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Jamaican Seismology with Reference to Other Islands in the Greater Antilles Margaret D

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Jamaican Seismology with Reference to Other Islands in the Greater Antilles Margaret D Jamaican Seismology with reference to other islands in the Greater Antilles Margaret D. Wiggins-Grandison Earthquake Unit University of the West Indies- Mona Jamaica December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Contents Historical earthquakes Tectonic setting Recent significant earthquakes Current seismicity Research and development Future outlook December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD The Earthquake Unit • operate the Jamaica Seismograph Network (JSN) [12 stations, 8 accelerographs] • maintain a database of all earthquakes recorded by the JSN • inform the public about recent earthquakes • collect information about effects of earthquakes felt in Jamaica • conduct research on the seismicity, seismic hazard, site response and vibration analyses & related fields • Exchange data with international and regional networks • Jamaica’s National Data Centre of the Comprehensive (Nuclear) Test-Ban Treaty Organization’s (CTBTO) International Data Centre December• Welcome 5-6, 2005 visits from school MDWG-ISE/CD & community groups Global frequency of occurrence of earthquakes Magnitude Occurrence on Descriptor average per year ≥ 8 1 Great 7-7.9 17 Major 6-6.9 134 Strong 5-5.9 1,319 Moderate 4-4.9 Est. 13,000 Light 3-3.9 Est. 130,000 Minor 2-2.9 Est. 1,300,000 Very minor December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Historical Earthquakes Eastern Jamaica Western Jamaica • 1692 (X) • 1839 (VII) • 1771 (VII) • 1943 (VII) • 1812 (VIII) • 1957 (VIII) • 1907 (IX) • 1914 (VII) • 1993 (VII) December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD 1692 Port Royal, Jamaica December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD 1946 DR earthquake December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Average Frequency of earthquakes Return Period Magnitude (Years) 4.0 1.1 5.0 8.7 5.4 20.0 6.0 70.0 7.0 611.0 December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Jamaican earthquakes per century 300 250 200 150 100 1600-1699 Number of events of Number 50 1700-1799 0 1800-1899 III IV V 1900-1999 VI VII 2000-2999 VIII Intensity IX X III IV V VI VII VIII IX X 1600-1699 11111101 1700-1799 18631000 1800-1899 97 88 53 10 1 1 0 0 1900-1999 276 176 60 21 3 1 1 0 2000-2999 19 8 2 1 December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Fault types Normal Strike-slip Reverse December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Tectonic setting December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Jamaican seismicity SEISMICITY AND TECTONICS OF JAMAICA −76.5 −76 −75.5 −79.5 −79 −78.5 −78 −77.5 −77 19 NJF North Jamaica 19 km WFZ Walton NJF 0 50 DFZ Duanvale 18.5 18.5 RMCR Rio Minho- DFZ ML Crawle River NCB H WW WFZ RMCR MNB Montpelier- ST BM B EF SCr Newmarket VA 18 18 YPG WWB Wagwater C SoC YPG Yallahs- MNB WWB Plantain Garden 17.5 17.5 SCr Santa Cruz −75.5 −79.5 −79 −78.5 −78 −77.5 −77 −76.5 −76 ST Spur Tree SoC South Coast GMT 2005 Jan 26 10:08:17 BM Blue Mountain December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Stress orientations in the Jamaican crust December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Aenon Town,Central Jamaica June 12, 2005, M 5.1 December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD June 12 Damage - Toppled Cockpit summit - Frazier, SW St. Ann December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD House Damage – June 12 - Lemon Walk, Trelawny ; Top Alston, Clarendon ; Grant’s Bailey, St. Ann December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Cayman EQ, Dec 14, 2004, M 6.8 December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD PGA – PAIGH (Shepherd et al., 1999) December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Site classes - Kingston December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD www.oas.org/CDMP/hazmap.htm/kma.htm December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Alluvial Plain dynamics AmplificationAmplification isis variablevariable acrossacross thethe plainplain dependingdepending onon thethe locationlocation ofof thethe sourcesource andand thethe positionposition withinwithin thethe plainplain LargeLarge amplificationsamplifications overover widewide rangerange ofof frequenciesfrequencies expectedexpected atat thethe marginsmargins ofof thethe plainplain fromfrom nearbynearby earthquakeearthquake sourcessources ShiftShift toto lowerlower frequencyfrequency responseresponse asas basinbasin deepensdeepens toto thethe south.south. December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Amplitude attenuation observed in coda waves Near-surface attenuation πft − −β −πfκ Q( f ) A( f ,t) = t A0e e Geometrical spreading Whole-path intrinsic attenuation December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Q(f) for Jamaica compared with other places 2000 Ca 1500 Cuba 1000 ENA Q(f) 500 LI T&T 0 Ja 012345678910 PR frequency, Hertz December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Attenuation – Ca vs Ja December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Summary •The northern Caribbean plate boundary deforms by left-lateral strike-slip •The slip rates are relatively slow 18-20 mm/yr implying long return periods of potentially devastating earthquakes •Microplates are forming in response to blocking of the westward drift of the Caribbean plate in the north- eastern corner by the Bahamas Platform •Constructing local spectral attenuation relation is a necessary prelude to constructing proper spectral hazard maps. December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD THE END December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD TSUNAMIS IN JAMAICA (Lander et al., 2002) 1 in 160 years Earthquakes a ship at sea damaged by not hurricane season; No report 1688 Mar-01 felt hurricane of tsunami reaching the shore Earthquake MMI X in the harbour sea withdrew 1692 Jun-07 estimated Port Royal sank - 2000 killed 274m, 1.8m wave, sea magnitude withdrew 1.6 km at Yallahs? 7.5 Sea agitated, sea floor subsided no report of tsunami reaching the 1812 Nov-11 Earthquake at Annotto Bay causing a ship to shore loose it anchor ship 113 km from Jamaica no affected by turbulent sea no report of tsunami reaching the 1852 Jul-17 earthquake simultaneous with agitation in shore reported harbour at Santiago de Cuba seiches of 2.5m in Kingston Earthquake harbour, waves up to 2.5 m MMI IX Kingston earthquake - 1000 affected the north coast from 1907 Jan-14 estimated M killed, Buff Bay to St. Anns Bay, sea 6.5 receded up to 93 m at Annotto Bay, 69m at Ocho Rios December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Tsunamis in Hispaniola (Lander et al., 2002); 1 in 25 years destroyed Port au Prince and Sep- 1751 Earthquake Ms 8.0 caused subsidence off the no tsunami reported Nov? coast Jun- Earthquake 200 fatalities at Port-au- waves noted at the Gulf of Gonave and 1770 03 Ms 8.0 Prince Arcahaie, 7.2 km inland inundated Feb/ Earthquake 1775 Leveled storehouses much damage by waves also in Cuba Mar Ms 8.0 destructive tsunami on the north coast, sea May- Earthquake receded 60 m, waves 5m killed 300 of 1842 4,000 - 5,000 killed 07 Ms 8.0 3,000, at St. John wave height 3.1m, at Santo Domingo 2m Mar- Earthquake felt at Port-au-Prince and waves noted at the Gulf of Gonave and 1860 08 Ms 8.0 Anse-a-Veau other places Sep- Earthquake felt at Port-de-Paix, Inagua & at Jeremie, sea withdrew 20m and returned 1887 23 Ms 8.0 Jamaica with a rush powerful waves in Santo Domingo harbour 1916 Aug no earthquake wrecked an 18,000-lb. ship, waves >15 m high at Santa Domingo water in Rio Ozama fall Oct- Earthquake M7.5 in 1918 sub-marine cables cut and rose 70 cm every 40 minutes - 140 11 Mona Passage killed in tsunami Matancitas destroyed by 2.5m tsunami, at Julia Molina 4-5m, killed 100? waves at Aug- devastated the Dominican San Juan 36 mins later, damage on west 1946 Earthquake M 8.1 04 Republic and Haiti coast PR, reached Bermuda 2hrs 7 mins later, also reached Daytona Beach and December 5-6, 2005 MDWG-ISE/CD Atlantic City.
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