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Tortricidae Della Bassa Friulana

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Tortricidae Della Bassa Friulana TORTRICIDAE DELLA BASSA FRIULANA Gianluca Doremi Gianluca Doremi www.gdoremi.altervista.org Gianluca Doremi www.gdoremi.altervista.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ Tortricidae della Bassa Friulana . Osservazioni dal 2010 al 2017 Gianluca Doremi Introduzione La famiglia delle Tortricidae (Latreille, 1802) è una grande famiglia di micro lepidotteri, unico membro della superfamiglia Tortricodea. Questa famiglia conta 10.883 specie suddivise in 1111 generi (ultimo aggiornamento inizio 2014) 1 Figura 1 Le ali dei lepidotteri Gli Adulti delle Tortricidae sono caratterizzati da La famiglia delle Tortricidae è suddivisa in tre una combinazione dei seguenti caratteri: testa sottofamiglie: Tortricinae, Olethreutinae e ruvida in scala; proboscide ben sviluppata e non Chlidanotinae (Horak 1998). La famiglia è stata in scala; palpi labiali segmentati in tre parti e recentemente catalogata (Brown 2005) 2 generalmente tenuti in orizzontale, con segmento apicale corto e smussato; palpi mascellari ridotti; Molti appartenenti a questa famiglia sono (Horak 2006). parassiti economicamente importanti. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tortricidae della Bassa Friulana. 1 Osservazioni dal 2010 al 2017 _______________________________________________________________________________________ La ricerca si è sviluppata in una zona abbastanza limitata della Bassa Friulana, prevalentemente Sottofamiglia lungo il corso del fiume Tagliamento, nella zona Olethreutinae compresa tra le aree di risorgiva di Teglio Veneto (VE) fino alla foce del Tagliamento, nei comuni di San Michele al Tagliamento (VE), Latisana (UD), Marano Lagunare (UD) in località Aprilia Tribù Bactrini Marittima (UD) e Lignano Sabbiadoro (UD). Questa tribù è rappresentata da un unico Non sono state utilizzate trappole per esemplare la Bactra lancealana. l’acquisizione degli esemplari, e non sono stati raccolti esemplari vivi per la dissezione dei genitali, quindi i risultati possono considerarsi Bactra lancealana esaurienti, ma non esaustivi. Bactra (Bactra) lancealana (Hübner, 1799) Essi non sono da ritenersi completi, con la Questa piccola falena ha un’apertura alare di 11- conseguenza che molti esemplari avranno la 20 mm. Distribuita in tutta Europa 3, in Italia è dicitura cfr. che ne indica la somiglianza visiva ma piuttosto comune e si trova anche sulle isole 3. non la certezza della specie. Specie di colorazione variabile con alcuni Le specie ad oggi ritrovate ammontano a 57, individui, quasi monocolore, altri con una striscia suddivise in 2 sottofamiglie e 10 tribù. pallida lungo il bordo anteriore dell'ala marrone scuro, altri ancora con evidenti macchie scure su ali screziate in ocra e marrone. Le ali posteriori sono di color grigio, frangiate. Figura 3 - Bactra lacealana – Latisana (UD) settembre 2016 – Gianluca D. Questa falena ha due generazioni tra giugno e ottobre. Frequenta paludi, brughiere, e habitat dove sono presenti le piante nutrici. Gli adulti sono facilmente attratti dalle luci artificiali. Le larve si nutrono su Juncus (giunco) e Scirpus (Scirpo). Figura 2 - La zona dei rilievi ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tortricidae della Bassa Friulana. Osservazioni dal 2010 al 2017 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Tribù Enarmoniini primavera dopo il completamento degli stadi larvali mediante l'alimentazione. La larva si nutre Sono due le specie appartenenti a questa tribù di Rhamnus catartica (spinocervino) e Frangula trovati sul territorio. alnus (frangola comune) 4. Ancylis tinenana Ancylis obtusana (Hübner, 1799) (Haworth 1811) L’Ancylis tineana è una falena con apertura alare L'Ancylis obtusana è una falena con un'apertura di 11-15 mm. Distribuita in Europa in molti stati, alare di 11-14mm. Distribuita in tutta Europa con fanno eccezione Portogallo, Spagna, Francia, esclusione della Spagna, Slovenia, Penisola Irlanda, le grandi isole Italiane (Sicilia e Balcanica, Ucraina, Norvegia, Islanda, Sicilia e Sardegna), Croazia, Grecia, Bulgaria e Ucraina; Corsica 3. con dati non certi dalla zona trans-Caucasica alla Siberia e la parte meridionale della Russia orientale 3; segnalata anche in Nord America. Le ali anteriori sono fortemente falcate (curvato in forma di falce), con colore di fondo biancastro, quasi interamente ricoperte di grigio scuro, con striature plumbee spesso contigue, le fasce basale e sub-basale sono indeterminate, la fascia mediana è mal definita di solito indicata da una striscia lineare scura, a volte sfumata in un color ruggine, che si estende dalla costa alla zona sub apicale. Ben visibile una macchia sub orbicolare Figura 4 - Ancylis obtusana in accoppiamento - Aprilia bianca, striata di un colore più scuro, apici soffusi Marittima (UD) luglio 2015 - Gianluca D. di grigio a volte in color ruggine, è visibile una linea basale grigio pallido lungo il Termen 5. Le ali Dalla livrea particolare presenta colore di base posteriori sono grigio chiaro con frange chiare e arancio o marrone molto chiaro con sfumature una linea sub basale più scura 5. più scure verso l'area mediana. Tra la regione discale e postdiscale dell'ala anteriore troviamo una linea bianca bordata d'argento che la divide in due diagonalmente, per terminare nell'area cubitale, dopo aver fatto una piega. L'ocello è ben sviluppato e da esso partono strie bianco argentee verso l'area costale. Le ali posteriori risultano marroncine con sfumature bianche lungo i margini. Figura 5 - Ancylis tineana – Latisana (UD) Luglio 2015 – Univoltina, vola da inizio maggio a fine luglio, Gianluca D. volando nei tardi pomeriggi assolati. Frequenta Questa specie non presenta dimorfismo sessuale. aree marginali di boschi e foreste, e/o zone prevalentemente umide dove crescono le piante In Europa, ci sono due generazioni annuali. nutrici. Sverna allo stadio di larva e si impupa in ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tortricidae della Bassa Friulana. 3 Osservazioni dal 2010 al 2017 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Le Falene della prima generazione volano in aprile e maggio, quelle della seconda in luglio e agosto. Le larve vivono tra le foglie unite da fili di seta della pianta ospite, in giugno e luglio. Esse si impupano in giugno o luglio. Le larve della generazione successiva si trovano nel mese di settembre e ottobre. Svernano fino alla primavera successiva, in un ibernacolo (luogo/dimora scelta per lo svernamento), che costruiscono facendo girare i bordi sinistro e destro di una foglia insieme, in modo tale che essi formino un accurato baccello, leggermente rigonfio e ripiegato lungo la nervatura centrale. S’impupano in aprile o maggio, di solito all'interno dell’ibernacolo stesso. La larva è lunga 10-11 mm; la testa è marrone giallastro; piastra protoracica giallo pallido o marrone, a volta sfumata in verde; l’ addome va dal grigio verdastro chiaro al grigio brunastro; dopo il letargo le larve hanno una sorta di “berretto” marrone scuro o nerastro sulla testa. La pupa misura 5-6 mm di lunghezza; di colore marrone sta in un bozzolo di seta bianca nella dimora larvale. Le piante ospiti sono: Malus sp. (melo), Pyrus sp. (pero), Crataegus (biancospino), Prunus spinosa (prugnolo selvatico), Prunus domestica (prugno), Betula sp. (betulla), Populus tremula (pioppo) e Cotoneaster sp .5. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tortricidae della Bassa Friulana. Osservazioni dal 2010 al 2017 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Tribù Endotheniini bordo esterno, la seconda al confine tra l’area anale e quella cubitale. Il bordo è frangiato. Le ali Cinque sono i rappresentanti di questa famiglia posteriori sono di colore grigio marrone, ad oggi ritrovati. anch’esse frangiate. Specie difficile da incontrare di giorno, viene Endothenia ericetana spesso attirata dalla luce artificiale. Frequenta (Humphreys & Westwood, 1845) prati, campi e margini di terreni agricoli. Vola in luglio ed in agosto in un’unica generazione. Falena della con un’apertura alare di 14- 19 mm. Essa è distribuita in Austria, Belgio, Bulgaria, isole Le larve si nutrono nel nelle radici, nella parte Figura 6 - Endothenia ericetana - Lignano Sabbiadoro (UD) agosto 2014 - Gianluca D. britanniche, Germania, Danimarca (continente), inferiore dello stelo, e nel portainnesto delle Irlanda, Italia ( è assente dalle isole), Lettonia, piante di Stachys palustris (stregona palustre), ed Liechtenstein, Lituania, Lussemburgo, Paesi Bassi, eventualmente su Stachys sylvatica (stregona dei Norvegia (continente), le Isole del Canale, boschi) o di Mentha arvensis (menta) 4 . Polonia, Russia, Romania, Slovacchia , Slovenia, Finlandia, Francia (continente), Repubblica Ceca, 3 Svizzera, Svezia, Estonia Endothenia gentianaeana (Hübner, 1799) L’ala anteriore è di colore marrone chiaro, con marcature più scure non molto evidenti. Ben Falena con un'apertura alare di 15-19mm. visibile una macchia scura nella regione discale, Distribuita in tutta Europa con l’eccezione delle che parte dalla costa fino a quasi il margine regioni scandinave, della Danimarca, dell’Irlanda, interno. La costa è del colore di base, con della
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