Introduction the Early Bourbon Period in Spanish South America: an Interpretation
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Notes Introduction The Early Bourbon Period in Spanish South America: An Interpretation 1. On Storrs’s University of Dundee homepage as of January 2014. Technically, there was another Bourbon reign prior to 1746, the “lightning reign” of Luis I for less than eight months in 1724. 2. Francisco A. Eissa-Barroso and Ainara Vásquez Varela (eds.), Early Bourbon Spanish America: Politics and Society in a Forgotten Era (1700–1759) (Leiden: Brill, 2013). 3. Adrian J. Pearce, “Early Bourbon Government in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1700–1759,” Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Liverpool, 1998. 4. Eissa-Barroso’s monograph in progress is titled The Spanish Monarchy and the Creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1739): The Politics of Reform in the Early Bourbon Spanish World. I thank Dr. Eissa-Barroso for permission to refer to this work here. 5. See esp. Antonia Heredia Herrera, Sevilla y los hombres del comercio (1700–1800) (Seville: Editoriales Andaluzas Unidas, 1989). 6. Pablo E. Pérez-Mallaina Bueno, Política naval española en el Atlántico, 1700–1715 (Seville: Escuela de Estudios Hispano- Americanos, 1982); same author and Bibiano Torres Ramírez, La Armada del Mar del Sur (Seville: Escuela de Estudios Hispano- Americanos, 1987). 7. Carlos Daniel Malamud Rikles, Cádiz y Saint Malo en el comer- cio colonial peruano (1698–1725) (Cadiz: Diputación Provincial de Cádiz, 1986). 8. Lance R. Grahn, The Political Economy of Smuggling: Regional Informal Economies in Early Bourbon New Granada (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997). 9. See esp. Mark A. Burkholder and D. S Chandler, From Impotence to Authority: The Spanish Crown and the American Audiencias, 1687–1808 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977); Mark A. Burkholder and Lyman L. Johnson, Biographical Dictionary 182 NOTES of Audiencia Ministers in the Americas: 1687–1821 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982); Mark A. Burkholder, Biographical Dictionary of Councillors of the Indies, 1717–1808 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986). 10. Guillermo Céspedes del Castillo, Reorganización de la hacienda virreinal peruana en el siglo XVIII (Madrid, 1953), first published in Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español 23 (1953), pp. 329– 69; and Guillermo Céspedes del Castillo, “La renta del tabaco en el virreinato del Perú,” Revista Histórica (Lima) 21 (1954), pp. 138–63. 11. See esp. Enrique Tandeter, Coercion and Market: Silver Mining in Colonial Potosí, 1692–1826. (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1993) (covering the period 1692–1826). 12. Kendall W. Brown, “La crisis financiera peruana al comienzo del siglo XVIII, la minería de plata y la mina de azogues de Huancavelica,” Revista de Indias 48:182–83 (Jan.–Aug. 1988), pp. 349–81; Kendall W. Brown, “The Spanish Imperial Mercury Trade and the American Mining Expansion under the Bourbon Monarchy,” in Kenneth J. Andrien and Lyman L. Johnson (eds.), The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850 (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1994), pp. 137–67; and Kendall W. Brown, “La recepción de la tecnología minera española en las minas de Huancavelica, siglo XVIII,” in Marcos Cueto (ed.), Saberes andinos: ciencia y tecnología en Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1995), pp. 59–90; Miguel Molina Martínez, Antonio de Ulloa en Huancavelica (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1995). 13. James S. Saeger, “Origins of the Rebellion of Paraguay,” Hispanic American Historical Review 52 (1972), pp. 215–29; James S. Saeger, “Clerical Politics in Eighteenth-Century Peru: The Trial of José de Antequera,” Journal of Church and State 19:1 (1975), pp. 81–96; and James S. Saeger, “Institutional Rivalries, Jurisdictional Disputes, and Vested Interests in the Viceroyalty of Peru: José de Antequera and the Rebellion of Paraguay,” The Americas 32 (1975), pp. 99–116; Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy, Un siglo de rebeliones anti- coloniales: Perú y Bolivia, 1700–1783 (Cuzco: Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos “Bartolomé de las Casas”, 1988). 14. See esp. Steve J. Stern, “The Age of Andean Insurrection, 1742–1782: A Reappraisal,” in Steve J. Stern (ed.), Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 1987), pp. 34–93. 15. Alfredo Moreno Cebrián, El corregidor de Indios y la economía peruana en el siglo XVIII (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1977); and Alfredo Moreno Cebrián, NOTES 183 Relación y documentos de gobierno del Virrey del Perú, José Antonio Manso de Velasco, Conde de Superunda (1745–1761) (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1983). 16. Henry Kamen, Philip V of Spain: The King who Reigned Twice (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001). Other works pub- lished at this time included, but were by no means limited to, Ricardo García Cárcel and Rosa María Alabrús Iglesias, España en 1700: ¿Austrias o Borbones? (Madrid: Arlanza, 2001); Enrique San Miguel Pérez, La instauración de la monarquía borbónica en España (Madrid: Comunidad de Madrid, 2001); and Carlos Martínez Shaw and Marina Alfonso Mola, Felipe V (Madrid: Arlanza, 2001). 17. Henry Kamen, “El establecimiento de los Intendentes en la Administración española,” Hispania 24:95 (1964), pp. 368–95; and Henry Kamen, “Melchor de Macanaz and the Foundations of Bourbon Power in Spain,” English Historical Review 80:317 (1965), pp. 699–716. 18. Christopher Storrs, “Felipe V: Caesura or Continuity?” in Francisco A. Eissa-Barroso and Ainara Vásquez Varela (eds.), Early Bourbon Spanish America: Politics and Society in a Forgotten Era (1700– 1759) (Leiden: Brill, 2013), pp. 9–21; and Christopher Storrs, “The Fallen Politician’s Way Back In: Melchor de Macanaz as Spy and Secret Negotiator,” in D. Szechi (ed.), The Dangerous Trade. Spies, Spymasters and the Making of Europe (Dundee: Dundee University Press, 2010), pp. 115–38. 19. Ildefonso Pulido Bueno, José Patiño: El inicio del gobierno político- económico ilustrado en España (Huelva: Artes Gráficas Andaluzas, 1998); see also esp. Carlos Pérez Fernández-Turégano, Patiño y las reformas de la administración en el reinado de Felipe V (Madrid: Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval, 2006). 20. José Luis Gómez Urdáñez, El proyecto reformista de Ensenada (Lleida: Milenio, 1996); see also the important work on Ensenada of Stanley J. Stein and Barbara H. Stein, Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), chap. 8. 21. Allan J. Kuethe, “The Colonial Commercial Policy of Philip V and the Atlantic World,” in Renate Pieper and Peer Schmidt (eds.), Latin America and the Atlantic World (1500–1850) (Cologne and Vienna: Böhlau-Verlag, 2005), pp. 319–33; and Allan J. Kuethe, “Cardinal Alberoni and Reform in the American Empire”, in Francisco A. Eissa-Barroso and Ainara Vásquez Varela (eds.), Early Bourbon Spanish America: Politics and Society in a Forgotten Era (1700–1759) (Leiden: Brill, 2013), pp. 23–38. 22. Concepción de Castro, A la sombra de Felipe V: José de Grimaldo, ministro responsable (1703–1726) (Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2004). 184 NOTES 23. The best recent guide to this literature may be found in Francisco Antonio Eissa-Barroso, “Politics, Political Culture and Policy Making: The Reform of Viceregal Rule in the Spanish World under Philip V (1700–1746),” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. 24. Ana Crespo Solana, La Casa de Contratación y la Intendencia General de la Marina en Cádiz (1717–1730) (Cadiz: Universidad de Cádiz, 1996); Margarita García Mauriño-Mundi, La pugna entre el Consulado de Cádiz y los jenízaros por las exportaciones a Indias (1720–1765) (Seville: Universidad de Sevilla, 1999); for trade with Britain during the period, see Nélida García Fernández, Comerciando con el enemigo: El tráfico mercantil anglo-español en el siglo xviii (1700–1765) (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2006). 25. Stein and Stein, Silver, Trade, and War; this of course was the first in a projected four-volume series of works primarily devoted to the late Bourbon era (to 1810). 26. Carmen Parrón Salas, “Perú y la transición del comercio político al comercio libre, 1740–1778,” Anuario de Estudios Americanos 54:2 (1997), pp. 447–73; Jesús Turiso Sebastián, Comerciantes españoles en la Lima borbónica: Anatomía de una élite de poder (1701–1761) (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2002). 27. Moreno Cebrián, “El regalismo borbónico frente al poder vaticano: Acerca del estado de la Iglesia en el Perú durante el primer tercio del siglo XVIII,” Revista de Indias 63:227 (2003), pp. 223–74; and (with Núria Sala i Vila), El “premio” de ser virrey: Los intereses públi- cos y privados del gobierno virreinal en el Perú de Felipe V (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2005); also Núria Sala i Vila, “La escenificación del poder: El marqués de Castelldosríus, primer virrey Borbón del Perú (1707–1710),” Anuario de Estudios Americanos 61:1 (Jan.–June 2004), pp. 31–68. 28. Francisco Antonio Eissa-Barroso, “ ‘Of Experience, Zeal and Selflessness’: Military Officers as Viceroys in Early Eighteenth- Century Spanish America,” The Americas 68:3 (Jan. 2012), pp. 317–45; “ ‘The Honor of the Spanish Nation’: Military Officers, Mediterranean Campaigns and American Government under Philip V,” in Francisco A. Eissa-Barroso and Ainara Vásquez Varela (eds.), Early Bourbon Spanish America: Politics and Society in a Forgotten Era (1700–1759) (Leiden: Brill, 2013), pp. 39–60; and “ ‘Having Served in the Troops’: The Appointment of Military Officers as Provincial Governors in Early Eighteenth-Century Spanish America (1700–1746),” Colonial Latin American Historical Review. Forthcoming. 29. See esp. Víctor Peralta Ruiz, Patrones, clientes y amigos. El poder burocrático indiano en la España del siglo XVIII (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2006). NOTES 185 30. Kenneth J. Andrien, “The Coming of Enlightened Reform in Bourbon Peru: Secularization of the Doctrinas de indios, 1746– 1773,” in Gabriel Paquette (ed.), Enlightened Reform in Southern Europe and its Atlantic Colonies, c.