Webster's International Atlas

Webster’s International Atlas

THIRD EDITION

Created in Cooperation with the Editors of ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA

A Division of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts

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ISBN 978-1-59695-137-2

Printed in Singapore

1st printing Imago 1/2012 NK

108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 2 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Contents

Preface iv Map Abbreviations v Guide to Map Projections vi Map Legend viii MAPS – Countries of the World 1 MAPS – States of the United States 202 MAPS – The District of Columbia and the Territories of the United States 304 Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty 311 Outlying Islands Not Shown on Country Maps 317 Country Capitals and Their Populations 319 List of Selected Cities 325 World’s Largest Lakes 387 World’s Longest Rivers 388 World’s Tallest Mountains 389

108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 3 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Preface

This atlas provides basic information about each of the 195 countries of the world, the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the five territories of the United States. It has been completely revised and updated to incorpo- rate the most current information available.

A full page is provided for each country, two for each state, and one for each territory with information including a full-color map showing both populated places and major natural features, a locator map, and a fact box con- taining important information about the country, state, or territory. There is also a representation of the country, state, or territory flag with a brief flag history.

Additional information appears in tables at the back of the book that show islands and regions that are dependencies of other countries, country capitals with their populations, and major world cities with their geographi- cal coordinates, as well as the world’s longest rivers, tallest mountains, and largest lakes.

This colorful, compact book was created by the editors of Encyclopædia Britannica in association with the editors of Merriam-Webster. It has been designed as a handy, affordable resource to help readers better under- stand our changing world.

108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 4 9/21/11 6:03:38 AM Countries of the World

108416_00_i-x_r1ri.indd 9 9/21/11 6:03:39 AM Ecuador 53

80° 78° 76° Ancón de Sardinas Bay Pasto Valdez San Lorenzo Esmeraldas COLOMBIA Tulcán S COTACHI-CAYAPAS IN San Gabriel A PACIFIC Muisne ECOLOGICAL T RESERVE Ibarra N OCEAN . S UCAYAMBE-COCA INDUL Otavalo T O ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Equator CH M M Cayambe Volcano Santo Domingo Quito S C de los Colorados E 18,996 ft. o Aguarico Cotopaxi c A D a Volcano N RA N ap 19,347 ft. A LE Puerto Francisco o T L RAS I E po de Orellana Latacunga Na YASUNI Manta S Quevedo ORD Tena Portoviejo C NATIONAL PARK PLATA I. Ambato DE GAL O Chimborazo Jipijapa Balzar Volcano Puyo EASTERN REGION C COLONCHE 20,701 ft. Babahoyo Riobamba S Sangay Volcano N 17,159 ft 2° MTS I A SANGAY NATIONAL PARK . Salinas Guayaquil T Ú N Point C SANTA ELENA UMacas T U i Santa Elena gr PENINSULA O e

Azogues M

Naranjal PUNÁ I. Cuenca S CORDILLERADE CUT Gulf of Girón E General Leonidas Plaza Machala D Jubon Gutiérrez Guayaquil es N A Huaquillas Pasaje EL S D a PERU n A Yantzaza R t Piñas i R a

4° Loja g LE o L

ÓNDO ECUADOR Zamora DI C Macará R

Official name: Republic of Ecuador Head of state and government: President Official language: Spanish Scale 1: 8,842,000 Monetary unit: U.S. dollar 0 50 100 mi Area: 98,985 sq. mi. (256,370 sq. km.) 080 160 km Population (2010): 14,219,000 GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$3,940 Principal exports (2008): crude petroleum 57.1%, bananas and plantains 8.9%, fish 5.4%, refined petroleum 5.1%, shrimp 3.6% to: U.S. 45.3%; Peru 9.2%; Chile 8.1%; Panama 4.8%; Colombia 4.2%

Victorious against the Spanish on May 24, 1822, Antonio José de Sucre hoisted a yellow-blue-red flag. Other flags were later used, but on Sept. 26, 1860, the current flag design was adopted. The coat of arms is displayed on the flag when it is used abroad or for official purposes, to distinguish it from the flag of Colombia.

108416_01_001-099_r4ri.indd 53 9/13/11 10:01:44 AM 54 Egypt

25° 30° 35° MEDITERRANEAN SEA Gulf of Sollum Al-Man∑∫rah ISRAEL Damietta GAZA STRIP Matruh Al-Maµallah Al-Kubr™ Port Said Alexandria Al-ªArÆsh LIBYAN PLATEAU ∏anπ™ Suez Canal JORDAN A Banh™ R N Az-Z™qaziq Mount Ab∫ Qur∫n 30° TA IO Giza AT SS 3,565 ft. Q RE Memphis Suez EP CairoG SINAI D LOWER u Al-Fayyûm l PENINSULA f

EGYPT o Bani f Mount Catherine S Suwayf u 8,652 ft. e SAUDI z A Al-Miny™ B E Aπ-∏∫r ARABIA ± A WESTERN MallawÆ S LIBYA M T T≠R©N D U N E U R ISLAND DESERT ¥ i N N A le Asyut L E R S BI R Mount Sh™Æyb al-Ban™t I AkhmÆm D K Sawh™j E 7,173 ft. Y A S E R N Jirj™ T R Qin™ UPPER EGYPT D E S E E Al-Maª∑arah Al-Kh™rijah Luxor 25° D Mount Nuqru∑ R 4,936 ft. Mount ¥am™πah T

6,485 ft. Asw™n Banâs Point Aswan High Dam S AL-JILF AL-KAB≠R PLATEAU Foul Tropic of Cancer Bay E Lake A

Nasser Area Mount B™bayn Abu Simbel administered 3,621 ft. by Sudan Administrative Area administered Boundary EGYPT by Egypt

20° SUDAN

Official name: Arab Republic of Egypt Head of government: Prime Minister Scale 1: 18,156,000 Official language: Arabic 0 100 200 mi Monetary unit: Egyptian pound 0 100 200 300 km Area: 386,874 sq. mi. (1,002,000 sq. km.) Population (2010): 84,474,000 GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$2,070 Principal exports (2008): refined petroleum 18.9%, LNG 13.7%, food products 9.6%, crude petroleum 8.4% to: India 6.3%; Spain 5.7%; Netherlands 5.7%; U.S. 4.9%

The 1952 revolt against British rule established the red-white- black flag with a central gold eagle. Two stars replaced the eagle in 1958, and in 1972 a federation with Syria and Libya was formed, adding instead the hawk of Quraysh (the tribe of Muhammad). On Oct. 9, 1984, the eagle of Saladin (a major 12th-century ruler) was substituted.

108416_01_001-099_r4ri.indd 54 9/13/11 10:01:45 AM El Salvador 55

90° 88°

GUATEMALA HONDURAS

MONTECRISTO Mount El Pital NATIONAL PARK 8,954 ft.

Chingo Volcano 5,852 ft. Embalse Cerrín Grande Santa Chalatenango Chalchuapa Ana 14° N Santa Ana Volcano Lake 7,755 ft. Coatepeque Ilobasco Sensuntepeque Izalco Lake Sonsonate Ilopango Cojutepeque San Francisco Nueva San San Vicente Acajutla San Salvador San Miguel Salvador a San p Volcano Miguel Zacatecoluca m 6,957 ft. Le Usulután EL JOCOTAL WILDLIFE REFUGE La Unión P A Gulf of C Fonseca I F I C NICARAGUA O Point Cosigüina EL SALVADOR C E A N

Official name: Republic of El Salvador Head of state and government: President Scale 1: 3,175,000 Official language: Spanish 0 25 mi Monetary unit: U.S. dollar 020 40 km Area: 8,124 sq. mi. (21,040 sq. km.) Population (2010): 6,052,000 GNI per capita (2009): U.S.$3,370 Principal exports (2008): apparel and clothing accessories 34.7%, food 17.8%, paper and paper products 3.8% to: United States 48.1%; Guatemala 13.6%; Honduras 13.0%; Nicaragua 5.5%; Costa Rica 3.7%

In the early 19th century a blue-white-blue flag was designed for the short-lived United Provinces of Central America, in which El Salvador was a member. On Sept. 15, 1912, the flag was reintroduced in El Salvador. The coat of arms in the center resembles that used by the former federation and includes the national motto, “God, Union, Liberty.”

108416_01_001-099_r4ri.indd 55 9/13/11 10:01:46 AM States of the United States

108416_03_201-302_r4ri.indd 201 9/13/11 10:17:37 AM 222 Hawaii

HAWAII

Official name: State of Hawaii Nickname: Aloha State State Capital: Honolulu State Flower: Yellow hibiscus Motto: Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono (The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness) Admitted to the Union: 1959 (50th) Total area: 6,468 sq. mi. (16,752 sq. km.) (ranks 47th) Population (2010): 1,360,301 (ranks 40th) Chief Cities/settlements: Hilo (on island of Hawaii), Honolulu (on island of Oahu), Lihue (on island of Kauai), Wailuku (on island of Maui) Principal products/industries: Sugarcane production, food processing, tourism, military bases Highest point: Mauna Kea 13,796 ft. (4208 m.) on island of Hawaii

State History Original settlers came from the Marquesas Islands c. 400 A.D.; groups from Tahiti arrived c. 900–1000 A.D.; first European encounter 1778 with English Capt. James Cook who named it the Sandwich Islands and was killed here 1779; most of island group united under rule (1795–1819) of King Kamehameha I; frequented by American whalers from early 19th century; first visited by Christian missionaries from New England 1820; recognized as independent by U.S., Great Britain, and France 1840s; secured reciprocity treaty with U.S. 1875; Queen Liliuokalani over thrown and provisional government established with U.S. assistance 1893; declared republic 1894; annexed to U.S. by joint resolution 1898; established as U.S. territory 1900; scene of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941; admitted as a state Aug. 21, 1959.

In 1793 Captain George Vancouver from Great Britain presented the Union Jack to the conquering king Kamehameha I, who was then uniting the islands into a single state; the Union Jack flew unofficially as the flag of Hawaii until 1816, when red, white, and blue stripes were added.

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108416_03_201-302_r4ri.indd 223 9/13/11 10:17:43 AM 224 Idaho

IDAHO

Official name: State of Idaho Nickname: Gem State State Capital: Boise State Flower: Syringa Motto: Esto Perpetua (Let It Be Perpetual) Admitted to the Union: 1890 (43rd) Total area: 83,569 sq. mi. (216,443 sq. km.) (ranks 14th) Population (2010): 1,567,582 (ranks 39th) Chief Cities: Boise, Caldwell, Idaho Falls, Lewiston, Nampa, Pocatello, Twin Falls Principal products/industries: Potatoes, sugar beets, wheat, alfalfa, Kentucky bluegrass seed, cattle, antimony, silver, phosphates, lead, wood products, chemicals, food products, fishing, hunting, outdoor recreation Highest point: Borah Peak, 12,662 ft. (3862 m.)

State History First inhabited by American Indians; explored by Lewis and Clark expe dition 1805; part of Oregon Country; ceded to U.S. by British 1846; in cluded in Oregon Territory 1848; became part of Washington Territory in 1850s, and part of Idaho Territory 1863; gold discovered 1860; crossed by Oregon Trail; admitted to Union July 3, 1890.

On March 5, 1866, Idaho Territory adopted its first official seal, representing mountains below a new moon, a steamer on the Shoshone River, figures of Liberty and Peace, an elk’s head, and agricultural produce. A similar seal was adopted for the new state on March 14, 1891.

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108416_03_201-302_r4ri.indd 225 9/13/11 10:17:44 AM 226 Illinois

ILLINOIS

Official name: State of Illinois Nickname: Prairie State, Land of Lincoln State Capital: Springfield State Flower: Violet Motto: State Sovereignty—National Union Admitted to the Union: 1818 (21st) Total area: 57,916 sq. mi. (150,002 sq. km.) (ranks 25th) Population (2010): 12,830,632 (ranks 5th) Chief Cities: Aurora, Chicago, Joliet, Naperville, Peoria, Rockford, Springfield Principal products/industries: Corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, dairy products, livestock, oil, coal, machinery, chemicals, metal products, food prod ucts, printing and publishing Highest point: Charles Mound, 1235 ft. (377 m.)

State History Explored by Père Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet 1673 and by René- Robert Cavelier de La Salle who erected Fort Crèvecœur on Illinois River 1680; included in French Louisiana; ceded by France to England 1763 and by England to U.S. 1783; Virginia claims to territory given up by 1786; part of Northwest Territory 1787, of Indiana Territory 1800, and of Illinois Territory 1809; admitted to the Union Dec. 3, 1818 with capi tal at Kaskaskia (capital transferred to Vandalia 1820 and to Springfield 1837); adopted present constitution 1970.

On July 6, 1915, the legislature adopted a flag that had been developed in a contest. The flag showed design elements from the state seal—a rock on a stretch of land with water and the rising sun behind it, plus a shield bearing the national stars and stripes in the claws of a bald eagle.

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108416_03_201-302_r4ri.indd 227 9/13/11 10:17:45 AM Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty 313

Administrative Name Formal Name Sovereignty Center Location Position

Hong Kong Hong Kong China (none) South 22°15' N 114°11' W Special (see note 8) China Sea Administrative Region Howland Island Howland Island United States Administered central 0°48' N 176°38' W from Pacific Washington, Ocean D.C. Isle of Man Isle of Man British Crown Douglas Irish Sea 54°15' N 4°30' W Dependency (off western Great Britain) Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Norway Administered Arctic Ocean 71°00' N 8°20' W from Oslo (east of (see note 9) Greenland) Jarvis Island Jarvis Island United States Administered central Pacific 0°23' S 160°02' W from Ocean Washington, D.C. Jersey Bailiwick of British Crown Saint Helier English 49°15' N 2°10' W Jersey Dependency Channel (off northern France) Johnston Atoll Johnston Atoll United States Administered North Pacific 16°45' N 169°32' W from Ocean Washington, D.C. Kingman Reef Kingman Reef United States Administered North Pacific 6°24' N 162°22' W from Ocean Washington, D.C. Macau Macau Special China Macau southeastern 22°10' N 113°33' E Administrative (see note 10) China Region Martinique Caribbean 14°40' N 61°00' W (see note 5) Sea Mayotte Departmental France Mamoudzou Mozambique 12°50' S 45°10' E Collectivity Channel of Mayotte (southeastern Africa) Midway Midway United States Administered North Pacific 28°13' N 177°22' W Islands Islands from Ocean Washington, D.C.

108416_05_311-316_r3ri.indd 313 9/21/11 7:59:06 AM Country Capitals and Their Populations

Population United Nations Common- Country National Capital of National (date of wealth Capital admission) of Nations Afghanistan K™bul 700,000 1946 Albania Tiranë 400,000 1955 Algeria Algiers 2,740,000 1962 Andorra Andorra la Vella 21,609 1993 Angola Luanda 2,783,000 1976 Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's 31,000 1981 • Argentina Buenos Aires 2,776,138 1945 Armenia Yerevan 1,104,900 1992 Australia Canberra 356,120 1945 • Austria Vienna 1,687,271 1955 Azerbaijan Baku 1,145,000 1992 Bahamas, The Nassau 226,100 1973 • Bahrain Al-Manamah 157,000 1971 Bangladesh Dh™k™ (Dacca) 6,732,968 1974 • Barbados Bridgetown 5,996 1966 • Belarus Minsk 1,836,808 1945 Belgium Brussels 148,873 1945 Belize Belmopan 16,435 1981 • Benin Cotonou (official) 762,000 1960 Porto-Novo (de facto) 257,000 Bhutan Thimphu 79,185 1971 Bolivia La Paz (administrative) 835,300 1945 Sucre (judicial) 265,300 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 392,000 1992 Botswana Gaborone 224,000 1966 • Brazil Brasília 2,606,885 1945 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 32,331 1984 • Bulgaria Sofia 1,162,898 1955 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 1,475,233 1960 Burundi Bujumbura 429,000 1962 Cambodia Phnom Penh 1,242,992 1955 Cameroon Yaoundé 1,739,000 1960 • Canada Ottawa 812,129 1945 • Cape Verde Praia 125,000 1975 Central African Republic Bangui 622,771 1960 Chad N'Djamena 721,000 1960 Chile Santiago 200,792 1945 China Beijing (Peking) 8,580,376 1945 Colombia Bogotá 7,243,698 1945 Comoros Moroni 46,000 1975 Congo, Democratic Republic of the Kinshasha 7,273,947 1960 Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville 1,355,000 1960 Costa Rica San José 356,174 1945 Cote d´Ivoire Abidjan 3,802,000 1960 Croatia Zagreb 690,000 1992

319

108416_07_319-324_r4ri.indd 319 9/23/11 12:11:11 PM World’s Largest Lakes

Name and location Area (square miles)

WORLD Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan–Kazakstan–Russia–Azerbaijan-Iran 149,200 Superior, Canada–United States 31,700 Victoria, Kenya–Tanzania–Uganda 26,828 Huron, Canada–United States 23,000 Michigan, United States 22,300 Aral Sea, Kazakstan–Uzbekistan 13,000 Tanganyika, Burundi–Tanzania–Dem. Rep. Congo–Zambia 12,700 Baikal, Russia 12,200

AFRICA Victoria, Kenya-Tanzania–Uganda 26,828 Tanganyika, Burundi–Tanzania-Dem. Rep. Congo–Zambia 12,700 Nyasa (Malawi), Malawi–Mozambique–Tanzania 11,430 Chad, Cameroon–Chad–Niger–Nigeria 6,875 Bangweulu, Zambia 3,800

AMERICA, NORTH Superior, Canada–United States 31,700 Huron, Canada–United States 23,000 Michigan, United States 22,300 Great Bear, Northwest Territories, Canada 12,028 Great Slave, Northwest Territories, Canada 11,031

AMERICA, SOUTH Maracaibo, Venezuela 5,150 Titicaca, Peru–Bolivia 3,200 Poopó, Bolivia 1,000 Buenos Aires (General Carrera), Chile–Argentina 865 Chiquita, Argentina 714

ASIA Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan–Kazakstan–Russia–Azerbaijan-Iran 149,200 Aral Sea, Kazakstan–Uzbekistan 13,000 Baikal, Russia 12,200 Balkhash, Kazakstan 6,650 Tonle Sap, Cambodia 2,525

EUROPE Ladoga, Russia 6,826 Onega, Russia 3,753 Vänern, Sweden 2,156 Iso Saimaa, Finland 1,690 Peipsi, Estonia–Russia 1,373

OCEANIA Eyre, South Australia 3,600 Torrens, South Australia 2,230 Gairdner, South Australia 1,845 Frome, South Australia 900 387

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