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Seismic Philately Seismic Philately adapted from the 2008 CUREE Calendar introduction by David J. Leeds © 2007 - All Rights Reserved. Stamps shown on front cover (left to right): • Label created by Chicago businessmen to help raise relief for the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake • Stamp commemorating the 1944 San Juan, Argentina Earthquake • Stamp commemorating the 1954 Orleansville, Algeria Earthquake • Stamp commemorating the 1953 Zante, Greece Earthquake • Stamp from 75th Anniversary stamp set commemorating the 1931 Hawkes Bay, New Zealand Earthquake • Stamp depicting a lake formed by a landslide triggered by the 1923 Kanto, Japan Earthquake Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering 1301 South 46th Street, Richmond, CA 94804-4600 tel: 510-665-3529 fax: 510-665-3622 CUREE http://www.curee.org Seismic Philately by David J. Leeds Introduction Philately is simply the collection and the study of postage stamps. Some of the Secretary of the Treasury, and as a last resort, bisected stamps could stamp collectors (philatelists) collect only from their native country, others be used for half their face value. (see March) collect from the stamp-issuing countries around the world. Other philately collections are defined by topic, such as waterfalls, bridges, men with beards, FDC, first day cover, or Covers, are sometimes created to commerate the nudes, maps, flowers, presidents, Americans on foreign stamps, etc. Many first day a new stamp is issued. As part of the presentation, an envelope of the world’s stamps that are related to the topic of earthquakes have been with the new postage stamp is cancelled on the first day of issue. Additional compiled in this publication. information and/or artwork, called a cachet, may be included. Earthquakes impact philately in two major ways. First is the transient effect Free Franking is where no stamps are required to indicate postage paid. of shaking, which disturbs or damages the physical postal system and This is done by order of the post office department, or other agency, usually interferes with its operation. During this initial period, while repairs and following a disaster, when access to post offices is limited. An example of reconstruction are underway, we may find free stampless mail, covers and this is shown for the San Francisco 1906 Earthquake (April). Due to the cards flown on emergency flights, and other makeshift arrangements that damage to post offices, and their limited access by the public, free mail was mark the event. The other more lasting impact is on the production of accepted for about three weeks after the earthquake. Congress and other commemorative stamps, fund- raising semi-postal stamps, and postal tax Federal agencies use this term, but their free franked envelopes are actually stamps. Examples of all of the above are shown on pages of this calendar. prepaid. Philatelists have their own vocabulary that may need explanation. Postal Tax Stamps are small denomination stamps that indicate a tax above the regular postal rate was paid; usually required on all mail issued on a Cachet refers to the printed or hand-stamped information on a cover. It particular day or for a few days only. In some Arab countries, the tax is may be official, confirming mail service, or a decoration supplying restricted to the issuing country and other Arab countries. Examples are information (see February airmail envelope from Antarctica ). shown, mostly from Lebanon. Control Overprints: Many Latin American countries issue commemorative Labels are non-denominated adhesives (stamps) issued by non- stamps with published periods of validity. These may run for days, weeks, governmental agencies. They look like stamps but have no real franking or even a year. At the end of the period of validity the stamps will no longer value. Examples would be the several labels issued by the Japanese be accepted for use. Authorities may extend the period by overprinting the Women’s Club of Los Angeles for the 1923 Tokyo Earthquake (September), stamps with the word “HABILITADA” which means re-habilitated, or the Chicago Business Association stamp issued for the 1906 San Francisco acceptable for use. In 1931 in Managua, Nicaragua after the earthquake, Earthquake (April), or the 1907 triangle label issued by the Massachusetts the post office vaults were broken open and huge quantities of stamps were Red Cross for the Messina, Italy Earthquake (December). stolen. To avert a shortage of stock, everything on hand not stolen (including demonetized stamps) were overprinted, either with “1931” or the signature Perforations are the tiny holes that make individual separation easy. There About the author are other means of separation such as roulette, a process by which paper is slit between stamps to make their separation easier, and die cut, where Following his graduation from the machines are used to cut out each stamp, such as in self-adhesive stamps University of Texas in 1939, the first that have a backing. Imperforate indicates the absence of these little experience in engineering and seismology helpers. The most important example is the issue of Japan’s 1923 Dragonfly of David Leeds was in gravity and seismic (September). The roof of the factory building collapsed on the gumming exploration on the U. S. Gulf Coast. He and perforating machinery in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. For the entered the U.S. Air Corp in 1942, and is first time since Japan’s first stamp issue in 1871, the stamp was printed currently a retired Lt. Colonel devoting most without perforations or gum. of his time to his hobby, philately (stamp collecting.) David J. Leeds Postage Due Stamps are special stamps affixed by the Post Office to letters to collect sums upon delivery for deficient (not prepaid) or insufficient Mr. Leeds coined the title “Engineering postage. In certain cases there is a fine fixed at twice the deficiency. Portugal Seismologist,” a profession he has practiced since joining the USC&GC issued double face value postage due stamps to be used for the improper (United States Coast and Geodetic Survey) Seismological Field Survey, use of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake Commemorative (November). The Strong Motion Program in 1948 as a geophysicist. Following were postage stamps were mandatory on certain days on the continent and in the assignments as a Research Engineer at UCLA, a geophysicist with Dames many colonies. & Moore, independent practice, and finally, virtual retirement. Stamps implies postage stamps, usually perforated and gummed, but The admiration in which he is held by both the earthquake and philately almost always with a designated value. fields is indicated by the fact that he is an Honorary Member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), and a National Judge Semi-Postals are stamps that are valid for postage at the standard designate of the American Philatelic Society. He has a desk full of gold awards for rate at the time of issue, plus a small additional charge. The difference exhibits of his Canal Zone stamps. He edited the journal The Canal Zone between the sales price of the stamp and the underlying postage, consists of Philatelist for about seven years, as well as EERI’s Newsletter for about a contribution to support some sort of charity, such as child welfare, postal the same period. employee pensions, Olympic stadiums, and other worthwhile causes. Semi- Postals are much more common abroad. Quite a few are shown here raising funds for disaster relief. All of the stamps shown here are from the collection of David J. Leeds and are reproduced with his permission. A. C. D. B. A surcharge was added to pre-printed stamps to raise relief funds by adding an overprint; sometimes the overprint was inverted. January Stamps A. January 10, 1977 – First Day cover commemorating the Sixth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering; stamp depicts the Earth’s crust with fault and seismograph. B. Letter airmailed after the January 15, 1934 Bihar-Nepal, India Earthquake and delivered by an earthquake relief plane. C. One of the earliest semi-postal stamps issued (some were printed with an inverted overprint), benefiting the CUREE January 19, 1907 Kingston, Jamaica earthquake relief fund. D. First day covers, cache, and stamp 2008 commemorating the January 15, 1944 San Juan, Argentina Earthquake. CONSORTIUM of UNIVERSITIES for RESEARCH in EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING January JANUARY: Janus, Roman god of doors, beginnings, sunset and sunrise, had one face looking forward and one backward 2008 SUNDAYMONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 1 2 3 4 5 New Year's Day 678 9 10 11 12 1857 Fort Tejon, CA Earthquake 1693 Sicily, Italy Earthquake Islamic New Year (1429) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1995 Hanshin (Kobe), Japan EQ. 1915 Avezzano, Italy Earthquake 1944 San Juan, Argentina EQ 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2001 Bhuj, India Earthquake 1700 Cascadia Subduction Zone, Martin Luther King, Jr's 1999 Quindio, Columbia WA Earthquake Birthday (observed) 1857 Andrija Mohorovicic born 1980 Livermore, CA Earthquake Earthquake 1531 Lisbon, Portugal Earthquake 27 28 29 30 31 Sunday: Sunnenday Monday: Monan daeg Tuesday: Tiwes daeg Wednesday: Woensdag Thursday: Thursdaeg (Old Friday: Frigedaeg (Anglo Saturday: Saeterdaeg (Middle English transla- (Anglo Saxon, monan, (Anglo Saxon Tiw, war (Danish, Woen, Woden, chief English; Thorr, Icelandic, Saxon; Frige, Frigga, chief (Anglo Saxon; Saeter, tion of Greek Hemera moon; daeg, day): the god, related to Greek god Norse god, Frigga's husband; thundergod; daeg, Anglo Norse goddess,Woden's wife; Saturn, Roman god of time; heliou): the sun's day moon's day Zeus; daeg, day): Tiw's day dag, day): Woden's day Saxon, day): Thor's day daeg, day); Frigga's day daeg, day); Saturn's day CUREE CONSORTIUM OF UNIVERSITIES for RESEARCH in EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING CUREE A. B. The Leap Year Earthquake The red "X" indicates the destruction of the city.
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