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Disaster Risk Management in Latin America

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Disaster Risk Management in Latin America Foreword Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNIT n LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Public Disclosure Authorized Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes Public Disclosure Authorized This volume is a product of the staff of the The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Design: [email protected] 100% The text is printed on Rolland Enviro 100% Postconsumer Paper ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / v ABBREVIATIONS / vii INTRODUCTION / xiv GFDRR PrioritY Countries / 1 Haiti / 2 Panama / 18 DONOR Earmarked Countries / 31 Colombia / 32 Costa Rica / 44 Ecuador / 58 Guatemala / 70 OTHER Latin American and CARIBBEAN Countries / 83 Antigua and Barbuda / 84 Belize / 92 Bolivia / 102 Dominica / 114 Dominican Republic / 124 El Salvador / 140 Grenada / 158 Honduras / 168 Jamaica / 182 Nicaragua / 196 Peru / 208 St. Kitts and Nevis / 218 St. Lucia / 226 St. Vincent and the Grenadines / 236 REFERENCES / 245 iii ACKL NOW EDGMENTS his publication was composed by the LCR Disaster Risk Management Team of the World Bank. The team would like to recognize the following past and present team members: Aires Nunes da Conceicao, Ana TDaza, Ana Maria Torres, Armando Guzman, Beatriz Pozueta, Christine Herridge, David Lallemant, Edward Anderson, Emma Phillips, Eric Dickson, Fernando Ramirez Cortes, Francis Ghesquiere, Gaetano Vivo, Galen Evans, Gerald Meier, Joaquin Toro, Justin Taylor Locke, Laura Dorling, Luis Corrales, Marco Antonio Rodriguez, Maria Elena Soria, Niels Holm-Nielsen, Oscar Apodaca, Oscar Ishizawa, Osmar Velasco, Ross Gartley, Rossella Della Monica, Sergio Mora, Stuart Gill, Tiguist Fisseha, Trish Barrett, Ulrich Myboto, Violeta Wagner, and Zuzana Tomkova. v ABBREVIATIONS AECI Spanish International Cooperation Agency AGIES Guatemalan Association of Seismic Engineers AME Asociación de Municipios del Ecuador (Ecuador Association of Municipalities) AMHON Honduran Association of Municipalities ANAM National Environment Authority BCIE Central American Development Bank BECOL Belize Electricity Company Limited CAM Comisión Ambiental Municipal (Municipal Environmental Commission) CAPRA Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment CAPRADE Comité Andino para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres (Andean Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response) CAR Comisión Ambiental Regional (Regional Environmental Commission) CARICOM Caribbean Community CAS Country Assistance Strategy CAT DDO Catastrophe Deferred Draw Down Option CATHALAC Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean CCCCC Caribbean Community Climate Change Center CCRIF Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency CDERA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency CDMP Comisión de Demografía y Movimiento Poblacional (Demography and Population Migrations) CDPC Comité Départementaux de Protection Civile (Departmental Disaster Risk Management Committees) CEDERI Centro de Estudios sobre Desastres y Riesgos (Disaster and Risk Study Center) CEOT Comité Ejecutivo de Ordenamiento Territorial (Executive Committee of Territorial Planning) CEPLAN National Center for Strategic Planning CEPREDENAC Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres Naturales en América Central (Coordination Center for Natural Disaster Prevention in Central America) CIDES Comisión Interagencial de Datos Espaciales (Interagency Technical Commission on Spatial Data) CIIFEN Centro Internacional para la Investigación del Fenómeno de El Niño (International Center for El Niño Research) CISMID Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation CMRRD Multisectoral Commission on Risk Reduction in Development CNAES Comisión Nacional de Asentamientos Humanos, Infraestructura y Equipamiento Social (National Commission on Human Settlements, Infrastructure and Social Tooling) CNE National Risk Prevention and Emergency Management Commission CNGR Comisión Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos (National Risk Management Commission) vii Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes CNGRD National Disaster Risk Management Council COE Center for Emergency Operations COHEP Honduran Council of Private Enterprise COLRED Local Coordinator for Disaster Reduction COMRED Municipal Coordinator for Disaster Reduction CONARADE National Council of Risk Reduction and Disaster Response CONARE National Deans’ Commission CONOT Consejo Nacional de Ordenamiento Territorial (National Council of Territorial Zoning) CONPES Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (National Council of Social and Economic Policy) CONRED National Coordinator for Disaster Reduction COPECO Comisión Permanente de Contingencias (Standing Commission of Contingencies) CORRED Regional Coordinator for Disaster Reduction COVIAL Unidad de Conservación Vial (Road Conservation Unit) CPNTC Comisión de Patrimonio Natural, Cultural y Turismo (Natural and Cultural Heritage and Tourism Commission) CRI Climate Risk Index CRID Regional Disaster Information Center for Latin America and the Caribbean CRNAP Comisión de Recursos Naturales Renovables y No Renovables y de Áreas Protegidas (Commission on Renewable and Non-Renewable Natural Resources, and Protected Areas) CRTV Catastrophic Risk Transfer Vehicle CRV Cellule de Réduction de la Vulnérabilité (Vulnerability Reduction Cell) CSS Caja del Seguro Social (Social Security Administration) CuBIC Caribbean Building Code CHAMP Caribbean Hazard Mitigation Capacity Building Program DCA Development Control Authority DFID UK Department for International Development DGODT General Directorate for Land Use Planning and Development DGOT Dirección General de Ordenamiento Territorial (National Directorate of Territorial Zoning) DGR National Directorate for Disaster Prevention and Management DHN Dirección de Hidrografía y Navegación de la Marina de Guerra de Perú (Hydrographical and Naval Authority of Peru) DIPECHO ECHO’s Disaster Preparedness Program DNP Departamento Nacional de Planeación (National Planning Department) DPC Directorate of Civil Protection DPL Development Policy Loan DRM Disaster Risk Management D-SNET Division of the National Service of Territorial Studies EC European Commission ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOPETROL Colombian Oil Company ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection EIA Environmental Impact Assessment viii ABBREVIATIONS EMAAP-Q Empresa Metropolitana de Alcantarillado y Agua Potable de Quito (Quito Metropolitan Sewerage and Drinking Water Company) ENCC Office of the National Strategy on Climate Change ENSO El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation EOC Emergency Operations Center ERN Evaluación de Riesgos Naturales ETESA Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A. (Electricity Transmission Company) EWS Early Warning System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FEDEHCAMARA Federation of the Commerce and Industry Chambers FEWS Flood Early Warning Systems FGHI Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike FISE Social Investment Fund FNC First National Communication FONAPAZ Fondo Nacional para la Paz (National Fund for Peace) FONAPRE Fondo Nacional de Preparación y Respuesta a Emergencias (National Emergency Preparedness and Response Fund) FOREC Reconstruction Fund for the Coffee Region GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GIS Geographic Information System GNP Gross National Product GPSP Government of Panama Strategic Plan GRIP Global Risk Identification Program GruS Grupo de Socios para el Desarrollo de Bolivia (Group of Partners for Development of Bolivia) GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Society for Technical Cooperation) HDI Human Development Index HFA Hyogo Framework for Action HPI Human Poverty Index IADB Inter-American Development Bank ICA International Cooperation Agency ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IDEAM Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (Colombian Institute for Hydrology, Meteorology and Environment Studies) IDF Institutional Development Fund IDP Internally Displaced Person IFI International Financial Institution IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IG-EPN Instituto Geofísico de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional IGN National Geographic Institute of Guatemala IGP Instituto Geofísico del Perú (Geophysics Institute of Peru) ix Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes IMARPE Instituto del Mar de Perú (Marine Institute of Peru) IMAS Institute of Social Assistance INA National Agrarian Institute INAMHI Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología INDECI National Civil Defense Agency INEC Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos INEI Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas e Informática (National Institute of Statistics and Information Technology) INETER National Institute for Territorial
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