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Mongolia: Western Regional Road Corridor Development Project – Phase I

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Mongolia: Western Regional Road Corridor Development Project – Phase I Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Numbers: 39265 and 39493 August 2007 Mongolia: Western Regional Road Corridor Development Project – Phase I Prepared by the Government of Mongolia for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 18 July 2007) Currency Unit – togrog (MNT) MNT1.00 = $0.00086 $1.00 = MNT1,163.50 The exchange rate of the togrog is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report, the rate used is the rate prevailing as of 18 July 2007. ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan GDP – gross domestic product GPS – global positioning system IBA – important bird area KNP – Khar-Us Nuur National Park MNE – Ministry of Nature and Environment MNR – Manhan Nature Reserve MRTT – Ministry of Road, Transport and Tourism NAMHEM – National Agency of Meteorology Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring Agency NGO – nongovernment organization PIU – project implementation unit RSRC – Road Supervision Research Center SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SPA – strictly protected area WCS – World Conservation Society WWF – World Wild Fund for Nature WEIGHTS AND MEASURES оС – degree Celsius ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAP I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Definition of the Project Area 2 B. Physical Resources 3 C. Ecological Resources 4 D. Special Protected Areas 6 E. Economic Development of the Western Corridor 9 F. Social and Cultural Resources of the Western Corridor 10 IV. ALTERNATIVES 11 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 13 A. Scoping B. Measures before Construction 13 C. Physical Environment 14 D. Socioeconomic Impacts 14 E. Possible Change in Alignment 19 21 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 21 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 22 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 24 IX. CONCLUSION 25 APPENDIXES 1. Terms of Reference for the Topographical and Environmental Survey 26 2. Environmental Management Plan 28 3. Implementation Time Frame 37 4. Environmental Monitoring Plan 38 96o 00'E 111 o 00'E RUSSIAN FEDERATION o o 50 00'N Ulaangom 50 00'N UVS HOVSGOL Suhbaatar SELENGE Moron BULGAN Olgiy Darhan R U S S I A N Erdenet DARHAN-UUL BAYAN- Hovd OLGIY ZAVHAN Bulgan ORHON HENTIY Choybalsan F E D E R A T I O N ARHANGAY ULAANBAATAR ULAANBAATAR Uliastay DORNOD Tsetserleg TOV HOVD Ondorhaan Bayanhongor GOVISUMBER Baruun-Urt Altay Choyr Arvayheer SUHBAATAR Mandalgovi Shiikhen National GOVI-ALTAY OVORHANGAY Saynshand Project Area DUNDGOVI Park Part B BAYANHONGOR DORNOGOVI Ulaanbaishint Dalanzadgad 42 o 00'N OMNOGOVI 42 o 00'N Tsugaannuur Shiikhen National Park Part A Shiilkhen PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IBA 96o 00'E 111 o 00'E 92 o 00'E Tsambagaray Olgiy National Park MONGOLIA WESTERN REGIONAL ROAD CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Phase I Tolbo Lake IBA Tolbo Lake Tolbo Ch ing gis PHASE - I W I all Khar Us Nurur 48 o 00'N Hovd IBAs Khar-Us Nuur National Park 48 o 00'N M O N G O Manhan L Nature Reserve I A PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC N OF CHINA Manhan A L T A P Y H A S R E - A I National Park N Nature Reserve G E Mountain National Capital Provincial Capital B O Most Other Town/Village D A N C Important Bird Area (IBA) H C A Project Road N Y O Phase II Road N Other Road N Chinggis Wall Yarant River Uyench Provincial Boundary 0 15 30 45 60 Bulgan River Bulgan International Boundary Nature Reserve Bulgan River Kilometers Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. IBA Altai 92 o 00'E 07-1982 HR I. INTRODUCTION 1. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) describes the possible environmental impacts of the construction and operation of the proposed Western Regional Road Corridor Development Project – Phase I (the Project) in Mongolia and recommends measures to mitigate adverse impacts. The SEIA conforms to the Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and the Environment Policy (2002) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). ADB rates the Project as category A, according to its environmental classification criteria. This SEIA is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) prepared by the project preparatory technical assistance consultant team.1 2. Mongolia’s EIA requirements are regulated by the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, which defines two types of EIAs: general and detailed. To initiate a general EIA, the project implementer submits a brief description of the project to the Ministry of Nature and Environment (MNE), including the feasibility study, technical details, and drawings. The general EIA will lead to one of four conclusions: (i) no detailed EIA is necessary, (ii) the project may be completed pursuant to specific conditions, (iii) a detailed EIA is necessary, or (iv) the project is canceled. The scope of the detailed EIA is defined by the general EIA. The detailed EIA contains the following chapters: (i) environmental baseline data; (ii) project alternatives; (iii) recommendations for minimizing, mitigating, and eliminating impacts; (iv) analysis of extent and distribution of adverse impacts and their consequences; (v) risk assessment; (vi) environmental protection plan; (vii) environmental monitoring program; and (viii) opinions of residents on whether the project should be implemented. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3. The Government of Mongolia, acting through its Ministry of Road, Transport, and Tourism (MRTT), is undertaking development of a road corridor in the western region of Mongolia (the Western Road Corridor Project). The corridor is approximately 748.4 kilometers (km) and connects Yarant (at the Mongolia-Republic of China [PRC] border) and Ulaanbaishint (at the Mongolia-Russian Federation border). It is to improve the country’s internal transport network and increase trade and transit links between Mongolia and the PRC and Russian Federation. The Government carried out a feasibility study and an EIA for the entire road length. The detailed EIA is being prepared using the EIA prepared by the project preparatory technical assistance consultants, which includes assessment required for the detailed EIA. MNE is expected to approve the detailed EIA for the entire road in August 2007. 4. The Western Road Corridor Project will be implemented into two phases: phase I, from the Mongolia-PRC border to Hovd (431.2 km), will start construction in 2008. Phase II, from Hovd to the Mongolia-Russian Federation border, will start construction in 2010. This SEIA is for Phase I. When the phase II project is prepared, a separate SEIA will be prepared. 5. The road corridor crossing plains and hilly areas are earth multitracks. For decades, the lack of paved roads has resulted in drivers optimizing their traffic routes within road corridors throughout virgin lands. In many sections, as many as 50 or more tracks can be spread across the width of the plain. This leads to land degradation, damages flora, triggers erosion, and generates substantial dust. The Project will select one of the tracks and pave it. The main 1 TERA International Group, Inc. 2007. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance Final Report Mongolian Western Road Corridor Project. Manila. 2 construction activities 2 will be inside the existing multitrack area with no realignments or development of new alignments in previously undisturbed areas. 6. The entire corridor between Yarant and Ulaanbaishint (the Western Corridor) will be designed as a two-lane road. The road improvement works proposed are (i) road upgrading on the existing alignment; (ii) asphalt concrete overlay with an asphalt concrete regulating course, providing selected fills and granular material for shoulders; (iii) blasting works (where required) to widen the existing road in limited areas; (iv) road markings, road signs, and guide posts; (v) construction of road maintenance centers and rest areas; and (vi) new construction and reconstruction works for pipe culverts, box culverts, and single- to 3-span bridges with lengths up to 45 meters (m) (a total3 of eight bridges and 132 culverts). Total earthwork and pavement quantities for the Project are given in Table 1. Table 1: Earthworks and Pavement for the Project Item Total Quantity (m3) Phase I (m3) Phase II (m3) Subbase 1,385,230 764,280 620,950 Embankment fill 7,039,393 3,690,981 3,348,412 Excavation 2,697,963 951,904 1,746,059 Asphalt concrete mixture 4,580,800 2,570,400 2,010,400 m3 = cubic meter. Source:TERA International Group, Inc. 2007. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance Final Report Mongolian Western Road Corridor Project. Manila. 7. Project Location. The Western Corridor is located in western Mongolia. The Project will upgrade approximately 367 km road of between Bulgan, near the Mongolia-PRC border,4 and Hovd, the aimag center. 8. Implementation Schedule. The road upgrading will require approximately 6 years. Asphalt pavement work is limited to 5 months of the year (May–September) and earthwork is limited to 6 months of the year (May–October) because of cold weather. Stockpiling of aggregates, precast concrete structures, and other preparatory works can be conducted throughout the year. The scheduling includes (i) detailed design and tender documents, 12 months; (ii) prequalification of contractors, 3 months; (iii) tendering for civil works, 2 months; and (iv) implementation of civil works, 42 months. Civil works contracts will include a defect liability period of 12 months. III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Definition of the Project Area 9. The potentially affected area associated with the Project is defined principally in regard to two factors: nature and scale of the proposed action, and sensitivity and circumstances of the environment in which the proposed action will occur or gives rise to special concern.
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