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Incontri Di Filologia Classica Xix 2019-2020 Incontri di Filologia classica Rivista annuale - Classe di valutazione ANVUR: A ISSN: 2464-8752 – eISSN: 2464-8760 http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/handle/10077/3528 direzione Gianfranco Agosti, Lucio Cristante, Luca Mondin, Giovanni Parmeggiani direttore responsabile Stefania De Vido comitato di redazione Lucio Cristante, Vanni Veronesi comitato scientifico Alberto Cavarzere (Verona), Carmen Codoñer (Sala- manca), Paolo De Paolis (Verona), Jean-Luc Fournet (Paris), Massimo Gioseffi (Milano), Stephen J. Harri- son (Oxford), Wolfgang Hübner (Münster), Claudio Marangoni (Padova), Marko Marinčič (Ljubljana), Philippe Mudry (Lausanne), Giovanni Polara (Napoli) redazione Vanni Veronesi Gli articoli pubblicati sono sottoposti a valutazione di referee interni ed esterni. I contributi di que- sto volume sono liberamente disponibili su https://www.openstarts.units.it/handle/10077/32048. Registrazione del Tribunale di Trieste n. 1218 (21.04.2010) © Copyright 2021 – EUT EDIZIONI UNIVERSITÀ DI TRIESTE Proprietà letteraria riservata I diritti di traduzione, memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento totale o parziale di questa pubblicazione, con qualsiasi mezzo (compresi i microfilm, le fotocopie o altro) sono riservati per tutti i paesi. Revisori per i numeri XVII e XVIII: Michele Asolati, Davide Baldi, Michel Banniard, Corinne Bonnet, Gianluca Bonora, Maria Letizia Caldelli, Loredana Capuis, Manuel Castelluccia, Giovanni Alberto Cecconi, Jean-Frédéric Chevalier, Lucio Cristante, Nicola Cusumano, Anacleto D’Agostino, Paolo d’Alessandro, Lucio Del Corso, Carla Del Vais, Stefano De Martino, Paolo De Paolis, Claudio De Stefani, Paolo de Vingo, Alessia Dimartino, Lucia Floridi, Paolo Esposito, Roberta Fabiani, Ugo Fantasia, Rolando Ferri, Elena Franchi, Luciana Furbetta, Silvia Garavello, Fabio Gasti, Elena Ghisellini, Francesco Giovanni Giannachi, Massimo Gioseffi, Caterina Giostra, Giampaolo Graziadio, Simonetta Graziani, Tommaso Grazzini, Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin, Michele Guirguis, Francesco Guizzi, Nicola Laneri, Tino Licht, Annalisa Lo Monaco, Enrico Magnelli, Claudio Marangoni, Attilio Mastrocinque, Claudia Minniti, Fausto Montana, Luigi Munzi, Paolo Ognibene, Rosa Otranto, Stefano Pagliaro- li, Claudia Perassi, Oronzo Pecere, Gabriella Pironti, Paolo Poccetti, Simonetta Ponchia, Leone Porciani, Roberto Sammartano, Angela Ruta Serafini, Gilles Sauron, Fabio Stok, Simona Todaro, Olga Tribulato, Giuseppe Uc- ciardello, Céline Urlacher-Becht, Françoise Van Haeperen, Vanni Veronesi, Stephanie Wyler, Marco Zambon. INCONTRI DI FILOLOGIA CLASSICA XIX 2019-2020 EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste 2021 INDICE Premessa VII Enrico Cerroni Il ‘doloroso’ tra medicina e poesia: usi e frequenza dell’aggettivo ἀλγεινός da Ippocrate al Tardo Antico 1 Lorenza Savignago Sui testimoni della diple ‘metrica’ 21 Etymology and Literary Culture in Greco-Roman Antiquity 53 Gianfranco Agosti – Athanassios Vergados Introduction 55 Athanassios Vergados Hesiod’s Monsters and the Limits of Etymological Signification 59 Ilaria Andolfi «Etymologies through corruption»? Toponyms and Personal Names in Greek Mythography 87 Michael Paschalis Between Theory and Practice. Etymologizing Proper Names in Plato’s Cratylus and Athenian Tragedy 111 Lucia Floridi Speaking Names, Variant Readings, and Textual Revision in Greek Epigrams 135 Arianna Gullo Etymology and Exegesis in Book 7 of the Greek Anthology 157 Ioannis Ziogas Etymological Law 179 Robert Maltby Etymology and Identity in the Appendix Tibulliana 201 - V - INDICE Robbert M. van den Berg A Sticky (γλίσχρος) Affaire (Plato, Crat. 435c): Platonists versus Stoics on How (Not) To Do Etymology and Allegoresis 227 Nicola Zito Etymologies and Puns in Maximus’ Περὶ Καταρχῶν 249 Anna Lefteratou Centonic Variations on a Biblical Theme. Preliminary Case-Studies of Semantic Discrepancies 257 Martina Venuti The Hidden Truth behind Names: Saturnus in the Etymological Interpretation of Late Latin Authors 287 Gianfranco Agosti Wordplays on Proper Names in Metrical Inscriptions of Late Antiquity 311 Indice dei nomi antichi, medievali, bizantini, rinascimentali, dei poeti, degli scrittori e delle opere anonime 335 Indice dei manoscritti 345 Indice dei papiri 346 Indice delle epigrafi 346 - VI - PREMESSA Questo fascicolo degli Incontri di filologia classica presenta una sezione tema- tica in cui sono raccolte le relazioni discusse in occasione del seminario internazio- nale Etymology and Literary Culture in Greco-Roman Antiquity, organizzato da Gianfranco Agosti e Athanassios Vergados presso la School of History, Classics and Archaeology dell’Università di Newcastle il 16-17 dicembre 2019, insieme con altri contributi programmati a integrazione degli argomenti discussi. - VII - DOI: 10.13137/2464-8760/32049 Incontri di filologia classica XIX (2019-2020), 1-20 ENRICO CERRONI Il ‘doloroso’ tra medicina e poesia: usi e frequenza dell’aggettivo ἀλγεινός da Ippocrate al Tardo Antico Questo lavoro si propone di analizzare l’importanza This paper aims to analyze the stylistic import of the stilistica dell’aggettivo greco ἀλγεινός, ‘doloroso’, e la Greek adjective ἀλγεινός, ‘painful’, and the fortunes sua fortuna in parte condivisa con ἄλγος, il sostanti- it partially shared with ἄλγος, the poetic noun from vo poetico da cui deriva. Legato al precedente omerico which it derives. Bound to the Homeric precedent ἀλεγεινός, forse attraverso la paretimologia, in origine ἀλεγεινός, possibly through paretymology, ἀλγεινός ἀλγεινός era abbastanza comune nella tragedia e raro was initially quite common in tragedy and rare in in medicina e prosa, ma nel corso del tempo ha acqui- medicine and prose, but gained prominence in set sito importanza in alcune formule ricorrenti. Come nel phrases over time. As is the case for ἄλγος, it is pre- caso di ἄλγος, è registrato nella poesia ellenistica (ad served in Hellenistic poetry, for instance as a useful esempio come utile alternativa ad ἀλεγεινός), mentre alternative to ἀλεγεινός, but was shunned as a last fino alla Tarda Antichità fu evitato dai medici post-ip- resort by post-Hippocratic physicians, who - until pocratici, che preferivano aggettivi privi di connotazio- Late Antiquity - preferred adjectives devoid of poetic ni poetiche o sentimentali. A partire dal IV secolo d.C. or sentimental connotations. Starting from the fourth il quadro delle attestazioni di ἀλγεινός nei testi lettera- century, a tally of literary texts and epigraphs yields a ri ed epigrafici risulta molto complesso: si passa dalla very complex picture: from a resurgence in the work of rinascita nell’opera di Quinto di Smirne alla totale Quintus of Smyrna, to its total disappearance in the scomparsa nella poesia epica di Nonno di Panopoli. epic poetry of Nonnus of Panopolis. La lingua della medicina costituisce un interessante bacino di indagine delle potenzialità espressive e stilistiche del greco, caratterizzato dall’esigenza di dare un nome a un inventario sempre più sfaccettato – e necessariamente aperto alle novità – di sindromi, sintomi e terapie. Un capitolo affascinante della vicenda è rappresentato da quelle voci del più an- tico lessico medico, che vuol dire de facto ancora epico perché risalenti a Omero, le quali furono destinate al dileguo perché con il tempo superate da formazioni nuove e di maggior successo. Esempio noto è quello di ἄλγος ‘dolore’, di cui si registra la progressiva rarefazione tra V e IV sec. a.C. e che ebbe un recupero nei medici successivi come voce poetica o come testimonianza di aderenza a una tradizione1. Per certi versi analoga al caso di ἄλγος è la storia dell’aggettivo ἀλγεινός ‘do- loroso’2, la cui utilità in un registro medico sarebbe inconfutabile, almeno in linea 1 «L’aristocratica primazia di ἄλγος è destinata a crollare: l’imbarazzante poetismo so- pravvive, quale pretensioso flosculo letterario» (Marzullo 1999, 126). Sulla descrizione del dolore in Ippocrate, vd. Marzullo 1999 e Villard 2006; su ἄλγος e i suoi usi in prosa e in poesia, vd. Cerroni 2019. Una introduzione di ampio respiro al rapporto tra dolore e me- dicina nel mondo antico si trova in Harris 2018; per l’età imperiale, vd. King 2017. 2 La forma corrente in Omero era ἀλεγεινός, che sembra derivata dalla radice del verbo ἀλέγω (Iliade: 21x, Odissea: 9x), anche se non si può escludere si tratti di una paraetimologia - 1 - ENRICO CERRONI di principio, se non avesse a partire dalle origini una prevalente caratura poetica. Sulla scia del nome corradicale, anche l’aggettivo conobbe una scarsa fortuna nei testi medici, preludio di una progressiva scomparsa dalla produzione post-ippo- cratica – che gli avrebbe preferito sinonimi meno connotati – a fronte della sua conservazione nella lingua poetica, non senza inevitabili infiltrazioni nella prosa letteraria, di cui cercherò di dar conto in questo studio3. 1. Il IV secolo a.C.: Ippocrate e non solo Punto di partenza della ricerca è il Corpus Hippocraticum, nel quale l’aggettivo era evidentemente di uso molto raro. L’Index Hippocraticus ne documenta due soli casi, più ancora di ἄλγος (appena 14x)4. Il primo tratta del dolore delle mestrua- secondaria utile a spiegare una forma nata per ragioni metriche: ἀλγεινός costituisce infatti un molosso, non adatto all’esametro, al contrario ἀλεγεινός è una comoda clausola esame- trica (Iliade: 17x, Odissea: 5x per un totale di 22x su 30; in 20 casi sui 22 individuati l’epiteto segue il nome cui si riferisce). Cf. anche Seiler s.v. ἀλεγεινός in LfgrE; Szemerényi 1964, 148; Frisk, GEW, s.v. ἄλγος; Chantraine, DELG, s.v. ἄλγος
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