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Morphological and Geochemical Features of Crater Lakes in Costa Rica: an Overview
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307656088 Morphological and geochemical features of crater lakes in Costa Rica: an overview Article in Journal of limnology · August 2009 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2009.193 CITATIONS READS 13 45 7 authors, including: Antonio Delgado Huertas Maria Martinez Cruz CSIC-UGR Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT) National University of Costa Rica 354 PUBLICATIONS 6,671 CITATIONS 102 PUBLICATIONS 496 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Emelia Duarte Orlando Vaselli Stephen F. Austin State University University of Florence 20 PUBLICATIONS 230 CITATIONS 572 PUBLICATIONS 6,516 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Geochemical study of the fluids of the Copahue and Planchón-Peteroa volcanic-hydrothermal systems (Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes) View project Reconocimiento del sistema kárstico de Venado de San Carlos y sus implicaciones espeleológicas, hidrogeológicas, geológicas y geo-turísticas View project All content following this page was uploaded by Franco Tassi on 29 June 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. J. Limnol., 68(2): 193-205, 2009 DOI: 10.3274/JL09-68-2-04 Morphological and geochemical features of crater lakes in Costa Rica: an overview Franco TASSI*, Orlando VASELLI, Erik FERNANDEZ1), Eliecer DUARTE1), Maria MARTINEZ1), Antonio DELGADO HUERTAS2) and Francesco BERGAMASCHI Department of Earth Sciences, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, University of Florence (Italy) 1)Volcanological and Seismological Observatory, Nacional University, Heredia (Costa Rica) 2)Estacion Experimental de Zaidin (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008, Granada (Spain) *e-mail corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes the compositional and morphological features of the crater lakes found in the volcanoes of Rincón de La Vieja, Poás, Irazú, Congo and Tenorio volcanoes (Costa Rica). -
Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
The Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua - was produced under the aegis of the Project of Technical Cooperation Mitigation of Georisks in Central America between the Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (SNET), El Salvador Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH), Guatemala Comisión Permanente de Contingencias (COPECO), Honduras Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), Nicaragua and Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Germany Key word list for indexing CARA-GIS, Central America, Disaster Risk Management, El Salvador, Georisk, Guatemala, Guidebook, Hazard Map, Honduras, Inundation, Landslide, Potential Loss Assessment, Nicaragua, Technical Cooperation, Risk Exposure Map, Seismic Hazard, Socio-Economic Vulnerability, Spatial Planning, Susceptibility, Volcanic Hazard Recommended citation of this document BALZER, D.; JÄGER, S. & D. KUHN (2010): Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. – Project of Technical Cooperation ‘Mitigation of Georisks in Central America’: 121 pages; 26 figures; 44 tables; 35 maps; San Salvador, Guatemala-City, Tegucigalpa, Managua, Hannover. This book is also available in Spanish (ISBN 978-3-9813373-8-9). Project of Technical Cooperation - Mitigation of Georisks in Central America Foreword Central America with its project relevant countries of El Salvador (SV), Guatemala (GT), Honduras (HN), and Nicaragua (NI) covers an area of about 371.500 km² with approximately 34 Mio inhabitants. This central part of the Central America isthmus is situated between longitude 92° 14’ W and 83° 9’ W and latitude 17° 50’ N and 10° 40’ S. It is located at the interaction between the sea floor tectonic plates, namely Cocos and Nazca to the west and the Caribbean plate to the east. -
02-D-ROTOLO/An Introduction
Revista Geológica de América Central, 21: 25-36, 1998 AN INTRODUCTION TO SAN VICENTE (CHICHONTEPEC) VOLCANO, EL SALVADOR Rotolo S.G.*1, Aiuppa A.1, Pullinger C. R.2,Parello F.1, Tenorio-Mejia J.3 1) Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra (C.F.T.A.), Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, ITALY 2) Department of Geological Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, U.S.A. 3) Comision Ejecutiva Hidroeléctrica del Rio Lempa (CEL), 49 Avenida Norte, San Salvador, El Salvador * Corresponding Author; e-mail: [email protected] (Recibido 30/3/1998; Aceptado 29/5/1998) ABSTRACT: San Vicente is a composite volcano whose oldest volcanic events (2.2 Ma) are recorded in the western sector, where the remnants of the older La Carbonera edifice outcrop. This volcanic center, which produced mildly tholeiitic to transitional lavas, collapsed during a plinian eruption, giving rise to the formation of a partially preserved caldera (La Carbonera caldera). The renewal of volcanic activity started with clearly calc-alkaline lavas, mostly two- pyroxene andesites, that built up the San Vicente volcanic edifice. Crystal fractionation had primary control on magma evolution. The event that triggered the caldera forming plinian eruption is still uncertain; we have some textural evidences of mixing/mingling with more mafic magmas, but this process seems to be delimited to few samples. A major role could have been played by the tectonic instability related to the first stages of central graben opening. RESUMEN: Durante 1993 un equipo de investigadores italianos y salvadoreños realizó investigaciones en el volcán de San Vicente, El Salvador, con el objetivo de definir la evolución petrológica y volcánica de dicho centro volcánico. -
Present-Day Crustal Deformation Along the El Salvador Fault Zone From
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Present-day crustal deformation along the El Salvador Fault Zone from ZFESNet GPS network Alejandra Stallera,*, José Jesús Martínez-Díazb,c, Belén Benitoa, Jorge Alonso-Henarb,d, Douglas Hernándeze, Román Hernández-Reya, Manuel Díaze a. Dpto. de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, Spain b. Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain c. IGEO, Instituto de Geociencias, UCM–CSIC, Madrid, Spain d. CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM–UPM, Madrid, Spain e. Gerencia de Geología, Dirección General del Observatorio Ambiental, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales., El Salvador. [email protected] (*) Corresponding author: [email protected]; Dpto. de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Campus Sur, Autovía de Valencia km. 7, 28031 Madrid, Spain. +34913366487 Abstract This paper presents the results and conclusions obtained from new GPS data compiled along the El Salvador Fault Zone (ESFZ). We calculated a GPS-derived horizontal velocity field representing the present-day crustal deformation rates in the ESFZ based on the analysis of 30 GPS campaign stations of the ZFESNet network, measured over a 4.5 year period from 2007 to 2012. TheACCEPTED velocity field and subsequent MANUSCRIPT strain rate analysis clearly indicate dextral strike-slip tectonics with extensional component throughout the ESFZ. Our results suggest that the boundary between the Salvadoran forearc and Caribbean blocks is a deformation zone which varies along the fault zone. We estimate that the movement between the two blocks is at least ~12 mm yr-1. From west to east, this movement is variably distributed between faults or segments of the ESFZ. -
Along and Across Arc Geochemical Variations in NW Central America: Evidence for Involvement of Lithospheric Pyroxenite
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OceanRep Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 84 (2012) 459–491 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Along and across arc geochemical variations in NW Central America: Evidence for involvement of lithospheric pyroxenite Ken Heydolph a,⇑, Kaj Hoernle a,b, Folkmar Hauff b, Paul van den Bogaard a,b, Maxim Portnyagin b, Ilya Bindeman c, Dieter Garbe-Scho¨nberg d a Sonderforschungsbereich 574, University of Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany b Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Meereswissenschaften IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany c Department of Geological Sciences, 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA d Institut fu¨r Geowissenschaften der Universita¨t Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24148 Kiel, Germany Received 29 March 2011; accepted in revised form 23 January 2012; available online 4 February 2012 Abstract The Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA) has been the subject of intensive research over the past few years, leading to a variety of distinct models for the origin of CAVA lavas with various source components. We present a new model for the NW Central American Volcanic Arc based on a comprehensive new geochemical data set (major and trace element and Sr–Nd– Pb–Hf–O isotope ratios) of mafic volcanic front (VF), behind the volcanic front (BVF) and back-arc (BA) lava and tephra samples from NW Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. Additionally we present data on subducting Cocos Plate sediments (from DSDP Leg 67 Sites 495 and 499) and igneous oceanic crust (from DSDP Leg 67 Site 495), and Gua- temalan (Chortis Block) granitic and metamorphic continental basement. -
Problematic' Ecofacts and Artifacts and the Baru Volcano, Panama
Quaternary International xxx (2015) 1e19 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint The cultural nature of tephra: ‘Problematic’ ecofacts and artifacts and the Barú volcano, Panama Karen Holmberg New York University, Environmental Studies, USA article info abstract Article history: This paper presents data from archaeological stratigraphy and lacustrine core samples containing tephra Available online xxx from the Barú volcano in western Panama. The discussion seeks to refine the understanding of medial tephra deposits near Barú in relation to the eruption history indicated by geological, palaeoecological, Keywords: and archaeological data. A primary goal of this fieldwork is the identification and correlation of tephra Tephra from major Barú eruptions encountered in archaeological contexts by their lithology, stratigraphic po- Tephrochronology sition, and mineralogy without resorting to geochemical fingerprinting. The intention is to develop a cost Tephrostratigraphy efficient and reproducible means of utilizing tephra as a chronostratigraphic marker in archaeological Archaeology Panama contexts and examine the intersection of human life with volcanic events and dynamic environments. Barú Tephra in archaeological contexts can have ambiguous placement between ecofact and artifact, as is the case with a small number of crude tephra sculptures in my excavated material and that of a seminal prior study. While the research project utilizes visible tephra layers, not cryptotephra, by all means the tephra data prove to be cryptic. Engagement with the imperfection entailed in meshing multidisciplinary data sets and different scientific communities with interests in tephra, particularly in lesser studied regions, is posited as a ‘total’ view of tephra. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. -
San Miguel Volcano and Its Volcanic Hazards”, El Salvador, Central
- 1 - This thesis, “San Miguel Volcano and its Volcanic Hazards”, El Salvador, Central America, is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY. DEPARTMENT of Geological Engineering and Sciences Signatures: Thesis Advisor:__________________________________ Dr. William I Rose Department Chair:______________________ Dr. Wayne D. Pennington Date: December 16, 2003 i- 2 - Abstract San Miguel is a 2130 m high composite volcano in Eastern El Salvador. It has been active for perhaps 10,000 years, and has built a symmetrical cone with upper slopes of more than 40 degrees. Its activity is strombolian, marked by spatter and ash eruptions from its summit crater and lava flows that come mainly from flank vents. The entire volcano consists of basaltic and basaltic andesite materials. Historic activity has been marked by ~26 eruptions in 304 years, including a total of 8 flank lava flows with a volume of ~0.51 km3. San Miguel's ashfalls are mainly found west of the cone, because winds are predominantly easterly. Most ash eruptions in historic times have been quite small. Small debris flows, apparently triggered by heavy rains on San Miguel's steep slopes have occurred several times in the past two decades, especially on the western slopes of San Miguel's cone. A large ashfall eruption resulted in a major ashfall west of San Miguel 1800 years ago. Several thousands of years ago San Miguel apparently had a major collapse, creating a debris avalanche and a crater amphitheatre facing westward. This amphitheatre has since been filled with pyroclastic materials from strombolian summit eruptions. -
Collecting Persea in the Republic of El Salvador
California Avocado Society 1974-75 Yearbook 58: 83-88 COLLECTING PERSEA IN THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR E. Schieber Plant Pathologist, Antigua, Guatemala C.A. G. A. Zentmyer Plant Pathologist, and Professor, University of California. The authors express their thanks to E. L. V. Johnson and Dr. Ben Waite (US*AID) for their help in some of the collections made during recent years. The Republic of El Salvador with its 21,200 sq. kilometers, is located along the Pacific Coast of Central America. It borders with Honduras to the north and with Guatemala to the west. Before the Spanish "Conquista," El Salvador was known in the nahuat language as Cuscatlán, meaning "land of riches." El Salvador is crossed by the "Sierra Madre" and the "Cadena Costera." Even with its size, the country has 20 volcanoes that start near the Guatemala border and extend to the gulf of Fonseca towards Nicaragua. The first collections of Persea were made by G. A. Zentmyer in previous years starting in 1956. One of these collections of interest was the "Aguacate de Mico" that he collected at the summit of volcan El Boquerón (volcan San Salvador) 1,887 meters high. Recent collections were made starting in 1971 and explorations were continued during 1972, 1973, and early 1974. In recent years, four distinct regions were explored as can be seen in the map of El Salvador. These regions are: Santa Ana volcano, Monte Cristo, Chalatenago, and the Izalco and Sonsonate region. Santa Ana Volcano Region Volcano Santa Ana is 2385 meters in altitude and is the highest along the "Cadena Costera" and in the country. -
The 2009 and 2011 Hazard Events at San Vicente Volcano, El Salvador: Vulnerability, Resettlement, and Disaster Risk Reduction
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2015 THE 2009 AND 2011 HAZARD EVENTS AT SAN VICENTE VOLCANO, EL SALVADOR: VULNERABILITY, RESETTLEMENT, AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Luke Bowman Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Copyright 2015 Luke Bowman Recommended Citation Bowman, Luke, "THE 2009 AND 2011 HAZARD EVENTS AT SAN VICENTE VOLCANO, EL SALVADOR: VULNERABILITY, RESETTLEMENT, AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION", Open Access Dissertation, Michigan Technological University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/8 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr Part of the Geology Commons THE 2009 AND 2011 HAZARD EVENTS AT SAN VICENTE VOLCANO, EL SALVADOR: VULNERABILITY, RESETTLEMENT, AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION By Luke J. Bowman A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Geology MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Luke J. Bowman This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Geology. Department of Geological/Mining Engineering and Sciences Dissertation Co-Advisor: Dr. John. S. Gierke Dissertation Co-Advisor: Dr. William I. Rose Committee Member: Dr. Kari B. Henquinet Committee Member: Dr. Samuel Sweitz Department Chair: Dr. John S. Gierke Dedication: To my family, my friends, and my colleagues in El Salvador. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ -
Landscape Architecture in El Salvador: a Case Study of the Cerro Verde
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2001 Landscape architecture in El Salvador: a case study of the Cerro Verde National Park Stephen Price Wilson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Landscape Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Stephen Price, "Landscape architecture in El Salvador: a case study of the Cerro Verde National Park" (2001). LSU Master's Theses. 4134. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4134 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN EL SALVADOR: A CASE STUDY OF THE CERRO VERDE NATIONAL PARK A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture in The School of Landscape Architecture by Stephen Price Wilson B.S., Clemson University, 1994 December 2001 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like express my appreciation to the faculty of the School of Landscape Architecture at Louisiana State University for their assistance and guidance during my graduate study. A very sincere appreciation and thanks is expressed to my committee members Sadik Artunc, Van Cox and Anne Spafford for their help during the process of writing this thesis. And, I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to Mila Berhane with the Partners of the Americas, to Amy Zimmerling and Rolando Barillas with the U.S. -
Actividad Histórica Y Análisis De La Amenaza Del Volcán Turrialba, Costa Rica
Revista Geológica de América Central, 52: 129-149, 2015 DOI: 10.15517/rgac.v0i52.19033 ISSN: 0256-7024 ACTIVIDAD HISTÓRICA Y ANÁLISIS DE LA AMENAZA DEL VOLCÁN TURRIALBA, COSTA RICA HISTORIC ACTIVITY AND HAZARD ANALYSIS OF TURRIALBA VOLCANO, COSTA RICA Gino González1, 2, 3*, Raúl Mora-Amador1, 2, 3, Carlos Ramírez1, 2, 3, Dmitri Rouwet4, Yemerith Alpizar1, Cristian Picado2, 3 & Rolando Mora2 1Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Geológicas (CICG), Universidad de Costa Rica 2Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, Universidad de Costa Rica. 3Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN), Universidad de Costa Rica. 4Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), sezione di Bologna, Italia *Autor para contacto: [email protected] (Recibido: 31/07/2011; aceptado: 18/09/2014) ABSTRACT: The historic activity of Turrialba volcano was studied based on traveler’s reports and newspapers of the 19th century. In 1864-1866, the volcano was in a period of magmatic eruptions which can be subdivided in two stages: pre-eruptive and eruptive. Ash fall reached distances of ~115 km covering an area of 3400 km2. By means of GIS, we estimated how a similar magmatic eruption as this, could affect the present population and infrastructure, and we con- clude that the ash would fall in the most populated areas of Costa Rica, which is important as a prevention measure and an analysis of future risk decision-making. In 2005, Turrialba volcano increased its seismic activity, gas emissions and acid rain, which affected the S, SW and W sectors of the volcano. Afther more than a century without eruption, on 5 January 2010 phreatic activity resumed, with emissions of non-juvenile ash which reached San José. -
Webster's International Atlas
Webster’s International Atlas THIRD EDITION Created in Cooperation with the Editors of ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA A Division of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts 108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 1 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Copyright © 2012 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Federal Street Press is a trademark of Federal Street Press, a division of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. This edition published by Federal Street Press a Division of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated P.O. Box 281 Springfield, MA 01102 Federal Street Press books are available for bulk purchase for sales promotion and premium use. For details write the manager of special sales, Federal Street Press, P.O. Box 281, Springfield, MA 01102 ISBN 978-1-59695-137-2 Printed in Singapore 1st printing Imago 1/2012 NK 108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 2 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Contents Preface iv Map Abbreviations v Guide to Map Projections vi Map Legend viii MAPS – Countries of the World 1 MAPS – States of the United States 202 MAPS – The District of Columbia and the Territories of the United States 304 Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty 311 Outlying Islands Not Shown on Country Maps 317 Country Capitals and Their Populations 319 List of Selected Cities 325 World’s Largest Lakes 387 World’s Longest Rivers 388 World’s Tallest Mountains 389 108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 3 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Preface This atlas provides basic information about each of the 195 countries of the world, the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the five territories of the United States.