’ítsa. sabrán’a n. meeting.

sab’irát’ v ipfv. gather, collect. On úgal’ sab’iráyit ‘He’s picking up (gathering) coal’. M’i móg’im s tabóy yágad’i sab’irát’ ‘We can 87 DICTIONARY

go pick berries with you’. M’i sahát n. moose. plural sahát’i. Ya sahátu fs’idá mnóga yágad’i sab’irál’i ub’íl ‘I killed a moose’. ‘We were always picking many mán’in’kay sahát bégal … berries’. t’il’ónak bégal ‘a little moose sadók n. fish trap, hand trap. plural satk’í. was running, a calf was running On óchin haróshay sadók stróyit around’. Karów’inay sahát ‘cow ‘He builds very good traps’. moose’. Sahát’ina karówa ‘cow See: kapkán. moose’. Fchará nam sahát pr’ishól ‘Yesterday a moose came to us’. See: saháchiy.

sad’ítsa v ipfv. sit down; set (about the sun). Sad’ís’! ‘Sit down!’ An’í sáka n. urine. See: sráka; chíshka. sad’íl’is’ ‘They sat down’. See sal n. hall, saloon. pfv: sest’. See: s’id’ét’; pasad’ít’. sála n. lard. See: zhir. safsém adv. quite; totally; completely. n. salad. Húda, safsém húda! ‘Badly, salát n. plural . totally badly!’ On safsém n’i saldát soldier. saldát’i gláwnay ‘It’s not main at all’. salónka n. salt shaker. See: sol’ ’salt’. saháchiy adj. of moose; belonging to the sal’ít’ v ipfv. salt. On búd’it r’íbu sal’ít’ moose. variant sahát’ina. Éta ‘He will salt the fish’. See pfv: . sahát’ina túnta ‘That is moose pasal’ít’ droppings’. Saháchiy túnta sal’ónay adj. salty. variant s’il’ónay. r’íba ‘moose droppings’. Saháchiy sal’ónay ‘The fish is salty’. m’ása sám’iy lúchiy w’ihód’it See: sol’; pr’isól’nay; pasól’nay; ; . ‘The elk flesh is usually the most s’il’ónay r’íba taste delicious’. See: sahát. sam pro. self. plural sámi. On sam s’ibé sáhar n. sugar. See: sáharn’itsa. w’ízhit ‘He sees himself’. On sam s’ibé gawar’ít ‘He’s talking to sáharn’itsa n. sugar bowl. himself’. On sam sabóy gawar’ít variant sahárn’ik. See: sáhar. ‘He’s talking to himself’. 88 DICTIONARY

sáma rás adv. enough. Ádnaras sáma Kamar’í sasút ‘Mosquitoes suck’ rás! ‘Once is enough!’ sáma ras (blood). gawar’át’, t’i dawól’na skazál! sasúl’ka n. icicle. ‘Enough talking, you said enough!’ See: dawól’na. samadán n. briefcase. variant chabadán. sapag’í n. boots. T’izhólayi sapag’í ‘heavy boots’. See: bashmák; apórk’i; t’úhl’i; prad’iwáshka. v ipfv. ‘ sap’ít’ breathe heavily. Sap’ít (He) sataná n. devil, Satan. Chih, chih, breathes noisily’. On n’i hrap’ít, a chuhalá, chort, sabáka, sataná! sap’ít ‘He is not snoring, but Lit: ‘sound of a motor, devil, dog, breathing noisily’. Satan’. Usage: Kid's rhyme. sarápat’ v ipfv. scratch. Kóshka sarápayit See: chort; d’yáwal. ‘The cat is scratching. The cat sawrát’ v pfv. lie. On sawrál ‘He lied’. See scratched me’. ipfv: wrat’. saráy n. shed. sazha n. soot. W trub’é mnóga sázha saróka n. 1 • magpie. Saróka bélabóka na ‘(There is) a lot of soot in the paróg’i tsikála, i góst’i pr’ishl’í chimney’. ‘Magpie the white side on the sáywash n. Alaska Native, Native. porch chattered, and guests schásht’a n. happiness; luck. S nówam came’. Usage: children's rhyme. See: schást’im! ‘New Happiness!’ saróka b’ilabóka. Usage: a nice response to Happy new year! See: S nówam gódam. schot n. count. See: chitát’. sem num. seven. sem’sót num. seven hundred. séna n. hay. On kós’it séna ‘He’s

cutting / mowing hay’. Ya séna 2 • chatterbox; chatty person. rézhu ‘I am cutting hay’. sasát’ v ipfv. suck. Kamár sas’ót ‘The See: trawá; senakós; stok. mosquito sucks’ (blood out of senakós n. haystack. plural senakós’i. you). Kamár krof sas’ót ‘The See: séna.

mosquito is sucking blood’. sent n. cent. plural sént’i.

89 DICTIONARY séra n. gum; chewing gum. On séra zhuwál ‘He was chewing gum’. Búd’it wam séru zhuwát’! ‘Stop chewing gum!’ séray adj. gray. Sér’iya walasá ‘gray séw’ir n. north. See: . hair’. s’idóy sgawarítsa v pfv. to start conversation. serd’ítsa v ipfv. feel angry, mad. On On kákta... sgawar’ítsa s tabóy i sérd’itsa ‘He is mad’. Aná na kantsá n’étu! ‘He is like... starts m’in’é sérd’itsa ‘She’s angry at talking to you, you can’t stop me’. See pfv: ras’ird’ítsa. him’. sérkaf n. church. variant tsérkaf. M’i sérkaf skakát’ v ipfv. jump. Aná skakáyit ‘She is payd’óm ‘We will go to church’. jumping’. See pfv: skaknút’. See: w’iskakát’. skaknút’ v pfv. jump. Ya skaknúla iz l’is’ín’i ‘I (female) jumped down from the tree’. Ya skaknúla na gazal’ín ‘I jumped onto the See ipfv: . boat’. skakát’ skálka n. rolling pin. See: katúshka. sértsa n. heart. variant sérsa; plural sérs’i. n. See: chérw’i. skaméyka bench. serzhánt n. sergeant. skáska n. story; news, rumor; fairy tale; plural . sér’g’i n. earrings. singular sér’ga. tale. skásk’i Ya t’ibé skásku Usage: not known by some speakers. skazhú ‘I ‘ll tell you a story’. On See diminutive: s’ir’óshk’i. m’in’é mnóga skásk’i skazál ‘He See: naúshn’ik’i. tells a lot of tales’. See: wrák’i. sest’ v pfv. set (about the sun). Sóntsa skat’órka n. table cloth. sel ‘The sun set’. See ipfv: s’id’ét’. See: zakat’ítsa; sad’ítsa. sétka n. net, web, hair net. plural sétk’i. Pawuk’ín’ina sétka ‘spider’s web’. R’íba na sétk’i absóh ‘The fish in the nets went dry’.

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skawarótka n. skillet; frying pan; skóra adv. soon. Ya skóra paydú ‘I will diminutive from: skówarada. go soon’. See: mashínka; zhárn’ik. skórchit’ v pfv. squeeze. Aná skórchila v pfv. skazát’ say, tell. Chiwó t’i skazála? ‘She squeezed it’. ‘What did you (female) say?’ skótn’ik n. stable, barn. Karów’inay Chiwó t’i skazál? ‘What did you skótn’ik ‘cow barn’; lashad’ín’iy (male) say?’ Chiwó on skazál? skótn’ik ‘horse stable’; karów’iy ‘What did he say?’ Chiwó aná skótn’ik’i ‘the cows’ barns’. skazála? ‘What did she say?’ See: stol2. Chiwó an’í skazál’i? ‘What did skówarada n. skillet, frying pan. See they say?’ Ya n’ichiwó n’i skazála diminutive: skawarótka. See: mashínka; . ‘I (female) didn’t say anything’ zhárn’ik. On m’in’é skazál ‘He told me’. skr’ípka n. fiddle. Yézhl’i t’i m’in’é w káman’im v ipfv. miss, lonesome for, long k’ín’ish, ya Bózhink’i skazhú ‘If skuchát’

you throw a rock at me, I’ll tell for. Aná skucháit ‘She is missing

God on you’ (what a local bird (someone)’. says). On m’in’é mnóga skásk’i skúchna adv. lonely. M’in’é skúchna ‘I skazál ‘He tells a lot of tales’. See am lonely’. ipfv: skázawat’. skupóy adj. stingy. On skupóy ‘He is skázawat’ v ipfv. See pfv: skazát’. Záftr’i m’i stingy’. See: shchédray. búd’im ból’shi skázawat’ sk’idú v pfv. to skidoo, to get away; ‘Tomorrow we’ll talk some snatch something while getting more’. away. Tóni dawnó on na góru skladnóy adj. portable; collapsible. skidú ‘Tony already took off skladn’ík n. pocket knife. See: nózhik. up the hill’. Tony másla na góra sklád’iwat’ v ipfv. fold. Kárt’i skládawayu skidú ‘Tony took off with the ‘(I) play solitaire’. butter up the hill’. skól’ka pro. how much, how many. slábay adj. slack, loose. Mayí plát’a variant skóyka. Skól’ka u t’ibé slábaya ‘My dresses are loose’. rab’it’íshk’i? ‘How many children See: túgay. do you have?’ Skól’ka éta stóyit? slamátay adj. broken. Gl’id’íka, éta ‘How much does it cost?’ Skól’ka kóyka slamátay! ‘Look, that bed pál’tsi na ruké? ‘How many is broken’. fingers does he/she have?’ 91 DICTIONARY slamátsa v pfv. break. Akóshka slamálsa slúzhba n. service. W wayénam slúzhb’i ‘The window broke’. See: slamát’; ‘in military service’. . lópnut’ sluzhít’ v ipfv. to serve. W wajénoj slamát’ v pfv. break. Ya t’ibé gólawu slúzhb’i sluzhíl ‘(He, male) slamú ‘I will beat you up. Lit: served in the military’. Sluzhú ‘ ‘I will break your head’. Ya (I) serve’; slúzhit ‘he/she serves’. cháshku slamála ‘I (female) sluzh’ít’ v ipfv. serve. M’i búd’ím See ipfv: . broke the cup’. lamát’ slyuzh’ít’ postóm ‘We will be See: slamátsa; lópnut’. serving during Lent’. slátkay adj. sweet. sl’et n. animal track, footprint. sláwa n. glory, fame, honor. Sláwa plural sl’idá. Lit: Bóhu! ‘Thanks to Lord!’ ‘Glory sl’id’ít’ v ipfv. watch, follow. N’i magú

to God’. sl’ézhu See: karaúl’it’. v ipfv. sláw’it’ star, carol. Sláw’it’ sl’ipóy n. blind (person). payd’óm! ‘Let’s go starring!’ adj. blind. On sl’ipóy ‘He is blind’. Usage: This refers to carrying the Christmas star around the village while sl’íshat’ v ipfv. hear. On n’i móg’it caroling. sl’íshat’ ‘He can’t hear’. Ya t’ibé ‘ slon n. elephant. n’i mógu sl’íshat’ I can’t hear you’. Kadá on hwarál on slówa n. word. plural slowá. Ya zab’íl harashén’ka n’i sl’íshal ‘When he mnóga slowá ‘I forgot many was ill he could not hear well’. Ya words’. sl’íshu ‘I hear (it)’. Ya p’ituhá sluchítsa v pfv. happen. Chiwó sluchílas? sl’íshu ‘I hear a rooster’. M’i ‘What happened?’ húda sl’íshim ‘We hear badly’. slúshat’ v ipfv. listen, obey. Ya t’ib’á See: slúshat’. slúshayu ‘I’m listening to you’. sl’óza n. tear. plural sl’óz’i. T’i m’in’é slúshay! ‘Listen (to sl’ún’i n. saliva. me)!’ Slúshay yih! ‘Listen to adv. them!’ N’i náda yih slúshat’ ‘You smáhu fast; at once. Smáhu ‘ don’t need to listen to them’. rabótayit (He/she) works fast’. Twoy at’éts t’ibé slúshayit? ‘Does your father listen to you?’ On m’in’é n’i slúshayit ‘He doesn’t listen to me’. See pfv: paslúshat’. See: sl’íshat’.

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smaród’ina n. currant. Krásnaya (something) off’. See: sn’ím’it’. smaród’ina ‘red currant’; s’ín’aya sn’ek n. snow. Sn’ek id’ót ‘It’s snowing’ smaród’ina ‘blue currant’. Lit: ‘Snow is coming’. Sn’ek padaet ‘Snow is falling’. Sn’ek pashól ‘Snow is starting to come’. Mókray sn’ek ‘wet snow’. Sn’ek na kustáh ‘snow on

bushes’. Gild’í, tam sn’ek na garé! ‘Look, there’s snow on the smeh n. laughter. See: sm’iyátsa. mountain!’ See: sn’izhóy; kurzhák; smélay adj. bold. nast; shugá. smórshchitsa v pfv. frown. On sn’ím’it’ v pfv. take off; skim. Sn’im’í smórshchilsa ‘He frowned’. kalpák! ‘Take off (your) hat!’ On sm’ishnó adv. funny, humorous. M’in’é sn’ím’it n’imnóshka ‘He will skim sm’ishnó ‘It’s funny to me’. Imú a little’. See: sn’at’. sm’ishnó ‘It’s funny to him’. sn’ítsa v ipfv. sn’ílas ‘(I) had a dream’.

In’éy sm’ishnó ‘It’s funny to her’. sn’izhóy adj. of snow. Sn’izhóy pt’ítsa Imyá sm’ishnó ‘It’s funny to ‘snow bird’; sn’izhóy shár’ik

them’. Nam sm’ishnó ‘It’s funny ‘snowball’. See: sn’ek. to us’. T’ibé sm’ishnó? ‘Is it sn’izhóy pt’ítsa n. snowbird; snow funny to you?’ Wam sm’ishnó? ‘Is bunting. See: z’ímnay pt’ítsa; pt’ítsa; it funny to you guys?’ sn’ek. sm’ishnóy adj. funny. T’i sm’ishnóy ‘You sok n. juice. are funny’. sol’ n. salt. plural sól’i. See: sal’ónay; n. cream, sour cream. sm’itána pr’isól’nay; pasól’nay; rasól. sm’iyátsa v ipfv. laugh. On sm’iyótsa son n. dream, sleep. Ya wa sn’e ‘He’s laughing’. Ya l’ubl’ú w’íd’ila ‘I (female) dreamed’. Lit: ‘I sm’iyátsa ‘I like to laugh’. saw (something) in my sleep’. Ya See: hahatát’; smeh. was wa sn’é w’idál ‘I (male) saw v pfv. sn’at’ take, take off, photograph. you in my dream’. Ya imú patrét sn’alá ‘I (female) sónay adj. sleepy. Ya sónaya ‘I (female) took a picture of him’. Ya hachú am sleepy’. See: zasónay; son; patrét sn’at ‘I want to take a sn’ítsa. picture’. On sn’al ‘He took sóntsa n. sun. Sóntsa swét’it ‘It’s sunny’.

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Mnóga sóntsa ‘lots of sunshine’. will ask him’. Aná iwó sprós’it Sóntsa padn’imáyitsa ‘The sun is ‘She will ask him’. Ya hachú t’ib’á rising’. Sóntsa zakat’ílsa / sel spras’ít’ ‘I want to ask you’. ‘The sun set’. See ipfv: spráshiwat’. sópl’i n. snot. See: bat’ík’ina sópl’i; sl’ún’i. spráshiwat’ v ipfv. ask. Ya spráshivayu sosk’í n. nipples. singular sóska. ‘nipple’ iyó ‘I am asking her’. Ya t’ib’á (bottle); pacifier’. See: t’ít’ka. t’ip’ér’ spráshiwayu (sprás’iwayu). ‘I am now asking spakóynay adj. quiet. you’. See pfv: spras’ít’. spalasknut’ v pfv. rinse; rinse out; spuskátsa v ipfv. come down. Ya iz gargle. T’i spalaskn’ósh ‘You w’íshk’i spuskáyus’ ‘I am coming rinse’. spalasknúla bil’o ‘(She) down from upstairs’. rinsed the clothes’. Aná See pfv: spust’ítsa. spalaskáyit ‘She is rinsing (it)’. A spuskát’ v ipfv. lower; let go down. M’i spalaskáyu ‘I am rinsing (it)’. (...) schl’úpachk’i spuskál’i, m’i spasát’ v ipfv. save. Spas’í, Góspod’i! Baránawa fstrechál’i ‘We let the ‘Save, (oh) Lord!’ small boats down on water, we n. spas’íba thank you. Spas’íba t’ibé were meeting Baranof’.

tózha ‘Thank you to you also’. See pfv: spust’ít’. Spas’íba t’ibé bal’shóy ‘Thank spust’ítsa v pfv. come down. On iz you very much’. ‘ big thanks to w’íshk’i spust’ílsa ‘He came you’. Bal’shóy spas’íba ‘big down from upstairs’. See

thanks’. ipfv: spuskátsa. v ipfv. spat’ sleep. Sabáka sp’it ‘The dog spust’ít’ v pfv. let come down. spust’íl

is sleeping’. Ya spl’ú ‘I’m ‘(he) let (it) come down’. ‘ sleeping’. Pará spat’ It’s time for See ipfv: spuskát’. See: pust’ít’. bed’. Lit: ‘It’s time to sleep’. On sp’íchka n. match. plural sp’íchk’i. On pastarél, yimú n’i sp’ítsa ‘He got sp’íchku zazhg’ót ‘He will light old, he doesn’t sleep well’. the match’. See: usnút’. sp’iná n. back, spine. Sp’iná bal’ít ‘The spórtskaya shkóla n. sport school. W back hurts’. (Na) sp’in’é ‘on the spórtskuju shkólu khad í l? ‘Did back’. See: nazát. you go to the sport school?’ spras’ít’ v pfv. ask. Aná iwó spras’íla ‘She asked him’. Ya yiwó sprashú ‘I

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sráka n. poop; liquid feces. Usage: vulgar. mother. Stáraya star’úha ‘very Sráka w’ishól ‘I defecated’. U old woman’. Éta moy star’úha m’in’é sráka ‘I have diarrhea’. ‘This is my old woman’. See: srat’; gawnó; túnta; sáka. Usage: used by younger speakers for mother.. Mayá star’úha. See srat’ v ipfv. defecate, poop. On sráyit. diminutive: star’úshka. See: star’ík. ‘He is pooping’. Usage: vulgar. n. See: sráka. See pfv: abasrát’. star’úshka old woman. plural star’úshk’i. Ét’i star’úshk’i srúb’it’ v pfv. chop. On drawá srúb’it ‘these old women’. Diminutive ‘He’s chopping wood’. from: star’úha. See: atrub’ít’. stat’ v pfv. get up, arise, stand. Ya stakán n. glass. See: st’ikl’ónay. útram rána stála ‘I (female) woke stal’ n. steel. up early’. On stal ‘He got up // n. staraná side, direction. W étu stóranu He stood up’. Pará stat ‘It’s time ‘ this way’. to get up’. Ya nazát stánu ‘I’ll get stárasta n. church warden; warden of back up’. Ya hachú stat ‘I want to the church. get up’. See ipfv: stayát’. See: ; . stáray adj. old. stáray réchka ‘old creek’. pastáw’it’ upast’ v ipfv. stáray réchka n. slough. Lit: ‘old creek’. stayát’ stand. On stayít ‘He’s standing’. Stawáy! ‘Stand up! Get up! (including from bed)’. Pa par’átk’i stayít’i! ‘Stand right!’ (said to more than one person). Ya n’i magú stayát’ ‘I can’t stand up’. Bal’shíya pálk’i stayát ‘Big stáray wéra n. old believers. sticks (such as fishtrap poles) are stárshiy adj. elder. Stárshiy brat ‘elder standing’. See pfv: stat’. brother’. Ya ad’ínatsat’ gadá See: pastáw’it’. stárshi iyó ‘I am eleven years sto num. hundred. Sto góda ‘hundred older than she’. years (old)’. star’ík n. old man; father. Éta moy star’ík stóyit’ v ipfv. cost, worth. Skól’ka éta ‘That is my old man’.

Usage: namely, my father - if said by a stóyit? ‘How much does it cost?’ . Usage: a man, or ‘my husband’ - if said by a N’i stóyit ‘No cost’ woman. See: star’úha. Ninilchik response to spas’íba ‘thank you’. See: n’i stóyit. star’úha n. woman of middle or old age; 95 DICTIONARY stok n. stack, haystack. plural stag’í. ‘When I was young I built a fish See: séna. trap’. Bal’shoy fábr’iku stróyil’i ‘They built a big cannery’. strop n. strap. strush n. wood plane. str’el’ít’ v ipfv. shoot. A htó str’él’il sahát? ‘Who shot the moose?’ Ya iwó str’él’il ‘I (male) shot him’. See

pfv: pastr’el’ít’. stol1 n. table. plural stalí. Na stal’é ‘on str’ítsa v ipfv. cut hair. See pfv: patstr’ítsa. the table’. stúd’in n. head cheese. stol2 n. stall; barn. Lashad’ín’iy stol stúkat’ v ipfv. hammer. On malatkóm ‘horse stall’. See: skótn’ik. stúkayit ‘He’s hitting (on stón’it’ v ipfv. moan, groan. On stón’it something) with a hammer’. ‘He moaned’. stúl’chik n. chair. plural stúl’chik’i. stradát’ v ipfv. suffer. Bédn’iya matróz’i stupát’ v ipfv. go away, step. Stupáy! ‘Go kak an’í stradál’i ‘The poor away!’ Spat stupáy! ‘Go to bed!’ sailors how they suffered’ (part Stupáy wódu dastán’! ‘Go get of a song). water!’ See: stupén’ka. strah n. fear. stupén’ka n. step, stair. plural stupén’k’i; n. stralúga work bench. variant stupénk’i. See: stupát’. n. straná country. st’id’ítsa v ipfv. be ashamed. Aná stráshna adv. scary. M’in’é stráshna ‘It’s st’id’ítsa ‘She is ashamed’. See: ; scary to me’. stráshnay st’igát’ v ipfv. hit with something (rope); bayátsa. swat. St’igáyut yiwó ‘(They) are adj. stráshnay scary. Aná stráshnaya hitting him with something’. Ya ‘She is scary’. Chiwóta stráshnay n’i st’igáyu yiwó ‘I am not hitting w’íd’ili ‘(We) saw something him’. St’igál ‘(He/she) was hitting See: ; . scary’. stráshna pugát’ (someone)’. See pfv: st’ignút’. n. strélka arrow. st’ignút’ v pfv. swat; hit with something. stróit’ v ipfv. construct; make; build. On On iwó tupól’n’ikam st’ignúl. Éta haróshay sadók stróyit ‘He prézhd’i tak d’élal’i ‘He hit him builds good (fish) traps’. Kadá ya with a switch’. N’et, moy at’ets bul maladóy ya sadók stróyil min’a st’ignul; on m’in’a adna 96 DICTIONARY

ras st’ignul – stupay pasud’i sukawátay adj. knotty. Sukawátay moy! ‘No, my father hit me; he d’ér’iwa ‘knotty wood’; hit me once - go do the dishes’. sukawátay / sukawátaya l’is’ína See ipfv: st’igát’. See: atparót’; ‘knotted tree’. shl’ópnut’. sumashéchay adj. insane; crazy. On adj. st’ikl’ónay glass. St’ikl’ónay bánka sumashéchay ‘He is insane’. See: . ‘glass jar’. stakán variant samaséchay. See: b’izúmnay. n. st’iná wall. sumatóha n. commotion. See: suitá. v ipfv. st’irát’ scrub, wash. Aná b’il’ó súmka n. bag, hunting bag. See: táska.

st’iráyit ‘She’s washing clothes’. sup n. soup. Ya sup k’ipyú ‘I’m boiling See pfv: w’íst’irat’. See: m’it’. soup’. R’íb’ishnay sup ‘fish n. ‘ Subóta Saturday. W subótu on soup’. Iz r’íb’i sup ‘fish soup’;

Saturday’. galófk’i sup ‘fish head soup’; súdark’i n. cramps. Súdark’i t’ánut ‘I r’íbachi sup ‘fish soup’. See: uhá. have got cramps’. Lit: ‘Cramps m’ás’i sup ‘soup with meat’.

are pulling’. Óchin’ ból’na… sustáf n. joint. plural sustáw’i. nóchyu súdark’i t’anúl’i… kadá swabóda n. freedom. See: wól’a. ya swayí nóg’i w’ít’anu – o-o-oy swabódnay n. boyfriend. ‘It hurts a lot ...when I had See: swabódnaya. cramps at night ... when I stretch n. girlfriend. Ya mayú my legs ... oh’. swabódnaya swabódnayu skucháyu ‘I miss my sud’yá n. judge. girlfriend’. See: swabódnay. suhár n. cracker. See diminutive: suhár’ik. swéchka n. candle. plural swéchk’i. suhár’ik n. cracker. Diminutive from: suhár. swet n. 1 • Earth; world. Swet krúglay suhóy adj. dry. suhóy d’ér’iwa ‘dry ‘The Earth is round’. Swet wood’. bal’shóy ‘The world is big’. suitá n. monkey business; excitement, 2 • light. See: swét’it’; sw’itló. commotion. Óchin mnóga suitá swétlay adj. shiny. Pl’itá swétlay ‘The ‘lots of commotion’. stove is shiny’. See: swét; swét’it’. See: sumatóha. v ipfv. suk n. tree knot; knot of tree. swét’it’ shine; illumine. Sóntsa Lit: plural súk’i. swét’it ‘It’s sunny’. ‘The sun is shining’. Luná swét’it ‘The súka n. bitch; mother dog. Súk’in s’in moon is shining’. Agón’ swét’it ‘son of a bitch’. See: sabáka; s’in.

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‘The fire is giving off light’. sw’in’yá n. pig. variant sw’in’á; Lámpa swét’it ‘The lamp is plural sw’in’ái, sw’in’í. See diminutive: shining’. An’í swét’ili ‘They were sw’in’ók. shining’ (for example, about sw’ishchén’ik n. priest. stars). See: swet. variant swashchén’ik. See: bát’ushka; . swézhay adj. fresh; freshly. Swézhay irey pasól’nay ‘freshly salted’. sw’itló adv. to have light. Na wúl’itsi swoy pro. own. Ya ushól r’ibáchit’ sa sw’itló ‘It’s light outside’. See: swet. swayím rad’ít’il’im ‘I went fishing with my relative’. T’i b’izhála sas sw’itóy adj. holy. sw’itóy wadá ‘holy swayím brat’? ‘Did you (female) water’. run with your brother?’ n. saint. On byl sw’itóy ‘He was a sw’in’éts n. lead; sinker. saint’. n. variant . sw’in’ók n. piglet; baby pig. Diminutive syókla beet. sw’ókla from: sw’in’yá. See: paras’ónak.

S’ - s’ s’ibé pro. self. Usage: myself, yourself, ‘I’m sitting’. An’í s’id’át ‘They are himself, herself, themselves. On sam sitting’. Ya ból’shi n’i hachú s’ibé gawar’ít ‘He’s talking to s’id’ét’ ‘I don’t want to be seated himself’. On sam sabóy gawar’ít anymore’. See pfv: sest’. See: sad’ítsa; ‘He’s talking to himself’. pasad’ít’. s’ichás adv. now, right now; Pr’áma s’igára n. cigar. s’ichás stupáy! ‘Go right away!’ s’ikúnta n. second. genitive s’ikúnt. See: t’ipér’i; chas. s’iló n. village; small town. Usage: not s’idóy adj. gray. plural s’idáya. U n’iwó known by all speakers. See: s’il’án’i; walasá s’id’íya ‘He has gray hair’. d’iréwn’a. See: ; . séray pas’id’ét’ s’il’án’i n. villagers. See: s’iló. v ipfv. ‘ s’id’ét’ sit. m’in’é trúdna s’id’ét’ It s’il’ónay r’íba n. salt fish.

is hard for me to sit’. T’i tóga See: sal’ónay; sol’. s’id’ísh ‘You are also sitting’. Ya s’izhú aná s’id’ít ‘She is sitting’. Ya s’id’ú ‘I’m sitting’. Ya s’izhú

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s’il’ótka n. herring. S’ir’idá n. Wednesday. variant S’iréda. s’ir’óshk’i n. earrings. Diminutive from: sér’g’i. s’istrá n. sister. plural s’óstra; dative s’istré; genitive s’istr’í. Mayá s’istrá ‘my sister’; iwónay s’istrá ‘his sister’;

mnóga s’óstra ‘many sisters’; s’im’iná n. seeds. variant samaná. S’im’iná palaw’ína s’istrá ‘half sister’.

rastút ‘The seeds are growing’. s’íta n. kitchen tool; sieve. Tsw’itóchk’ina s’im’iná ‘flower s’iwódn’i adv. today. S’iwódn’i m’in’é seeds’. S’im’iná i tsw’itk’í ‘seeds húda, záftr’i búd’it lúchi ‘Today and flowers’. is bad for me, tomorrow will be n. s’im’yá extended family, clan. better’. S’iwódn’i Woskr’isén’a Usage: . Not known by all speakers. Éta ‘Today is Sunday’. mayá s’imyá ‘This is my s’ómga n. steelhead. See: krásnay r’íba; extended family’. See: fam’íl’a. k’itá; k’ízhuch; chaw’ícha; garbúsha. s’in n. son. plural s’in’í. Moy s’in ‘my son’. Twoy s’in hwaráyit? ‘Is your son sick?’ Iwónay s’in mál’in’kay ‘His son is small’.

S’int’áp n. September. s’tignút’ v pfv. st’igál’it’. On iwó st’ignúl s’in’ák n. black and blue. tupól’n’ikam ‘He spanked him s’ín’ay adj. blue. S’ín’ay dom ‘blue with a switch’ (cottonwood twig). house’. See: galubóy; pas’in’ét’. s’yest’ v pfv. eat. s’yel karówu i b’iká ‘He s’ir n. cheese. has eaten a cow and a bull’. s’iratá n. orphan. plural s’irat’í. s’ird’ítay adj. mean. On s’ird’ítay ‘He is mean’. Sabáka s’ird’ítay ‘The dog is mean’. s’iróy adj. raw. S’iróy myása ‘raw meat’. s’ir’ibró n. silver.

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Sh - sh shágl’i n. gill. singular shágla. R’íb’ichi shár’ik n. ball, balloon. Sn’izhóy shár’ik shágl’i ‘snowball’. sháyka n. chamber pot; pee pot; potty can; honey bucket. Ya zabúla aprastát’ sháyku ‘I (female) forgot to dump the honey See: . bucket’. kál’uk shalkát’ v ipfv. crackle. Agón shalkáyit ‘The fire is crackling’. shamán n. shaman. See: shamán’it’ ’To have mischief, have a (musical) party’. shamán’it’ v ipfv. goofing off; being silly, being mischievous. Na shchasl’íway adj. lucky; happy. {Halloween} aní shamánut ‘They variant sasl’íway, schisl’íway. But’ play tricks on Halloween’. shchasl’íf! ‘Be happy!’ Shamánstwuyu ‘I am playing shchédray adj. generous. Aná tricks’. Shamánstwawal ‘(he) was shchédraya ‘She’s generous’. playing tricks’. See: shamán. See See: skupóy. pfv: pashamán’it’. shchórka n. washboard. shámsha n. homebrew. S’iwódn’a n. variant . búd’im p’it’ shamshú ‘Today (we) shchótka brush. s’ótka will drink homebrew’. See: makúla. shánkar n. syphilis. n. ‘ shápka hat. z’ímnay shápka warm shépka n. 1 • clothes peg. See: shp’íl’ka. (fur) hat’; bab’órnay shápka 2 • wood chip. plural shépk’i. ‘beaver hat’. See: shlyápa; kalpák. shers’t’ n. wool. shes’ num. six. variant shest’.

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shéya n. neck. Shéya slamálsa ‘The neck shirsháwan’kay adj. one that has broke’. Ya t’ibé kak w’int shéyu money. variant shirsháw’in’kay, ‘I’m going to (wring off) your sirsháwan’kuy. See: shirsháway. Usage: . neck as a screw’. Usage: said to a money chicken before killing it.. shirsháway adj. rough (to touch). See: . shigát’ v ipfv. walk. Wot m’i shigál’i, shirsháwan’kay shigál’i ‘We walked and walked, shíshka n. 1 • cone; plural shíshk’i. step after step’. 2 • hair bun; bump. shíksha n. crowberry. variant shíkshuk; shit’yó n. sewing. plural . See: . shíkshi chirn’íka shiw’ir’át’ v ipfv. be messy by throwing things around. N’i náda shiw’ir’át’! ‘Don’t be messy!’ on b’il’ó shiw’ir’áyit shkap n. chest, wardrobe, cupboard. plural shkáp’i.

shkáwa n. scow. shíla n. awl.

shípka adv. fast, much. See: hótka; bístra; shkóla n. school. Shkóla zwan’ít ‘The óchin. school is ringing (that is, the shipn’ík n. wild rose. See: ship’ín’i. school bell is ringing)’.

ship’ín’i n. thorns. See: shipn’ík. shirókay adj. wide. U n’iwó shirókay nos ‘He has a wide nose’. 101 DICTIONARY shkúra n. skin; hide; pelt; fur. shpár’it’ v ipfv. become hot. Usage: about plural shkúr’i. See: kózha; ragózha. the hot air in the sauna. shp’íl’ka n. pin; clothespin; toothpick, hairpin. plural shp’íl’k’i. See: shépka. shtan’í n. underpants. Galub’íyi shtan’í ‘blue jeans’. Muzhíchi shtan’í ‘Men’s underwear; long johns’. See: br’úk’i ’pants’; . shlyápa n. wide brimmed hat; fedora. pashtán’ik’i ’long johns’ See: shápka. shto 1 • pro. what. Éta shto? ‘What is shl’ákat n. sleet. plural shl’akatá. Id’ót this?’ Shto na stóla ? ‘What is on shl’ákat ‘It’s sleeting’. pádayit the table?’ Ya n’i pan’imáyu shto shl’ákat’ ‘It’s sleeting’. on gawar’ít ‘I do not understand shl’ópnut’ v pfv. smack. Ya t’ib’a what he is saying’. Shto t’i

shl’opnu ‘I will smack you’. d’élayish? ‘What are you doing?’ genitive . See: atparót’; zw’íznut’; nab’ít’; chiwó pab’ít’; st’ignút’. 2 • conj. that. shl’úpachka n. small boat; dinghy. shtób’i conj. so that; in order to. variant: . See: . plural schl’úpachk’i. M’i ta shtabí, shtop Manáh poem shl’úpachk’i spuskál’i, m’i shtorm n. ocean storm. Usage: not known Baránawa fstr’ichál’i ‘We let the by some speakers. See: búr’a. small boats down on water, we sht’iká n. cheek. variant schóka; were meeting Baranof’. plural sht’ók’i, schók’i. shnurók n. shoelace. plural shnurk’í. shúba n. 1 • parka; heavy fur coat. See: . sholk n. silk. pal’tó shórkat’ v ipfv. rub; make a noise while rubbing. Mayí bashmak’í shórkayut m’in’á // mayí padóshw’i ‘my boots rub // rub my heels’. l’is’ína shórkayit kr’íshu ‘the tree makes a noise rubbing at the roof’. Aná bil’ó shórkayit ‘she rubs the clothes’. 2 • warm blanket made of furs.

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shugá n. slush. W bal’shóy marós shugá shúpak’í n. shoe packs. singular shupák. d’élayitsa ‘Big frost makes slush ice (on the Inlet)’. See: sn’ék; l’ot.

Shwet n. Swede. plural Shwéd’i.

shw’í n. seams.

T - t tabák n. tobacco. tak pro. so. Wot tak ‘That’s the way it tabat’érka n. tobacco pouch. An’í is’. Ya tak dúmayu ‘I think so!’ See: . d’érzhat tabat’érku ... zawal’ít táha polózhat v tabat’érku ‘They have takóy pro. such; that kind. plural tak’íya. tobacco pouch and put the Chiwó éta takóy? ‘What kind is snoose into tobacco pouch’. it?’ Tak’íya ‘those kinds’. See: kasét. See: kakóy. tabóy pro. you. Ya s tabóy idú ‘I’m going takóyzha pro. same. See: tágzha; there with you’. On s tabóy padrugómu; takóy. payd’ót ‘He will go with you’. Táksabak n. Negro; black person. See: t’i; t’ibé; t’ib’á; twoy; w’i. variant dóks’ibaks. See: N’égra. táchka n. 1 • wheelbarrow. variant tár’ichka; talkát’ v ipfv. push. On talkáyit’ ‘He’s plural . táchk’i pushing (something)’. Talkáy! 2 • rolling toy. See: katúshka. ‘Push (it)!’ tadá pro. then. See: patóm; kadá. tal’n’ík n. willow. See: wérba; kust’í; wén’ik. tágzha pro. same. variant tákazhi. Tágzhi tam pro. there; over there; G’il’d’ís’, kak zd’es ‘same as here’. tam sn’ek na goré! ‘Look, there’s See: ; . takóyzha padrugómu snow on the mountain!’ Dom táha pro. like; thus; this way. Ya swayi tam ‘The house is over there’. rúk’i táha d’érzhu kadá ya s See: tut; támaka.

tabóy gawar’ú ‘I hold ("present")

my hands this way while I talk to you’. See: tak.

103 DICTIONARY támaka pro. over there. Chiwó támaka? ‘Don’t bring in the mud!’ ‘What’s over there?’ See: tam; See: pr’in’ist’í; tashchít’ ’bring; tútaka. carry; haul’. támbur n. crochet hook. See: p’órka. tashchít’ v ipfv. bring, carry. On wódu tapar’ísha n. axe handle. See: tapór. táshchit ‘He’s bringing water’. Tashchí iwó! ‘Carry him!’ See pfv: patashchít’. See: taskát’.

tapór n. axe. See: tapar’ísha.

tawár’ish n. friend, buddy, comrade. plural tawár’ishi. Ya ushól r’ibáchit’ sa swayím tawár’ishum ‘I went tárachka n. tart, little pie. plural tárachk’i. fishing with my friends’. See: druh. See: p’irazhók. táyit’ v ipfv. melt. Sn’ek táyit ‘The snow tarap’ítsa v ipfv. rush. On tarap’ítsa ‘He’s is melting’. Sn’ek id’ót, fs’o táyit rushing’. N’i náda tarap’ítsa! ‘Snow is falling, and melting’. See ‘Don’t hurry!’ Tarap’ís’! ‘Hurry!’ pfv: rastáyit’. On taróp’itsa ‘He’s rushing’. táyshi n. dried fish tails. An’í pakúshal’i tarbasá n. inner part of winter boots. táyshi ‘They are eating dried tarbushína n. tripe. fish’. Ya tagdá tаyshú tózhi tarélka n. plate. zd’élаyu ‘I’m going to make tár’ichka n. rolling toy. variant táchka. taysha too’. See: yúkala; balík; See: katúshka. chíkalin. tasawát’ v ipfv. shuffle. Tasawát kart’i tipér’icha adv. now. T’ipér’icha on r’íbu ‘shuffle the cards’. sab’irát’ ‘Now he (went to) See: . táska n. packboard; backboard. collect fish’. t’ipér’i Ruzhyó, moy táska i tapór ‘Gun, tok n. current. Pastayánay tok ‘direct my packboard and axe’. current’ (electricity); p’ir’iménay See: súmka. tok ‘alternating current’. taskát’ v ipfv. bring. On mn’é fs’idá r’íbu tólstay adj. thick. taskáyit ‘He always brings me fish’. N’i náda gl’ínu taskát!

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tól’ka prt. only. variant tóyka. Tól’ka dóma trus n. coward. Trus, on fs’o bayítsa ‘only at home’. Tóyka n’i baís’! ‘Coward, he is scared of ‘Don’t be scared!’ everything’. tónkay rubáshka n. t-shirt. tr’ápka n. rag; cloth. plural tr’ápk’i; variant tónkaya rubáshka. variant trápka. See diminutive: . tón’in’kay adj. thin, skinny. On trápachka tón’in’kay ‘He is skinny’. tr’i num. three. tópkay adj. spongy. tr’inátsat num. thirteen. tót’a n. aunt. variant t’ótka. Mayá t’ót’a tr’ísat’ num. thirty. ‘my aunt’. tr’isén’a n. shaking; quaking. See: . tózha adv. also; too. Spas’iba t’ibé tózha zámatr’isén’a ‘Thank you to you also’. Ya tózha tr’iská n. cod. chórnaya tr’iská ‘black hachú ‘I want to also’. variant tóha. cod’. Ya tóha paydú ‘I will go also’. On tózha Rúskiy znáyit ‘He knows Russian too’. trak n. truck. Na trák’i ‘by truck’. trap n. ladder. See: l’ésn’itsa. tsar n. king, czar. plural tsar’í, sar’í; trápachka n. wash rag; towel. variant sar. Usage: for some speakers Diminutive from: tr’ápka. used for the king in a deck of cards. See: karól’i. trawá n. grass. See: séna. tsarápat’ v ipfv. steal, thieve, rob. trayn’ik n. triplet. plural trayn’ik’í. sabirayut den’gi... den’gi tréf’i n. clubs - a card suite. tsarapayut! ‘(they) collect money, singular tréfa. they steal them’. See: pakast’ít’. trétay num. third. tsélay adj. entire, whole. Tsélay l’éta ‘the trubá n. stove pipe; chimney. See whole summer’; tsélay kúcha diminutive: trúpka. M’ir’ikántsi ‘a whole bunch of adv. trúdna with difficulty; hard. Imú Americans’. trúdna had’ít’ ‘It’s difficult for tsep n. chain. him to walk’. trúpka n. pipe. L’íman’ina trúpka ‘Leman’s pipe’ (Joe Leman Sr.’s pipe). Diminutive from: trubá.

105 DICTIONARY tsipl’ónak n. chick. plural tsipl’ónk’i; túndrachka n. small swamp. Diminutive variant s’ipl’ónak. U kúr’i from: túndra. s’ipl’ónak. The hen has a chick. túnta n. poop, feces, droppings. See: kúra. Usage: not only animals; also used . tswet n. color. Kakówa tswéta? ‘What when speaking to children Éta color is it?’ sahát’ina túnta ‘Those are moose droppings’. See: gawnó; sráka. tsw’itóchka n. flower. plural tsw’itóchk’i. Diminutive from: tsw’itók. Tsw’itóchk’ina s’im’iná ‘flower seeds’. tsw’itók n. flower. variant sw’itók; plural sw’itk’í, tsw’it’í, See diminutive.

tsw’itóchka. tubíts n. 25 cents; quarter. tupól’ina n. cottonwood. tupól’n’ik n. cottonwood patch, alder patch. tupóy adj. dull. Éta nózhik tupóy ‘This knife is dull’. See: wóstray. tur’íst n. tourist. plural tur’íst’i. tus n. ace. variant tup. túcha n. cloud. plural túchi. Dazhn’íya tut pro. here. Aná tut ‘She’s here’. túchi ‘rain clouds’. See: ablaká. See: d’es’; tam; tútaka. tudá pro. to there. See: tut; kudá. tútaka pro. here. See: támaka; tut. túga adv. hard, tight. Yimú túga twarók n. cottage cheese. ‘ papálas’ He is in a tight spot’. twayá pro. your (feminine). plural twayí. See: ; . túgay ftugúyu Twayá bábushka ‘your grandma’. túgay adj. tight; variant tugóy. Mayí plát’a Éta twayá s’istrá ‘That is your tug’íya ‘my dresses are tight’. sister’. See: t’i; twoyí. See: slábay; túga; ftugúyu. twayí pro. your. singular twoy, twayá. Twayí tumán n. fog. bashmak’í ‘your shoes’; twayí túndra n. flat; swamp; muskeg. See karów’i ‘your cows’. diminutive: . See: túndrachka W’ídr’inay twoy pro. your (masculine). plural twayí. . túndra Twoy at’éts ‘your father’; twoy

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bashmák ‘your shoe’. Éta n’i t’ichén’a n. current. variant chut’én’a. twoy! ‘That is not yours!’ See: t’i; Usage: Variant is not used by some . twayá; wáshiy. speakers

T’ - t’ t’an’út’ v ipfv. pull; drag. On t’án’it ‘He is kn’ígu dal? ‘Did he give you a dragging (something)’. On book?’ See: t’i; t’ib’á; tabóy; twoy; w’irófku t’án’it ‘He is pulling on w’i. the rope’. Sabáka nárd’i t’án’it t’ib’á pro. you, your. Kakóy u t’ib’á ‘The dog is pulling the sled’. pagóda? ‘How’s your weather?’ See: d’órgat’. See: t’i; t’ibé; tabóy; twoy; w’i. t’ápnut` v pfv. to work with a hoe. Náda t’ihastúptsi n. slippers. Lit: ‘soft- ishó kúchk’i t’ápnut’ ‘We need to steppers’. See: nad’iwáshk’i. work more with a hoe’. Usage: not used by some speakers. t’éla n. body; flesh. U m’in’é t’éla t’ik’ót’ v ipfv. leak, drip. variant t’ichót. zud’ítsa ‘I’m itchy’. Lit: ‘I have T’ik’ót ‘(It is) leaking’. Próshliy body itching’. U t’ibé t’éla god kr’ísha t’ok ‘Last year the bl’édnay? ‘Is your skin pale?’ roof was leaking’. t’en n. shadow. t’il’igrám n. telegram. t’erm’in’ít’ v pfv. turn around. T’erm’in’í! t’il’ónak n. calf. ‘Turn around!’ t’imnatá n. darkness. See: t’imn’ét’; ; . t’ésta n. dough. Éta... patóm, kahdá an’i t’ómna t’ómnay pastáw’ut kwashn’u, patóm t’imn’ét’ v ipfv. darken; get dark. t’ésta... kahdá {it’s all fin’ished}... T’imn’éyit ‘It’s getting dark’. tadá t’ésta ‘It becomes dough See: t’ómna; t’ómnay. See pfv: . when it is all finished’ pat’imn’ét’ (explaining the meaning of the t’inút’ v ipfv. tug; pull. T’i swoy úshu word kwáshn’a). See: kwashn’á. t’án’ish ‘You’re tugging on your t’i pro. you. plural w’i. Kak t’i ear’. pazhiwáyish? ‘How are you?’ t’ipér’i adv. now; immediately. An’í See: t’ibé; tabóy; twoy. raspór’il’is’, t’ipér’i an’í n’i t’ibé pro. you. On t’ibé n’i znáyit ‘He gawar’átsa ‘They got in an doesn’t know you’. On t’ibé argument, now they aren’t

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talking to each other’. Ya t’ipér’i kómnata ‘dark (poorly lit) room’. húda slúshayu ‘I cannot hear well See diminutive: t’ómn’in’kay. now’. See: s’ichás; t’ipér’icha. See: t’imn’ét’; t’imnatá; chórnay; t’ómna. t’ipló adv. warm. M’in’é t’ipló ‘I am adj. warm’. Tútaka t’ipló ‘It’s warm t’ómn’in’kay dark. On t’ómn’in’kay Diminutive from: . here’. Yimú fs’idá hóladna, ‘He’s dark’. t’ómnay See: ; ; ; m’in’é fsidá t’ipló ‘He is always t’ómna t’imnatá t’imn’ét’ chórnay. cold, (and) I am always warm’. adj. ‘ See: t’óplay; zhárka; hóladna. t’óplay warm. T’óplay d’en’ warm day’. See: t’ipló. t’irpén’a n. patience. U n’ey mnóga n. variant . t’irpén’a ‘Not much patience’. t’órka washboard; st’órka Ya See: t’érp’it’. tóha past’ílk’i st’irála... na t’órk’i ‘ t’irpét’ v ipfv. endure; be patient. t’érp’it I also washed diapers on a

‘endures’ (pain, or misery). washboard’. See: t’irpén’a. t’ótka n. aunt. variant t’ót’a. T’ótk’ina dom ‘ t’ít’ka n. breast; nipple. plural t’ít’k’i. Auntie’s house’. Eta t’ótk’ina See: núshk’i. s’in ‘This is (my) aunt’s son’. ‘ t’izhólay adj. heavy. On t’izhólay ‘He’s Mayá t’ót’a my aunt’. Aná mayá ‘ See: . heavy’. M’in’é s’iwódn’i t’izhiló ‘I t’ótka She is my aunt’. d’ád’a felt heavy today’. antonym l’óhkay. t’úhl’i n. women’s shoes; dress shoes; singular ; t’ómna adv. dark. Tut t’ómna ‘It’s dark high heels. t’úhla variant t’úfl’i. See: bashmák; kalbak’í. here’. See: t’ómnay; t’imn’ét’. t’ómnay adj. dark; On t’ómnay ‘He’s very dark’ (dark-skinned). T’ómn’iya glazá ‘dark eyes’; t’ómnay

U - u u prep. At: other translations in dom ‘I have a house’. U ey yes’ different constructions. U nas dom ‘She has a house’. U n’iwó n’imnóga ‘We don’t have much’ Rúsk’iya úshi ‘He has Russian (for example, not much snow). ears’. Kakóy u t’ibé pagóda? ‘How’s úbat’ v pfv. tide go out; decrease. On your weather? Lit: ‘What is the úb’il ‘(The tide) went out’. See weather at yours’. U m’in’é yes’ ipfv: ubuwát’. See: pr’íbat’.

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ubórnay n. bathroom. See: núzhn’ik; úd’ichka n. fishhook; hook. bórn’ita. Usage: not used by some variant údachka. . speakers úd’it’ v ipfv. angle. Úd’it ‘(he) angles’. v pfv. ubrát’ put away. Ya ubrál ‘I put úgal n. corner. plural ugalí. (them) away’. úgal’ n. coal. plural ugl’á; úgal’i. On úgal’ v ipfv. ubuwát’ tide go out; decrease. sab’iráyit ‘He’s picking up See Ubuwáyit ‘It’s going out’. (gathering) coal’. Stupáy pfv: . See: ; úbat’ pr’ibawl’át’ rashkrashí úgal’! ‘Go crush the pr’ibuwát’. coal!’ (into small enough pieces v pfv. ub’ít’ kill. Ya saháta ub’íl ‘I killed a for the stove). Ishó úgal’ palósh!

moose’. Ya iwó ub’yú ‘I am ‘Put some more coal in (the

killing him’ (for example, a fly). stove)!’ v pfv. ub’izhát’ run away; flee. On uhá n. broth. A htó z’iwáyit uhú See ub’izhál ‘He ran away’. hl’ibáyit ‘Whoever is slow at the ipfv: . b’izhát’ dinner table will slurp only v ipfv. uchítsa learn; study. On úchitsa, broth’. See: sup. on búd’it bát’ushka ‘He’s uhód’it’ v pfv. go. Kudá t’i ushól? ‘Where See studying to be a priest’. did you go?’ Ya ushól damói ‘I pfv: nauchítsa. See: uchít’; (male) went home’. See: it’í. uchít’il’n’itsa. ukrát’ v pfv. steal. Ya n’i ukrála ‘I uchít’il’n’itsa n. female teacher. (female) didn’t steal (it)’. Ya balík See: uchít’il’; uchít’, uchítsa, ukrál ‘I (male) stole smoked nauchítsa. salmon’. See: pakast’ít’. uchít’ v ipfv. teach. Aná mn’é // m’in’á úksus n. vinegar. úchit ‘She’s teaching me’. Aná n. variant , mn’é úchit parúsk’i ‘She’s ukúd’ik bumble bee. úkad’ák yúkadak; plural ukúd’ik’i, ukad’ák’i. teaching me Russian’. Máma, ‘ chiwó t’i nas n’i uchíla parúsk’i? Ukúd’ik’ina gn’izdó bee’s nest

‘Mama, why didn’t you teach us (bee hive)’. Ukad’ák m’in’á atkus’íl ‘A bumble bee bit me’. U Russian?’ See: uchítsa; nauchítsa. vas tam ukad’ák’i skóra búdut uchít’il’ n. teacher. See: uchít’il’n’itsa. ‘You will soon get there bumble uchónay adj. educated. Uchónay bees’. chalawék ‘educated person’. See: úmnay.

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úl’itsa n. outside. variant úl’isa. Na úl’itsi got tired’. T’i ustál’ish? ‘Are you ‘outside of the house’ Lit: ‘on the tired?’ Ya ustáyu ‘I’m tired’. M’i street’. See: wnutré; na wúl’itsi. ustál’i ‘We got tired’. Ízhi ya um n. mind. búdu rabótat’ ya ustánu ‘If I will work I will get tired’. úmadak n. salted slightly smoked fish. variant úmarak. ús’a n. river mouth; mouth of river. úmnay adj. smart. Úmnay chalawék ‘smart person’. See: uchónay. um’irát’ v ipfv. die (about people). An’í um’iráyut ‘They are dying’. Chalawék um’iráyit ‘(This) man is us’í n. facial hair; moustache. dying’. See pfv: um’irét’. See: baradá. See: ; . pam’irát’ prapadát’ us’nóy adj. related to ears. v pfv. um’irét’ die (about people). On úsha n. ear. plural úshi. Bal’shíya úshi

úm’ir ‘He died’. Aná um’irlá ‘She ‘big ears’; krásn’iya úshi ‘red ‘ died’. N’i hat’él um’irét’ (He) did ears’; mál’in’k’iya úshi ‘small See ipfv: . not want to die’. um’irát’ ears’. U n’iwó Rúsk’iya úshi ‘He See: prapást’; pam’irát’; pam’irét’. has Russian ears’. v pfv. upást’ fall. On upál ‘He fell down’. ushín n. pitcher. See: stat’. ushiwát’ v ipfv. take in (clothes). An’í adj. upórnay stubborn. On upórnay ‘He ushiwál’i ‘They were taking the See: . is stubborn’. górday clothes in’. v pfv. uran’ít’ drop; let down. Uran’í ushkó n. needle eye. pép’il’! ‘Shake the ashes down! utanut’ v pfv. drown. On utanúl ‘He (in the stove)’. Ya iwó uran’íla ‘I drowned’. Astarózhna, t’i (female) dropped it’. mózhish utanút’ ‘Watch out, you v pfv. usnút’ go to sleep. Ya usnúl ‘I may drown’. On uton’ót // (male) went to sleep’. See utón’it ‘He will drown’. ipfv: spat’. útka n. duck. See: gagára. usób’inay adj. separate; special. Éta útra n. morning. Dóbraya útra! ‘Good palózh w usób’inay méstu ‘Put morning!’ See: útram. this in a separate place’. útram in the morning. adv. Ya útram ustát’ v pfv. get tired. Ya ustál ‘I (male) rána fstála ‘I (female) woke up got tired’. Ya ustála ‘I (female) early’. See: útra.

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ut’ós n. bluff; cliff. variant uchós. See: gará; úzn’ikuy adj. narrow. variant úz’in’kuy, bugór. úz’inkay. See: Úz’inkay Túndra. ut’úk n. iron; flat iron. genitive ut’ugá; úz’il n. knot. variant úzhil; plural uz[i]lí. Éta plural ut’uk’í. Dwa ut’ugá ‘two n’ítka pólan úz’il ‘This thread is irons’. Ya n’e l’ubl’ú ut’úk full of knots’. tugóy úz’il ‘tight d’irzhát’ ‘I don’t like to work knot’. See: . with an iron’. glád’it’ úzhin n. supper. See: úzhnat’. úzhnat’ v ipfv. eat supper; Ya úzhnayu ‘I am eating supper’. See: úzhin.

W - w wadá n. water. Sw’itóy wadá ‘holy wad’ánka n. water tank. water’; glubókay wadá ‘deep waíst’inu adv. ‘ water’; pólnay wadá high tide’. 1 • indeed. Waíst’inu woskrés Wadá dashól ‘The water came ‘Indeed he is risen’. . up’ On wódu táshchit ‘He’s 2 • honestly. Ya t’ibé wayíst’inu

bringing water’. On wódu chirpál skazála ‘I told you (this) . ‘He dipped water’ Mn’é zhárka, honestly’. See: yíst’ina. ya hachú wódu p’it’ ‘I’m hot, I walantáshka n. valentine. want to drink water’. walasá n. hair. singular wólas. Bélaya wadapát’ n. waterfall. walasá ‘white hair’; chórn’iya walasá ‘black hair’. Iyónay walasá kudráw’iya ‘Her hair is curly’. U n’iwó krásn’iya walasá ‘He has red hair’. Iwónay walasá n’e bul’i s’id’íyi ‘His hair were not gray’. Mayí walasá kasmát’iya; ya íh atrézhu ‘My hair is unruly; I’m going for a trim’.

111 DICTIONARY walná n. wave. See: burún. wáshiy pro. your (many). Wáshiy dom wám’i pro. On sas wám’i b’izhál? ‘Did he bal’shóy ‘Your (many) house is

run with you?’ (plural) See: w’i; big’. Éta wáshiy bashmak’í? ‘Are wáshiy; t’i. these your (many) shoes?’ See: w’i; t’i; twoy; twayá. waratn’ík n. collar. wáta n. cotton. warazhít’ v ipfv. bring something on; v ipfv. bring something to pass. N’i wazhimát’ wring (clothes). náda warazhít’! ‘Don’t bring it to wayawát’ v ipfv. fight at war. Saldát chtop pass!’ wéchna wayawát’ ‘A soldier (is See: . warchát’ v ipfv. be grouchy. On gón’ay to) always fight’. drátsa táka warchÍt… éta aná! ‘He is wayná n. war. On ushól na wayná // na always grouchy (no), it’s her!’ waynú ‘He went to war’. Ya warén’a n. jam; jelly; berry preserves; pómn’u kadá ftoróy wayná náchilsa ‘I remember when warnák n. thief; robber. plural warnak’í. . See: pákas’. Second (World) war began’ n. widow. waróna n. crow; raven. wdówa n. evening. Óchin’ haróshay war’ítsa v ipfv. cook (itself). On war’ílsa wéchir na pl’it’é ‘it was being cooked on wéchir ‘(It is) a very nice evening’ . the stove’. (usually about the weather) See: noch; wéchiram; pad wéchir; war’ít’ v ipfv. cook. Aná war’ít ‘She’s mal’útka poem. cooking’. Chiwó t’i war’ísh? wéchiram adv. in the evening. Wéchiram ‘What are you cooking?’ m’i úzhinayim, nóchyu m’i sp’im v pfv. to rise (from dead). waskrésnut’ ‘We have supper in the evening, Hr’istós waskrés! ‘Christ is we (go to bed and) sleep at risen!’ Wayíst’inu waskrés! night’. See: pad wéchir; wéchir. ‘Indeed he is risen!’ wéchna adv. eternally; all the time. Waskr’isén’a n. Sunday. S’iwódn’i Saldat chtop wéchna wayawát’ ‘A Waskr’isén’a ‘Today is Sunday’. soldier (is to) always fight’. See: waskrés. See: manáh poem; fs’idá. wasp’itát’ v pfv. raise; rear. M’i iwó wéna n. vein. plural wén’i. Raspúhl’i wén’i wasp’itál’i ‘We raised him’. ‘swollen veins’. See: nán’it’.

n. . wastók east

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wén’ik n. switch; sauna switch. wlad’íka n. bishop. See: arhiréy; manáh. plural wén’ik’i. See: wérba; wérbachka; tal’n’ík. wéra n. belief. See: wér’it’. wérba n. willow. See diminutive: wérbachka. See: kust; tal’n’ík. wérbachka n. pussy willow bouquet; pussy willow. plural wérbachk’i.

Diminutive from: wérba. See: wérba; adv. kust. wmést’i together. An’í wmést’i s’id’át ‘They are sitting together’. wnutré prep. inside; indoors. Wnutré damú ‘inside the house’. See: na wúl’itsi. wólka n. wolf. plural wólk’i. See: Wólchi

Túndra. wér’it’ v ipfv. believe. Ya iwó wér’u ‘I believe him’. See: wéra. wéstoway n. western. Wéstoway wét’ir ‘western wind’. wéshatsa v ipfv. hang. On na n’ís wól’a n. freedom. Ya w’íshal na wól’u ‘I wéshayitsa ‘It’s hanging down’. got freedom’. See: swabóda. wéshchi n. things; belongings. wómarak n. faint. wet’ prt. still. Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl, wóstray adj. sharp. Éta nózhik wóstray ya wet’ t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl. ‘I will ‘This knife is sharp’. See: tupóy; never forget you ‘. zawastr’ít’. wét’ir n. wind. plural w’itrá, See diminutive. wós’im’ num. eight. . ‘ w’it’irók l’óhkay wét’ir light wóshka n. louse. plural wóshk’i. Wóshk’ina ‘ breeze; nórdway wét’ir northern (y)iytsó ‘nit’ Lit: ‘louse’s egg’. wind’; s’ódway wét’ir ‘southern wot prt. here. Usage: ’here’ indicates wind’; óstway wét’ir ‘eastern something like surprise. Wot, éta wind; chinook’. S’iwódn’i wét’ir zanóza! ‘Here, this (person) is a ‘It is wind today’. See: parus’ít’. splinter!’ Wot m’in’é w’is’iló ‘Oh, 113 DICTIONARY

I’m so happy’. Wot tak ‘That’s wrém’a n. time. M’in’é wrém’a n’étu ‘I the way it is’. Wot tam ‘Over don’t have time’ (for something). there’. Wot tam bil’ó wéshayut See: chas. ‘ They hang clothes over there’. wulkán n. volcano. plural wulkán’i. n. wótka vodka; whiskey. wunútrinast’ n. guts; interior. n. See: . wrák’i rumors, lies. skáska wz’at’ v pfv. take. Ya étu waz’mú ‘I’ll take wral’ n. liar. it’. Ya hachú étu wz’at’ ‘I want to ‘ wrat’ v ipfv. lie. Ya wru ‘I’m lying’. On take that’. On yiwó wz’al He

m’in’é drugóy rás wr’ót took him’. Pazhálasta waz’mí ‘ ‘Sometimes he lies to me’. See m’in’á s sabóy na láydu Please pfv: sawrát’. take me with you to the beach’. See: pr’in’imát’.

W’ - w’ w’i pro. you (plural); you (singular food’. W’íbras’i yiwó! ‘Get rid of formal). Gd’é w’i id’ót’i? ‘Where him!’ Gr’áznaya b’il’ó mózhna are you going?’ Ya s wam’i idú w’íbras’it; an’í stáraya shípka .. ‘I’m going there with you’. On abarwát’iya ‘One can throw away sas wám’i b’izhál? ‘Did he run dirty clothes; (if) it is very old, with you?’ Ya s wam’i paydu ‘I ragged’. Ya záftr’a w’íbrasu ih … will go with you’. Eta washiy ét’i hud’íya shtúk’i ‘Tomorrow I cara ? ‘Is this your car?’ Ya wam will throw them away, these bad, dam r’ibu ‘I will give you fish’. spoiled things’. W’i hochit’i chay ? ‘Do you want See pfv: w’ibrásawat’. See: brós’it’. tea?’ See: t’i; wáshiy. w’íchist’it’ v pfv. clean. W’íchist’il w’ibrásawat’ v ipfv. throw away; get rid ‘cleaned up’ (masc). W’íchist’i!

of; discard. Ya n’i l’ubl’ú ‘Clean up!’ T’i swoyí bashmak’í w’ibrásawat’ píshchu ‘I don’t like w’íchist’ila? ‘Did you (female) See ipfv: . to throw away food’. clean your shoes?’ chíst’it’ See: . See pfv: w’íbras’it’. chístay w’íbras’it’ v pfv. throw away; get rid of; w’idát’ v ipfv. see. On yih w’idál ‘He saw

discard. Ya mnóga p’ísht’u them’. Ya n’ichiwó n’i w’idál ‘I w’íbras’ila, ispórchinay p’ísht’u ‘I (male) didn’t see anything’. See: ; . have thrown away food - rotten w’íd’it’ gl’id’ét’ 114 DICTIONARY

w’ídra n. otter. plural w’ídr’i. See: marskóy w’ihódnaya adj. pregnant. w’ídra. Lit: ‘something will come out of w’idró n. bucket. plural w’yódra. her’. Aná w’ihódnaya ‘She is w’íd’irnut’ v pfv. pull out; weed. On moy pregnant’. zup w’íd’irnul ‘He pulled out my w’íkapat’ v pfv. dig up. On garót tooth’. Ya hachú makréts w’íkapal, patóm on (a)garót w’íd’irnut’ ‘I want to pull out the pasad’íl ‘He dug up the garden, chickweed’. See ipfv: d’órgat’. then he planted it’. See ipfv: kapát’. w’íd’it’ v ipfv. see. On iwó w’íd’il ‘He saw w’íkrashinay adj. painted; colored. him’. Ya m’idwéd’a w’íd’ila ‘I Kakóy twoy dom w’íkrashinay? (female) saw a bear’. Ya iyó ‘What color is your house?’ Lit: w’ízhu ‘I see her’. On yiwó w’íd’it ‘How is your house painted?’ Eta ‘He sees him’. Ya n’i hachú yiwó dom w’íkrashinay ‘This house is w’íd’it’ ‘I don’t want to see him’. painted’. See: w’íkrashit’; kráska. See: ; . w’idát’ gl’id’ét’ w’íkrashit’ v pfv. paint, color. Kakóy w’ihad’ít’ v ipfv. come out. Sóntse kráskay t’i swoy dom w’íkrashil? w’ihód’it ‘The sun is coming ‘What color did you paint your out’. See: pad’imátsa; zakat’ítsa. house?’ On yiwó w’íkrashil ‘ w’ihad’ít’ v ipfv. come out. On w’ihód’it krásn’im kráskay He painted it

‘He’s coming out (of with red color’. M’i yiwó záftr’a ‘ something)’. w’íkrashim Wi will paint it tomorrow’. See ipfv: kráshit’. w’ihahál’ n. muskrat; land otter. See: w’íkrashinay; kráska. Antóshka w’ihahál’, Antóshka v pfv. garnastáy! ‘Antone muskrat, w’íkupatsa take a bath; go swimming. Mózhna z’imóy kadá Antone weasel!’ Usage: Humorous song about a man named Antone hóchish it’í w’íkupatsa ‘One can Olsen. go swimming in winter whenever you want!’ w’ik’idawat’ v ipfv. throw away; discard; (they) were throwing. Ya yih w’ik’idáyu ‘I am discarding them’. w’ik’idáyit ‘(He/she) discards (it)’. w’ik’ídawal’i. See pfv: w’ík’inat’.

115 DICTIONARY w’ík’inat’ v pfv. throw (away, out). Mór’ya w’ip’iwát’ v ipfv. drink; drink alcohol. Aná w’ík’inul úgal’ ‘The sea brought w’ip’iwála ‘She drank’. See: on in the coal’. On w’ík’inul úgal’ w’íp’ifshiy; p’it’. ‘He threw coal away’. See w’írugatsa v pfv. swear; curse. On ipfv: w’ik’ídawat’. w’írugalsa ‘He swore’. See: rugát’. w’ík’is’it’ v pfv. comb. Stupáy swoyí w’írwat’ v pfv. vomit. On w’írwal ‘He walasá w’ík’is’i! ‘Go comb your vomited’. On w’írwayit ‘He will hair!’ vomit’. Ya hachú w’írwat’ ‘I feel w’ílka n. fork. plural w’ílk’i. sick’. See: r’yóta. n. w’il’ét’ v ipfv. tell; order; request. N’i w’ir’ófka rope; clothesline. Dl’ínay w’il’él’i parúsk’i ‘(They) did not w’ir’ófka ‘long rope’. Pawés na allow speaking in Russian’. w’ir’ófk’i! ‘Hang them on the rope!’ (clothesline) Atrésh w’ímachit’ v pfv. wet; urinate; pee. On w’ir’ófku! ‘Cut the rope!’ An’í kóyku w’ímachil ‘He wet the w’ir’ófku zaw’izál’i ‘They tied the bed’. See ipfv: mochít’.

See: pamachít’; mókray. rope’. Ya w’ir’ófku d’órgayu ‘I’m pulling on the rope’. See: prád’ifka. w’ímatsa v pfv. wash oneself. See ipfv: w’iskakát’ v ipfv. jump; hop. w’íd’i m’ítsa. W’ímaysa! ‘Wash (up)!’ See: m’ít’; w’ím’it’. w’iskakát! ‘Come on, go jumping!’ See: skakát’. w’ímat’ v pfv. wash. See ipfv: m’ít’. W’ímay n. See: . pasúd’i! ‘Wash the dishes!’ Ya w’islo oar; paddle. gr’ibók n. w’ímala ‘I (female) washed it’. w’isná spring (season); breakup. See: m’ítsa; w’ímatsa. See: ós’in’. adj. w’ínagrat n. grapes. w’isókay tall; high. On w’isókay ‘He is tall’. Aná w’isókaya ‘She is w’inawát adj. guilty. Ya n’i w’inawát shto tall’. L’is’ína w’isókay ‘The tree is t’ibé chirnaókuyu ból’shi chem tall’. See: karótkay. dúshu l’ubl’ú ‘I am not guilty that I love you, dark-eyed one, w’íst’irat’ v pfv. scrub; wash. Aná more than my soul’. w’íst’irayit ‘She will wash the w’inó n. wine. clothes’. W’íst’iray b’il’ó! ‘Scrub the clothes!’ See ipfv:st’irát’. w’intófka n. rifle. See: m’it’. w’íp’ifshiy adj. drunk. On w’íp’ifshiy ‘He w’is’í n. scales. is drunk’. See: w’íp’iwat’.

116 DICTIONARY

w’is’iló adv. happy. Wot m’in’é w’is’iló w’izát’ v ipfv. knit; crochet. Ya w’izhú ‘I ‘Oh, I’m so happy’. am knitting (or crocheting)’. Aná w’ís’ipat’ v pfv. dump; empty. W’ís’ipay w’izáyit ‘She is knitting (or

pép’il’! ‘Empty the ashes!’ crocheting)’. Ya lyubl’ú w’izát’ ‘I See: aprastát’; pustóy. like to knit’. See: w’ishiwát’. w’ishiwát’ v ipfv. embroider. Aná w’izd’é pro. everywhere. W’izd’é húda w’ishiwáyit ‘She is ‘It’s bad everywhere’. Aná embroidering’. See: w’izát’. w’izd’é gul’áyit! ‘She’s visiting w’íshka n. second floor; upstairs. na everywhere!’ w’íshk’i ‘upstairs’. w’izhidát’ v ipfv. wait. On w’izhidáyit See: . w’itachít’ v pfv. sharpen. An’í w’ítachil’i ‘He’s waiting’. dazhidát’ z’il’ézu ‘They were sharpening w’izhimát’ v ipfv. wring. Aná b’il’ó metal’. An’í s’idá nózhik w’izhimáyit ‘She’s wringing out w’ítachil’i ‘They always the clothes’. Ya fchirá ih sharpened a knife’. w’izhimála ‘I was wringing it w’ítr’ihn’ut’ v pfv. shake off (clothes, yesterday’. Tr’ápk’i mózhna ‘ carpets). W’ítr’ihn’i! ‘Shake it off!’ w’izhimát’ One can wring mop

W’ítr’ihn’i twoyí b’il’ó! ‘Shake off rags’. your clothes!’ w’iyigrát’ v pfv. win. On w’íyigrayit ‘He’s See: . w’it’irók n. light wind. Diminutive winning’. pat’ir’át’ from: wét’ir. w’íyt’i v pfv. go out (of some place). Ya w’íwark’i n. coffee grounds. w’íshal na wól’u ‘I got freedom’. See ipfv: w’ihad’ít’. See: it’í; had’ít’.

Y - y ya pro. I. Ya znáyu. I know (it). Ya many berries’. Na túndrachk’i, pamagáyu. ‘I'm helping’. na túndr’i yágad’i ‘Berries (grow) See: m'in'é; mnoy; moy; m'i. in the tundra’. yáblak n. apple. yákar n. anchor. plural: yákar'í. See: . yágada n. berry. plural: yágad'i. Ízhi nakar'ú mnóga yágad'i? ‘Are there lots of yáma n. hole; pit; plural: yám'i. Yáma berries?’ M'i fs'idá mnóga yágad'i glubókay ‘The hole is deep’. sab'irál'i ‘We were always picking See: d'irá.

117 DICTIONARY yarma n. yoke. Usage: not all users know the you going to eat?’ Ya búdu yis' word. See: karam'ísla. káshka s ét'im ‘I will eat bread yástr'ip n. hawk. and milk with it’. M'ása n'i yid'át káda post ‘Meat is not eaten yáshchik n. box. variant: yáshik. See: kartús. during Lent’. See pfv: payés'. yézd'it' v ipfv. ride. On na lóshid'i/On na See: kúshat'. lóshada yézd'it ‘He's riding the Yiwráshka n. gopher. Yirmáshka. Ye… horse’. Ya n’i hachú na lóshada kak éta parúsk’i? - Yiwráshka yézd’it’ ‘I don't want to ride the ‘G= goph= ... How is it in horse’. On yézd'it na nárt'i ‘He's Russian? - Gopher’. riding on a sled’. Fchira on na n. 1 • variant: ; nárt’i yézd’il ‘Yesterday he was yiytsó egg. yáytsa plural: . ‘ riding on a sled’. See: pr'iyéhat'; yáyts'i Ad’ín yáytsa one . ‘ dayéhat'; zayéhat'. egg’ Kúra yáytsu sn'islá The chicken laid an egg’. An'í yáyts'i yíhnay pro. their. var: íhnay; pl: yíhn'iya. kráshut ‘They are coloring eggs’. Yíhnay dom ‘their house’; 2 • Usage: . yíhn'iya bashmak'í ‘their shoes’. testicle. slang Yíhn'iya rab'at'íshk'i mál'in'k'iya yólka n. spruce tree. plural: yólk'i. Yólk'i ‘Their children are small’. Ya pálk'i gustóy l'es! ‘Spruce trees, yíhnay rab’at’íshk’i n’i w’idála ‘I canes, dense forest!’ Usage: A have not seen their children’. common Russian saying that doesn't make much sense literally, but the See: an'í; ih; iwónay; iyónay. entire phrase is used as an idiomatic pro. him. variant: im, n'im. Ya s yim yim interjection. Yólk'i igólk'i ‘spruce ‘ paydú I will go with him’. B'izhí (and) needles (rhymed ‘ See: ; sas n'im! Run with him!’ on expression). iwó; imú; n'ey; iwónay. yúkala n. dried fish. See: táyshi; balík; n. truth; variant: íst'ina. See: práwda; yíst'ina chíkalin. waíst'inu. Yukrán’i n. Ukrainians. See: paukránsk’iya. yis' v ipfv. eat. On yes ‘He's eating’. Ya Yul’ n. July. yis' hachú ‘I want to eat’. Ya yem n. ‘I am eating’. Chiwó t'i yesh? Yun’ June. ‘What are you eating?’ Id'í yis'! yúpka n. slip, petticoat. U m’in’á yes’ ‘Come eat!’ T'i búd'ish yis'? ‘Are dva yúpk’i ‘I have two slips’/

118 DICTIONARY

Z - z zabáwnay adj. cute. Aná zabáwnaya ‘She the house’. On p’ir’ót; ya zád’i is cute’. N’i kras’íway, a iwó ‘He’s in front; I’m behind zabáwnay ‘Not pretty, but cute’. him’. See: nazát; p’ir’ót. Eta mal’chíshka zabáwnay ‘This záftrak n. breakfast. See: . boy is cute’. kras’íway záftr’i adv. tomorrow. variant záftr’a. zabuwát’ v ipfv. forget. On zabuwáyit ‘He Usage: záftr’i is more commonly said in forgets’. On zabuwáyit mnóga Ninilchik than záftr’ya. Záftr’i búd’it ‘He forgets a lot (of things)’. On l’úchi ‘Tomorrow will be better’. zabuwáyitsa ‘He keeps See: pósl’izáftr’i. forgetting’. See pfv: zab’ít’. záftr’ikat’ v ipfv. eat breakfast. Ya zab’ít’ v pfv. forget. Ya zabúl ‘I (male) záftr’ikayu ‘I am eating forgot (it)’. On fchirá zabúl breakfast’. See: yis’; záftrak. hl’éba kup’ít’ ‘He yesterday zagarad’ít’ v pfv. block the way.

forgot to buy bread’. Ya zabúla zagarátsa v pfv. warm up. Wadá aprastát pamóyn’ik ‘I (female) zagarálsa ‘The water is warming

forgot to dump the slop bucket’. up’. Zabút’! ‘Forget (it)!’ Ya zab’íl zaglashítsa v pfv. agree. Ya s tabóy mnógah slow ‘I forgot many zaglashílsa ‘I agree with you’. Ya words’. Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl .. n’i hachú zaglashítsa s tabóy ‘I ‘I’ll Never Forget You’ (song). See don’t want to agree with you’. Ya ipfv: zabuwát’. See: Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zaglashus’ it’i s taboy ‘I agree to zabúl. come with you’. zachém pro. why. Zachém t’ibé znat’? zagnút’ v pfv. fold. Zagn’í! ‘Fold (it)!’ ‘Why do you want to know?’ zagn’ít’ v pfv. rot. See: gn’ilóy. zádnay adj. back; hind. Zádnay nagá v pfv. See ipfv: . ‘hind leg’. zagr’imét’ gr’im’ít’ Chiwóyta zagr’imél ‘Something made a zádn’itsa n. rear end; butt. See: zhópa; . payasn’ítsa. noise’ v ipfv. enter, come in. Zahad’í! zad’ét’ v pfv. touch. On m’in’é zad’él ‘He zahad’ít’ ‘Come in!’ Ya t’ipér’icha zahód’u touched me’. ‘I am now coming in’. See zád’i adv. behind. Zád’i pl’itú ‘behind pfv: zayt’í. the stove’; zád’i dómu ‘behind

119 DICTIONARY zahwarát’ v pfv. get sick. Ya n’i zakwáska n. yeast. See: kwáshn’a; drózhi. zahwaráyu ‘I am not going to get sick’. Aná zahwarála ‘She got sick’. See ipfv: hwarát’. See: bal’ét’. zahwat’ít’ v pfv. grab. Ya iwó zahwat’íla ‘I

(female) grabbed him’. Zahwat’í

iwónay rúku! ‘Grab his hand!’ zak’ísnay adj. rotten. See: karápn’it’. zak’ísnut’ v pfv. rotten. Frúk’ta zak’ís zaikátsa v ipfv. stutter. Aná zaikáyitsa ‘The fruit turned rotten’.

‘She is stuttering’. On zaikálas See: zak’ísnay; k’íslay. ‘He stuttered’. Aná zaikálasa ‘She zalatóy adj. golden. On zalatóy ‘It is stuttered’. golden’. See: zólata. zakapát’ v pfv. bury. On zakapál ‘He zal’ápan’iy adj. sticky. U n’iwó rúk’i buried (it)’. See: haran’ít’. zal’ápan’iyi See: zal’ápat’. zakat’ítsa v pfv. set (about the sun). zal’apat’ v pfv. get something sticky. On Sóntsa zakat’ílsa ‘The sun set’. rúk’i zal’ápal . See: zal’ápan’iy. See: pad’imátsa; w’ihad’ít’; sest’. zal’ést’i v pfv. climb up. On zal’és na l’isínu ‘He climbed up a tree’. Ya hachú zal’ést’i ‘I want to climb up’. Ya hachú zal’ést’i na kr’íshu ‘I want to climb up on the roof’. Zal’és na gazal’ín! ‘(He) climbed on the boat!’ See ipfv: zal’izát’. zakón n. law. plural zakón’i. zal’izát’ v ipfv. climb. On zal’izáyit ‘He is zakón’it’ v pfv. make law. climbing’. See pfv: zal’ést’i. zakr’ít’ v pfv. close; seal. On zakr’íl ‘He zamaknút’ v ipfv. lock. Zamakn’í! ‘Lock closed (it)’. Zakr’íy dwér’i! ‘Close it!’ Ya iyó tam zamaknúl ad’ín ras the door!’ Zakróy galzá! ‘Shut ‘I locked her in once’. Izhi on (your) eyes!’ An’í r’íbu w bánk’i m’in’a padzamkn’ot …’If he zakr’iwáyut ‘They are canning locks me in…’ fish’ Lit: ‘They are closing fish in zamalchít’ v pfv. shut up; be silent. Ya cans’. See: atkr’ít’. zamalchú ‘I’m shutting up’. Aná zamalchála ‘She shut up’. T’i zamalchál ‘You (male) shut up’. 120 DICTIONARY

Zamalchít ‘Shut up!’ See ipfv: 2 • nosey person; tempter. See: malchát’. Usage: figurative, of a nosey person or someone who wants to drag you into zamarátay adj. See: zamarátsa; gr’áznay. something that you don’t want to do. v pfv. zamarátsa get dirty. Béyb’ichka Wot, éta zanóza! ‘Here, this is a ‘ zamarálsa, on gr’áznay The kid splinter!’ (that is, this person is

has got soiled, he is dirty’. Ya w nosey or tempts you). agarót’i rabótala i zamarálas’ ‘I zapás’iwat’ v ipfv. save. An’í fs’o worked on the vegetable plot zapas’iwál’i ‘They saved and got dirty’. See: zamarátay; everything’. gr’áznay. zapát’ n. west. zamaróz’it’ v pfv. freeze. Aná swayí n. pál’tsi zamaróz’ila ‘She had her zapláta patch. fingers frost bitten’. zaplát’it’ v pfv. pay. An’í ih zaplat’íl’i See: zam’órznut’. ‘They paid them’. See ipfv: plat’ít’. zamatátay adj. tangled. Zamatátay ‘(all) zapl’ésn’it’ v pfv. get moldy; get rotten. tangled up’. See: zamatát’. Damáshnay hl’éba - haróshiy zamatát’ v pfv. wrap; wind up. Zamatáy! hl’éba; láwashnay hl’éba ‘Wrap (it up)!’ See: zamatátay. zapl’ésn’it, móg’it zapl’ésn’it’ ‘ zámatr’isén’a n. earthquake. Pómn’ish Home made bread is good; éta bal’shóy z’éml’atr’is’én’a? bread from the store will get ‘Do you remember that huge moldy, can get moldy’. See: . earthquake?’ See: zéml’a. zapl’és’l’inay adj. zamók n. lock; padlock. Atkróy zamók! zapl’és’l’inay moldy. Zapl’és’l’inay ‘ ‘Open the lock!’ See: zapór. hl’éba moldy bread’. W’íbras’i étu zapl’és’l’inay hl’ébu ‘Throw zamoróz’inay adj. frozen. Písht’a

zamoróz’inay ‘The food (is) away this rotten bread’. See: zapl’ésn’it’. frozen’. See: marós; zast’ílay. zapór n. lock. plural zapór’i. On wz’al zam’órznut’ v pfv. become frozen. On zapór i zamaknúl swayí dwér’i zam’órs ‘He’s frozen’. Ya ‘He took a lock and locked his zam’órzla ‘I (female) am frozen’.

See: zast’ít’; marós. doors’. Éta kl’uchí n’i padahód’at na zapór ‘These keys don’t zanawéska n. curtain. See: chórk’i. match the lock’. See: zamók. zanóza n. 1 • splinter.

121 DICTIONARY zapútanay adj. tangled (not about hair), zasónay adj. sleepyhead. messed up. W’ir’ófka zapútanay n. On zasónay ‘He’s a ‘The rope is tangled’. U t’ib’á sleepyhead’. See: sónay. ‘ galawá zapútanay You have zastawl’át’ v ipfv. demand; force; tell . mixed up thinking’ someone to do something. On zapyátat’ v pfv. hide. Zapyátay! ‘Hide it!’ m’in’é n’i zástawl’áyit ‘He is not See: pyátatsa, zapyátatsa telling me (what to do)’. v pfv. zapyátatsa hide oneself. Kudá t’i zast’igát’ v ipfv. button up. On zast’igáyit zapyátalsa? ‘Where did you ‘He’s buttoning up’. See hide?’ zapyátal’is’ ‘(they) hid’. See pfv: zast’ignút’. See: pr’ist’igát’. ipfv: pyátatsa. zast’ignút’ v pfv. button up. Zast’ign’í! v ipfv. zap’inátsa trip (over something). ‘Button up!’ See ipfv: zast’igát’. On zap’ináyitsa ‘He’s tripping’ See: pr’ist’ignút’.

(over something)’. zast’ílay adj. frozen. Zast’ílay réchka zap’inát’ v ipfv. kick. On zap’ináyit? ‘Is he ‘frozen river’. See: zast’ít’; kicking?’ See pfv: pnut’. halódnay; zamoróz’inay. zap’íska n. note; short letter. See: p’isát’; zast’ít’ v pfv. 1 • get cold (about a person). nap’isát’. Ya zast’íla ‘I am cold’. Ushá zárzha n. rust. Mnóga zárzha tut ‘(There zast’íl ‘The ear got cold’. Mayí is) much rust here’. See: zháfchina; nóg’i zast’íl’i ‘My feet got cold’. zarzháway. See: zam’órznut’; halódnay. 2 • zarzháway adj. rusty. variant zárzhinay. freeze. L’ot zast’íl ‘The ice See: ; zárzhinay nózhik See: zháfchina; froze’. zamaróz’it’ . zárzha; rushównay; zárzhit’; zamoróz’inay zarzháw’it’. zashít’ v pfv. sew. Fchirá ya zashíla zarzháw’it’ v pfv. get rusty. Zarzháw’il pakr’iwála ‘Yesterday I sewed ‘(it) got rusty’. variant zarzhawél. covers’. Ya záftr’i zashyú nów’iya See: zárzhit’; zháfchina; zárzha. plát’a ‘Tomorrow i will sew new zárzhit’ v pfv. get rusty. Zárzhil ‘(it) got dresses’. Aná záftr’i zashyót rusty’. Nózhik zárzhil ‘Knife got iwónay br’úk’i. Ízhi aná rusty’. See: zarzháw’it’; zháfchina; paprawl’áyit, aná pachin’ít… zárzha. pachin’ít br’úk’i ‘Tomorrow she zaskl’ignútsa v pfv. slid; slip. Ya will sew him slacks. If she is zaskl’ignúlas’ ‘I slipped (slid)’. fixing (them), (it means) she will See: askl’íska; kl’ískay. 122 DICTIONARY

mend them… mend the slacks’. zawyázawát’ v ipfv. tie. On zawyázawayit See ipfv: zashiwát’. ‘He’s tying (something)’. See pfv: zashiwát’ v ipfv. sew. Ya mnóga zaw’izát’. zashiwáyu… rázn’iya shtúk’i: zaw’izát’ v pfv. tie. Zaw’izhí swayí bil’ó, pakr’iwál’i ‘I sew a lot… all bashmak’í! ‘Tie your shoes!’ An’í kinds of things: clothes, covers’. w’ir’ófku zaw’izál’i ‘They tied the On zashiwáyit ‘He is sewing’. See rope’. Ya hachú zaw’izát ‘I want pfv: zashít’. to tie (it)’. See ipfv: zawyázawat’. v pfv. zatap’ít’ ignite; start fire; On zazhéch v pfv. light; ignite; kindle. zatap’ít ‘He is starting the Zazhg’í pl’itú! ‘Light the stove!’ stove/fire’. Zatap’í! ‘Start the On sp’íchku zazhg’ót ‘He will See: . fire!’ rastap’ít’ light the match’. An’í rastópk’i zat’ílak n. nape. d’érzhut’ pl’itú zazhéch ‘They zawalchát’ v pfv. bawl out; fuss at. On hold the kindling to start the See ipfv: . m’in’é zawalchál ‘He bawled me stove’. zazhigát See: rastap’ít’. out’. v ipfv. light; make fire. On zawal’ít n. snus; snoose; snuff. Moy zazhigát ‘ at’éts d’irzhál zawalít ‘My father spichkam’i zazhigayit He starts . See used to have snuff’. See: káratsa; fire with matches’ pfv: zazhéch. See: rastap’ít’. garshók. v pfv. heal. On skóra zázhil ‘It zawal’ít’ v pfv. chew snoose. Prézhn’iyi zazhít’

l’úd’i zawal’íl’i ‘Old times people healed fast’. Éta rána n’i chewed snoose’. See zazhuw’ót ‘This wound will not

ipfv: zawál’iwat’. heal’. On zázhit rán’shi kak t’i zhén’ishsa ‘It will heal before zawál’iwat’ v ipfv. chew snoose. Mayá you get married’. See mat’ zawál’iwala .. a at’éts n’i ipfv: zazhiwát’. l’ub’íl .. aná at atsá pr’átala .. v ipfv. état zawal’ít ‘My mother chewed zazhiwát’ heal. Éta rána n’i ‘ snoose, but my father did not zazhiwáyit This wound is not . See pfv: zazhít’. like it. She was hiding it from my getting healed’ father .. this snoose’. See zayéhat’ v pfv. drive in; drive to. Mashína pfv: zawal’ít’. perestál, mashína zaéhal ‘The zawastr’ít’ v pfv. sharpen. Zawastr’í! car stopped, the car drove in’. ‘Sharpen it!’ See: wóstray.

123 DICTIONARY zayt’í v pfv. come in; enter. Ya n’i magú zgarét’ v pfv. burn up. Skóla zgarél ‘The zayt’í ‘I can not come in’. See school was burning’. See ipfv: ipfv: zahad’ít’. garét’. See: pazhár; agón’; pagarét’. zdaróf adj. healthy. Bud’ zdaróf! ‘Be well zglatnút’ v pfv. swallow. T’i séru and healthy!’ Short form zglatnúl? ‘Did you swallow your from: zdaróway. gum?’ See ipfv: zgaltát’. zdaróway adj. husky; stout; sturdy; znat’ v ipfv. know. Ya znáyu ‘I know’. Ya well-built; heavy; On zdaróway n’i znáyu ‘I don’t know’. On ‘He is stout’. Usage: some speakers n’ichiwó n’i znáyit ‘He doesn’t will also translate it as ‘healthy’. See know anything’. Chiwó t’i short form: zdaróf. hóchish znat? ‘What do you want zdes’ adv. here. Tak i zdes’; zd’es’ tak i to know?’ M’i dawnó ad’ín drugá nazwál’i bán’a ‘Here is the same, znáyim ‘For a long time we have here it’s called the same – steam known each other’. Ya znála bath’. See: bán’a. tól’ka ya zabúla ‘I (female) knew, zd’élanay adj. made of. S b’ir’óz’i only I forgot’. M’i t’ib’á znáyim ‘ See: . zd’élanay ‘made of birch’. We know you’. pan’imát’ See: d’élat’. zólata n. gold. On iz zólata sd’élanay ‘It zd’élat’ v pfv. do; make. Ya n’ichiwó n’i is made out of gold’. See: zalatóy. mógu zd’élat’! ‘I can’t do zub’íla n. chisel.

anything!’ Ya s b’ir’óz’i zud’ítsa v ipfv. itch. U n’iwó hwos karam’ísla zd’élal ‘I made a yoke zud’élsa ‘His tail was itching’. U See ipfv: . out of birch’. d’élat’ m’in’é t’éla zud’ítsa ‘I’m itchy’. See: . zd’élanay Lit: ‘I have body itching’. zéml’a n. ground; earth; dirt; land. zup n. tooth. variant zúba; plural zúb’i, variant z’iml’á. Palozh yiwo na zub’í. U m’in’é zup bal’él ‘I had a z’iml’ú… na zéml’u ‘Put it on the toothache’. U n’iwó zúb’i n’étu ground!’ See: zámatr’isén’a; p’il’; ‘He doesn’t have any teeth’. Aná gr’as. zúb’i rézhit ‘She’s cutting teeth’. n. variant . zérkala mirror. sérkala U béyb’ichk’i ad’in zup ‘The zgaltát’ v ipfv. swallow. Ya wódu galtáyu baby has one tooth’. Láwushn’iya ‘I’m swallowing water’. Ya hachú zúb’i ‘false teeth’ Lit: ‘teeth from zgaltát’ ‘I want to swallow’. See the store’. See: b’izúbnay . pfv: . zglatnút’ zut n. rash.

124 DICTIONARY zwan’ít’ v ipfv. ring. Kalakón’i zwan’át mnóga zwézdachk’i na néb’i ‘The bells are ringing’. Skóla ‘Yesterday I saw many stars in zwan’ít ‘The school is ringing’ the sky’. Diminutive from: zw’izdá. (that is, the school bell is zw’inó n. hinge.

ringing). zw’izdá n. star. plural zw’ózda, zwézd’i, See zwat’ v ipfv. invite; call. Ya iwó zaw’yú diminutive. zwézdachka.

‘I’m calling him’. Máma t’ibé zw’izdanút’ v ipfv. hit. On t’ibé w lop zwála ‘Mama is asking for you zw’izdanúl ‘He hit you on the

(to come)’. Máma t’ibé zwála forehead’. See pfv: zw’íznut’. chay p’it’ ‘Mama is calling you zw’íznut’ v pfv. sock; hit hard. On m’in’é for tea Lit: ‘to drink tea’. See pfv: zw’íznul ‘He socked me’. See pazwát’. ipfv: zw’izdanút’. See: shl’ópnut’; zwer n. animal. nab’ít’; pab’ít’. zwézdachka n. star. plural zwézdachk’i. Ad’in zwézdachka gar’ít ‘One star is shining’. Fchirá ya w’íd’ila

Z’ - z’ z’il’ézay adj. metallic. See: zhil’éza. z’ímnay pt’ítsa n. snowbird; snow z’il’ónay adj. green. Twoy rubáha bunting. Lit: ‘winter bird’. z’il’ónay ‘Your shirt is green’. See: sn’izhóy pt’ítsa; zimá. Líst’ya z’il’ón’iya ‘The leaves z’ímnay shápka n. warm (fur) hat; hat (are) green’. for winter weather. z’imá n. winter. Z’imá id’ót. Z’imá uzhé z’imóy adv. wintertime. Z’imóy hóladna pr’ishól ‘The winter is coming. ‘In winter it’s cold’. Z’imóy ochin’ The winter has already come’. rána t’imn’éyit ‘In winter it gets See: z’imóy; z’ímnay; z’imawát’. dark very early’. See: z’imá. z’imawát’ v ipfv. to spend winter. T’i z’imawáyish ‘You are spending winter (here)’. z’ímnay adj. winter.

125 DICTIONARY

Zh - zh zha prt. still; well; other meanings. A meat’. See pfv: izhár’it’. See: zhar; d’e zha twoy {automobile}? zhárka. ‘Where is your car?’ A kak zha ya zhénshchina n. wife. variant zhénshina. t’ib’á zabúdu! ‘So how then I will See: zhiná. forget you!’ See: Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zhést’inay adj. divine; solemn. . zabúl Zhést’inay l’iturg’íya ‘divine zháfchina n. rust. See: zarzháw’it’; zárzhit’; liturgy’. ; . zarzháway zárzha zhigat’ v ipfv. Ya iwó zgy’ú ‘I’m burning zhálawatsa v ipfv. complain. On fs’idá it’. zhálawayitsa ‘He always zhíla n. vein; tendon. plural zhíli.

complains’. Raspúhla zhíla ‘The vein got zhálka adv. sorry; miserably; pitifully. swollen’. See: zhílay. variant . hálka Zhálka ‘I’m sorry’. zhílay adj. of veins or tendons. See: zhíla. m’in’é t’ibé zhálka ‘I feel sorry zhil’étka n. vest. for you’. Hálka ih, n’ichiwó n’i n. variant , . pad’élayish ‘I feel pity for them, zhil’éza iron. z’il’éza zal’éza ‘ but there is nothing to do about Nózhik iz zhil’éz’i sd’élanay The knife is made out of iron’. An’í it’. See: izw’in’ít’. w’ítachil’i z’il’ézu ‘They are zhal’ét’ v ipfv. feels sorry for; pity; regret. sharpening metal’. See: z’il’ézay. Aná zhal’éyit ‘She feels sorry for n. wife. Zhiná mayá zhiná ‘my (someone)’. zhiná wife’. Twayá zhiná ‘your wife’. zhar n. heat, fever. See: zhár’it’. See: mush; zhénshchina. zhárka adv. hot. Zhárka ‘It’s hot’. M’in’é zhinátay adj. married. M’i búl’i zhárka ‘I’m hot.’ Lit: ‘To me it is mál’in’k’iya a aná uzhé zhinátaya hot’. See: t’ipló; hóladna; zhár’it’. pabulá . ‘We were kids and she n. zhárn’ik skillet; frying pan. already was married’. See: mashínka; skówarada; zhin’ítsa v pfv. marry. Ya iwó zhin’íla ‘I skawarótka. (female) married him’. On zhár’it’ v ipfv. fry. Aná r’íbu zhár’it ‘She is n’ikadá n’i zhin’ílsa ‘He never frying fish’. Ya yáytsi zhár’u ‘I am married’. An’í zhin’íl’is ‘They got frying eggs’. Ya s’iychás m’ásu married’. búdu zhár’it’ ‘I will be now frying

126 DICTIONARY zhir n. lard; grease; fat; oil; mineral zhóga n. heartburn. U m’in’é zhóga ‘I oil. See: sála; zhírnay; másla. have heartburn’. zhírnay adj. fat. Zhírnaya bába ‘Fat zhóltay adj. yellow.

woman’. On zhírnay ‘He is fat’. zhópa n. butt; arse; rump; ass. See: zhir. Usage: humorous in Ninilchik Russian, . zhírn’ik n. oil lamp. See: lámpa. vulgar in Continental Russian See: zádn’itsa. Zhit n. Jew. plural Zhid’í. See: Iwréy. zhúl’ik n. cheater. zhit’ v ipfv. live. A gd’é t’i zhiw’yósh? v ipfv. chew. On séra zhuwál ‘He ‘Where do you live?’ Ya na éta zhuwát’ was chewing gum’. See: gr’iz’ít’. mésta zhiw’yú ‘I live in this place’. On zhil w K’ináy ‘He lived in Kenai’. See: pazhiwát’.

127

Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES

A - a

Abrám pn. Abram, Abe. Photo of Abraham Al’ikséy pn. Alex. Photo of Alex Oskolkoff. Kvasnikoff, also went by the name of Abe.

Ána pn. Anna, Ann. variant Án’ka, An’útka. Ála pn. Eleanor. Photo of Eleanor Cooper Painter. Anastás’ia pn. Nancy. Antóshka pn. Antone. Antóshka w’ihaháy, Antóshka garnastáy! ‘Antone is a land otter, Antone is a weasel!’ Usage: humorous song about Antone Olsen who lived in Ninilchik. Antóshk’ina Kám’in’ pn. Antone’s Rock. Án’ka pn. Ann. variant Ána. pn variant Al’hóway pn. Ninilchik Point. An’útka . Ann; Annie. Ána. See: Bábushk’ina M’is. Al’iksándra pn. Alexandra. Photo of Sandra Irene Kelly

129 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES B - b

Bábushk’ina M’is pn. Ninilchik Point. Bl’uwáyna pn. A fishing tender was See: Usage: Al’hóway. Not used by named Bluwayna. some speakers. Bózhiy mát’ir pn. Virgin Mary. Lit: God’s pn Bal’shóy B’igór . Big Hill. mother. See: mat’. pn Bal’shóy Óz’ira . Ninilchik Lake. B’ir’óznay Bugór pn. Birch Hump. Lit: Big Lake. variant B’ir’óznay Gará. pn Bal’shóy Túndra . Big Flat. Buntóway pn. a place up Ninilchik river.

Ch - ch

Chál’i pn. Charlie, Charles. See: K’ir’íl. Chum pn. nickname for Louie Cháyk’ina Túndra pn. Sea Gull Egg Flat. Kvasnikoff. See: druh. variant Cháyk’ina Yáytsa Túndra.

D - d

Dan’ílka pn. Dan. Dl’ínay Túndra pn. Long Flat. Dav’ít pn. David. Photo of David Cooper Sr. D’ikr’ípska M’is pn. Cape Ninilchik, Deep Creek Point. See: D’ikr’íp. D’ikr’íp pn. Deep Creek. See: D’ikr’ípska M’is.

E - e

El’izabéta pn. Elizabeth, Betty. El’izabéta pn. Elizabeth, Betty.

130 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES F - f

Ftaróy Bánka pn. Second Bar. See: Perway Ftaróy Bánka pn. Second Bar. See: Perway Bánka. Bánka.

F’ - f’

F’ódar pn. variant F’yódar. Fred. F’ókla pn. Feokla.

G - g

G’irás’im pn. Grassim. Photo of Grassim G’irás’ima Kanáwa pn. Grassim’s Ditch Oskolkoff. (a ravine in the bluff near the present day school on Sterling Highway). See: kanáwa. G’irás’ima Óz’ira pn. Grassim’s Lake. Gnáshka pn. Small name for Ignatius. Grúzd’iway pn. Mushroom Flat. See: grús’t’. Gr’igór’iy pn. Gregory.

Gr’íshka pn. Small name for Gregory. Gr’íshk’ina Túndra pn. Grishka’s Flat.

H - h

Har’itón pn. Harry. See diminutive: Har’itóshka. Photo of Harry Leman, also went by the name of Hariton. Har’itóshka pn. Harry. Diminutive from: Har’itón.

131 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES I - i

Inak’ént’iy pn. Innocent. Photo of Alfred J. Ir’ína pn. Irene. M’i payd’óm gulyát’ Cooper Sr. He was also known as Ir’ín’i ‘Let’s go to party at Innokenty . Irene’s’ (that is, let’s visit Irene). Photo of Irene Cooper Leman.

Isús pn. Jesus. Isús Hr’istós ‘Jesus

Christ’. Inak’ént’ina Túndra pn. Alfred’s Flat. Iwán pn. Ivan, John. See Iósaf pn. Joseph. Photo of Joe Leman. diminutive: Iwánushka. Iwánushka pn. Johnny. Diminutive from: Iwán. Photo of John Matson Sr.

K - k

Kapatal’ína pn. Caroline, Carolyn. Kasáman pn. Ninilchik nickname for Alec Karákul’ pn. Ninilchik nickname for Leo Oskolkoff. Steik. Kát’a pn. Katie, Katherine, Catherine.

132 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES

Kat’ir’ína pn. Katherine. Photo of Katherine Kól’a pn. Nick, Nicholas. Photo of Nick Kvasnikoff Cooper. Cooper.

pn Kél’iha pn. Kelly’s wife. Krásnay M’is . Red Point. pn Kl’uchí pn. Springs (a place where Alfred Kúmushka . Ninilchik nickname for

Cooper used to trap). Nadia Kvasnikoff Oskolkoff. Diminutive from: kumá. See: Nád’a.

K’ - k’

K’ináy pn. Kenai. Ya paydú K’ináy ‘I’m K’ir’íl pn. Charles. See: Chál’i.

going to Kenai’. Ya hachú it’í K’izhuchóy pn. Silver Salmon Creek. K’ináy ‘I want to go to Kenai’. M’i See: k’ízhuch. id’óm K’ináy ‘We’re going to Kenai’.

L - l

Lar’ión pn. Larry.

133 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES L’ - l’

L’íman’iha pn. Leman’s wife. L’udm’íla pn. Louise. L’iónt’iy pn. Louie. Photo of Louie Kvasnikoff.

M - m

Mál’in’ka Réchka pn. Small Creek. Matr’óna pn. Matrona. Photo of Matrona variant Mál’in’kuy Réchka. Balashoff Oskolkoff (known as Babushka). Mál’in’ka Túndra pn. Small Flat. Mál’in’kuy Réchka pn. Small Creek. variant Mál’in’ka Réchka. Mamáina Réchka pn. Clam Creek. Mar’íya pn. Mary. See: Másha. Márta pn. Martha.

Maskwá pn. Moscow. pn Másha pn. Mary. See: Mar’ía. Máwra . Mavra, Margaret. Múnk’ina Réchka pn. Monkey Creek. See: makáka. Múrf’iskay Kanáwa pn. Murphy’s Ditch. Usage: near Long Flat, named for John Matson's stepfather.

134 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES M’ - m’

M’ihaíl pn. Michael, Mike. See: M’íshka. M’ilánya pn. Melanya. Photo of Malina Oskolkoff Kvasnikoff Curtis M’íshka pn. Michael. Usage: a small name for . M’ihaíl. See: M’ihaíl.

N - n

Nád’a pn. Nadia. variant Nad’ézhda. Photo of Nadia Kvasnikoff Oskolkoff.

N’ - n’

N’ikaláy pn. Nick. Photo of Nick Leman. N’in’íl’chika Réchka pn. Ninilchik River. N’in’íl’chik pn. Ninilchik.

135 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES P - p

Páshka pn. Paul. Diminutive from: Páw’il. Pérway Bánka pn. First Bar. See: Ftaróy Páw’il pn. Paul. See diminutive: Páshka. Bánka. Páw’il, Páw’il, funt pr’ibáw’il ‘Paul, Paul, put up a pound’ (teasing saying). Photo of Paul Oskolkoff.

P’ – p’

P’itrúshka pn. Peter. P’itrúshka pn. Peter.

R - r

Rad’ión pn. Robert. Rós’ip pn. the gravel deposit on the Rasamág’iy Túndra pn. Wolverine Flat. Ninilchik River, south of Dean

Ras’íya pn. Russia. See: Rúskay; Rúsak. Kvasnikoff’s village house. Na Rós’ip’i ‘At the gravel deposit’. Rawúlka pn. Ralph. See: Rawúlka song.

136 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES S - s

Salman’íya pn. Selma. variant Salman’ída. Sóf’ya pn. Sophie. Photo of Sophie Cooper Photo of Selma Oskolkoff Leman. Prosser.

Sásha pn. Sasha. St’ipán pn. Stephen.

S’ - s’

S’ib’ír’iya pn. Siberia. S’uzána pn. Susan, Susie. Photo of Susie Kvasnikoff Cooper Liebenthal S’ímka pn. Simeon. diminutive from: S’im’yón. . S’im’yón pn. Simeon. See diminutive: S’ímka. S’irg’éy pn. Sarjus, Sergey. S’irg’éyina mat’ ‘Sergey’s mother’. Photo of Sarjus J. Kvasnikoff.

U - u

Úz’inkay Túndra pn. Second Flat. of First Flat, but before the Lit: narrow flat; just beyond (east) highway.

137 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES W - w

Wal’int’ína pn. Valentina. Photo of Juanita Wlad’ím’ir pn. Walter. Photo of Walter Mae Leman Bertoson, born Valentina W. Jackinsky Jr. Leman.

pn variant Warwára . Barbara. Wárwara. Wólchiy Túndra pn. Wolf Flat. See: wólka. Was’íl’iy pn. William. Photo of Bill Kvasnikoff.

W’ - w’

W’ídr’inay túndra pn. A place about 1/2 the road, toward Deep Creek. mile east of Ninilchik, near the See: túndra; w’ídra. current Oil Well Road, south of

Y - y

Yákaf pn. Jack. Yukrán pn. Ukraine. Y’il’éna pn. Helen. Yúl’ya pn. Julia.

138 Appendix 1: PROPER NAMES Z - z

Zád’i Kat’ir’ín’i pn. Behind Katherine’s.

Usage: area along the river behind

Katherine’s place, down the hill east of John Matson’s house.

Z’ - z’

Z’il’ónay Káman’ pn. Green Rock. See: z’il’ónay.

139

Appendix 2: PHRASES Appendix 2: PHRASES

A - a

A htó z’iwáyit uhú hl’ibáyit. phr. Whoever is slow at the dinner table will slurp only broth. Ádnaras sáma rás! phr. Once is enough. Aglóh, pastarél… ya stárshi fseh w N’in’ílchik’i phr. I got deaf, got old .. I am the oldest person in Ninilchik. Antóshka w’ihaháy, Antóshka garnastáy! phr. Antone is a land otter, Antone is a weasel! Usage: humorous song about Antone Olsen who lived in Ninilchik. Ap chom kazáchka pláchit, ap chom b’idn’azhichka gruz’it. I n’ikadá ya n’i zabúdu... phr. What is the Cossack girl crying about, what is the poor soul sad about? And I will never forget… Usage: a fragment of an old Russian song. asw’ishchónay wadá phr. holy water. See: sw’itóy wadá.

B - b

Bába Yagá phr. Old Witch saying. Bába Yagá kast’anáya nagá; nos w patalók (w)ros ‘Old Lady Yaga had a bony leg; her nose grew to the ceiling’. Usage: an old Russian saying. bánashnay tamátus phr. canned tomatoes. See: pam’idór. Bédn’iya matróz’i song phr. Poor sailors song. Bédn’iya matróz’i .. kak an’í stradál’is’ .. pr’iyéhal’i w Amér’iku .. wes’ mór’a abasrál’is’ ‘Poor sailors, they have suffered a lot. When they came to America, they shit all the sea’. Usage: a fragment of a Russian teasing rhyme. Búd’it’ baltát’! phr. Stop blabbering! But’ shchasl’íf! phr. Be happy! See: Bút’ zdaróf! But’ zdaróf! phr. Be healthy! See: Bút’ shchasl’íf!

B’ – b’

B’idá za b’idóy, zád’i pl’itóy phr. Trouble after trouble, behind the stove. Usage: a rhymed kids’ expression.

141 Appendix 2: PHRASES

Ch - ch

Chiwó búd’it to i búd’it. phr. Whatever will be, will be. Chiwó takóyi? phr. What’s happening? Chízhik song phr. Chízhik, chízhik gd’e t’i bul? Za garám’i wótku p’il. W’íp’il r’úmku, w’íp’il dwe, Zashuméla w galawé ‘Yellow bird, yellow bird, where have you been? I have been drinking vodka behind the hills. I have had one shot, had another shot. And got dizzy. Lit: Zashuméla w galawé ‘There was noise in my head’. Chuh chuh chuhalá – chort, sabáka, sataná phr. Kid’s rhyme. Lit: ‘sound of a motor, devil, dog, Satan’. chuyí chuyí phr. describes sounds made by oars in oarlocks.

D - d

Da sw’idán’a! phr. Goodbye! Lit: until meeting. Dóbraya útra! phr. Good morning! Dóbray d’en’! phr. Hello! Dázhi n’i dúmay! phr. Don’t even think about it! Usage: one of the Ninilchik responses to "spas’íba".

E - e

Éta aná dáram phr. She shouldn’t do it.

F - f

Fs’o harashó w’íshla phr. Everything went very well. fs’o rawnó phr. doesn’t matter. Fú t’i na phr. Yukky! Smelly! Ugh!

142 Appendix 2: PHRASES

G - g

Góspad’i, pam’íluy! phr. Lord, have mercy!

H - h

Har’itóshka, skar’itóshka phr. Kid’s saying. Har’itóshka, skar’itóshka, s’yel karówu i b’iká, sem’ sot paras’át, ádna lápachk’i l’it’át ‘Little Harry, he ate a cow and a bull, 700 piglets, nothing but claws are flying’. Usage: a teasing rhyme for Harry Leman. Hudóy tóka moy! phr. ‘It may be bad, but it’s mine’.

I - i

Id’í t’i k chórtu! phr. Go to the devil! Usage: commonly said as swear words in Ninilchik.

K - k kambóst mil’ót phr. (He/she) is grinding compost. See: malót’. Kartóf’il paspél, paspél, paspél phr. ‘Potatoes is cooked, is cooked, is cooked’. Usage: Ninilchik children would say this while pulling toy boats in the river, imitating the sound of a boat engine. Katór’iy chas? phr. What time is it? Katór’iy wrém’ya? phr. What time is it? Usage: not used by some speakers. Kr’istós waskrés! phr. Christ is risen! variant Hr’istós waskrés. See: Waíst’inu waskrés. kurwáchiy dom phr. Brothel. Lit: house of prostitution. See: bardák, kúrwa.

M - m

Mal’útka poem phr. Wéchir b’il, swerkál’i zw’ozd’i, na dwar’é marós str’ikál. Shol pa úl’itsi mal’útka, pas’in’él i wés’ drazhál. "Bózhi - gawar’ít mal’útka - ya praz’áp i yes’ hachú. Kto nagréyit, kto nakórm’it, bózhi dóbray, s’iratú?” ‘It was evening; the stars were shining, very cold outside. A little child went along the street, blue from cold and shivering. ‘Oh, Lord - said the child - I am cold and hungry. Who will warm up and feed, my Lord, the orphan?’.

143 Appendix 2: PHRASES

Manáh poem phr. Manáh razhd’ón shtab’í mal’ítsa, saldát shtop wéchna wayawát’, a chinówn’ik shtop s bumágam’i r’ítsa, a muzhík shtop wéchna rabatát’ ‘A monk is born to pray, a soldier to always fight, and an official to sort papers, but a peasant to work forever. Usage: A traditional, probably learned at school, rhyme. Másla pagásla! phr. The oil burned out. Usage: a rhyme which people in Ninilchik liked to repeat.

M’ - m’

M’in’é galawá bal’ít. phr. I have a headache. m’íra mázat’ phr. anoint.

N - n na nawóz’i phr. outside of the house. See: tr’ík’i trák’i.

N’ - n’

N’i stóyit! phr. Never mind! No problem! Lit: no cost. Usage: a Ninilchik response to spas’íba ‘thank you’. See: stóyit’; n’ichiwó; pazhálusta.

P - p

Padál’shi ub’ir’ósh, pabl’ízhi w’az’m’ósh. phr. The further away you put it, the closer (it will be when you need) to take it. Pashól t’i! phr. Go on with you! Pat’ir’ála ya kal’échku song phr. Pat’ir’ála ya kal’échku, pat’ir’ála ya l’úbof’. I za étu za kal’échku búdu plákat’ d’én’ i noch ‘I have lost my ring, I have lost love. And for this ring I will weep day and night’. Páw'il, Páw'il, funt pr'ibáw'il. phr. Paul, Paul, put up a pound. Usage: kid's teasing song for Paul Oskolkoff.

144 Appendix 2: PHRASES

R - r

Rawúlka song phr. Rawúlka kúr’ichku dushíl, dushíl, dushíl. W pamóyn’ik iyó machíl, machíl, machíl. Ap’át’ on iyó dushíl, dushíl, dushíl. W sabáchn’ik iyó zakr’íl, i kúr’ichka prapál ‘Ralph a little hen choked, choked, choked. In the slop bucket he soaked it, soaked, soaked. Again he choked it, choked, choked. In the dog house he closed it, and the little hen perished’. Usage: teasing kids’ song.

S - s

S nówam gódam! phr. Happy New Year. See: Nóway Got; s nówam schást’im! S nówam schást’im! phr. New Happiness. See: s nówam gódam!; schásht’a. S prázn’ikam! phr. Happy holiday! Lit: with holiday. See: prázn’ik. sabáchiy dom phr. kennel. saróka b’ilabóka phr. magpie the white side. Saróka bélabóka na paróg’i tsikála, i góst’i pr’íshl’i ‘Magpie the white side on the porch chattered, and guests came’. variant:

saróka bélay bóka. Usage: children's rhyme. See: saróka Sláwa Bóhu! phr. ‘Thanks to Lord!’ Lit: Glory to God. Spakóynay noch! phr. Have a good night. Lit: quiet night. sw’itóy wadá phr. holy water. See: asw’ishchónay wadá.

S’ - s’ s’igaw’í phr. call of a certain bird; part of a bird song;

Sh - sh shl’úpachk’i phr. M’i ta shl’úpachk’i spuskál’i, m’i Baránawa fstr’ichál’i ‘We let the small boats down on water, we were meeting Baranoff’. Usage: from an old song about meeting the Governor of the Russian America.

145 Appendix 2: PHRASES

T - t tr’ík’i trák’i phr. handle for shaking grates on a coal stove so ashes will fall down away from the fire. Tr’ík’i trák’i, tr’i makák’i, na nawóz’i, ha ha ha! ‘Shaking-ashes- down-handle, three monkeys, outside (to the ash pile), ha ha ha!’ Tr’ík’i trák’i, tr’i makák’i, ya zabúl chiwó ishó ‘Shaking-ashes-down-handle, three monkeys, I forgot what was else there’. See: makáka; na nawóz’i.

U - u

U iwréya na nasú w’íras kust kal’ína phr. A high bush cranberry grew up the Jew’s nose Usage: a teasing saying. U papá b’ilá sabáka, póp iyó l’ub’íl. phr. U papá b'ilá sabáka, póp iyó l'ub'íl. Aná syéla kusók sála, póp iyó ub'íl .... An'í zál'i zakapál'i í na krést'i nap'isál'i: ''U papá bilá sabáka, póp iyó l'ub'íl. ...'' ‘A priest had a dog. He loved it. It stole a piece of meat. The priest killed it. ... They took it and buried it and wrote on the cross: "A priest had a dog. He loved it. It stole a piece of meat." ...’ Usage: a popular rhyme in Ninilchik and in the19th-20th century Russia.

W - w

Waíst’inu waskrés! phr. Indeed he is risen! See: Kr’istós waskrés.

Y - y

Ya t’ibé kak w’int shéyu phr. I’m going to (wring off) your neck as a screw. Usage: said to a chicken before butchering it. Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl phr. I’ll never forget you song. Ya t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl, ya wet’ t’ib’a wet’ n’i zabúl, a kak zha ya t’ib’á zabúdu, a t’i tsalúy m’in’é ‘I will never forget you, I will never forget you, so how then I will forget you, and you kiss me!’

146 Appendix 2: PHRASES

Ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it’ mn’é phr. I know that God will always help me. Ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it’ mn’e, ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it’ mn’e. Yézhl’i ya imú zhiw’yú i fs’yó imú ya pr’ilazhú, ya znáyu Boh fs’igdá pamóg’it’ mn’e ‘I know that God will always help me (2 times). If I live for him and bring everything to him, I know that God will always help me’. Yézhl’i t’i m’in’é phr. Yézhl’i t’i m’in’é w káman’im k’ín’ish, ya Bózhin’k’i skazhú ‘If you throw a rock at me, I’ll tell God on you’ Usage: a saying ascribed to a local bird. Yólk'i pálk'i gustóy l'es! phr. Spruce trees, canes, dense forest! Usage: a common Russian expression that doesn't make much sense literally, but the entire phrase is used as an idiomatic interjection, as an euphemism. Yólk'i igólk'i phr. spruce (and) needles. Usage: a rhymed expression.

Z - z

Záftr’i búd’it l’úchi phr. Tomorrow will be better. Zdráfstuyt’i! phr. Hello (respectful)! Zdráfstuyt’i kumá ‘Hello, Godmother’.

Zh - zh

Zhíl-bil u bábushk’i séren’kay kózl’ik phr. Russian poem for children. Zhíl-bil u bábushk’i séran’kay kózl’ik. Wot kak, wot kak, séran’kay kózl’ik. Padúmala bábushka w l’es pragul’átsa. Wot kak, wot kak, w l’es pragul’átsa. Napál’i na bábushku sér’iya wólk’i. Wot kak, wot kak, sér’iya wólk’i. Astáw’il’i bábushk’i nóshk’i da róshk’i. Wot kak, wot kak, nóshk’i da róshk’i. ‘There was once a little grey goat who lived with Grandma. Yes, the grey kid, indeed. Once decided Grandma to walk in the woods. Yes, to walk in the woods. Grey wolves attacked her. Yes, the grey wolves. They only left hoofs and horns to Grandma. Yes, just hoofs and horns’. See: bábushka. Usage: very much loved by the people of Ninilchik.

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