Read an Excerpt
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: the Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt
Leiden Journal of International Law (2018), 31, pp. 597–615 C Foundation of the Leiden Journal of International Law 2018 doi:10.1017/S0922156518000225 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL THEORY Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: The Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt ∗ LILIANA OBREGON´ Abstract Before 1492, European feudal practices racialized subjects in order to dispossess, enslave and colonize them. Enslavement of different peoples was a centuries old custom authorized by the lawofnationsandfundamentaltotheeconomiesofempire.Manumission,thoughexceptional, helped to sustain slavery because it created an expectation of freedom, despite the fact that the freed received punitive consequences. In the sixteenth century, as European empires searched for cheaper and more abundant sources of labour with which to exploit their colonies, the Atlantic slave trade grew exponentially as slaves became equated with racialized subjects. This article presents the case of Haiti as an example of continued imperial practices sustained by racial capitalism and the law of nations. In 1789, half a million slaves overthrew their French masters from the colony of Saint Domingue. After decades of defeating recolonization efforts and the loss of almost half their population and resources, Haitian leaders believed their declared independence of 1804 was insufficient, so in 1825 they reluctantly accepted recognition by France while being forced to pay an onerous indemnity debt. Though Haiti was manumitted through the promise of a debt payment, at the same time the new state was re-enslaved as France’s commercial colony. The indemnity debt had consequences for Haiti well into the current century, as today Haiti is one of the poorest and most dependent nations in the world. -
Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer. -
This Month in Latin American History March 12, 1671 Henry Morgan
This Month in Latin American History Depiction of the sack of Panama March 12, 1671 Henry Morgan returns to Port Royal following the sack of Panama As convoys of silver and other valuable cargo Between Spain and its New World colonies grew, Spain’s European rivals sought ways to profit from that trade. One of the most common tactics was to hire privateers- licensed pirates who sought to pick off ships or raid coastal communities along the main trade routes. In the 1660s, one of the most successful privateers was Henry Morgan of Wales, who had already staged several successful raids around the Caribbean before undertaking his most daring assault yet- an attack on Panama City. Even Before the construction of the Panama Canal in the early 20th century, the city was a crucial nexus of trade, But since it was on the Pacific side of the isthmus, the defenders were not prepared for Morgan’s force, which landed on the Caribbean side and marched across difficult terrain, taking the city almost completely By surprise. Despite the Spanish governor destroying most of the city’s treasury, Morgan’s crew remained for three weeks, and in the aftermath the Spanish reBuilt Panama city in a different, more defensible location. Upon his return to Port Royal, Jamaica, Morgan received a hero’s welcome, But not long afterward he was arrested, since he had technically broken a peace treaty between England and Spain. Though never punished, the Crown made it clear that Morgan was to retire- he was named deputy governor of Jamaica and awarded a large estate there, where he lived out his days in luxury. -
"Or This Whole Affair Is a Failure": a Special Treasury Agent's Observations of the Port Royal Experiment, Port Royal, South Carolina, April to May, 1862
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2016 "Or this whole affair is a failure": a special treasury agent's observations of the Port Royal Experiment, Port Royal, South Carolina, April to May, 1862 Michael Edward Scott Emett [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Emett, Michael Edward Scott, ""Or this whole affair is a failure": a special treasury agent's observations of the Port Royal Experiment, Port Royal, South Carolina, April to May, 1862" (2016). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1028. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1028 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. “OR THIS WHOLE AFFAIR IS A FAILURE”: A SPECIAL TREASURY AGENT’S OBSERVATIONS OF THE PORT ROYAL EXPERIMENT, PORT ROYAL, SOUTH CAROLINA, APRIL TO MAY, 1862 A thesis submitted to The Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History by Michael Edward Scott Emett Approved by Dr. Michael Woods, Committee Chairperson Dr. Robert Deal Dr. Tyler Parry Marshall University July 2016 APPROVAL OF THESIS We, the faculty supervising the work of Michael Edward Scott Emett, affirm that the thesis, "Or This Whole ffiir Is A Failure": A Special Treasury Agent's Observations of the Port Royal Experiment, Port Royal, South Carolins, April to May, 1865, meets dre high academic standards for original scholarship and creative work established by the Masters of History Program and the College of Liberal Arts. -
Unravelling Devon Involvement in Slave-Ownership Lucy
Unravelling Devon involvement in Slave-Ownership Lucy MacKeith ‘The early history of the United States of America owes more to Devon than to any other English county.’ Charles Owen (ed.), The Devon-American Story (1980) My task this afternoon is to unravel Devon’s involvement in slave-ownership. I have found the task overwhelming because of constantly finding new information – there are leads to follow down little branches of family trees, there are Devon’s country houses, a wealth of documents, and – of course – the internet. So this is a VERY brief introduction to unravelling Devon’s involvement with slave- ownership – much has been left out. Let’s start with Elias Ball. His story is in Slaves in the Family, written by descendant Edward Ball and published in 1998. Elias Ball by Jeremiah Theus (1716-1774). ‘Elias Ball, ...was born in 1676 in a tiny hamlet in western England called Stokeinteignhead. He inherited a plantation in Carolina at the end of the seventeenth century ...His life shows how one family entered the slave business in the birth hours of America. It is a tale composed equally of chance, choice and blood.’ The book has many Devon links – an enslaved woman called Jenny Buller reminds us of Redvers Buller’s family, a hill in one of the Ball plantations called ‘Hallidon Hill’ reminds us of Haldon Hill just outside Exeter; two family members return to England, one after the American War of Independence. This was Colonel Wambaw Elias Ball who had been involved in trading in enslaved Africans in Carolina. He was paid £12,700 sterling from the British Treasury and a lifetime pension in compensation for the slaves he had lost in the war of independence. -
Haiti: a Case Study of the International Response and the Efficacy of Nongovernmental Organizations in the Crisis
HAITI: A CASE STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE AND THE EFFICACY OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CRISIS by Leslie A. Benton* Glenn T. Ware** I. INTRODUCTION In 1990, a military coup ousted the democratically-elected president of Haiti, Jean- Bertrand Aristide. The United States led the international response to the coup, Operation Uphold Democracy, a multinational military intervention meant to restore the legitimate government of Haiti. The operation enjoyed widespread support on many levels: the United Nations provided the mandate, the Organization of American States (OAS) supported it, and many countries participated in the multinational force and the follow-on United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). International, regional, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) worked with the multinational force and later the UNMIH to restore the elected government and to provide humanitarian assistance to the people of Haiti. This article focuses on the latter aspect of the international response–the delivery of humanitarian aid. It closely examines the methods of interorganization coordination,[1] with particular attention given to the interaction among NGOs and the United States military. An examination of that relationship indicates that the infrastructure the military used to coordinate with the NGO community–the Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC)–was critical to the success of the humanitarian mission. Because both the military and the humanitarian community will probably have to work together again in humanitarian assistance operations in response to civil strife, each community must draw on the lessons of past operations to identify problems in coordination and to find solutions to those problems. II. THE STORY A. Haiti’s History: 1462-1970[2] Modern Haitian history began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus landed on Haiti near Cape Haitien on the north coast of Hispaniola.[3] At first, the island was an important colony and the seat of Spanish government in the New World, but Spain’s interest in Hispaniola soon waned. -
Sustentable De Especies De Tortuga
Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental Citar como: CCA (2017), Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga, Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental, Montreal, 56 pp. La presente publicación fue elaborada por Peter Paul van Dijk y Ernest W. T. Cooper, de E. Cooper Environmental Consulting, para el Secretariado de la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La información que contiene es responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de los gobiernos de Canadá, Estados Unidos o México. Se permite la reproducción de este material sin previa autorización, siempre y cuando se haga con absoluta precisión, su uso no tenga fines comerciales y se cite debidamente la fuente, con el correspondiente crédito a la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La CCA apreciará que se le envíe una copia de toda publicación o material que utilice este trabajo como fuente. A menos que se indique lo contrario, el presente documento está protegido mediante licencia de tipo “Reconocimiento – No comercial – Sin obra derivada”, de Creative Commons. Detalles de la publicación Categoría del documento: publicación de proyecto Fecha de publicación: mayo de 2017 Idioma original: inglés Procedimientos de revisión y aseguramiento de la calidad: Revisión final de las Partes: abril de 2017 QA313 Proyecto: Fortalecimiento de la conservación y el aprovechamiento sustentable de especies listadas en el Apéndice II de -
1715 Spanish Fleet - Bibliography Location of the Books Have Been Noted
1715 Spanish Fleet - Bibliography Location of the books have been noted. Indian River County Library system, Vero Beach, Florida Area Designation Key Bra Brackett Library – IRSC Mueller Campus Circ Circulating – All books may be checked out with a valid library card FL Florida circulating collection, 2nd Floor Main Library Fla. Coll. Florida Collection at the NCL in Sebastian Gen Desk Books are located behind the genealogy desk NCL North County Library (Sebastian) R‐FH Reference Florida History (Archive Center is non‐ circulating) R‐GEN Reference Genealogy (non‐circulating) 1. A Heritage Celebration! The Indian River county Story: Celebrating Florida’s 500th Anniversary, Thursday, March 14, 2013 the Heritage Center in the Heart of Historic Downtown Vero Beach. Vero Beach, FL: Heritage Center/Celebration Planning Committee, 2013. See pp. 9‐10 “Spanish Shipwrecks 1715” by Nichole Abt. R‐FH 975.928 HER 2. Anderson, Nina and Bill. Southern Treasures. Chester, CT: Globe Pequot Press, 1987. R‐FH 910.45 AND 3. Archival Information on the 1715 Fleet. Compiled by Jack Haskins. International Research Company, Islamorada, FL. Gen Desk R‐GEN 910.452 ARC 4. Armstrong, Douglas R. The Winter Beach Salvage Camp: One of Several Salvage Camps Established by the Spanish During Their Recovery Efforts on the Wrecked Plate Fleet of 1715. Signum Ops, Merritt, Island, FL 2012. R‐FH 975.928 ARM and FL 975.928 ARM 5. Barnette, Michael C. Encyclopedia of Florida Shipwrecks. Association, Tampa, FL 2010. R‐FH 910.452 BAR 6. Bowers and Ruddy Galleries Presents. The Harold A. Blauvelt, Iberoamerican and 1715 Spanish Treasure Fleet collections: and other important properties. -
Claes Gerritszoon Compaen
Claes Gerritszoon Compaen Claes Gerritszoon Compaen (Q8270). From Wikidata. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Privateer and pirate. Claas Compaan. Klaas Kompaan. edit. Also known as. English. Claes Gerritszoon Compaen. Privateer and pirate. Claas Compaan. Klaas Kompaan. Statements. instance of. human. Claes Gerritszoon Compaen (1587, Oostzaan, North Holland - 25 February 1660, Oostzaan), also called Claas Compaan or Klaas Kompaan, was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and merchant. Dissatisfied as a privateer for the Dutch Republic, he later turned to piracy capturing hundreds of ships operating in Europe, the Mediterranean and West Africa during the 1620s. Born in Oostzaan, his father was an alleged member of the Geuzen of Dirck Duyvel housed in Zaanstreek allied other nobleman in opposition of Spanish Claes Gerritszoon Compaen was born in Oostzaan in 1587. He was a merchant who had some succes sailing along the coast of Guinea (on the Westcoast of Africa). The money he earned this way he used to equip his ship for privateering against the Spaniards, the pirates/privateers of Duinkerken and Oostende. Claes Gerritszoon Compaen (died 1660AD - Privateer). Daniel Defoe (died 1731AD - Explorer). David Marteen (death Unknown - Pirate). Diego de Almagro (died 1538Ad - Explorer). Diego Velasquez de Cuellar (died 1524AD - Explorer). Dirk Chivers (death Unknown - Pirate). Dixie Bull (death Unknown - Pirate). Every Mac comes preinstalled with Gerritszoon.' But not Gerritszoon Display. That, you have to steal." â“Clay Jannon, Mr.â¦Â âœI chime in, â˜Yeah, he printed them using a brand-new typeface, made by a designer named Griffo Gerritszoon. It was awesome. Nobody has ever seen anything like it, and itâ™s still basically the most famous typeface ever. -
Ye Intruders Beware: Fantastical Pirates in the Golden Age of Illustration
YE INTRUDERS BEWARE: FANTASTICAL PIRATES IN THE GOLDEN AGE OF ILLUSTRATION Anne M. Loechle Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of the History of Art Indiana University November 2010 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee _________________________________ Chairperson, Sarah Burns, Ph.D. __________________________________ Janet Kennedy, Ph.D. __________________________________ Patrick McNaughton, Ph.D. __________________________________ Beverly Stoeltje, Ph.D. November 9, 2010 ii ©2010 Anne M. Loechle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgments I am indebted to many people for the help and encouragement they have given me during the long duration of this project. From academic and financial to editorial and emotional, I was never lacking in support. I am truly thankful, not to mention lucky. Sarah Burns, my advisor and mentor, supported my ideas, cheered my successes, and patiently edited and helped me to revise my failures. I also owe her thanks for encouraging me to pursue an unorthodox topic. From the moment pirates came up during one of our meetings in the spring of 2005, I was hooked. She knew it, and she continuously suggested ways to expand the idea first into an independent study, and then into this dissertation. My dissertation committee – Janet Kennedy, Patrick McNaughton, and Beverly Stoeltje – likewise deserves my thanks for their mentoring and enthusiasm. Other scholars have graciously shared with me their knowledge and input along the way. David M. Lubin read a version of my third chapter and gave me helpful advice, opening up to me new ways of thinking about Howard Pyle in particular. -
Literature of the Low Countries
Literature of the Low Countries A Short History of Dutch Literature in the Netherlands and Belgium Reinder P. Meijer bron Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries. A short history of Dutch literature in the Netherlands and Belgium. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague / Boston 1978 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/meij019lite01_01/colofon.htm © 2006 dbnl / erven Reinder P. Meijer ii For Edith Reinder P. Meijer, Literature of the Low Countries vii Preface In any definition of terms, Dutch literature must be taken to mean all literature written in Dutch, thus excluding literature in Frisian, even though Friesland is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the same way as literature in Welsh would be excluded from a history of English literature. Similarly, literature in Afrikaans (South African Dutch) falls outside the scope of this book, as Afrikaans from the moment of its birth out of seventeenth-century Dutch grew up independently and must be regarded as a language in its own right. Dutch literature, then, is the literature written in Dutch as spoken in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the so-called Flemish part of the Kingdom of Belgium, that is the area north of the linguistic frontier which runs east-west through Belgium passing slightly south of Brussels. For the modern period this definition is clear anough, but for former times it needs some explanation. What do we mean, for example, when we use the term ‘Dutch’ for the medieval period? In the Middle Ages there was no standard Dutch language, and when the term ‘Dutch’ is used in a medieval context it is a kind of collective word indicating a number of different but closely related Frankish dialects. -
Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas R
The Purdue Historian Volume 8 Article 5 2017 Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas R. Meeks Jr. Purdue University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian Part of the History Commons, and the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Meeks, Thomas R. Jr.. "Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy." The Purdue Historian 8, 1 (2017). http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian/vol8/iss1/5 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Cover Page Footnote A special thanks to Heidi and Jordan. This article is available in The urP due Historian: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian/vol8/iss1/5 Meeks: Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas Meeks Jr. History 395 [email protected] (847) 774-0721 Published by Purdue e-Pubs, 2017 1 The Purdue Historian, Vol. 8 [2017], Art. 5 th On June 7 , 1692, a cataclysmic earthquake ravaged the flourishing English town of Port Royal, Jamaica. Emmanuel Heath, a local reverend, described the event, “I found the ground rowling [growling] and moving under my feet... we heard the Church and Tower fall... and made toward Morgan’s Fort, which being a wide open place, I thought to be there securest from the falling houses; But as I made toward it, I saw the Earth open and swallow up a multitude of people, and the sea 1 mounting in upon us over the fortifications.” This historic natural disaster caused two-thirds of the city to be swallowed into the Caribbean Sea, killing an estimated 2,000 people at the time of the earthquake, and another 2,000 from injury, disease, and extreme lawlessness in the days following.