stigmatization or punishment for transgression. What is sacred in WEDNESDAY, APRIL, 1 our society is therefore manifested in our taboos (Callois 1959). 001. Registration and Information The sacred and taboo are symbiotic: the existence of one helps Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting identify and define the other. Marshall (2010) regards the sacred Event as “absolute in obliging those observer(s) to engage in or avoid 7:30 to 7:00 pm certain behaviors toward it” (66). Its “absolute” nature can produce behavior that is largely void of conscious reasoning Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer (Haidt 2001; Vaisey 2009). Hitherto, economic sociologists have Session Organizer: not paid due attention to the relationship between money, Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University sanctity, and taboo. Though it is easy to identify areas of 002. Alpha Kappa Delta Teaching and Learning Pre-Conference financial taboo (e.g. that Americans generally don’t like to talk about money), there has been insufficient analysis of the sacred Teaching Sociology elements these taboos indicate or why we comply. With data Workshop or demonstration session from thirty interviews, this paper attempts to answer Wuthnow’s 8:00 to 12:00 pm (1996) call to “pry into some of our most commonsensical, Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A widely taken-for-granted assumptions about money” in order to Session Organizer: understand what financial taboo does and how individuals Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University explain their lack of or adherence to the taboos deeply embedded in our culture. I argue that financial taboos indicate intimate Participant: connections between money and sacred values, experiences, and Alpha Kappa Delta (AKD) Pre-Conference on Teaching and beliefs, and that our inability to talk openly about money can Learning Jeffrey Chin, LeMoyne College exacerbate and perpetuate social and economic inequalities. organized and run by AKD Who is in Debt? A Class Based Analysis of Consumption on 003. Book Exhibit Credit Zaibu Nissa Tufail, University of California, Irvine Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting This paper uses the Survey of Consumer Finances to examine Event factors influencing the indebtedness of U.S. households in 2010. In particular, the role of structural constraints, institutional 8:00 to 6:00 pm conditions and cultural forces on indebtedness are assessed. Two Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom H central questions motivate this work. First, what drives Session Organizer: household debt—is it economic vulnerability, a culture of debt or Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University status based consumption? Second, how does the impact of structural and cultural forces on indebtedness vary by class 004. Culture, Economy, and Economic Action position? Results from one set of analyses illustrate that cultural, Economic Sociology structural, and institutional forces are embedded in economic Formal research session action. That is, these forces are co-constituted in their effects on 12:00 to 1:30 pm household indebtedness. Findings from the second set of analyses Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor indicate that class position, which engenders significant variation Session Organizer: of not just structural factors (income liquidity and net wealth), but institutional (state transfers) and cultural ones (attitudes and Elizabeth Sowers, CSU Channel Islands status), matters in determining how households consume, Thus, Presider: there is support for the notion that households hold distinct Fang-Yi Huang, University of Florida understandings of how to deploy their credit, and these rationales Participants: vary according to class membership. Fertility Assimilation: The Role of Culture Nanneh Chehras, “Immigrants Aren't the Only People that are Paid Cash Under University of California, Irvine the Table” Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of I show that socioeconomic factors poorly explain fertility Arizona assimilation among Chinese, Indian, and South Korean women. This article investigates the different and often conflicting Instead, culturally driven child sex preferences account for interpretations of inequality concerning illegal immigrant differences between immigrant and native fertility levels. First participation in United States labor markets that voters use to generation Chinese, Indian, and South Korean women make up interpret and evaluate the direct democratic regulation of these the largest group of immigrants from countries in which son markets. I analyze collective strategies that voters employ in preference is a well-documented phenomenon. I find that this their role as policymakers for “Arizona Stop Illegal Hiring, preference for sons is sustained after migration. Second Proposition 202” (2008) and how these strategies vary according generation women do not exhibit a bias toward sons, and instead to class and party. My findings bridge scholarship from political their fertility behavior, similar to that of native women, is sociology and economic sociology by revealing that voters indicative of a preference for mixed sibling sex composition. embed self-interest and market rationality in morality in a variety Using OLS, I find a small decline in the immigrant and native of ways that vary according to class and party. fertility gap of 0.075 children across generations. If I condition 005. Emotions and Identity Management on households that achieved their preferred child sex Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions composition outcome, then there is a substantial decline in the fertility differential (0.484). Once second generation immigrants Formal research session adopt the native preference for mixed sex children, their fertility 12:00 to 1:30 pm behavior becomes similar to natives and fertility assimilation Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific occurs. Session Organizer: Pleased to Comply: Why We Don't Talk About Money and Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana What Financial Taboo Does Lindsay J. DePalma, University Presider: of California-San Diego Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of California, Irvine Durkheim (1995) argued that sanctity is not an inherent property, Participants: but a projection bestowed onto a person, object, or act by society itself. Its existence in our everyday lives is often demarcated by Affective Identity Work: The Social Construction of Emergent behavioral codes of conduct, coupled with varying degrees of Target Language Identities through Affective Identity Work Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas; Maria masculinity. All respondents perceived bisexuality as a valid Ciriza-Lope, University of North Texas at Dallas; Marco identity except one lesbian respondent who felt this identity Shappeck, University of North Texas at Dallas negated her “stable” identity as a lesbian. This finding is supported by research on lesbians and gay men who dismiss This paper seeks to address a need in the sociology of emotion bisexuality as a valid sexuality in order to clearly define the literature for studies examining the practical strategies used in oppressed and oppressors in political movements. Given this developing social identities through affective social stances. This view toward bisexuality, sociologists should research the effects paper uses both a developed sociological lens of identity work of sexual exclusion on the LGBTQ+ movement and on the lives and empirical case study of an adult ESL (English Second of bisexual individuals. Language) classroom to illustrate how emergent language identity is linked to the social construction of affect. ESL “They Called it Home”: Place and Home Among Second students rely on their identity work, as the product of both Generation Louisianans in Los Angeles Faustina M DuCros, personal and social affective narration, to construct an emergent San Jose State University language identity. It is shown that adult ESL students’ identity This paper draws on data from an interview study comparing the as second language learners is locally constituted, as are the experiences of 47 first and second generation Louisianans who challenges and opportunities for this identity formation. arrived in Los Angeles during the Great Migration era of the Refashioning 'Rugged Individualism': Trauma Work, Emotions, 1930s through 1970s. Here I conduct a preliminary exploration and Power in the Re-entry Therapeutic Encounter Kathleen of how some members of the second generation used the idea of Anne Bassett, University of York “home” in their narratives to navigate their relationships to Louisiana as a hometown referent. In many cases they talked This presentation is based on four in-depth, qualitative interviews about Louisiana as home from their own perspective and through with mental health practitioners who assist individuals re- the lens of their parents’ perspective. The place identity entering their communities after prison at a residential re-entry categories of being from Louisiana and children of migrants grew center in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Extending out of an attachment to Louisiana that resulted from interaction Hochschild’s (1979, 1983, 1989, 1990) and Moon’s (2005) the second generation had in the place itself, but also that which theorization of feelings, emotion management, and power, they had in Los Angeles with other Louisianans. These Illouz’s (2008) work on therapeutic individualism, Gould’s interactions and the nostalgia resulting from their displacement (2009) theorization of political (in)action and emotions, as well from Louisiana reinforced attachment to the place. Even though as theories on subjectivity and productive power (Foucault, 1975; Los Angeles was the actual site of many of the interactions, 1978; 1982; Rose, 1998), I conclude that, in the context of the re- Louisiana continued to be the figurative site and represented entry therapeutic encounter, practitioners conceptualize and “home.” promote ‘Emotional Intelligence’ as a form of capital that can help individuals access social goods like employment and 006. Classroom Concerns and Pedagogical Innovations intimacy. I find that my participants reject adversarial and Teaching Sociology punitive models of practice in favor of a ‘client-driven’ model Formal research session that uses clients feelings as a starting point to help them work 12:00 to 1:30 pm through trauma and addiction as well as to manage the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A responsibilities and obstacles that they face as they make their forays back into their communities after incarceration. Some Session Organizer: practitioners also use therapy to question residents’ embodiment Richelle Swan, CSUSM of masculinity. Both retrospective and preparatory, these Presider: techniques include teaching individuals to ‘sit’ with Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University Bloomington uncomfortable feelings, listening to what their emotions are ‘telling’ them, thinking more positively, and communicating their Participants: wants and needs in pro- social and emotionally competent ways. Incorporating Service Learning in a First Year Success In the process, practitioners help residents uncover ‘who they Classroom: Experience from an Urban Commuter Campus really are’ by compelling residents to manage their emotions in Ting Jiang, Metropolitan State Univ. of Denver alignment with ‘therapeutic individualism’, but in doing so, Service Learning as a pedagogical approach has great potential to unintentionally individualize and pathologize ‘rugged enhance teaching effectiveness by actively engaging students individualism’. with the real social world. In Spring 2014, MSU Denver LGBT and the Silent 'B': Attitudes and Perceptions of approved four courses to have a service learning designation Bisexuality as a Sexual Identity Celene Fuller, California (SvsLrng) to cater to an increasing demand to provide students State University Northridge with experiential learning opportunities. My course is among one The gap in sociological work on bisexuality reflects larger of the four and is currently being offered for the Fall 2014 societal patterns of dichotomizing categories of gender and semester. In addition, my course also has a “First Year Success” sexuality rather seeing these identities as existing along a designation (FYS). FYS is an enrichment program designed to spectrum. The effects of the lack of understanding and support help first year college students better transit to college life to for individuals with liminal sexual identities may prove promote academic success and personal growth. My paper damaging to the individuals themselves as well as to the larger explores challenges and benefits of incorporating service learning LGBTQ+ movement. This study explores perceptions of bisexual components in a First Year Success classroom on an urban individuals and of bisexuality as a sexual identity. Ten interviews commuter campus in the Denver Metro area. First, this paper with bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual individuals were explores challenges and benefits of implementing service conducted. Results revealed patterns of experiences and learning among college freshmen; second, this paper presents perceptions regarding bisexuality: 1) Respondents differed in initial finding on the teaching effectiveness of incorporating revealing their sexuality or “coming out.” All homosexual service learning in a freshmen classroom. respondents were out while none of the bisexual respondents “Identity and Power: Student Perspectives on Classroom were out to their families. 2) Bisexual respondents “play it Incivility” Michelle Robertson, St. Edward's University straight” by highlighting the heterosexual aspect of their Who is responsible for classroom incivility? Faculty? Students? sexuality to avoid discrimination. 3) Gender differences emerged This research examines the concept of classroom incivility and in perceptions of bisexuality. Bisexual women were seen as how it affects the learning environment for students in the attending to the “male gaze” while bisexual men appeared to be university classroom. In particular, it investigates the relationship hiding their homosexuality. For these individuals, “compulsory between ascribed characteristics of faculty, students, and course heterosexuality” acts as an added pressure in performing content on classroom incivility. Past scholarly research has looked more at the causes of and solutions for classroom Faculty Mentoring at Teaching-Centered Universities: Early incivility with a focus on the number of “immediacies” that Career Issues, Programs, and Assessment Matt Bahr, faculty extend to students (Boice 1996). While a valuable line of Gonzaga University; Andrea Bertotti, Gonzaga University; empirical inquiry, the scope of Boice’s study missed out on Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University; William Andrew important contextual factors like ascribed characteristics of faculty and students (Alexander-Snow 2004). Indeed, along with Hayes, Gonzaga University; Nicole Willms, Gonzaga ascribed characteristics, course content can influence the level of University classroom incivility. This study focuses on student perspectives Graduate programs continue to train their students for careers at at a small liberal arts institution and builds on a previous faculty similar research-oriented institutions. When these early career survey. Preliminary results indicate a relationship between scholars transition to jobs at institutions that emphasize teaching students’ race/ethnicity (though not gender) and their and/or the liberal arts, they expectedly encounter challenges perspectives on the severity of classroom incivility. Furthermore, adapting to the demands of the types of teaching, advising, and almost half of students believe faculty actions contribute to university service that are expected at such schools. Mentoring classroom incivility but the same percentage also believe that programs hold great promise in helping smooth and speed early both students and faculty actions cause classroom incivility. career scholars’ transition not only to these demands, but also to Finally, a third of students believe there are higher levels of the culture of these campuses. This project aims to identify (in classroom incivility in cultural diversity courses compared to the broadest terms possible) the needs of early career faculty who other university courses. These results suggest that institutions aspire to careers at liberal arts/teaching-centered schools, and to need to more closely acknowledge and examine student and examine the existing mentoring models, programs, and practices faculty identities in the classroom environment. in terms of their ability to meet these needs (including Teaching the Social Construction of Crime to Criminology assessment techniques and strategies). Students Brian Wolf, University of Idaho 008. The New Face of the University Work Force: The Classes related to crime and deviance are mainstay subjects in Corporatization of Higher Education nearly any sociology department's standard course offerings. In Member and Committee Organized Sessions fact, courses related to the sociological study of crime and Panel discussion deviance are consistently among the most popular selections 12:00 to 1:30 pm offered in sociology departments. However, students interested in Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C these topics often have less interest in sociology as an academic discipline. This paper explores the methods I utilize to instill a Session Organizer: sociological imagination to the study and social construction of Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly Pomona crime and deviance. Presider: From “Sage on the Stage” to “Guide on the Side”: Effective Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly Pomona Risk Taking and Creative Strategies in the 21st Century Participants: Classroom Suzanne Becker, University of Nevada, Las "My opinion used to be valued... I lost that". University staff Vegas; Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas members and the corporatization of workplace culture : A What counts as teaching, information, and learning is largely Canadian case study Katherine A Watson, University of the defined by the historical moment at a given time. There is a Fraser Valley; Chantelle Marlor, University of the Fraser glaringly noticeable difference in the type of students that are filling today’s university classrooms. Having educational and Valley lived experiences shaped by the socio-cultural-political climate Treating Adjuncts as Employees Patricia Jennings, CSU, East of this new century, millennial and/or first generation students Bay bring with them a wholly different skill set that is largely The New Title Nine Rules and Ever Increasing Demands on incompatible with traditional methods of instruction. Despite this Faculty Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona change in the classroom demographic, the “sage on the stage” method of teaching seems to persist as the dominant pedagogical 009. Health and the Body model. We argue that this model is not only outdated, but Medical Sociology and Health extremely detrimental to the academic success of 21st century Formal research session students. Drawing from sociological literature on learning and 12:00 to 1:30 pm pedagogy and our own classroom experiences, our findings Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A suggest that it is time to update the current pedagogical model, euphemized as the “guide on the side,” which allows instructors Session Organizer: to take more of a facilitative role in the classroom. We argue that Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University a transformation in teaching method requires, for some, a Presider: restructuring of the Self as teacher. In this presentation we gisela rodriguez Fernandez, Portland State University encourage others to take risks in the classroom and present examples of effective risk taking and deployment of creative Participants: strategies in a variety of lower and upper division sociology (Re)placing Breasts: Agents and Objects in the Market for courses. Cosmetic Surgery ‘Tourism’ Jacqueline Sanchez Taylor, 007. Faculty Mentoring at Teaching-Centered Universities: Early University Of Leicester Career Issues, Programs, and Assessment The market for cosmetic surgery sits uncomfortably with the persons/things binary that in liberal discourse separates what may Professional Development or may not be treated and exchanged as a commodity. The Workshop or demonstration session neoliberal shift towards privatization and de-regulation in health 12:00 to 1:30 pm has resulted in markets for cosmetic surgery being almost Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B entirely detached from medical concerns and restraints. Within Session Organizer: this, demand for breast augmentations has increased. Yet, whilst Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico new breasts are, at one level, commodified as ‘things’ - beauty or fashion accessories - at another level, ‘consumers’ and Presider: ‘producers’ remain aware that breast augmentation involves Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC Riverside major surgery. Matters are further complicated by issues of place, Participant: for the cosmetic surgery industry is now global, and costs are cut by moving consumers to locations where clinics and staff are immediate consequence, has not been recognized in the literature cheap. Women are now sold the idea of new breasts in one for two reasons: the operationalization of “consequences” tends country, but travel to another for the actual surgical procedure. to favor either informal consequences imposed by groups or This paper draws on research on medical tourism to Thailand and formal consequences imposed by institutions, and the effects of the EU to explores the role of the British and Australian agents immediate pressures are relatively short-term compared to who act as intermediaries in this market, allaying the fears of normative and institutional ones. In the literature, most measures would-be consumers about surgery abroad, and acting as of celerity (time-to-consequence) also focus on periods of a ‘cultural brokers’ both for the place in which the clinic is set, and month or longer, while the idea of an immediate pressure for the market in breasts itself. It shows how the industry’s suggests that celerity has a much shorter effectiveness window. ability to exploit the global political and economic power This bias suggests that persons who propose enacting long-term relations that underpin differentials in the costs of operating pressures into law as consequences for deviance do not see clinics in different places often hinges on agents who make a immediate pressures as relevant. However, if law-makers enact living from facilitating fellow nationals’ access to breast such laws when law-breakers do not notice long-term augmentation surgery abroad. consequences, then laws are effectively useless against deviance. Family Matters: A Qualitative Study of Social Networks During Using data collected from more than 200 citizens, this paper Pregnancy and Childbirth Among Indigenous and Rural explores the pressures they experience when they wish to enact laws. This, combined with other data gathered on offenders and Communities Of Mesoamerica gisela rodriguez Fernandez, the pressures they experience, suggests that the domain of Portland State University immediate pressure is important both to law-creation and Background Over the last 10 years, the Mesoamerican region has lawbreaking. Programs that aim to reduce deviance should take significantly reduced maternal mortality rates. Nevertheless, this into account. disaggregated data at the local and national levels show extreme An Examination into the Social Construction and Theoretical disparities in health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to identify the key actors that provide support to women during Analysis of Human Trafficking Douglas Wallace, California pregnancy, childbirth, and obstetric emergencies, and to Baptist University understand the main factors and motivations that influence the Human Trafficking is a social problem that has gained much decision whether or not use health care facilities during these attention and publicity in recent media sources but has its roots in processes. Key words: Maternal health, social networks, kinship, ancient cultural history. Human Trafficking has reached global health services Findings Analysis revealed striking similarities proportions, annually forcing millions into lives of prostitution, and differences between and within countries. Kin, especially slave labor, and as child soldiers. Those who do the trafficking females, are the main actors of the social network. During prey on the weak and vulnerable often with promises of a better obstetric emergencies, males play a more central role, life. An extensive literature review will provide data and particularly making financial decisions, and the social network information to begin the development of a survey designed to expands to include actors outside kinship. Traditional midwives discover which sociological theories have the greatest are central actors of the social network, and their potential role as explanatory power, and to examine the possibility of an a bridge or a gap between families and the healthcare system is integrative theoretical approach. Additional variable to be underestimated. Conclusions Strategies that aim to reduce health researched will be income inequalities, gender disparities, poor inequities must take into account the social structures in which rural populations, and cultural norms which are hypothesized to people are embedded. An integrative approach that recognizes lead to greater tolerance of this issue. A more thorough the importance of social networks among rural communities understanding of these variables that give rise to the prevalence better captures the underlying causes of ill-health decisions and of human trafficking could help bring into focus the efforts of has the potential to reduce mortality rates in the region. national and international organizations as they fight the growth Latina Breast Cancer Mortality: Understanding the paradoxical and expansion of this $32 billion a year criminal industry. effects of immigration, race/ethnicity, and social A Constant Cycle of Neglect Rudolph Alexander Bielitz, disadvantage Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Humboldt State University Riverside; Julie Collins-Dogrul, Whittier College This study examines the depression of adolescents and how their Breast cancer was the most common cause of cancer death in depression influences their decision in wanting to abuse drugs; Hispanic women in 2012. In this study, race/ethnicity, while also examining how their drug abuse influences their socioeconomic status, nativity status, and health insurance are involvement with the criminal justice system (CJS). In addition, I explored as predictors of differences in breast cancer mortality. define drug abuse as “Selling” drugs, “Using” drugs, or “Both,” Using data from two sources, the National Health Interview which is selling and using drugs. The study will consist of a Survey and the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, we secondary analysis, while utilizing the “statistical package for the disaggregate Hispanics by country of origin and nativity. The social sciences” (SPSS). I hypothesize, that depression among research provides further evidence for the Hispanic health adolescents may inevitably act as a catalyst for their criminal paradox and identifies the most at-risk Hispanic sub-groups. activity, because adolescents who suffer from depression may rely on abusing drugs as a form of coping with their depression, 010. Crime and delinquency - Research in Progress which may then lead them to commit crime(s). Thus by possibly Crime, Law, and Deviance finding a link between all three variables I may find that a result Research-in-progress session of the two variables depression and drug abuse may result in 12:00 to 1:30 pm criminal activity. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B If a Crime is Unreported, Did it Still Happen? Ryen Tyler Smith, Session Organizer: Idaho State University David Musick, University of Northern Colorado This presentation explores the possible socio-economic indicators that predict whether a crime committed will be Presider: reported or not. Various reports from the Bureau of Justice Douglas Wallace, California Baptist University Statistics, utilizing the National Crime Victimization Survey, Participants: have identified several of the most important reasons that crimes Why Deterrence Doesn't Work: The Function of Celerity Adam remain unreported but fall short of explaining how socio- G. Sanford, California State University, Dominguez Hills economic status plays into crime reporting. These reports utilize these types of variables in a categorical manner but do not Literature on deviance recognizes two main domains of pressure provide a predictive model that uses these in an explanatory way. on offenders: normative and concrete. A third pressure, the This presentation will show that these types of indicators provide substantial predictive power in whether a crime is reported to the gap. This objective is accomplished through the process of police and aid in the efforts of increasing crime awareness and typology construction. Accordingly, addressing the issue of underreporting. contribution made by both classical and contemporary social Sentencers’ attitudes toward women in the criminal justice theories, four possibilities are identified: 1. conceptual retention, system: Explanations for sentencing treatment disparities 2. conceptual reformulation, 3. conceptual construction, and 4. pre-conceptualization. In the first group (conceptual retention Marisela Velazquez, James Cook University and conceptual reformulation) are those types in which the Despite the significant increases in the number of women going continuity between classical and contemporary theories are to prison in the last twenty years, women's involvement in crime revealed. Conceptual retention, for instance, refers to an remains generally non-serious and non-violent. This might intellectual moment wherein previous concepts are wholly suggest that their treatment by sentencers has become more retained or reformulated with little or no modification. punitive in spite of claims that the justice system treats women Conceptual reformulation, in contrast, involves both retention as leniently and resorts to the use of custody as a 'last resort' (Hough well as a significant reconstruction of “old” concepts. In the et al,. 2003). Even more noteworthy is the disparity in prisoner second group (concept construction and pre-conceptualization) rates between Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous women are those types in which theoretical discontinuity has asserted (405.4 versus 16.5 per 100,000 pop.) (ABS, 2013). Historically, itself or it is in its way to be materialized. Conceptual White women are claimed to be treated leniently by the courts construction clearly reveals that either a new concept has been while minority women are treated harshly (Heidensohn, 1985; introduced or an “old” concept is displaced by an emergent one. Chesney-Lind & Bowker, 1978; Cameron, 1964). However, Pre-conceptualization, on the other hand, entails an active recent research in Australia on gender and Indigenous sentencing intellectual moment in which new concepts are on their way to disparities contradicts these historical arguments based on cases the sociological landscape. Multiple concepts, both from which go to the higher courts (Jeffries & Bond, 2013). This paper classical and contemporary theories, will be utilized to uses the focal concerns perspective to understand and interpret demonstrate the typology. Nonetheless this will not be done by why Indigenous women may be treated leniently in the higher forcing concepts to fit into types. Anomalies will be seriously courts. Based on semi-structured interviews with judges, considered whenever encountered. narrative analysis of sentencing transcripts, and observations in courtrooms, I qualitatively examine the explanations sentencers Comparing World-systems: Semiperipheral Marcher States give for their decision-making when sentencing Indigenous and chris chase-dunn, university of california-riverside; hiroko non-Indigenous women. inoue, university of california-riverside; alexis alvarez, university of california-riverside 011. LGBTQ Studies Member and Committee Organized Sessions This paper tests one of the implications of the hypothesis of semiperipheral development: that major increases in the sizes of Committee sponsored session polities have been accomplished mainly by the conquests carried 12:00 to 1:30 pm out by semiperipheral marcher states. We use the comparative Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C world-systems perspective to frame our study of twenty-two Session Organizer: upward sweeps (upsweeps) of the largest polities in four regional Maura Kelly, Portland State University world-systems and in the expanding Central interpolity system since the Bronze Age. We seek to determine whether or not these Presider: upsweeps were or were not instances in which a semiperipheral Maura Kelly, Portland State University marcher states produced a large polity by means of conquest. The Participants: hypothesis of semiperipheral development holds that polities that An Intersectional Approach to Heretical Queers Natasha are in between the core and periphery (semiperipheral polities) Radojcic, Sociology have been, and continue to be, unusually fertile locations for the implementation of organizational and technological innovations. We call it the trans* bladder:” Public restrooms and the politics This is because semiperipheral polities have less invested in older of holding it Alaina A. B. Mathers, University of Illinois at institutional structures and than do core societies and they have Chicago greater incentives to take risks on new technologies, ideologies Discussant: and ventures. One important manifestation of this tendency is the Maura Kelly, Portland State University semiperipheral marcher state: a recently founded sedentary polity out on the edge of an older core region that is able to conquer the 012. Sociological Theory: Applications, Extensions & older core polities and to create a core-wide empire. This Reformulations phenomenon has occurred repeatedly, but it is not the only way Theory in which large empires have been created Formal research session Undoing the Richness of Life: Examining the Biodiversity Loss 12:00 to 1:30 pm Crisis in Concert with Social History Jordan Fox Besek, Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D University of Oregon Session Organizer: The purpose of this presentation is to advance a new sociological Jason Wollschleger, Whitworth University understanding of the contemporary, human driven, crisis of global biodiversity loss as a process that is at once too complex Presider: to be encapsulated in a broad, macro-theoretical framework yet, Matthew Gougherty, Indiana University to be understood in its totality, must be conceptualized at a Participants: higher scale than specific case studies can provide. We traverse Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theories: Issues of this impasse through establishing what we believe should be the Continuity and Discontinuity Alem Kebede, CSU, epistemological boundaries of the discussion. These boundaries Bakersfield incorporate traditional epistemological issues in sociology and related disciplines, such as the dynamics of scale and history, as Continuities and discontinuities between classical and well as issues specific to processes of biodiversity loss. We argue contemporary social theories are easy to discern. However, no that a serious discussion of the social drivers of biodiversity loss, systematic attempt has been made to delineate the specific types one it is imperative sociologists be a part of, involves first that emerge as a result of the points of convergence and recognition of the analytic framework we set forth. The thrust of divergence that exist between the two set of theories. In this these remarks is therefore towards building a theoretical theoretical exercise, an attempt is made to fill this intellectual reconceptualization of the relationship between social processes and biodiversity loss that can point towards a fruitful direction immigration, must be contextualized in space and examined over for future empirical research. time in order to understand the connections between demographic change and engagement in civil society. By 013. Immigrant integration examining engagement in civil society and social trust, this work Migration/Immigration contributes to the immigrant incorporation literature by Formal research session examining the extent that diverse social contexts affects if, and 12:00 to 1:30 pm how, immigrants get socially incorporated in the civil society of Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E democratic nation-states. Finally, by focusing on social processes Session Organizer: within Los Angeles, oftentimes considered a bellwether of Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University complex race and immigration issues, I position California as a site of profound demographic and political change, ripe for Presider: further inquiry by academics, policymakers, and community Brian Holzman, Stanford University leader. Participants: Identity Correspondence: The influences Caribbean Mobility and Success in Canada: A Story of of Psycho-Cultural Processes and Social Structural Contexts Overcoming Systemic and Individual Racism Dwaine on Second-Generation Adolescents’ Identity Choices Edward Plaza, Oregon State University Monique Kelly, University of California - Irvine Caribbean people began migrating to Canada in large numbers ABSTRACT: Researchers have examined what factors influence after 1968 because of a change in immigration policy. Since the and affect the ethnic identity choices of second-generation 1960s, living in Canada has been a challenge for different adolescents. Scholars have noted that due to the more rapid Caribbean Ethnic groups. Using the 2011 Canadian Census this acculturation of the second-generation, there may be dissonance paper also examines the current socio-demographic and socio- between these youth and their parents. Due to this dissonance, economic characteristics of the Caribbean population (Jamaican, adolescence may choose different ethnic/racial identities than Trinidadian, Barbadian and Guyanese) ethnic groups living in their parents’. During this developmental stage, adolescents are Canada. By comparing the Caribbean-born with Other Foreign- more likely than not living with at least one parent, therefore, born and the Canadian-born populations, we find that Caribbean taking this into consideration. However, the relational aspect of people living in Canada in 2011 continue to face numerous parent and is has not been systematically investigated. Therefore challenges which hinder the group’s overall mobility. These this paper advances the concept of identity as a relational issues include a high rate of female lone parent families, a measure between second-generation youths and their parents. disproportionate male to female ratio, a larger household size, a This study uses Wave I of the Children of Immigrants low rate of marriage and a high rate of divorces, a low Longitudinal Study (CILS) dataset to assess how psycho-cultural completion rate for university level schooling, a low average processes and social structural contexts influence the likelihood employment income, a low rate of home ownership and an of ethnic/racial identity correspondence between second- overall higher rate of families living in poverty. Particular generation adolescents and their parents. Results show that social attention in this paper is paid to gender, age, highest level of structural contexts are more significant in predicting the education, place of birth, occupation, and period of arrival as likelihood of second-generation adolescents’ identity predictors of success in Canada. corresponding with their parents rather than psycho-cultural Immigration-Induced Racial/Ethnic, Nativity, and Nationality processes. This study extends existing research on the identities Diversity And its Effects on Civil Society William Estuardo of second-generation adolescents by providing an additional conceptualization and measure of identity as relational; the Rosales, UCLA distance between the perceived identities of immigrant parents Demographic research has established that industrialized, and their children. developed nations are becoming more racially and ethnically diverse because of increased global migration, As such, it is Rethinking labour market policies as a strategy for the socio- critical that we understand how democratic nation-states, such as economic integration of migrants in Ireland. Pablo Rojas the United States, are re-imagining social membership and Coppari, National University of Ireland Maynooth citizenship in a world where immigration is increasingly salient According to the Census 2011, there are 544,357 non-Irish and populations are becoming more cosmopolitan and nationals living in the State. Ireland is at a crucial juncture in its heterogeneous (Carens 1987; Putnam 2007). Social trust and experience of inward migration and still has the capacity to civic engagement provide the necessary “lubricants” for society prevent the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage in to achieve individual and collective goals (Portes and Vickstrom migrant families: a common feature in European neighbours. 2011; Costa and Kahn 2003; Durkheim 1984) and capture the Within the extensive academic and policy literature there are values and behaviors that are necessary for a healthy democracy clear research gaps. We know little about the experience of and community (Putnam 2000, 2007; Verba and Nie 1987; labour market progression amongst non-EU migrants in Ireland. Verba, Schlozman, and Brady 1995). Although recent empirical Nor do we know enough about how restrictive labour market literature finds that immigration-induced diversity undermines policy and practice impact on mobility of their spouses and the social trust and engagement in civil society (Lancee and intergenerational mobility of migrant families. This project uses a Dronkers 2011; Phan 2008; Stolle et al. 2008; Putnam 2007; mixed-method approach, utilising the case files of the Migrant Rupasingha et al. 2006; Alesina and Ferrara 2000), it is still Rights Centre Ireland, leading Irish NGO in advocacy and relatively unclear why this is the case and whether this service provision for migrants; to answer three core research association is consistent across different social contexts. I address questions: 1. Whether and how immigrants experience labour this gap in the literature by examining the effects of diversity market progression and the degree to which labour market over time and by positioning the examination within one type of experience is gendered. 2. Barriers to progression and local social context: neighborhoods. I focus on neighborhoods effectiveness of activation policy in fostering labour market because this is a central social environment in everyday life. Integration 3. Relationship between labour market experiences of Using two recent waves (2000-2008) of the Los Angeles and immigrants and experiences of mobility for spouses and the Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), my dissertation intervenes intergenerational mobility of migrant-family children. The in the immigration, neighborhood, and social trust literature by primary aim of this research is to examine diverse types of labour specifically examining the extent that social connections and market policies and strategies that are and could be applied in neighborhood experience mediate the impact of neighborhood Ireland. The research will have an applied and academic impact. diversity on individual’s civic engagement and social trust. I It has the potential to contribute to thinking on successful argue that diversity, independent of as well as a result of integration policies and inclusion of non-EU immigrants in labour market strategies to be developed by the State. their way out of poverty while offering a benefit to taxpayers. Discussant: Programs often draw on ‘best practices’ from the global south Brian Holzman, Stanford University and apply them in the global north. This essential shift, however, remains unstudied. The present study is poised to make a 014. The Sociology of Leisure Time substantial contribution to understanding this domain of Member and Committee Organized Sessions economic activity. This paper examines the following interrelated Panel discussion research questions. (1) How are ‘microfinance mental models’ 12:00 to 1:30 pm originating in the global south applied in North America? (2) Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F What are the means by which these mental models are tested and legitimized? (3) Are micro-entrepreneurs empowered agents or Session Organizer: are they being deliberately socialized into the “appropriate” Leonard Gordon, Arizona State University attitudes, values and approaches to work, thereby serving the Presider: needs of global capitalists? Microfinance mental models are Leonard Gordon, Arizona State University defined as: norms, beliefs, hidden assumptions, traditions and knowledge that are relevant to the practice of micro-finance. Participants: Often existing below the level of consciousness, microfinance What We Do in Leisure Time: Including LGBTQ’s and Aging mental models are multifaceted constructions that influence Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos human action and agency. My study provides a rich source of Leisure Time Through the Sociology of Sport and Humor data as to the relative degree to which a society has adopted Leonard Gordon, Arizona State University neoliberal-oriented policies and programs, and how these programs work in the everyday. Discussants: Economies of Worth in Professional Education: The Case of the Jean Stockard, University of Oregon Masters of Public Affairs Matthew Gougherty, Indiana Earl Babbie, Chapman University University 015. Emerging Research in Economic Sociology This paper applies French pragmatist sociology and recent Economic Sociology developments in the sociology of organizations to the study of Research-in-progress session professional education. Using qualitative data collected from a 1:45 to 3:15 pm two year ethnographic project of a Masters of Public Affairs Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor program, I argue that those involved in professional education programs continually justify and legitimate their activities Session Organizer: through a combination of economies of worth. The balance of Elizabeth Sowers, CSU Channel Islands worths varies depending on the different courses and student and Presider: faculty segments within program. In the program I studied, the Paul James Morgan, University of California, Irvine public management courses combine industrial and civic worths Participants: in opposition to market understandings of worth. In contrast, the economics and statistics courses combined industrial and market The Global Purchase of Intimacy: Voices of Women in worths and focus on the application of abstract knowledge to Transnational Marriage Migration Julie Kim, UC Irvine policy. It is this gap between civic and market worths and their Transnational brokered marriages (TBM), typically between men applications that leads students to perceive management as from developed countries and women from developing regions, common sense and economics/statistics as a skill, while still have received significant attention by media and policymakers. defining strong boundaries against market logics and business Regulations in countries such as the US and South Korea have schools. led to stricter visa eligibility requirements in order to protect Discussant: women from potentially adverse consequences of transnational Paul James Morgan, University of California, Irvine marriage while media often problematize select cases of brokered marriages in the context of sex trafficking and domestic violence. 016. Identity Theory Research Yet, we have limited systematic knowledge about women’s Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions personal experiences of this process, and negotiation of women’s Formal research session migration opportunities with potential vulnerabilities that this 1:45 to 3:15 pm process entails. This project aims to elucidate women’s Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific understanding of the TBM process, their motivations and aspirations, and their actual experiences. Particular attention is Session Organizers: paid to how women’s own understanding of the relationship Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana between intimate ties and economic transactions within those Richard T. Serpe, Kent State University ties, treated either as “hostile worlds” that are incompatible or Presider: contaminate each other or as “connected worlds” that are Richard T. Serpe, Kent State University negotiated in concrete interactions, impact their life experiences. Participants: The Drivers of Financialization Paul Joseph Peterson, University of California, Riverside Identiy Theory and Stigma Kristen Marcussen, Kent State This paper tests the relationships between financialization and University; Emily Asencio, Sonoma State University economic competition while controlling for changes in American Identity, Exchange, and the Development of Social Bonds Jan law and corporate governance restructuring. Stets, University of California, Riverside; Peter J Burke, The Effect of Mental Models on Microfinance Usage Julie University of California, Riverside; Scott Savage, University Young-Marcellin, Western University of California, Riverside Given that social service agencies are increasingly being defined Behavioral and Cognitive Responses to an Identity within market rationality, organizations are turning to Discrepancy: Exploring the Role of Emotion Ryan Trettevik, microfinance, self-employment, and financial literacy programs University of California, Riverside in North. Microfinance is a term used to describe a Identity Prominence and Identity Salience Congruity: comprehensive list of financial services including credit, savings, insurance, financial literacy, skills and business training. Implications for Normative and Counter-Normative “Bottom-up capitalism” is argued to empower the poor to work Identities Kelly L. Markowski, Kent State University; Richard T. Serpe, Kent State University 1:45 to 3:15 pm 017. Teaching Fundamental Sociological and Social Justice Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B Concepts Session Organizer: Teaching Sociology Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico Research-in-progress session Presider: 1:45 to 3:15 pm Nathan D. Martin, Arizona State University Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A Participants: Session Organizer: Pathways to Promotion for Midcareer Faculty: A Faculty Richelle Swan, CSUSM Learning Community Model Gretchen Peterson, California Presider: State University - Los Angeles Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of Colorado Boulder One of the key themes identified by Baldwin, DeZure, Shaw, and Participants: Moretto (2008) in their study of midcareer faculty was the perceived neglect of this group of faculty. Prior to tenure, faculty Teaching about Diversity and Inequality: Researching Student are evaluated regularly (in some cases, every year) and provided and Faculty Expectations Rachael Neal, St. Edward's feedback on their progress towards tenure. After being promoted University to associate professor, mid-career faculty are generally “cut This research explores students’ expectations about the extent to loose” and “left to their own devices.” While the expectations which their course materials, activities, and assignments will for promotion to full professor are higher, faculty in the emphasize diversity-related topics. Previous research indicates midcareer face considerable uncertainty about those expectations that courses that emphasize diversity often have a positive effect while support for their activities is often at its lowest point. on students’ skills in moral reasoning, civic engagement, Indeed, many universities provide support to junior faculty leadership, and their commitment to social justice. Despite working towards tenure or to senior superstar faculty who bring evidence about the long-term positive effects of diversity-related in grant money while leaving out midcareer faculty trying to content in curricula, including this content in courses can pose a work towards promotion to full professor. To address this issue, series of challenges for instructors, including heightened levels of this project provided support to associate professors on the student discomfort. Courses which feature diversity may prompt pathway to promotion to full professor through facilitation of a a variety of responses from students, ranging from anger, faculty learning community for mid-career faculty. Faculty at resentment, alienation, anxiety, curiosity, to excitement. this career stage may have different needs in preparing for Currently, the extent to which students’ expectations of their promotion to full professor. But, given the heavy teaching load courses influence their reactions to diversity-related content is at California State Universities, the largest need is generally in unclear. In order to better understand students’ reactions, and finding the time and balance in one’s life to complete the help faculty to maximize opportunities for students to learn about necessary scholarly and creative activities to get promoted while diversity, it is important to examine 1) students’ expectations still maintaining a heavy teaching load. Thus, the emphasis was about the extent to which their classes feature diverse groups and on supporting faculty in finding balance between teaching, perspectives, and 2) if students, regardless of their expectations, service, and scholarly activities. value learning about the lives and perspectives of different So You've Been Asked to be an External Proposal Evaluator: groups of people. This presentation will A) review the literature Lessons Learned Ellen C Berg, CSU Sacramento; Jacqueline available about the efficacy of courses that teach about diversity Carrigan, CSU Sacramento and B) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods that assess students’ expectations of, and experiences in, 019. Freeway Flyers and Labor Issues in the Academy these types of courses. Audience members will also leave this Member and Committee Organized Sessions presentation with a concrete understanding of the benefits and Panel discussion risks of including diversity-related content in their courses, as 1:45 to 3:15 pm well as a set of best practices to do so. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C “SOC-PONG!: Co-opting A College Party Game to Facilitate Session Organizer: Retention of Sociological Knowledge and Concepts Cedric Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University Taylor, central michigan university Research has shown that classroom games foster learning in Presider: innovative, social and engaging ways and can improve student Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University achievement. Although some instructors use games as a part of Participants: their instructional repertoire, many teachers seek new ways of Comparative Labor Practices: Introducing the Non-Tenure- engaging their students and improving student performance. Track Faculty (NTTF) Report Card Daniel Davis, University SOC-PONG, is a novel game geared to undergraduate sociology of California, San Diego students. SOC-PONG is an adaptation of Beer-Pong, a very popular drinking game on college campuses in North America. The Commuter's Dilemma Tremaine Truitt, Los Angeles Valley This study investigates the effectiveness of SOC-PONG on College student performance (as measured in sociology test scores) in an Commuting, Teaching, and Part-Time Sociology Levin Welch, undergraduate sociology course as compared to a traditional Los Angeles Valley College question- answer sessions. Two sections of an undergraduate sociology class were used in the study where the average scores 020. International Health Issues of each section was used to assess student performance. Medical Sociology and Health Immediately after the game and traditional exam review, students Formal research session in both sections completed a short survey, to express how they 1:45 to 3:15 pm felt about the exam review activity. Findings suggest that SOC- Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A PONG is an effective strategy to engage students and improve performance in multiple choice tests. Session Organizer: Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University 018. Mid-Career Faculty Development Presider: Professional Development Kristopher Kohler, UC Merced Workshop or demonstration session Participants: insurance system collapsed in 1980s. In the following decades, a Social Determinants of Healthy Lifestyle in China and India Ha large number of rural residents remained uninsured. It was until 2003 when central government launched the rural new Ngoc Trinh, University of Utah cooperative medical system (NCMS) that providing health To lower the risks of non-communicable diseases and promote insurance for the rural population was raised into the agenda. better quality of life in developing countries, health-related Under such background, the current study was interested in behavior screening remains important in locating high risk whether medical insurance actually make any difference between groups. This present paper examines the healthy lifestyle of its beneficiary and those without medical insurance in terms of adults in China and India, attending to five health-related health care demand. Quantitative analysis of China Health and behaviors of maintaining healthy weight, adequate fruit and Retirement Longitudinal Survey data found that: insurance status vegetable intake, moderate alcohol consumption, non-smoking, is significantly related to health care demand. More specifically, and regular physical activities. Additionally, using high quality insured individuals tend to higher frequency of inpatient data from the WHO-SAGE study, this research aims at screening treatment, higher frequency of outpatient treatment, and higher health behaviors through social determinants including age, possibility of having physical examination last year, with other gender, socioeconomic status, residence, marital status and social variables hold constant. network of the two understudied populations. Logistic regression for each health-related behavior, and Poisson regression for 021. Sociology of Corrections healthy lifestyle index are performed in STATA 13.0. Results Crime, Law, and Deviance indicated that except informal network which was consistently Formal research session insignificant, other social determinants’ effects on health 1:45 to 3:15 pm behaviors greatly varied based on the nature of the relationship Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B and the studied context. In general, a socioeconomic stratification in healthy lifestyle was found for Indian sample, but not for Session Organizer: Chinese sample. Living in urban areas can be beneficial to most David Musick, University of Northern Colorado health behaviors, except smoking for both countries. Presider: Participating in formal network positively increased the practice Dinur Blum, University of California, Riverside of good health behaviors in both China and India. Results in this Participants: present study yielded important implications for health promoting policies, including identification of socially Co-occurring Disorders and how they Impact Likelihood of disadvantaged groups who were more prone to high risk Recidivism Among Adult Inmates Michaela E Huber, behaviors. Brigham Young University; Stephen Bahr, Brigham Young “An African ‘Iron Cage’: Destructive Impacts and University Consequences of Increased International HIV/AIDS In 2013, the CSG Justice Center reported that up to 59% of Funding” Kristopher Kohler, UC Merced inmates with fully diagnosed mental illnesses also had co- From the early 2000s until the end of the decade, global funding occurring substance abuse disorders (Osher et al. 2012) The of HIV/AIDS programming exploded. Countless local, national evidence shows that inmates who have both a mental illness and and international organizations and agencies emerged or grew to a substance abuse disorder tend to have higher recidivism rates. address the global health pandemic ravaging southern Africa in For example, Wood (2011) examined over 1,110 parolees and particular. This financial assistance was needed and has found that those with a serious psychiatric and substance abuse undoubtedly saved and prolonged many lives. However, there are disorder were rearrested faster than those who were not numerous secondary consequences that have reshaped African diagnosed with both disorders. There has been a recent push for political and economic structures and human resource evidence-based methods of reducing recidivism among the distribution as a result. Specifically, professionalization and the subpopulation of ex-offenders experiencing co-occurring deployment of additional resources has entangled business and disorders (COD). One methodological approach has been the public relations sectors with public health sectors. Competition treatment of symptoms and risk-factors of COD that have shown over increasingly significant sums of money fostered division to be associated with recidivism (Osher et al. 2012; Peters 2012). and territoriality rather than collaboration and sharing of best The aim of this study was to examine the impact of treating COD practices. Moreover, small scale programs that were successful during incarceration on recidivism rates. Researchers compared due to attention to local socio-cultural practice were typically the twelve and twenty-four-month recidivism outcomes of “scaled up” with disappointing results. Increased resources have offenders who received treatment for one or both disorders led to a reliance on marketing and grant-writing with deleterious during incarceration, to those offenders who do not receive any effects on program delivery and effectiveness. Organizations supplemental treatment during incarceration. Results from this relied less and less on the anthropologist and MPH graduate and study indicate that when prisoners have co-occurring mental and more on marketing, public relations and “monitoring and drug disorders they are more likely to be rearrested. These evaluation” specialists. Ironically, then, increased funding for findings are consistent with other research. Results also indicated HIV/AIDS programs rendered each program less efficient and that mental health treatment does not have a significant effect on effective than they might have been. Lastly, I comment on how recidivism. Both the men and women who received mental health these shifts in public health delivery may affect future treatment had slightly lower rearrest rates but the differences healthwork in arenas like preventing the spread of Ebola. were not statistically significant. the Effect of Insurance on Health Care Demand among Elderly Motivation to Change: A Program Evaluation of the Youth Chinese Min Li, University of Florida Development Center Teresa Casey, Idaho State University In 2010 the percentage of people older than 65 has increased to For the last year, I have conducted a program evaluation of the 8.91% (sixth national population census, 2010). What’s more, a Youth Development Center (YDC), a program for high-risk large fraction of the elderly has physical health limitations. In adolescent offenders in Bannock County, Idaho. The mission of rural areas, the percentage of unhealthy older people who could the YDC is to reduce recidivism and to rehabilitate juvenile take care of themselves is as high as 16.94%, and who is delinquents. They do this by promoting educational attainment, unhealthy and could take care of themselves 3.32%. The health encouraging behavior modification, and instilling life skills. The care demand of the elderly should be intensive. However, there program is unusual in that it utilizes college student mentors who seems to be underutilization of medical care among the old (Shi, tutor the participants; these mentors are interns provided by the 2013). This is to some extent related to the lack of guarantee university. They also collaborate extensively with community from insurance. Chinese government established cooperative organizations to encourage service learning, a concept that medical schemes in rural China in 1950s; however, this health promotes engagement and knowledge through community service projects. My evaluation identifies strengths and at this time. weaknesses of the program, explores perceptions of participants, and assesses the effectiveness of the program in reducing 023. LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the Stonewall era recidivism. I also identify the impact of the program on other life Life Course and Aging domains such as education, employment, family relationships, Research-in-progress session and attitudes. 1:45 to 3:15 pm Revisiting the Classics of Corrections Keith Farrington, Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C Whitman College; Joe Field, Walla Walla University Session Organizers: This paper undertakes a retrospective examination of the first Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount University thirty years of research and theorization in the sociological study Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos of American prisons and their internal dynamics. Starting with Presider: the basic working assumption that it is our responsibility as scholars in any substantive area to regularly reread and Demetrios Psihopaidas, University of Southern California reconsider the classic works that preceded and set the stage for Participants: more contemporary writings, it is the objective of this paper to LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the Stonewall era Don Barrett, (a) identify the most foundational and influential of these early CSU San Marcos books and articles in the sociology of corrections; (b) put these LGBTQ aging is an under-addressed, but important, topic for early works into larger sociohistorical context, so as to explain lifecourse/aging researchers as well as LGBTQ researchers. The how and why they emerged at the particular time that they did; history of discrimination and stigmatization suggests a breadth of and (c) show how these early classics eventually led to the new LGBTQ specific life-course/aging issues including relations with approaches to and ideas about incarceration that subsequently families of origin and families of choice; unequal treatment followed. Moreover, at the same time that we focus upon central and/or lifestyle-related barriers in senior, health care, and home themes relating to prisons and imprisonment which did emerge care environments; access to LGBT specific retirement and during the “classic” time period in question, we also speak of assisted-living housing; issues related to sexual expression over other basic themes in this field that are now pretty much accepted the life-course; LGBTQ-specific health issues including as truisms which did not emerge until after this early period of HIV/AIDS; inter-generational relations within gay culture; scholarly work in the field had come and gone, and we attempt to effects of the intersection of class, race, gender, orientation, explain why these ideas did not gain traction until later on. identity, and age statuses; and the adequacy of research and Yoga and Mindfulness as a Method of Rehabilitation: The policy on LGBTQ aging. The session will be an overview and Prison Yoga Project Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State discussion of the consequences of this history of discrimination University of Denver and stigmatization on the LGBTQ population as they approach The criminal justice model of rehabilitation rests on the retirement and/or are retired. assumption that crime is caused by some factor, such as a Observations on Gay Male Whiteness in Retirement Don person's social surroundings, psychological development, or Barrett, CSU San Marcos biological makeup. This standpoint does not deny that people Note that this is for the "LGBTQ aging: Seniors from the make choices to break the law, but it does emphasize that these Stonewall era" session. This will be a two part report. First, on choices are not necessarily a matter of 'free will.' Rehabilitation the characteristics of the community of older gay males in Palm seeks to assist both offenders and society. By treating offenders, Springs. Secondly, an informal analysis of the local situation for the hope is to give them the attitudes and skills to avoid crime working-class and minority senior gay males using theoretical and live a productive life. And by making offenders less perspectives derived from the literatures on heteronormativity, criminal, fewer people will be victimized and society will, as a intersectionality, and aging. result, be safer. The Prison Yoga Project (PYP) was founded in the belief that yoga, taught specifically as a mindfulness practice, Experiences as Research Gatekeeper for an organization of is extremely effective in releasing deeply held, unresolved Lesbians over age sixty Sharon M. Raphael, Cal. State trauma, which allows both prison-based yoga practitioners and University Dominguez Hills; Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos offenders to address resultant behavioral issues. Yoga as a Provide background of presenter on topic of LGBTQ aging. mindfulness practice is PYP's tool for reengaging prisoners with Briefly focus on purpose and goals of "Old Lesbians Organizing their bodies to restore the connection between mind, heart and for Change", a U.S, based organization with large membership of body. A trauma-informed practice is utilized to develop the Lesbians over age sixty. Describe history of and current whole person, increase sensitivity toward oneself and empathy presenter's role as Gatekeeper for the organization (OLOC). for others. By putting offenders back in touch with their bodies, Share the importance of screening and evaluating research they begin to care more about themselves and understand the requests from scholars intent on gathering data from Lesbians harm they have caused themselves as well as others. A symbolic over the age of sixty. What I learned from the Gatekeep'er's role interactionist approach, which relies on the symbolic meaning and why it is important to have policies and guidance for that people develop and rely upon in the process of social researchers in search of participants from minority and interaction, is used to 'evaluate' the effectiveness of the use of marginalized communities. Sources of funding Lesbian aging yoga in prison as a method of rehabilitation. projects discussed in session. 022. Talking Circle: Creating Empowering Spaces in Academe: Aging Under the Radar: Health and Social Support in 50 and Student Voices over LGBT communities. Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount Member and Committee Organized Sessions University; Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, University of Workshop or demonstration session Washington, School of Social Work 1:45 to 3:15 pm This presentation will address my in-progress research with the Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B Caring and Aging with Pride Over Time collaborative research team. I will describe the larger study and then will focus on the Session Organizer: qualitative interview research I'm leading. LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college at this time. 024. Whiteness, White Identity and Theorizing Race Race/Ethnicity Presiders: Formal research session Garry Rolison, CSU, San Marcos 1:45 to 3:15 pm LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D Session Organizer: San Jose State University Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University This qualitative study investigates white students’ attitudes Presider: toward campus diversity at a large, multiracial public university. Daniel Eisen, Pacific University Drawing upon focus group data gathered from a larger campus climate study, we identified four themes: participants voiced that Participants: (1) racial diversity fosters campus tolerance, (2) diversity Exploration of the Association between Social Determinants fragments into de facto racial segregation, (3) institutional and white Racial Identity S Mo, Michigan State University support of diversity undermines and excludes whites, and (4) the This exploratory study derived from the Black and white racial university should avoid acknowledging white identity. identity scholarship aperture in that there is incongruence in the Employing critical multiculturalism as a theoretical lens, we racial identity conceptualization across races as well as disparate argue that these discourses maintain white dominance within a literature in the investigation of social determinants and racial framework that promotes inclusion. These findings suggest that identity. The objective of this research addressed these deficits by without more direct institutional guidance, white students will reconceptualizing white racial identity and examined the protect white supremacy even as they celebrate diversity in relationship between white racial identity and social determinants multiracial spaces. (gender, age, region, political party affiliation, education, 025. Central American immigrants in U.S. income, and close friend of another race). Utilizing survey data Migration/Immigration from a mid-West state sample of non-Latino/a white respondents (N=720) interviewed by telephone, bivariate and multivariate Research-in-progress session ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted to 1:45 to 3:15 pm compare the level of white racial identity to each of the social Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E determinants. The bivariate analysis showed that gender, age, and Session Organizer: political party affiliation were significant predictors of white Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University racial identity in that females, older adults, and Republican Party Presider: affiliates had stronger levels of white racial identity. However, once the other covariates are controlled for in the multivariate Armando Xavier Mejia, University of Wisconsin, Madison & analysis, the only social determinant that remains significant is California State University, Long Beach political affiliation. While the findings did not support that white Participants: racial identity levels are statistically linked to the social The Central American Child Immigration Crisis, the media, and determinants of gender, age, region, education, income, or racial Global Capitalism Theory Edwin Lopez, University of close friend, there was a significant association between political party affiliation and white racial identity in that Republicans California, Merced identified more strongly to their white racial identity than Summer 2014 marked an upsurge in Central American children Democrats. The results from this exploratory study found that reaching the Mexico-U.S. border. This “border crisis” was political party matters when it comes to strength of white racial framed by the Obama administration, on one hand, as a parenting identity. problem, and on another, as having to do with the incapacity of Central American state agents to adequately enforce their own Theorizing Racial and Ethnic Relations in the 21st Century laws. In the U.S., popular protests were polarized with demands Zulema Valdez, University of California, Merced; Tanya for immediate deportation that were then countered with human Golash-Boza, University of California, Merced rights advocacy for the children. Missing from the above In this article we attempt to build a bridge between the study of discourse, however, is an analysis based on global-level racial or ethnic relations by developing an intersectional structures. Although some efforts to attend to this have approach to the study of racial and ethnic relations. We consider suggested neoliberalism to be an explanatory factor, this working four separate cases that have been conceptualized by the ethnicity paper considers global capitalism theory as a way to reframe the paradigm as assimilation projects and by the race paradigm as discussion from one of migration to displacement. This paper racialization projects, respectively: 1) African-American investigates how both corporate and alternative/independent entrepreneurs; 2) the Mexican-origin middle class 3) black media frame the reasons children from Central America left their immigrant deportations; and 4) intermarriage between home countries for the U.S. in Summer 2014 and how such unauthorized immigrant minorities and US-born whites. An framing may shape public attitudes. analysis of these four cases reveals the shortcomings of the The Role of Religion in the Adaptation of Unaccompanied ethnicity paradigm to consider race as a structural force that is Central American Youth in Los Angeles Stephanie Lynnette distinct from ethnicity, or to acknowledge that structural racism and racial exclusion condition assimilation trajectories in marked Canziales, University of Southern California ways; and the limitations of the race paradigm to take seriously Immigrant youth incorporation scholarship focuses on two group members’ agency in fostering social capital resources and socializing institutions, family and schools (Portes and Rumbaut support that can mediate or in some cases even transcend racial 2001). Through this lens, the family bridges children to the co- inequality. By connecting two separate threads of sociological ethnic community (Portes and Zhou 1993, Zhou and Bankston knowledge -- the ethnicity paradigm, with its focus on group 2008) and schools socialize youth to American culture and dynamics and inclusion, and the race paradigm, which practices and integrate them with native-born peers (Gonzales underscores structural racism and exclusion -- the intersectional 2011, Suarez-Orozco et al. 2007). Churches are recognized as approach introduced here reveals instead how systems of pillars of solidarity and support within immigrant communities, oppression and privilege that comprise the highly stratified but research focuses particularly on church participation among American social structure condition the life chances of actors adult migrants or the family unit as a whole. Further, social from multiple dimensions of identity. Ultimately, by bringing networks formed within church spaces are emphasized as sources together the ethnicity and race paradigms, an intersectional of social capital. The role of the church in the adaptation of approach provides a more comprehensive and systematic immigrant youth has been sparsely acknowledged. This understanding of how ethnic group dynamics and racial investigation examines the role of religion and religious structures combine to determine members’ inclusion or exclusion institutions in the adaptation of unaccompanied Central in the highly stratified American society. American youth in Los Angeles. Two questions guide this analysis. To what extent does the church provide social support Whitened rainbows: how white college students protect and adaptation resources for unauthorized, unaccompanied youth whiteness through diversity discourses Annie Hikido, in Los Angeles? In what ways might church membership also University of California, Santa Barbara; Susan Bell Murray, hinder the adaptation of young migrants outside of the traditional protective institutions of family and school? Ethnographic 027. Markets, Transitions, and Crises observations and interviews demonstrate that churches provide Economic Sociology unaccompanied immigrant youth with resources and networks of Formal research session support as well as create conditions of setback and exploitation 3:30 to 5:00 pm that shape youth's adaptation trajectories. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor Identifying and Examining Mexican, Salvadoran, and Guatemalan Immigrant Enclaves: A Spatial Approach Luis Session Organizer: A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands Elizabeth Sowers, CSU Channel Islands The objective of this project is to identify and examine Presider: characteristics of Mexican, Salvadoran and Guatemalan Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of Arizona immigrant enclaves in U.S. metropolitan areas. These enclaves Participants: often serve as a primary residence for recently arrived Building Market Infrastructure: Grading Systems and Their immigrants and might influence immigrant incorporation Effect on Post-bellum Futures Markets David Pinzur, trajectories. This study examines the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of these enclaves which are University of California - San Diego identified through a spatially informed classification scheme: In this paper I look at the development of agricultural futures local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) clusters. markets on the Chicago Board of Trade and the New Orleans Although considerable attention has been given to the Mexican Cotton Exchange in the years between the Civil War and World immigrants, few studies have focused on their Salvadoran and War I. Particularly, I focus on how each exchange created a Guatemalan counterparts. The latter two represent two of the standardized system for grading and classifying commodities, fastest growing Latino immigrant groups living in the United and how the make-up of this system affected the stability of their States. In fact, just recently Salvadorans (1,252,067) surpassed market. I first describe three challenges facing the creators of Cubans (1,144,024) in population size and are now the second these systems: the need to accommodate pure financial largest Latino-immigrant group in the U.S. following Mexicans speculation as well as trade in agricultural commodities (e.g., (11,584,977) (American Community Survey, 2013). An trading cotton futures and trading cotton); coordination of important component of this study is to compare the types of standards with other private organizations, such as railroads, neighborhoods Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants tend to grain elevators, and other exchanges; and the establishment of a residentially cluster in comparison to their Mexican counterparts. positive regulatory relation with the state. The second part of the This will be done by addressing two primary research questions. paper analyzes the divergence in how the exchanges addressed First, do Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants exhibit these tensions, and their effects. Chicago, a younger market with different spatial distribution patterns (i.e. are they more or less multiple powerful actors and a greater interest in speculation, clustered) than Mexican immigrants? Second, do the groups’ needed early on to involve the state in the grading process, but ethnic enclaves differ in terms of socioeconomic and never fully supported their intervention; New Orleans, a well demographic characteristics? By investigating these questions established trade market with a more concentrated power and using spatially informed methods, I hope to provide a better structure, was able to maintain an independent system longer, understanding of the residential experiences of Latino immigrant building a foundation for smooth state regulation when it did groups and spur further discussion as to how neighborhoods occur. I argue that these differences, particularly their relations to might influence varying assimilation trajectories. the state, contributed to the different characters of these markets – manipulation and misuse in Chicago, stability in New Orleans. Acculturation Experiences Among Mexican-Origin Descendants Rosie Conley-Estrada, Boise State University Neomercantilism, Labor and Austerity Response: The Long- This research examines one part of the socio-cultural and human Term Structure of the Eurocrisis Robert J MacPherson, capital adaptation experience of Mexican parents and their University of California Irvine children. Specifically, it focuses on gender as an analytical tool Explaining the “sovereign debt crisis” of the Eurozone has for understanding the educational experiences of second and third become a point of contention for the media, policy makers and generation Mexican origin children. It draws upon immigrant social scientists. Mainstream interpretations blame government incorporation theory to shed light on how gender norms and profligacy, while sociological approaches focus on the expectations within Mexican immigrant families are transformed incompatibility of the several “varieties of capitalism” that make in the process of experiencing economic and social mobility up the Eurozone. Instead, this project combines insights from through educational achievement. This can be described as world-systems analysis and post-Keynesian economics to undergoing gendered incorporation. Education is not only an analyze the Eurozone as a single entity: a region of the world- investment for better jobs, and higher earnings, but also greater economy shaped by its own internal structure of dependency gender equity. relations. I highlight the role played by neomercantilism, in Discussant: which the Northern Eurozone core siphoned demand from the South by means of two factors: the accumulation of export Armando Xavier Mejia, University of Wisconsin, Madison & surpluses by Northern member states, and the differing modes of California State University, Long Beach labor control that buttressed these surpluses and influenced the 026. PSA 101: Preparing for Presentations uneven development of the region. This historical analysis is Member and Committee Organized Sessions augmented with a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) Panel discussion comparing the reactions of large labor federations to austerity across eleven Eurozone member states. The results reveal the 1:45 to 3:15 pm importance of intra-European dependency relations in Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F determining outcomes during the crisis, and allow a more Session Organizer: detailed mapping of the various groups making up the Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Eurozone’s internal structure. Presider: The Birth of Global Neoliberalism: Cognitive Maps and the Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Interests of Capital in Economic Policymaking Christoffer Panelists: James Petersen Zoeller, University of California-Irvine Dana Nakano, CSU Stanislaus The United States’ unilateral decision to “close the gold window” Danielle Duckett, California State University - Stanislaus in 1971 decisively ended the Bretton Woods era of international Laura Earles, Lewis-Clark State College economics, and set the groundwork for the “neoliberal” institutional arrangement that succeeded it. Detailed historical analysis using extensive archival material traces the development about their photographs. The sensorial nature of mobile photo of this critical policy decision, which is presented as a natural interviews is also discussed, and the contribution that visual experiment through which to observe the interaction between methods can make to study in this field. ideational and material influences on economic policy outcomes. “There are No Female Marines: Comparing Recruiting Images Analysis of this case demonstrates that the perceived interests of from WWII and Present Day” Erica Bender, UC San Diego domestic capitalist firms constitute a set of goals that feature prominently in the cognitive map with which policymakers Military organizations use the imagery in recruiting materials to operate. These goals, in turn, are constructed through the lens of project an ideal, overtly stylized organizational identity to institutionalized normative and cognitive frameworks familiar to prospective members, thus making the images an especially rich policymakers. Process-tracing shows that, over time, source of data for exploring military organizational culture. policymakers gained experience that presented a contradiction These images also signal important developments in how between familiar frameworks and their material goals. Facing a military organizations comprehend gender and its role in their choice, the ultimate outcome represented a self-consciously operations. In this paper, I compare Marine Corps recruiting radical departure from both the normative and logical concerns images from World War II to those of the present-day to discern that had bounded the policy discussion, highlighting the key role the extent to which gender representations have changed across of material interest in the policy process. These findings are used the two periods. This comparative structure enables me to to present a useful framework that integrates neo-institutional identify which organizational gender ideologies are adaptable analysis with a consideration of the state’s role in furthering alongside increasing gender integration of the military, and domestic capitalist interests in the global economy. which ideologies are enduring despite those changes. Using a social semiotic analysis of multiple recruiting images from each 028. Visual Sociology: Examining Social Life From Varying period, I find that despite changes in the representations of men Perspectives and women, several gendered patterns remain. I find that the Visual Sociology number and varieties of representations of women in recruitment Formal research session images have increased since WWII. Present-day images are more 3:30 to 5:00 pm likely to depict men and women together as a cohesive unit. However, I also find similarities across the time periods, Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific including the association between masculinity and military Session Organizer: mission, the concealing of female bodies, and the resolute Wendy Ng, San Jose State University association between men (not women) with military toughness. Presider: These findings speak to developments in the literature on gender Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont Graduate University and organizations that explore how organizational cultures and contexts reproduce gender inequality. I find that despite the Participants: changing social-structural contexts of gender in the military, Aggression and Violence in Mass Media anthony Cortese, highly salient gender ideologies continue to endure. southern methodist university film--"The Bearskin Photograph" Sine Anahita, University of Aggression and violence taught and encouraged on the football Alaska Fairbanks and combat fields spill over to intimate relationships. This paper A 15-minute documentary film analyzing masculinity and examines aggression and violence—including but not limited to sexuality in the late-1890s based on a set of archival intimate partner violence and sexual violence--and their interplay photographs. The photographs were taken by Jasper Wyman in with advertising and other forms of mass media such as gold camps located in the Koyukuk River basin in north central television, film, radio, newspapers and the Internet. The Alaska. economic structures of social inequality must be dismantled. However, focusing exclusively on women’s material or 029. The Master's Degree in Sociology: Building Stronger economic situation may confer women access to a prestigious Programs male social role but will neither re-define women nor provide a Teaching Sociology path to a non-patriarchal view of female identity. The oppression Panel discussion of women can be effectively opposed through a carefully 3:30 to 5:00 pm articulated re-definition of women. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A Using photography to explore the mental health hospital Session Organizer: environment Ellie Byrne, Cardiff University Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University This paper reports on a PhD study into the use of photography to explore the mental health hospital environment. Visual methods Presider: have been known to contribute to qualitative research processes Santos Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento in several ways. Photography, in particular, can be useful in Participant: creating reciprocal interview settings, where both participant and The Master's Degree in Sociology: Building Stronger Programs researcher can feel more at ease, and where participants can have Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University; Preston Rudy, more control over the interview process. Participatory photography, where participants take photographs as part of the San Jose State University; Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, project, deepens this further, to produce more egalitarian power CSULA; Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos; Gary relationships between ‘researcher’ and ‘researched’ and to allow Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach unanticipated themes or issues to arise from the visual data. In This workshop style panel will address the role of the terminal this study, cameras were given to staff and patients at a mental M.A. Sociology Program. The panel will address the various health hospital in South West England, who were asked to take types of M.A. Sociology Programs that exist and cover issues photographs of their surroundings to show what they thought of such as curriculum, evaluation, and student paths after them. Some participated in follow up photo-elicitation graduation. Panelists will share information about their programs, interviews, where they showed the researcher their photographs the various challenges they face, and the changes they’d like to and talked about the hospital environment. Others took part in make in the future. Schools with terminal M.A. programs will be mobile photo interviews where they took photographs whilst encouraged to send a representative in order to participate in the walking around the hospital with the researcher. This paper discussion, share curricula, and brainstorm. reflects on the methodological, practical and ethical implications of using photography in this way, and on the discursive practices 030. Designing Group Randomized Studies Using Optimal Design participants used when taking photographs and whilst talking Professional Development Workshop or demonstration session education. Rather than evaluating the efficacy of shadow 3:30 to 5:00 pm education or discussing the political economy of such lucrative Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B tutoring centers, this presentation addresses the emotional and counseling functions of shadow education tutors for students who Session Organizer: tend to come from wealthy Silicon Valley families, attend school Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico in very competitive school districts, and have fraught Presider: relationships with overbearing parents. While many pupils Feng Hao, Washington State University understand the purpose and need for standardized test preparation Participant: and tutoring, many are forced by their parents to participate, causing some students great academic and emotional stress. Designing Group Randomized Studies using Optimal Design Use of Role and Power within the Parent/Teacher Relationship: Ben Kelcey, University of Cincinnati; Jessaca Spybrook, Understanding Parent Perceptions Sonja Taylor, Portland Western Michigan University State University The purpose of this workshop is to train researchers and Parent participation in school has been increasingly shown to evaluators how to plan adequately powered cluster randomized positively impact children’s academic outcomes. Previous trials (CRTs) for assessing the effects interventions. We will literature has reported a difference in the way parents participate teach participants how to use the Optimal Design(OD) Software and how they feel about their participation, that can be linked to (a free program) and introduce them to recent compilations of social class. Much of what has been written presents a empirical estimates of parameters needed to design multilevel dichotomous account of parent experience – feelings of studies. The target audience includes researchers interested in marginalization for parents in lower SES brackets and feelings of planning and conducting group randomized trials. entitlement for parents in higher SES brackets. Bourdieu’s theory 031. Teachers, Parents, and Private Tutors describing the reproduction of cultural and social capital is often Education (other areas) used as a lens with which to view these different experiences, but Formal research session little discussion has developed about possible sources of agency 3:30 to 5:00 pm for lower SES parents. This study aims to build on findings from research in the UK on a possible source of agency for lower SES Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C parents that can be found within the parent teacher relationship. Session Organizer: While parent participation can take many forms, this study Lisa M Nunn, University of San Diego specifically focuses on the relationship between parents and Presider: teachers and parent perception of the roles assumed by each party Jennifer Raby, University of Colorado-Denver within that relationship. Building on the concepts of cultural and social capital, this research adds the additional lens of positioning Participants: theory. Positioning theory essentially describes a co-creation of Teachers’ Responses to Testing Demands: A Case of NCLB identity that can take place within ongoing dyadic dialogues. One Shikha Bista, Michigan State University manifestation of this source of identity creation can be found in The purpose of this study is to develop a more complex the interactions between parents and teachers of elementary understanding of the ways in which mandated curriculum and school children. Within this research there are policy tests influence teachers’ practice at the classroom level or how implications for how schools structure parent teacher interactions this impacts the quality and nature of teaching. For this, it will as well as how teachers might approach parents of different review and synthesize the body of literature that examines the backgrounds regarding their role in their children’s education. specific ways in which external testing influences teachers’ Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot described the parent teacher conference practice and knowledge and explicate how teachers respond to as "the essential conversation" in her 2003 book of the same such mandates. With this, given the variety of ways in which name. However, initial findings suggest that parents might not NCLB’s high stake accountability is expected to influence or understand the potential power of the conversations they have motivate teachers, the paper focuses on literature that examines with their children's teachers. the influence on teachers, mainly those who have been specially Discussant: prepared to serve ethnically or linguistically diverse populations, Jennifer Raby, University of Colorado-Denver and understand such teachers’ response to the high stakes accountability demands. Here, it not only delves into literature 032. Medical Knowledge that explores how standard based reforms impacts teachers, but Medical Sociology and Health also how teachers respond to and interpret these policies. Formal research session The Shadow Educational System: Multiple Yet Unexpected 3:30 to 5:00 pm Functions of Private Tutoring Yvonne Y Kwan, University of Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A California, Santa Cruz Session Organizer: The term “shadow educational system” describes the practice Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University of paid private tutoring. While shadow education is most often Presider: used by more privileged students to increase academic and Lauren Dana Olsen, UCSD standardized test performance, there are shadow programs that also help students address learning shortfalls and provide Participants: remedial tutoring services. Activities include extra classes, group Medical Standards and the Intimate Labor of Self-Making tutoring, and private (sometimes in-home) one-on-one tutoring. Demetrios Psihopaidas, University of Southern California Understanding how educational inequalities may be perpetuated Literature on contemporary shifts in intimate life has emphasized by the growth and use of such shadow education, this paper the increasingly public, commodified, or commercialized presentation complements studies that have relied primarily on character of formerly private practices and relations. Largely statistical analysis of large longitudinal data set such as the absent, however, has been an explicit analysis of how standards National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) by providing an and standardization facilitate and delimit these shifts. This article “insider account” of the inter-workings of a shadow education draws on participant observation, interviews, and survey data of center in the Silicon Valley. By offering experiences from online transgender groups to show how the standardization of parents, students, and tutors, this study’s use of ethnography medical knowledge of gender nonconformity impacts the addresses some of the challenges and shortcomings that Bray intimate labor of ‘authentic’ self-making. I argue that the explicit (2010) found in terms of using quantitive data to study shadow and implicit criteria, logic, and priorities of the standard influence what counts as ‘authenticity’ and this drives a process Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B of ‘selective deployment’ in the presentation of self. Findings Session Organizer: illuminate the power and limits of standardization to remake intimate life. David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Resisting the Reification of Racial Difference: How Racial Presider: Justice Movements Rupture Biomedical Knowledge of Race Dinur Blum, University of California, Riverside and Disease Bridget Harr, UC Santa Barbara Participants: Scientific and medical knowledge of human difference and All the Punishments, None of the Privileges? Law Enforcement associated disparities in health and illness both inform and are Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence Devon informed by popular understandings of race and disease. These Thacker Thomas, California State University, Fullerton; discourses do not simply reflect or reify race, rather they produce Sergio Torres, California State University, Fullerton racial difference, as persons and populations become understood, Same-sex intimate partners struggle to secure rights and experienced, and treated as separate and distinct. Though science privileges equal to individuals in opposite-sex relationships (e.g., may be an iterative process where revision and rupture are part of marriage rights and the right to victim services in cases of the norm, scientific knowledge permeates and persists in public intimate partner violence (IPV)). However, while unequal in policies and popular culture, which may reproduce, recuperate, or legal privileges, same-sex partnerships generally are recognized refashion discredited or outmoded knowledge of race and in terms of assigning criminal behavior, such as in instances of disease. The persistent use of race as a category of analysis in IPV. This paper draws on in-depth interviews conducted with genetic research despite the heralding of the human genome as members of law enforcement and with individuals who have confirmation of the nonexistence of biological races, for been involved in situations of same-sex intimate partner abuse example, demonstrates the slippage between, and co-constitution (IPV) for which law enforcement became involved to discuss of, scientific and social categories. Drawing on Charles Briggs’ preliminary findings about: (1) the impacts of the criminal justice concept of communicability, which calls attention to the system and IPV statutes on same-sex partners and (2) how IPV transitivity and mutual transformation of social and scientific statutes are understood and enacted by criminal justice personnel discourses, I examine the shifts among and between racial logics in cases of same-sex IPV. Ultimately, this project examines the that draw upon sociocultural, environmental, and biological conflict between social norms, legislative policy and state law. explanations of health inequalities. I seek to elaborate the Consideration of these legal disparities is timely and important processes of recognition and rejection of biomedical knowledge, given current legislation to legally recognize same-sex including how changes in the understanding of and response to partnerships. racial health disparities occur. I focus on community mobilizations that raise challenges to expert knowledge by High-Crime Las Vegas: Smart Policing Strategies, Crime Rates, identifying the risks of and interrelationships between structural and Resident Perceptions of Police in Hispanic racism and racial science in considering their health and Neighborhoods Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las wellbeing. Studying racial justice movements and their Vegas; Andrew Spivak, University of Nevada Las Vegas challenges to prevailing expert knowledge reveals how members This paper uses newly collected data from a collaborative mixed- of the public participate in the construction and contestation of methods project in Las Vegas, Nevada to examine how smart racial, scientific, and medical knowledges. These struggles over policing strategies in high-crime neighborhoods have impacted meaning at the intersections of race, science, and medicine are residential perceptions of crime and the police. We pay close the topic of this presentation. attention to the racial and ethnic disparities that emerge in The Fragmented Transmission of Social Scientific Knowledge: perceptions of crime versus real crime. Using a residential The Case of Cultural Competence Lauren Dana Olsen, survey and official crime data, we show unique racial and ethnic UCSD differences in the perceptions of crime and the police, particularly among the Hispanic population in Las Vegas. We Over the last few decades, the American population has grown in show that factors such as English-language fluency and nativity size and demographic diversity. This macro-level shift in status are associated with Hispanic differences in crime and linguistic and cultural heterogeneity brought new challenges for police perceptions. the everyday work of the health care professions. In response, the health care professions developed a set of knowledge, skills, and Public-Private Partnerships and the Policing of Urban Protest: attitudes poised to respect diverse beliefs and understandings of The Case of Occupy Wall Street Michael A. Gould- health and illness – enveloped under the term cultural Wartofsky, New York University competence. Generating curricular material from social Between 2011 and 2012, protests and occupations swept across epidemiology and anthropology, the case of the introduction of America’s urban centers, incurring wave after wave of police cultural competence measures into medical education and action, with more than 7,000 arrests reported in some 122 cities. practice is an instance of the importation of social scientific While the aggressive tactics observed in the course of such police knowledge into a biomedical environment. Through a discourse action have received ample attention in the literature (Vitale analysis of 76 assessments of cultural competence education 2011; Gitlin 2012; Gillham, Edwards, and Noakes 2013), there efforts and comprehension in the health care field, this paper has been significantly less scrutiny of the strategic interactions examines the reception and absorption of social scientific within which such tactics took shape. In particular, little knowledge by biomedical actors. The current format of cultural attention has been paid to the part played by public-private competence education in biomedicine disproportionally imports partnerships in developing strategies for the policing of urban social scientific data that is positivistic and categorical, while protest, with the collaboration of private sector firms, local police ignoring social scientific data that is critical and reflexive. By departments, and federal intelligence agencies. To better comparing how different forms of social scientific knowledge are understand the actors and the dynamics of their interaction, this received and absorbed, this article shows how the fragmented paper takes up the case of Occupy Wall Street, presenting importation of social scientific knowledge into biomedicine original findings derived from forty in-depth interviews, archival subverts the altruistic goals of cultural competence through a analysis, and one year of participant observation. I find that what reification of racial and ethnic stereotypes. was distinctive about the policing of Occupy protests was not the 033. The Police and Crime tactical repertoire deployed, given that this repertoire was already Crime, Law, and Deviance well established by the 1990s, and familiar to a generation of African-American and Latino youth. I show that what Formal research session distinguished such protest policing was instead the degree to 3:30 to 5:00 pm which its methods were motivated, formulated, and facilitated by cross-sector alliances between public servants and private Member and Committee Organized Sessions partners— in particular, owners and operators of financial Author-meets-critic format services, commercial facilities, transportation hubs, and other 3:30 to 5:00 pm “critical infrastructure.” My findings offer a provisional dataset Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B for discussion and critique, as well as an invitation to further inquiry. Session Organizer: Understanding the Political Economy Effects on Policing Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona Resources and Strategies Targeted at Suspected Public Sex Discussants: Locations Anthony Vega, Washington State University Fred Block, UC Davis It is unclear how law enforcement agencies and more specifically Julia Elyachar, University of California, Irvine vice law enforcement units find locations where public sex Akos Rona-Tas, University of California, San Diego occurs and enforce public sex related penal codes. This study will Bill Maurer, University of California, Irvine investigate how law enforcement agencies use their resources to find public sex locations, police public sex, and their justification 035. Sociological Perspectives Editorial Board Meeting for using those resources to do both. The objective of this study Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting is to understand the political economy factors impacting the Committee meeting policing of public sex locations. This study will use about 40 3:30 to 5:00 pm semi-structured interviews that include law enforcement officers Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B and personnel, local government personnel, and representatives Session Organizer: of local businesses. The interview data will be analyzed using Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University grounded theory to understand the underlying process of how and why law enforcement police public sex locations. The working Member: hypothesis for this study is that law enforcement agencies are Robert M O'Brien, University of Oregon reactively, not actively, seeking public sex locations. Law James Elliott, Rice University enforcement agencies will likely not dedicate many resources Jean Stockard, University of Oregon towards finding public sex locations, because given relevant law Jessica Schultz, University of Oregon enforcement literature it is more likely citizens, other local Robert Bulman, Saint Mary's College of California government agencies, or businesses inform the law enforcement Judy Howard, University of Washington of suspected public sex locations. The types of public and private concerns levied and law enforcement’s responsiveness to those Richard T. Serpe, Kent State University complaints are of interest to this study. Law enforcement will Jonathan Turner, UC-Riverside likely instead focus most of their time and money on the policing Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver of public sex when a public sex location becomes a public Michael Aguilera, University of Oregon nuisance. Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos The Police Officers’ Working Personality: An Application of Shari Dworkin, University of California San Francisco the Working Personality to Federal Agents Kyle Porter, Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana University of La Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La Ryan A Light, University of Oregon Verne Eileen Otis, University of Oregon This study focuses on the occupational personality of Federal Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside Agents. The focal points of the study are to examine whether Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico there is a common personality among Federal Agents and to Jan Stets, University of California, Riverside compare their personalities to the agents’ perceptions of what personality traits make for an effective Federal Agent. The study 036. "What does Food Mean?" Class, Ethnicity, Community is based on Jerome Skolnick’s concept of the Police Officers’ Resilience, and Consumer Values Working Personality. The concept ascribes a common Food and Society personality, which is authoritarian in nature, to all police officers. Research-in-progress session Other studies have examined the personalities of police officers 3:30 to 5:00 pm and have found high levels of authoritarianism (Skolnick 1966). Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C A comparison of occupations within the field of law enforcement found further evidence of authoritarianism as well as different Session Organizer: levels of authoritarianism based on relative positions in the Craig G Van Pelt, University of Oregon organizational hierarchy (Trojanowicz 1971). Methodologically, Presider: this study consisted of 25 interviews and surveys of Federal Patricia Marie Martorana, New Mexico State University Agents ranging in age from 25-51 years. The agents are currently Participants: employed in a specialized agency operational in a field office in the Western region of the United States. It was expected that Chef de Culture? How Class and Ethnic Diversity Interacts with there would not be a singular personality type among Federal Food in Chef Talk Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Agents. Furthermore, the personality traits that Federal Agents Anchorage believe are necessary for effective job performance will be This paper is a preliminary analysis of the interviews from the consistent with personality traits found in the agents themselves. documentary project Tables of Istanbul (Access Trailer/Teaser What is more, it was predicted that all of the agents would have for Tables of Istanbul at low levels of authoritarianism. As the educational attainment of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrybwiODtdM&feature=you the agents increases, it was expected that authoritarianism will tu.be, Facebook page at decrease. Likewise, as the age of the agents increases, it was https://www.facebook.com/TablesofIstanbul?ref=hl). The film is predicted that authoritarianism will also increase. Overall, the a case study of Istanbul’s culinary landscape, exploring how study sought to reinforce the notion that the diversification within cultural identities are established in everyday life through food, law enforcement, and society in general, has made a common and analytically investigating the role of social class and personality in law enforcement impossible. ethnicity in the relationship between culture and food. A complex 034. Author Meets Critic: Fred Block, "The Power of Market web of identities is embedded in this metropolitan world city, situated between the Global North and South, at the crossroads of Fundamentalism" Harvard Press, 214 historic Silk and Spice routes. Global shifts such as proliferation of fast food and changes in the food production affect our to view these emerging food labels through the lens of the Alaska understanding of food as identity. Here, the historic Istanbul of food system. religiously and ethnically diverse urban populations collides with the contemporary city of rural migrants, global nomads, foreign 037. Racial Hierarchies Racial Generations business, art, and politics. The documentary follows the author’s Race/Ethnicity personal relationship with food and explores connections to Formal research session cultural identity utilizing ‘the bridge’ metaphor, searching for 3:30 to 5:00 pm answers in Istanbul’s food landscape. There have been 16 Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D interviews completed, with well-known chefs, cookbook authors Session Organizer: and restaurateurs who specifically articulate a vision of “Turkish” Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University cuisine in the city of Istanbul as well as NGO leaders (such as Slow Food Istanbul). Though the data collection is only 2/3 Presider: complete, the preliminary analysis reveals interesting approaches William Estuardo Rosales, UCLA to articulating food cultures through class and ethnic diversity. Participants: Globally chefs have become household personalities and their Race in Citizenship, Citizenship in Race: The Case of Later cultural constructions around cuisine are important to analyze as they have their own fan base. Generation Japanese Americans Dana Nakano, CSU Stanislaus Gardening and Foraging in Southeast Alaska: Climate Change In her presidential to the American Sociological Association, and Food Security Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast Evelyn Nakano Glenn posed two questions to the discipline This presentation stems from a larger project investigating the related to her chosen conference theme, “Toward a Sociology of intersection of food security, economic livelihoods, subsistence, Citizenship.” One, what can sociology contribute to an cultural sustainability, and climatic and environmental change in understanding of citizenship? And two, what can the study of Berner’s Bay/Southeast Alaska. It is conducted as part of the citizenship contribute to sociological understanding? Glenn’s call Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research reflects a growing interest among sociologist in citizenship in (EPSCoR) Southeast Test Case examining community ecosystem past decades. However, in building a sociology of citizenship, the resiliency and capacity for adapting to climate change. We are concept has become an amorphous term used to describe diverse evaluating the perceived range of ecosystem services and benefits subject matter ranging from national legal membership to in an effort to understand the capacity for local economies, diasporic and transnational ethnic affiliation to a sense of resource managers, and communities to anticipate and respond to belonging. The purpose of this paper is to explore the varied changes in these services. Globally, food insecurity is manifestations of citizenship in the sociological literature with a exacerbated by climate disruption. Ecological vulnerabilities particular focus on the implications of race. In doing so, I hope to such as resource depletion, overharvesting, invasive species, provide a stronger theoretical and conceptual framework. My warming temperatures, precipitation changes, are strongly linked preliminary analysis suggests that as race has been a means to sociological conditions. Alaska has a unique set of concerns in marginalize or incorporate potential members in nation-based this regard: impacts on fisheries, transportation challenges, forms of legal and extralegal citizenship, a broader definition of limited and unpredictable growing seasons, and changing citizenship as belonging enables scholars to examine the ways in landscapes and vegetation shifts. Ninety-five percent of food which individuals and groups navigate their social position both consumed in Alaska is imported. I examine the unintended within and outside the law and national boundaries. I will apply consequences of climatic change on food supply in Southeast this conceptual consolidation to the case of third and fourth Alaska, including availability, local production, transportation generation Japanese Americans in Southern California. I argue costs or accessibility, and potential rise in food costs. For this that later generation Japanese Americans are uniquely positioned presentation, I focus specifically on self-identified foragers, to reveal the ways in which race continues to be implicated in the harvesters, and gardeners and their experiences, perceptions of recognition and practices of citizenship as belonging. ecosystem changes affecting food security for Southeast Alaskan, and the development of adaptive strategies. Racial Hierarchy and Racial Limbo: Perceptions of Deprivation among Coloureds in Post-Apartheid South Africa Whitney N Student Consumer Perceptions of Emerging Food Labels Britta Pirtle, University of California Merced Hamre, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Kara Dillard, Racial hierarchies are systems of stratification premised upon University of Alaska Fairbanks ideologies that assert race is real and there are dominant and The Alaskan food system provides an environment in which subordinate groups. Those positioned between dominant groups consumers face a multitude of choices; ranging from where a and subordinate groups occupy a position of racial limbo. product is sourced from, to how a product was harvested, to the Coloureds in post-apartheid South Africa are considered here an possible ethical implications of purchasing one product over exemplar case because their intermediate placement in the another. Influencing all these consumer decisions are labels. hierarchy was clear and purposeful. The purpose of this paper is Emerging, niche-market food labels bring a new dynamic to the to examine whether perceptions of coloureds in post-apartheid value-laden aspect of the food system, but such labels represent South Africa reflect their intermediate, historical position in new concerns regarding food harvest/product (i.e. “no GMO”, or racial limbo. I inform the examination of racial limbo using “free range”) or a resurgence of interest by consumers to have a relative deprivation theory, which makes predictions about more direct link to their food providers (i.e. local food groups’ perceptions of disadvantage relative to another group, movements). Such labels are important because, as Howard and and extend the theory to make predictions about coloureds, who Allen (2010) note, “ecolabels are available for only a small are simultaneously dominant and subordinate. Analyzing two number of criteria and a tiny percentage of all foods sold. As a waves of the Southern African Afrobarometer (SAB), I examined result, few consumers who wish to do so can express their whether self-identified coloureds in post-apartheid South Africa political and ethical goals for all their food purchases.” Having a perceive their group as both deprived and gratified compared to better understanding of how people perceive such labels and white and black South Africans, respectively. Contrary to politically act via purchasing and consuming such labels is expectations, I found that coloureds reported the highest levels of important for emerging food markets, especially for local-level economic and treatment deprivation. This finding suggests that markets. Alaska’s burgeoning local-food system has been the coloureds’ position in racial limbo is not reflected by the subject of much study Much of this is due to the increase in balancing of deprivation (relative to white South Africans) and consumer interest in local foods which has led to increased gratification (relative to black South Africans); rather, coloureds participation of state departments of agriculture in promoting perceive their position is most deprived. I consider whether branding efforts such as “Made in Alaska”. This study does hope heightened perceptions of deprivation are a characteristic of the multiple social comparisons that must be made by groups in Formal research session racial limbo. 3:30 to 5:00 pm Selectively Racialized, Selectively Politicized? Politicized Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E Ethnic Identity Among Second Generation Iranian Session Organizer: Americans Sheefteh Khalili, UC Irvine Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University What activates ethnic political consciousness? Many studies find Presider: a correlation between ethnic identity and political participation, Shweta Adur, California State University Fullerton however few studies examine the mechanisms that initially activate ethnic political consciousness. In this study I examine Participants: the factors that contribute to the formation of a politicized ethnic Re-conceptualizing Meanings of “Home”: The Emerging identity, which Sears (2003) defines as both placing oneself in a Phenomenon of Repeat Migrants from India in Today’s particular social category and adopting a politicized group Globalized Economy Anjana Narayan, California State consciousness. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with Polytechnic University Pomona; Anthony Ocampo, 1.5 and second generation Iranian Americans between the ages of 20-35, I argue there are two main mechanisms that correlate with California State Polytechnic University Pomona the activation of politicized ethnic identity. The first is a personal Despite the explosion of interest among scholars, policymakers, experience with racial discrimination, which is consistent with and mass media on immigration, repeat migrants are a virtually the theory of reactive ethnicity. However, I extend the theory of unexamined group within the existing discourse on the topic. reactive ethnicity by focusing on how perceived discrimination Sociological research has focused overwhelmingly on of other group members can activate a politicized identity, international migration between home to host society, but more particularly for group members who pass for white and do not recently has addressed the growing phenomenon of return experience discrimination as a result. These individuals have a migration among immigrants and the second generation. This reactive ethnic option which only some choose to assert. Further, research draws data from in-depth interviews with Indian repeat I argue that a strong connection to ones’ family immigration migrants to examines the phenomenon of repeat migration to narrative can politicize an individual even in the absence of a understand the factors that shape the decisions of immigrants negative personal discrimination experience. I draw upon the who opt to permanently return to their adopted country after words of my participants to demonstrate how in some cases, the having made the decision to go back “home”. absence of these mechanisms leads to a non-politicized outcome. Taiwanese Students and Their Legacy: Coming to America, The findings point toward a need to broaden current 1950-1987 Suzanne Model, UMass Amherst understandings of identity to see what other factors lead to Between 1955 and 1983, Taiwanese immigration went from a politicization, and possible mobilization, among ethnic groups. trickle (377) to a flood (19,018). The earliest arrivals came on Understanding Post-Colonial Racial Regimes in Latin America student visas, then chose to remain after graduation. When and Beyond: Toward a Conceptualization of “Hierarchical American immigration law liberalized, these students laid the Inclusion” Wesley Hiers, University of Pittsburgh foundation for a mass migration. This paper describes the How do we conceptualize informal types of domination in ways economic, political and social mechanisms responsible for this that avoid merging them with formal domination? And how do phenomenon. It explores the conditions under which studying conceptualize informal domination in ways that give proper due abroad became desirable, the strategies students used to gain to the specificity of cases while at the same time providing admission, their expectations regarding length of stay, and the concepts that are not bound to those contexts? In recent literature, process through which family migration eclipsed student there has been a tendency to submerge the fundamental migration. The primary data are 30 in-depth interviews with differences between formal systems of racial domination, such as migrants who arrived before 1985, and over a dozen meetings that which prevailed in the United States until the 1960s, and the with key informants. The conversations took place in both informal systems of ethnic/racial inequality that developed in Taiwan and the US. By 1987, conditions in Taiwan began to post-colonial Latin America. One recent book, for example, improve in ways that, while not diminishing the demand for analogizes Jim Crow to the Brazilian context (Kateri Hernandez study abroad, motivated growing proportions of students to 2013), and others liken state-indigenous relations in twentieth return to their homeland. Given the difference in the pre and post century Latin America to apartheid (e.g. Guerrero 2003). A 1987 context, this paper focuses on the earlier period (and a premise of this paper is that the emergence of such overdrawn companion piece provides follow-up to the present day). analogies stems in part from a paucity of concepts for grappling The Complexity of Asian American Wealth: The Role of with the complexities of race/ethnicity in Latin America. Based Ethnicity and Immigration in Understanding Within Group on a broad reading of the secondary historical and Disparities Varisa Patraporn, California State University anthropological literature on race/ethnicity in Latin America Long Beach; Paul Ong, UCLA; Chhandara Pech, UCLA (particularly Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Center for the Study of Inequality Brazil), this paper develops the concept of “hierarchical inclusion” to capture these complexities. In brief, hierarchical By a number of traditional aggregate wealth indicators (e.g. inclusion consists of a rejection of exclusionary legal regimes income, home ownership, entrepreneurship) AAs are at or near (e.g. apartheid South Africa), an embrace of subordinate groups parity with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). However, this as members of “the people”, and a retention of socio-economic dichotomy buries some critical disparities among AAs and may policies and/or ideologies that maintain the hierarchical relation lead scholars and policymakers to dismiss an in-depth analysis of between groups that during the colonial era had been legally AA wealth or to exclude AAs from asset building policies recognized as dominants and subordinates. After developing and targeting racial minorities and disadvantaged groups. We use applying this concept in the context of post-colonial Latin data from two national surveys, the 2008 Survey of Income and American cases, I then more briefly suggest its applicability to Program Participation (SIPP) and the 2008-2012 Community the post-1960s United States, the period that might be described Survey Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) to show the as African Americans’ “post-colonial” era. I argue that the complexity of AA wealth holdings. This paper expands on concept of hierarchical inclusion captures much of what others, current and past studies on AA wealth by providing a more in analyzing the US in isolation, have conceptualized as various depth analysis of wealth within the AA community, examining forms of post-Jim Crow racism. predictors of wealth, and using more recent data. We finding that despite higher levels of household income, AAs continue to 038. Asian immigrants in the U.S. experience a wealth gap compared to NHWs. In addition, AAs Migration/Immigration continue to lag behind NHWs in terms of net wealth at the highest and lowest ends of the wealth distribution. Regression results estimating wealth show the importance of being foreign much this invitation has made my day...heck, my month! Mike" born and AA ethnicity. Ethnic differences remain pronounced Session Organizers: across all measures of wealth holdings particularly between East Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary and Southeast Asian groups. Findings point to the need for policy makers and planners to target AA at the bottom quartile of Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon the wealth distribution and immigrants in developing asset Patricia Hoffman, New Mexico State University building policies and programs. Presider: Discussant: Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary Shweta Adur, California State University Fullerton Participant: 039. PSA 101: Professionalization Ending Violence Against Women: Opportunities and Tensions Member and Committee Organized Sessions in Men's Work as Feminist Allies Michael Messner, Panel discussion University of Southern California 3:30 to 5:00 pm 042. The Global Food & Agriculture System versus Local Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Identity Session Organizer: Food and Society Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Formal research session Presider: 5:15 to 6:45 pm Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C Panelists: Session Organizer: Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Craig G Van Pelt, University of Oregon Matthew Carlson, Portland State University Presider: Amy Lubitow, Portland State University Jordan Fox Besek, University of Oregon Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus Participants: Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Engendering the Metabolic Rift: A Feminist Political Ecology 040. Demonstration: Doing Critical and Creative Thinking in the of Agrofuels Sue Dockstader, University of Oregon Classroom On March 9th 2007, a day after the world celebrated Teaching Sociology International Women’s Day, 900 peasant women from Via Workshop or demonstration session Campesina stormed a Cargill-owned sugar mill in the region of 5:15 to 6:45 pm Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state. As part of a national week of struggle dubbed Women in Defense of Food Sovereignty, the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B campesinas were protesting a new energy pact between the US Session Organizers: and Brazil aimed at increasing the production and funding of Debra Welkley, California State University, Sacramento biofuels. The agreement between the world’s largest producers of Santos Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento ethanol laid the groundwork for an international biofuel market. Presider: Many Marxist theoreticians explain how the market contributes to growing inequality between the North and South as well as Debra Welkley, California State University, Sacramento intensifying local inequalities. Feminist scholars examine Participant: gendered impacts vis-à-vis the fuels. But none have advanced Doing Critical and Creative Thinking in the Classroom Debra critiques that accept the tenets of Marxist metabolic rift theory Welkley, California State University, Sacramento; Santos while analyzing the gendered impacts of biofuels on poor Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento communities. My work incorporates both theoretical frameworks and exposes the unjust practices that accompany biofuel Our aim is to share important ideas about teaching critical and expansion and demonstrates how they serve to exacerbate men creative thinking. This session will highlight material utilized in and women’s poverty and other gendered patterns of exclusion. a text we coauthored, Critical & Creative Thinking, with a The aim of this work is to spur a larger discussion regarding how particular emphasis on how to incorporate the content and capitalist expansion of so-called “sustainable” technologies techniques into any classroom. As in the organizing schema for interfaces with global and local gendered practices. Additionally, the text, this session will focus on 1. Characteristics and traits of I think it is important to explore narratives that counterpose the effective critical thinker; 2. Application of the values, romanticized “peasant” identities against monolithic knowledge and skills in applying critical and creative thinking; representations of capital. I believe that such characterizations and, 3. How to expose students to critical and creative thinking in can inadvertently serve to reinforce rather than alleviate local such a way as to strengthen their effective use of self in social oppression regimes and potentially extend the reach of neoliberal and professional contexts. policy rather than leading to appropriate development. 041. Sociology Stars Speaker Series: Michael Messner Social capital and collective identity in the local food movement Member and Committee Organized Sessions Mark R. Bauermeister, Foothill College Committee sponsored session Social movement actors seeking alternatives to the highly 5:15 to 6:45 pm industrialized, global food system have been advocating for more Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B sustainable, local food systems. Many of the local food The inaugural Sociology Stars Speaker Series event for the Pacific movement strategies and initiatives to counter the conventional Sociological Association conference in which a prominent sociologist is practices of the industrial food system have proven successful. invited to attend the meetings to discuss their most current research. Social movement researchers have documented the importance of Michael Messner, USC, has been invited as our first speaker to discuss his the roles and services social movement organizations provide for book, Some Men: Feminist Allies in the Movement to End Violence movement constituents to realize their success, emphasizing Against Women. ************Note: neither Patricia Gwartney, nor Pat human and financial capital as key components for mobilizing Hoffman are actually in the system, so the only person I can put in as a collective action. Researchers have also documented the value of session organizer or presider is Linda Henderson. ************* and note interorganizational networks, and the benefits of collaboration to from Mike Messner upon agreeing to do the talk : "thanks Linda; happy expand the share of resources, and perhaps more importantly holidays to you too. And let me convey, in case I failed to earlier, how design social movement frames to direct collective action for social change. However, what local food movement research has 044. Welcome and New Members Reception yet to address are some of the potential barriers that minimize Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting collaboration among organizational leaders as it relates to social Reception capital and collective identity. This original research takes a 6:30 to 8:30 pm cross-sectional, network analysis of social movement organizations working to increase the sustainability of the local Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Rotunda food system in Marin County, California, a historically Session Organizer: agricultural region serving a number of urban communities. Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Findings from the mixed-methods research reveal evidence of collective identity and social capital as enhancing collaboration 045. Marcia Marx Teaching with Film (tentative) among particular types of organizations while reducing potential Member and Committee Organized Sessions collaboration among and between other social movement Video session organizations. By analyzing the collective identity and 7:00 to 8:30 pm dichotomous nature of social capital among social movement Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific organizations, my research contributes a clearer understanding of Session Organizer: the existing gaps for realizing a more sustainable local food Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University system. The Stockton Farmers Market: Racialization and Sustainable 046. PSA Committee Chairs and Editors Dinner Food Systems Alison Hope Alkon, University of the Pacific; Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Dena Vang, University of the Pacific Event Through interviews and surveys with market farmers and 7:30 to 9:30 pm customers, it explores the social world of Stockton California’s Offsite: Offsite predominantly Southeast Asian Saturday Farmers Market, Session Organizer: examining why vendors and customers choose to buy and sell Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University their food in this venue. Given previous research on race and Member: alternative food systems, it is important to understand the motivations behind support for this low-income, predominantly James Elliott, Rice University Southeast Asian farmers market, as doing so can push our Robert M O'Brien, University of Oregon understandings of sustainable food systems beyond the binaries Jean Stockard, University of Oregon of alternative food/food justice movements and white/black Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver participants in order to begin to more finely understand the Manuel Barajas, California Statue University Sacramento relationships between race, culture, food and sustainability. Shari Dworkin, University of California San Francisco Interviews and surveys revealed that both vendors and customers Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands prioritize instrumental concerns. For customers, this means the market’s affordability while vendors emphasize their ability to Elizabeth Essary, Pepperdine University make a living. However, both groups do also value qualities Vivian Varela, Mendocino Community College associated with alternative food systems, including freshness, Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne sustainability and community. For the Southeast Asian farmers Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus and customers who comprise a majority at this farmers market, David Musick, University of Northern Colorado these priorities are inextricable from their cultural identities and Brianne A Dávila, California State Polytechnic University, foodways. This suggests that support for sustainable agriculture Pomona is present in a predominantly low-income, Southeast Asian Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University farmers market, and is intertwined with instrumental and cultural concerns. Leaders in the alternative foods and food justice Liahna Gordon, California State University, Chico movements who are interested in creating more cross-racial Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Anchorage alliances would do well to connect with vendors and customers Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University in markets such as this one. Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno Earl Babbie, Chapman University 043. Graduate School: Choosing the Right One Member and Committee Organized Sessions Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento Panel discussion Patricia Hoffman, New Mexico State University 5:15 to 6:45 pm Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon Session Organizer: Wendy Ng, San Jose State University Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside Presider: Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast Amy Denissen, California State University, Northridge Participants: How to Choose, Navigate, and Align your Graduate Program with your Career Objectives Kooros Mahmoudi, Northern Arizona University THURSDAY, APRIL, 2 Choosing the Right Grad School: A student perspective 047. SWS Breakfast Zachary Paul Davidson, University of Nevada, Reno Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Power, Prestige, and Saving the World: Exploring the Different Event Graduate School Options Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State 7:00 to 8:30 am University Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B Strategies for Increasing Your Chances of Admission Shannon Session Organizers: Bell, University of Kentucky Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Shelley Jan Eriksen, California State University, Long Beach 048. PSA Council Meeting 2014-15 Session Organizer: Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Megan Thiele, SJSU Committee meeting Presider: 8:30 to 10:00 am Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State University Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific Participants: Session Organizer: Making Meaning of Student Debt Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Riverside Member: Dissertation results from a multi-institutional survey (N = 1175) Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon and in-depth interview (N = 84) on the meanings that students Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands make of being in debt while in college will be presented. Survey Michelle Madsen Camacho, University of San Diego results suggest that the meanings that students make of their debt Jocelyn Hollander, University of Oregon is largely influenced by institutional type, students' major, and Amy Leisenring, San Jose State University family background. Interview results suggest that there are four patterned cultures of debt among todays undergraduate college Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside students. Amy J. Orr, Linfield College What Student Loan Crisis? Debt Unconcern among Elite Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University College Students Allison L. Hurst, Oregon State University; Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside Sylvanna M. Falcón, University of California, Santa Cruz Debbie Warnock, University of Louisville; Miriam J Abelson, Portland State University Landy Adrianaivosoa, Oregon State University Shari Dworkin, University of California San Francisco Analyzing data from a mixed methods project examining career outcomes of liberal arts college graduates, we seek to explain the Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver overwhelming optimism of elite college students in the face of 049. Developing Teaching Careers at Community Colleges mounting educational debt burdens. The paper situates this Professional Development optimism within the context of the student loan crisis and within Workshop or demonstration session an analysis of the incidence and effects of debt burden among 8:30 to 10:00 am students of varying social backgrounds. Data from the School- to-Work Survey provides some explanations for the class-based Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A optimism that emerges from interviews with college seniors. Session Organizer: Although liberal arts colleges are expensive, students from elite Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico families are much more likely to have their debts repaid by a Presider: family member upon graduation. They are also less likely to Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College make decisions based on debt than their less-privileged peers. We conclude by arguing that national averages of student debt Participant: are misleading and deceptive. Student debt should be Developing Teaching Careers at Community Colleges Jean reexamined in light of the different parental and family resources Shin, American Sociological Association; James McKeever, available to students. Los Angeles Pierce College; Rebecca Romo, Santa Monica State Spending on Public Higher Education: Do the Educational College; Alondo Campbell, Santa Ana College Histories of Legislators Matter? Megan Thiele, SJSU; This professional workshop is centered on the development of Kristen Shorette, State University of New York at Stony full-time post-PhD teaching careers at community colleges. Not Brook typically discussed during graduate training, community colleges State commitments to public higher education vary widely and have become a more frequent and attractive option for early are determined in part by unique political environments. Based career sociologists to begin their academic careers. This is on research suggesting that policy-makers’ personal especially true for individuals who value post-secondary teaching characteristics affect policy outcomes, this work addresses the and advising, but also want to connect with a variety of students following: Do states with a larger percentage of legislators with a who do not begin their undergraduate studies at four-year public higher education degree spend more on public higher colleges. The panel for this workshop is comprised of several education than do other legislatures, all other things equal? To full-time community college faculty members who consciously answer this question, this author will use a robust time-series chose to work at community colleges--and who can talk about dataset of the educational backgrounds of state legislators. the rewards and challenges of the job. Currently, there are 7,383 state legislators. In 2005, I compiled 050. Bridging the Gap: Teaching Introductory Sociology in the the first wave of this database, which included the educational 21st Century backgrounds of 6,517 state legislators. This fall 2014, I am guiding the collection of the second wave of data. Findings from Member and Committee Organized Sessions this research will evaluate the extent to which legislators Workshop or demonstration session advocate for spending based on their own demographic profiles. 8:30 to 10:00 am #Bonusgate: Tactical Framing Against the Corporatization of Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B Higher Education Sine Anahita, University of Alaska Session Organizer: Fairbanks Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University In summer 2014, the University of Alaska system announced it Participant: was in budgetary crisis. Plans were made to furlough staff, freeze Bridging the Gap: Teaching Introductory Sociology in the 21st hiring, cancel classes, cut programs, slash travel funding, Century Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University increase student fees, and other austerity measures. In total, the budget gap was projected to be $26M. Then, in early summer, 051. Financing Higher Education: (How) Are feelings Involved? the University of Alaska Board of Regents (BoR) announced it Education—Higher Education was giving the UA President a $320K bonus as part of its Formal research session strategy to corporatize the university system. The proposed 8:30 to 10:00 am presentation describes how a small group utilized tactical framing Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C and other ideas from social movement theory to successfully overturn the bonus and to make other social movement gains. Drowning instead of dreaming: Women's narratives of Ahmadi, College of Western Idaho education and debt Angela Johanna Ostrikoff, York The purpose of this research is to explicate the relationship University between commuting behavior and mental health outcomes. The University students in Canada are incurring more debt than ever researcher expects that individuals who spend more time before. Some have referred to modern post-secondary and commuting will experience higher levels of stress and graduate education as a 'debt sentence' due to the rising costs of detrimental mental health problems as a consequence. Each living, student loan interest rates and increasing tuition fees individual experiences and confronts stressful situations causing education to become more and more unattainable. I wish differently. Of importance in this particular context is the mode to explore the ways that women from low-income and working of transportation utilized. Specifically, driving alone in a car will class families experience this burden of debt as they attempt to likely be more stressful than riding on a subway, bus, or train. juggle the realities of their lives and higher education. Often the Moreover, being physically active, such as walking or biking to voices of marginalized voices are not heard and so with this work, may reduce overall stress levels. There is an established research project, my aim will be to make space for these voices. link between exercise, the production of endorphins, and better mental health outcomes. Americans continue to reside on the 052. A Sociological Look at Mental Health fringes of major metropolitan areas, and levels of depression and Medical Sociology and Health other mental disorders are increasing. Accordingly, research in Formal research session this area is important. 8:30 to 10:00 am The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injuries on Aggression and Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Suicide Ariana Maris-Bestard Lamb, University of La Session Organizer: Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University This exploratory study investigates the relationship between Presider: traumatic brain injuries and symptoms of aggression and suicidal Ariana Maris-Bestard Lamb, University of La Verne ideation or self-harm. Its focus is on 300 college student’s experiences with a traumatic brain injury and whether or not they Participants: have post-injury aggression and/or suicidal ideations, which may Gender Stratification and Socioeconomic Gradient in Mental ultimately get them into trouble with the law. It suggests that Health in Vietnam Ha Ngoc Trinh, University of Utah individuals who have sustained a head injury are more likely to Mental health problems, including depressive disorder of develop aggression and suicidal ideation or even self-harming depression, sadness, anxiety, and worrisome, and substance behaviors. Previous findings show that individuals who have disorder of alcohol and drug abuse, cause major adverse effects been adjudicated and incarcerated have an 87% head injury rate, on health and wellbeing. Mental health under the cause of social whereas the general population has an eight percent injury rate. factors such as gender and socioeconomic status have been With the increase in contact sports being played, estimates are widely studied in developed countries, however, developing that around 32% of all athletes who participate in contact sports nations share limited knowledge on such matter. This present have sustained a single head injury at some time, while 13% of paper employs the World Health Survey 2003 to examine gender them have sustained multiple head injuries. This study was stratification and socioeconomic gradient in mental health in influenced by Fleminger (2010) who identified areas of the brain Vietnam, a developing country recently characterized with most vulnerable to injury, and how these areas can develop remarkable economic growth and rapid social transformation in physiological abnormalities, which cause psychological problems the market economy. Ordinary least squared and logistic in areas of the brain, which are involved in social function and regression results indicated that similar to mental health decision-making. Many other studies have indicated connections problems in developed nations, the pathways linking gender and between traumatic head injuries and irritability, aggression, mental health for women was “internalizing” meaning that hopelessness, depression and even suicide. Methodologically, women freely express their feelings, thus, leading to higher this study was conducted using self-reported survey data from depressive disorder seen for Vietnamese women. Unlike women, 400 college students at a suburban university. They identified Vietnamese men’s pathway to mental health was “externalizing” themselves as either having or not having sustained a head injury through abusive behaviors of alcohol abuse which also resembled in their lifetime. All participants then went on to disclose their men’s mental health in developed countries. One significant aggression and suicidality levels through various assessments. finding contradicted with the stress hierarchy model confirming The inclusion of qualitative data allowed respondents to explain that the role of employer in the new market economy inherited the circumstances in which their head injury occurred, which with more adverse mental health than being unemployed for both previous studies indicate events leading to head injuries are often genders. The results also pointed to the direction that although events which could lead to incarceration, as well. Findings are new roles are emerging, the persistence of traditional anticipated to suggest that individuals who sustain multiple expectations of “bread-winner” heavily affects Vietnamese men, traumatic brain injuries will exhibit higher levels of aggression making them more stressful and dependent on alcohol when and suicidal ideation than individuals with a single head injury. being unemployed than their female counterparts. This study also anticipates finding that individuals with a more recent head injury will exhibit more severe forms of aggression Variations of Men's Mental Wellbeing based on Caregiver or suicidality. It concludes that better preventative and Status, Education, and Gender Ideology Emily Jones, intervention models of treatment are needed for individuals at University of Kansas higher risk for sustaining head injuries to aid in lessening the The question driving this research is, do men vary in their mental severity and longevity of post-injury aggression and suicidal health well-being based on education, care-giving status, and ideation or self-harming behaviors. gender ideology? Social constructions of masculinity and femininity as well as the social roles tied to each gender 053. Economics, Criminalization and Social Control performance may lead to variation of mental well being among Race/Ethnicity men with different education levels, among men with either Formal research session traditional or eqalitarian gender ideologies, or based on care- 8:30 to 10:00 am giver status, which is a traditionally female dominated role. I Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B seek to understand how the changing gender relations and social Session Organizer: gender roles in U.S. society may affect the mental well-being of Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University men in these ways. Presider: The Impact of Commuting on Mental Health John Malek- Armando Xavier Mejia, University of Wisconsin, Madison & California State University, Long Beach Participants: Participants: Breastfeeding as Maternal Performativity: Interpreting Perceived Immigrant Job Competition and Volunteerism Frank Interactions with the Male Gaze JaDee Y. Carathers, L. Samson, University of Miami Portland State University The present study contributes to research on diversity and civic Recent studies have approached the problem of low breastfeeding engagement by examining the connection between perceived rates by suggesting the need to evaluate and inform male immigrant job competition and subsequent changes in partner’s attitudes and understandings about breastfeeding. These volunteering behavior. Drawing on insights from group position studies suggest that a male partner’s stated, or even perceived, theory, its normative dimensions, and its application to attitudes on breastfeeding may impact a mother’s decision to neighborhood segregation and race-of-neighbor preferences, I breastfeed, her success after initiation, and the duration she use panel data from the Portraits of American Life Study to test chooses to breastfeed. What this emerging research fails to the association between perceptions of immigrant job address is why men play such a significant role in the competition in 2006 (Wave 1) and volunteering in 2012 (Wave breastfeeding experience. Utilizing a standpoint epistemology 2), controlling for volunteering at Wave 1 and additional and in-depth interviews to give voice to 17 breastfeeding women, covariates. Results from logistic regressions indicate that I explore the ways in which breastfeeding “troubles” the perceptions of immigrant job competition in 2006 are associated performance of gender. Findings indicate that breastfeeding with changes in whites’ volunteer behavior between 2006 and interferes with the sexuality of women’s breasts by purposing 2012. This social psychological effect persists even when them in the service of a child instead of a partner, by inhibiting contextual factors such as percent foreign born and Gini sexual access to the mother’s body, by altering the physical inequality at the county level are introduced. Furthermore, data appearance of her breasts, and by offering an intimately do not present clear and consistent relationships for volunteerism satisfying experience to the woman outside of the man’s among non-whites, suggesting a need for further study. participation. I contend that the “male gaze” is a mechanism for Uplift, Child Saving, and Citizenship: Racial Politics and controlling cultural images of women’s bodies, clearly separating sexualized (i.e., desirable) breasts from maternal breasts (i.e., Governance at Hampton Institute, 1880-1912 Sarah Fong, desexualized). The power of these competing scripts is realized USC when women internalize them; for instance, choosing not to This paper addresses the intersection of racial formation and breastfeed because they feel it may inhibit/disrupt their sexuality. governmentality at the Hampton Institute in Virginia. Paying Furthermore, the male gaze impacts the personal dynamics of particular attention to the presence of both African American and breastfeeding partnerships when women regulate their behavior indigenous students in the school between 1880 and 1912, I and evaluate their bodies as a reaction to the needs, desires, and consider the ways in which discourses of racial uplift, child opinions of their partners. saving, and citizenship operate to establish racial meanings and From Stigma to Feminization: Transition of Modern Yoga in social control. Following Avery Gordon's turn towards considering those “specters or ghosts” which “haunt” our present Japan Keiko Irie, Kyoto University day, I trace the discursive and material trajectory of the practice Modern yoga in Japan specializes in certain factors after having of child removal. Located within the subfield of historical experienced three booms in its popularity, including the sociology, this project considers the continuities between social tendencies of feminization, consumer culture, fashion, medicine, institutions and social process of the Progressive era and our and spirituality. Specifically, feminization is an outstanding present day. I analyze the discourses of race and governance characteristic of yoga in Japan as some yoga studios will only through the writing of Hampton school administrators. How is permit females to participate. On the other hand, yoga in Japan the discourse of child protection mobilized as a tool of excludes a religious and/or philosophical element, which is governance? Given the disproportionate representation of African present in yoga practice in other countries. As such, this paper American and indigenous youth in today's foster care system, examines how Japanese yoga has been feminized through the how do we understand the role of race in practices of child elimination of religious factors. For this purpose, this study removal? Ultimately, this case study will be put into conversation analyzed narratives of “yogi” and “yogini” in Japan from with contemporary debates regarding the functions and priorities interviews I conducted with adults who own yoga studios and of the foster care system. I conclude that the specters of racial who practice yoga. At the same time, the article, autobiographies, formation and governmentality present at the Hampton Institute and data from the fieldwork will be referenced. This study found continue to haunt contemporary foster care practices. that incidents of religious cults in Japan once damaged the whole yoga community so severely that most yoga studios were banned Emancipation, Politics and Racial Identity in Early as a result. One yogi decided to focus on the female population in Reconstruction New Orleans Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly order to eradicate the stigma attached to yoga, and the social Pomona; Sophia Pedroza, Cal Poly Pomona background of “spiritual culture” and “consumer culture” This paper details the changing legal and political fates of assisted in his arbitrary decision. Finally, the images and the way African Americans during the immediate post-War years. So that yoga is “consumed” in Japan reflect the gender norms of called "Creoles of Color" and freed slaves now found themselves today. Modern yoga in Japan places importance on to be the same legal status and to have a even greater shared fate. “healing/relaxing” for beauty, and never mentions enhancing Further, despite popular characterizations of competition and sexual ability like in other countries. hostilities between the groups, the reality was, predictably, much Minutewomen, Victims, or Parasites: The Discursive more complex and involved deployment of complicated political Construction of Women by Nativist Movements Kristin strategies. Haltinner, University of Idaho 054. Representation and Performance This research examines the performance and discursive Gender production of women in nativist militias, using the case study of Formal research session the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps. It finds that the perception 8:30 to 10:00 am of women is complex and shaped by competing discourses: Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C (white) women within the organization are able to bend some traditional gender roles while those outside the MCDC are Session Organizer: constructed as victims in need of (white, male) protection. Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah Migrant women are concurrently produced as both victims of Presider: migrant male sexuality and parasites on U.S. society. As a result Catherine Bolzendahl, University of California, Irvine of these paradoxes, the social and discursive construction of the intersecting categories of women and citizen/migrant becomes more complex. Women’s demands for agency, their political abroad? The proposed data is based on four months of participant drives, and their intentions drive their discursive production. observation conducted from May through August 2014 at the South Sea Mermaids: A study of images of vahine and first two squats in Turkey along with ongoing complementary in- mermaiders Anaïs Pedica, University of York depth interviews with the squatters. This study explains the emergence and form of organization of the squats based on Visual manifestations of Polynesia depict the region as ‘paradise’ squatters’ past political engagement and their experience of the and have been ripe with myths, particularly concerning Gezi Movement. Preliminary findings show that the squatters' Polynesian women. The term ‘South sea mermaids’ is a play on past experiences in leftist groups and the Gezi Movement's global words that merges the concept of the South sea maiden with the connections created and shaped the processes through which the mythic fish-women. The South sea maiden represents one of the squats govern themselves. terms used to characterise sexualised representations of Polynesian women. In this paper I explore Western visual Hungry For Change: A Case Study of Food Not Bombs in representations of mermaids and Polynesian women. Mermaids Portland, OR Trent Saari, Portland State University have survived history more than any other mythical creature and The implementation of neoliberal political and economic policies are still featured in popular culture today. The paper exposes the has resulted in deregulation, privatization and withdrawals in historical relationship between myths, mermaids, goddesses and state funding. However, understanding how social movements Polynesian women since European navigators’ first encounters resist market reliance and fill the gap that is created in the with Pacific islands. I analyse predominantly contemporary provisioning of social goods remains unclear. This study explores photographs of mermaiders and Tahitian South sea maidens but how social movements attempt to fill this gap by focusing on the also classical and contemporary paintings and illustrations, their case of Portland Food Not Bombs, which engages in direct action mise-en-scène, and the representation of bodies from a literal and by serving free meals comprised of reclaimed food to the house- symbolic point of view. I discover common patterns and less population in visible public spaces. Specifically, this project resemblances between these images, specifically in the draws upon ethnographic fieldwork and interviews looking at eroticisation and exoticisation of places and bodies. Then, I how individuals' understand their participation within Portland suggest that these images are informed by Jung’s concept of the Food Not Bombs as opposing capitalist market-based distributive ‘collective unconscious’ and represent projections of the processes and bureaucratic organizational structure. By archetype of the Goddess, the essence of the Divine Feminine. integrating opposing cultural values and social relations into its The Gendering of Emotional Flexibility: Why Angry Women organizational structure and activities, Portland Food Not Bombs Are Both Admired and Devalued in Debt Settlement Firms radically alters market based distributive processes and social relations. Initial findings from in-depth interviews of individuals Zaibu Nissa Tufail, University of California, Irvine; within Portland Food Not Bombs indicate that they understand Francesca Polletta, University of California, Irvine non-hierarchical organizational structure as facilitating Research on emotional labor has consistently shown that empowerment, while the manipulation of public space is women’s jobs require suppressing anger. But in the debt understood as being an integral component in the process of settlement firms we studied, the women who negotiated with building solidarity with one of society's most marginalized creditors were expected to express anger. We show that what populations. Despite the increased focus on recent social made their anger acceptable was that it was preceded and movements such as Occupy, non-hierarchical social movements followed by positive emotions. Women were praised for their are generally an understudied phenomenon. The findings of this ability to rapidly shift from anger to warmth and back to anger paper contribute to the existing literature with a specific case of a again. But this ability to shift emotional registers was also seen new social movement, and provide insight into the challenges by employers and co-workers as a function of women’s natural non-hierarchical social movements face in their day to day emotional plasticity, and was contrasted unfavorably with men’s operation within the public sphere. emotional consistency. What was gendered was not an emotion The Invention of the 99 Percent: New Evidence on the Origins but an emotional pattern, with the consequence that women’s emotional labor was simultaneously valued and devalued. and Development of a Social Imaginary Michael A. Gould- Wartofsky, New York University 055. Imbedded Academics - Participant/Observation Studies of Much of the literature on the Occupy phenomenon has treated the Social Movements object of analysis as if it were no more than the sum of its Social Movements and Social Change squares. In this paper, I argue that this phenomenon was Formal research session predicated, not only on the occupation of urban spaces, but also 8:30 to 10:00 am on the making and mobilization of the “99 Percent” imaginary as Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E a mode of social and political practice. How did participants in Occupy conceive of the “99 Percent”? How did they mobilize Session Organizer: this category of practice, in practice? Further, how did the Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus occupiers deal with the many differences within the “99 Percent,” Presider: i.e., the divergent interests, identities, motivations, and Birgan Gokmenoglu, University of Southern California aspirations among those who took up its banner? While Participants: quantitative surveys have yielded some intriguing results, we have seen surprisingly little qualitative data. This paper presents Aftermath of the Gezi Movement: Global Connections and original findings on the politics of the 99 Percent, derived from Local Activism Birgan Gokmenoglu, University of Southern eighty in-depth interviews, archival analysis, and one year of California participant observation. For my respondents, the 99 Percent was This study analyzes the aftermath of the 2013 Gezi Movement in no ready-made category of the real, but an imaginary they sought Turkey by looking at the emerging squatter movement and places to make real, through the constitution of solidarities among an it in a broader historical and cultural context. The study critiques ensemble of otherwise heterogeneous interests and identities. the wholesale usage of the New Social Movements framework of Yet the 99 Percenters found these solidarities tested by very real the 1970s and 80s in interpreting the Movement and subsequent disparities of power, time, and resources, e.g., between white and forms of activism in Turkey while engaging with more recent nonwhite Americans, union workers and student debtors, alter-activism literature. The research questions informing this homeowners and homeless itinerants, citizens and undocumented study are: in the post-Gezi civic sphere, who continues to be immigrants. I argue that the disjuncture between the social politically active? how did the earlier Gezi Movement serve to imaginary and the social reality of the movement rendered the 99 facilitate the decision to use squatting as a continuation of the Percent coalition internally unstable and ultimately Movement? what is the squats’ relation to past and present squats unsustainable. 056. Political Sociology: Citizenship, Migration, and City Politics their effects revealed both convergent and divergent impacts on Politics and the State (Political Sociology) the local democratic process: in all three cases emergency Formal research session management was found to lead to the loss of control of the 8:30 to 10:00 am agenda for both local representatives and residents, the reduction in the sharing of information by the EM, a diminishment of Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F access to decision-makers (the respective EMs in each city), and Session Organizer: the reduction in the relative voting power of both residents and Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay elected leaders. Alternatively, the impact upon Detroit’s Participants: democratic process was found to a lesser extent than Hamtramck and Pontiac, especially in terms of the greater degree of Citizenship Norms: Perspectives of Citizens and Non-Citizens inclusion, participation and control of the agenda available to jim d. Faught, loyola marymount university Detroit elected officials (most notably, the newly elected mayor, The conventional understanding of citizenship increasingly has Mike Duggan). been challenged in good part as a consequence of immigration and the processes of globalization. As a result of these forces of 057. Committee on Community Colleges change demands have been placed on state structures that bring Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting into question their ability to meet the expectations of both citizen Committee meeting and non-citizen populations. Indeed, state official and residents 10:15 to 11:45 am alike find themselves embattled over the ability of the state to Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor A deliver resources seen as vital to enhancing life chances. The Session Organizer: paper that I am now researching will explore similar aspects of citizenship that have been previously examined by Bolzendahl Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University and Coffe (2009). Relying on T.H. Marshall’s distinction Member: between civic, political, and social citizenship, Bolzendahl and Vivian Varela, Mendocino Community College Coffe used the results of the 2004 Citizenship module of the April Cubbage-Vega, Saddleback Community College International Social Survey Program to assess the impact of Marie Butler, Oxnard College gender on public conceptions of citizenship. By contrast I will Elizabeth Bennett, Central New Mexico Community College analyze a subset of the 2012 General Social Survey that will Jacquelynne Logg, Foothill Community College/SJSU include those (N=267) that were asked whether or not they are U.S. citizens. A comparison of citizens and non-citizens will Daniel Poole, University of Utah contribute to our knowledge of the extent to which non-citizens 058. Membership Committee resemble citizens in their relative expectations about civil, Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting political, and social citizenship rights and responsibilities. Committee meeting Additionally the results of the study will provide some insight 10:15 to 11:45 am into the relative importance of the three types of citizenship for both citizens and non-citizens alike. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor B Beyond Trafficking: People, Place and the Right of Locomotion Session Organizer: Julia O'Connell Davidson, University of Nottingham, UK Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University ‘Human trafficking’ is widely compared to the transatlantic slave Member: trade, an association that is used to legitimate the exercise of state Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary power to prevent people from moving from place to place. The Linda Kim, Arizona State University comparison glosses over the fact that Africans transported to the Jeffrey David Montez de Oca, University of Colorado Colorado New World as chattel slaves had no desire to move there - it Springs required overwhelming physical force to move them. Those who Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah today are described as Victims of Trafficking almost invariably Melanie Arthur, University of Alaska wanted to move, evidenced, among other things, by the fact they have been willing to indebt themselves to travel. This paper Kassia Wosick, New Mexico State University argues that historical parallels can more usefully be drawn 059. Committee on Committees between aspects of contemporary migration and the movement of Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting people who escaped from transatlantic slavery. The continuities Committee meeting arise from the correspondence between structures and 10:15 to 11:45 am mechanisms set in place by slave states historically and those employed by states today to control and manage the mobility of Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor C groups deemed to be outsiders and subpersons. The legal edifice Session Organizer: that today controls mobility was no more designed to protect Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University human rights, and is no more compatible with that ambition, than Member: was that constructed by colonial and slave states historically. Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands These continuities draw attention to the continuing relevance of demands articulated by fugitive slaves in the nineteenth century Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University for a ‘right of locomotion’. Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University Local Financial Crisis and the Democratic Process: A Case Liahna Gordon, California State University, Chico Study of Michigan's Emergency Manager Law Heather Dennis Loo, Cal Poly Pomona Harper, UC San Diego Brianne A Dávila, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona The nation’s turn into the 21st century has witnessed an influx of local financial crises. Several state governments have enacted Todd Migliaccio, CSUS legislation in response; this research investigates one such G. Reginald Daniel, University of California, Santa Barbara legislative course of action—Michigan’s Public Act (PA) 436 Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State University and its predecessor, PA 4, both commonly referred to as the Ynez Wilson Hirst, Saint Mary's College Emergency Manager (EM) Law— and its impact on the Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos democratic process in three affected cities: Hamtramck, Pontiac and Detroit. A detailed case study of these legislative acts and 060. Instructional Methods Centered on Student Voices and Experiences Teaching Sociology racism and patriarchy. This paper examines what our students Paper Session can teach us through the use of theater as a form of public 10:15 to 11:45 am pedagogy. In this production, students demonstrated the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A operation, manifestation, and contestation of systems that link power with difference. By way of operation, students Session Organizer: demonstrate a series of ideological “cloaks” that masquerade and Richelle Swan, CSUSM otherwise facilitate the reproduction of inequality - cloaks such Presider: as “good intentions”, criminalization, the sacred, and pleas of Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento innocence (i.e. “colorblindness”). In terms of manifestation, students demonstrate the variety of ways these systems are Participants: manifest in quotidian life - from micro-aggressions to outright Faculty-led study abroad: Reflections on students’ cross- verbal conflicts. Finally, this paper examines how students model cultural engagement Yvonne M Luna, Northern Arizona the contestation of these systems, by reclaiming their bodies, University; Anne M. Medill, Northern Arizona University desires, and futures. During the previous five summers, we have led five study abroad 061. Applying Research beyond the Academy programs in Spain (four programs) and Costa Rica (one program) Member and Committee Organized Sessions with a total of 50 undergraduate students. Students in these Panel discussion programs successfully completed sociology and social work courses. As experienced study abroad faculty, our interactions 10:15 to 11:45 am with students, assessments in our classes, and our reflections Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B thereof reveal their difficulties with and our strategies for Session Organizer: effective cross-cultural engagement. This pedagogical format is Sarah Thebaud, University of California, Santa Barbara multidimensional. Students are immersed in the everyday Presider: lifestyle of a foreign culture, participate in coordinated group cultural excursions, and are required to engage in the traditional Sarah Thebaud, University of California, Santa Barbara classroom environment. These strategies prove effective for Participants: helping students negotiate new and different cultures and Using Your Research to Engage in the Policy or Legal enhance their self-awareness as global citizens. Conversation: Tips for Writing Policy Briefs and Being an Storytelling as a High Impact Learning Practice: Nurturing the Expert Witness Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department, First Gen Working Class Sociological Imagination Ann University of Houston Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus Translating and Disseminating Scholarly Research through The Great Central Valley of California is home to numerous OpEds and Blogs Lindsey Trimble O'Connor, CSU Channel cultures, the intersections of which increasingly impact and Islands (re)define the dynamic of the region. California State University, Stanislaus serves a diverse student population, and as such, has Public Sociology and Creative Non-Fiction: A Tenable received grants to explore and implement a variety of high Working Relationship? Shelley Pacholok, The University of impact practices, including the one used as the basis for this British Columbia Okanagan study. The typical sociology major is a first-generation working- Public Sociology in Marginalized Communities Victor Rios, class Latina who works and has significant familial care duties. University of California, Santa Barbara It is this person whom I have come to understand gains significant value from storytelling, a high impact learning 062. Higher Education: Graduate Students' Negotiating practice. This discussion will center around my upper division Transitions and Statuses core required course, Social Inequalities, where students are Education—Higher Education encouraged to explore their lives and their communities through Research-in-progress session a variety of standpoints – linking social expectation and 10:15 to 11:45 am structural disparities to self-actualization. They delve into their Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C individual and shared histories and experiences. Using their sociological imaginations, they examine their communities, Session Organizer: reflect on their lives, and then share that knowledge with others Megan Thiele, SJSU through the autoethnographies they write and present to the class. Presider: This high-impact practice nurtures intellectual and personal Peter Collier, Portland State University growth and provides tools for the development of Bourdieusian capitals in underserved and marginalized students. Participants: What are Our Students Teaching Us? Reflections on Theatre as Assessing the Effects of Racial Climates on Mental Health a Pedagogy to Facilitate “Conversations that Matter” Cesar Among Black Women in Doctoral Programs Karina Rodriguez, California State University San Marcos Havrilla, University of Maryland, College Park Ostensibly a democratic country, conversations that matter are Pursuing a doctorate degree in any given field is challenging. left wanting within US society. Students in higher education may Students are faced with pressures of the graduation “time clock,” appear uninformed and/or unwilling to discuss certain issues. financial constraints (e.g. lack of graduate assistantships and Mainstream media coverage of key issues is partial. Furthermore, student loans), and establishing a strong teaching portfolio or academics and public figures face blowback for their public research record necessary for the job market. Graduate students stances on controversial issues. Yet, while conversations on of color are dealing with the added issues of negative racial controversial issues - such as misogyny, nationalism, and climates, microaggressions, and lack of support from faculty and racialization–cum-criminalization - are avoided, they require peers. These pressures can have detrimental affects on the serious consideration as they reproduce inequality. In such a mental health of graduate students of color, and ultimately can context, CSUSM Theatre Professor Marcos Martinez and six impact retention of these students. Mental health research on students created a student production, titled “Risking Our graduate students is under researched. Much of the literature on Forbidden Narratives”. A collectively produced performance, graduate students and mental health focuses on the effects on students used their creative license to produce their own skits in international students (see Hyun, Quinn, Madon, & Lustig, 2007; which they break taboos, discuss, and take stances on Hyun, Quinn, Madon, & Lustig, 2006), undergraduate students controversial issues ranging from sexuality and intimacy to (see Eisenberg, Downs, Golberstein, & Zivin, 2009; Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner, 2007) and around access to Even after graduate program acceptance, students’ lack of mental health services for faculty and students of color in higher differentiated role mastery may lead to graduate school problems. education settings (see Waitzkin, Yager, Parker, & Duran, 2006). To illustrate this model and how it can be used to understand Additionally, the mental health of graduate students is receiving differences in college student success we use examples from an attention in mainstream educational outlets (e.g. The Chronicle interview study of McNair students’ transitions into and within of Higher Education and Inside Higher Ed). However, the graduate school. academic literature does not assess how higher education Graduating From the Classroom to the Classified Ads: How institutions, as social structures, affect individual mental health College Grads Find Their Jobs Valerie Adrian, Washington outcomes. This paper will use Critical Race Theory to assess how racial climates of graduate physics programs affects the mental State University health of Black women pursuing doctoral degrees in physics. Researchers know that social networks are effective and beneficial for job seekers (Granovetter 1995, Mardsen and International Student Status and Post Graduate Success Karin Gorman 2001, Royster 2003). However, many college graduates A. Johnson, University of California, Riverside may have difficulty finding a network contact to vouch for them This pilot study proposes to examine the trajectory and relative since college graduates tend to have minimal job experience, and success of international graduate students after graduating and people cultivate network contacts at their jobs (Granovetter entering the global labor force. In cooperation with the 1995). Working-class students are more likely to turn to the less University of California, Riverside, the study will use secondary effective, more formal job seeking strategies such as their demographic data analysis from the International Student school’s career center and career fairs (Smith 2005, Royster Resource Center, Grad Division, and the Career Center. 2003, Rivera 2012). Meanwhile, middle-class students may have Negotiating Inclusion: Women of color’s resistance strategies in better luck with the more effective informal networks, such as doctoral education Kelly Marie Ward, University of professor referrals and parents’ contacts. In this presentation, I California Irvine will present preliminary findings from a survey of recent college graduates, as well as findings from interviews of parents who This study explores the range of strategies women of color use as have children who have recently graduated from college. My they are socialized into academia. Previous research has findings will explore how recent college graduates are getting identified the institutional and societal barriers women and career-track jobs; what networks they are using, whether their people of color face as they navigate the educational pipeline to parents are helping with the job search, and how student doctoral education, and their challenges with doctoral strategies differ by social class. I will also explain the roles and socialization. However, there is little sociological research that motivations parents have in the graduates’ job search. documents the range of strategies, including patterns of resistance these students employ in response to barriers. 063. Experiencing Illness and Trauma Traditional socialization frameworks describing the process of Medical Sociology and Health becoming a professor may fail to capture the complexity of what Formal research session marginalized groups experience as they become professors. This 10:15 to 11:45 am may be particularly true for women of color who in addition to Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A navigating the challenging process of becoming a scholar must also negotiate inclusion into institutional settings controlled by a Session Organizer: culture dominated by white and masculine perspectives. Theories Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University of resistance originally applied to compulsory education and Presider: legal authority may be useful in examining how these students Janet L Armentor, California State University, Bakerfield interact with institutions as they become professors. Specifically, acts of "everyday resistance" (Ewick & Silbey, 2003) may be a Participants: useful analytical tool for better understanding women of color's Living with a Stigmatized Illness: Experiences of Managing strategies. Preliminary findings suggest that the strategies women Relationships among Women with Fibromyalgia Janet L of color employ are highly contextual. Armentor, California State University, Bakerfield The Alphabet of Role Mastery: Examples from a Study of This article focuses on understanding the negotiation of McNair Scholars’ transitions to graduate school Cristina relationships among women living with the chronic illness Restad, Portland State University; Peter Collier, Portland Fibromyalgia. The illness is seen as contested and invisible since State University a diagnosis is based on criteria rather than objective measures and symptoms are not readily visible to others. Twenty in-depth, Role mastery is a multi-dimensional concept involving more semi-structured interviews were conducted with women complete knowledge of the steps in successful role enactment diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Following the approach of (i.e. breadth), increased sophistication of knowledge about grounded theory, interviews were conducted with minimal specific role enactment elements (i.e. depth), and increased theoretical guidance and focused on individuals’ experiences knowledge that different versions of the same role exist (i.e. with doctors and other medical practitioners, family members, differentiated role mastery). This paper introduces the alphabet friends, employers and coworkers. More specifically, the model as a three dimensional conceptualization of how role interviews explored the beneficial and troublesome aspects of mastery develops. The 26 letters of the alphabet capture the their relationships and sources of support. The analysis breadth of role knowledge. Differences in depth and emphasized participants’ approaches to communicating with sophistication of role knowledge are represented by between one others about their illness, the reactions of others to their illness to three “X’s” assigned to each letter in the alphabet. experiences, and their approaches to managing stigma. Findings Differentiated role mastery is captured by the use of upper and indicate that living with Fibromyalgia made it difficult for lower case alphabets. Higher levels of role mastery have been participants to maintain their pre-illness social relationships and associated with greater chances of successfully recognizing and social roles. Participants attempted to describe their illness responding to professors’ expectations and subsequent academic experience to others through direct and educational approaches. success. As undergraduates approach graduation, they possess a Often, in the management of their relationships with close family breadth of student role mastery because they’ll have completed and friends, there was an unspoken awareness of the illness all/ most of the steps in the undergraduate alphabet. But just effects and social support was offered. However, disbelief and a completing these steps doesn’t necessarily mean students can lack of understanding often led participants to avoid social maximize the outcomes that are possible with complete interactions with others in attempt to hide from the stigma undergraduate role alphabet knowledge. Increased depth and associated with an invisible illness. sophistication of knowledge associated with later UG role alphabet steps are necessary for graduate program acceptance. Rhetoric of Betrayal: Military Sexual Trauma and the Reported Experiences of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation syndrome” and led to the mandatory reporting of suspected cases Iraqi Freedom Women Veterans Sarah Aktepy, Portland of child abuse/neglect. This inspired a longitudinal Adverse State University Childhood Experiences study (ACE) (Anda and Felitti 1995) that examined the long-term, health-related outcomes of abused The primary objective of this pilot study was to understand the children. They found that more than three ACEs increased risks military experiences of OEF/OIF women veterans. Eight women for serious future problems. Other studies have described links veterans described accounts of sexual harassment and sexual between ACEs and later deviant behaviors such as eating assault, also known in the Veteran Health Administration (VHA) disorders, depression, promiscuity, substance abuse, suicidal context as Military Sexual Trauma (MST). The prevalence and actions, and juvenile delinquency. No previous study has dialogue of MST both explicitly and implicitly throughout all the attempted to link adverse childhood experiences with an interviews justified examining MST on its own. As an alternative increased risk of involvement in family violence. The current to tracking new cases of MST, this thesis provides an study explores a possible link between ACEs and involvement in examination of the rhetoric of betrayal and suggests that battering relationships, as well as engaging other deviant objective knowledge of MST does not exist apart from such enterprises such as truancy, bullying, and crime. It is believed social conditions and one’s interpretations of them. Betrayal that persons with high ACE scores may have been primed for emerged as the way in which women veterans understood and attraction to dominant or submissive others, experience violence made meaning of their MST experiences during the claims- in an intimate relationship, and remain in that relationship over making process. Women veterans incorporated strategies to time. Specifically, it was hypothesized that they will report, on manage the sexual harassment and sexual assault they average, more than three adverse childhood experiences. Self- experienced while in the military environment, since reporting reported data was collected on 22 adults (15 males and 7 MST was actively discouraged. Findings from this study suggest females), aged 20 to 49 years, who attended court-mandated that the way we approach and understand MST as a social group counseling sessions under the auspices of a local battered problem needs to be reconsidered and further examined. women’s shelter. Preliminary findings show that this sample had Sexual Minority Identity and Sleep Problems among Adults in mean ACE score of 3.36, with a range of 0 to 9 ACEs. Females the United States Elbert P. Almazan, Central Michigan had higher average ACE scores than males (3.9 and 3.1). This University suggests that adult male perpetrators may be less influenced by Objective: Exposure to stressors can lead to sleep problems. adverse childhood experiences than female victims. Female Considering that sexual minorities experience many stressors victims report more adverse childhood experiences than the because of their sexual orientation, sexual minorities may report general population. Larger numbers of adverse childhood more sleep problems than heterosexuals. In this study, I experiences, may result in other serious forms of criminal examined whether sexual minority identity is associated with behavior. A pattern analysis of the association of specific types sleep problems among young adults in the United States. of childhood trauma with specific kinds of delinquent and Method: I analyzed data from the 2013 National Health Interview criminal activities has yielded additional interesting results. Survey. I used logistic regression models in the analysis. Results: The Effect of Unrestricted Immigration on Crime in Miami, Sexual minority adults reported greater odds for having trouble Marseille, and Dublin Joel Fetzer, Pepperdine University falling sleep, staying asleep during the night, and waking up well Although xenophobic popular rhetoric about “foreign-born rested after sleep compared to heterosexual adults. Conclusions: criminals” abounds, relatively few empirical social scientists Sexual minority identity is associated with sleep problems among have examined what, if any link, actually exists between adults. Future research should identify stressors that place sexual immigration and crime. Those quantitatively oriented minority adults at greater risk for sleep problems than investigators who do look at this question, moreover, typically heterosexual adults. focus on a single country or region and tend to find little or no 064. Crime and Delinquency I overall effect from migration. This paper thus uses cross-national Crime, Law, and Deviance statistics to test the “strain” and “importation” models of Formal research session migration and criminal deviance. To estimate the largest-possible immediate effects of various types of migrants on the level of 10:15 to 11:45 am violent or “serious” crime (i.e., homicide and burglary) in large Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B cities in particular, the essay analyzes official over-time crime Session Organizer: data from three natural experiments: the arrival of the Mariel David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Cubans to Miami, Florida, in 1980; the influx of Pieds-Noirs and Presider: Harkis “repatriates” from Algeria into Marseille, France, in 1962; Anthony Vega, Washington State University and the migration of new European Union citizens from Eastern Europe into Dublin, Ireland, in 2004. Based on elite interviews, Participants: archival materials, and quantitative panel models of police and Desistance From Crime in Adolescence Nick McRee, University census data, the study concludes that the rapid, “uncontrolled” of Portland migration of working- or middle-class refugees or workers does A substantial minority of youths diverge from a general trend seem to have increased burglary rates in all three cities. However, toward increasing delinquency during adolescence. This study the sudden arrival of primarily low-skilled individuals—some of examines data from the National Longitudinal Study of whom had already served prison time in Cuba—appears to have Adolescent Health to identify characteristics associated with boosted the homicide rate in Miami only. Theoretically and significant reductions in delinquent conduct over time. empirically, this investigation helps estimate the upper bounds of the possible crime-related effects of rapid, unrestricted Grievous Angels: A Preliminary Study of the Relationship immigration into an urban area and partly confirms the Between Adverse Childhood Exeriences and Involvement in importation model of homicide and strain theory of burglary. Intimate Violence Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne Though massive immigration does not necessarily cause a large Is there a relationship between adverse childhood experiences rise in all forms of urban crime in the host country, therefore, the and being involved in a battering relationship? Will perpetrators entry of many poor migrants with few economic opportunities and victims of family violence have high numbers of adverse and/or with criminal backgrounds may. childhood experiences? Are they more likely to become When Should Capital Punishment Be In Play? David Musick, involved in these relationships if they have experienced abusive University of Northern Colorado; Kristine G Musick, and traumatic childhoods? These key research questions guided University of Northern Colorado the present study. This study was influenced by a landmark study by Kempe et al. (1962) that identified the “battered-child We explore the interface between philosophical issues related to capital punishment and the reality of murder as it is experienced values” as they relate to protecting the rights of the fetus, and by police, court and corrections personnel. “family values” as they relate to supporting a mother who carries her pregnancy to term, is in large part correlated with one’s 065. California Sociological Association (CSA) Meeting overall views toward gender equality. Based on these findings, Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting both policy recommendations and directions for future research Event are made. 10:15 to 11:45 am From Locked Doors to Locked Screens: Sexting as a Gendered Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A Performance of Sexuality and Privacy Amanda Brand, Session Organizer: Northern Arizona University Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University This in-progress research project explores college students’ 066. Dissertations in Progress: Roundtables conceptions about sexting, privacy, gender, and sexuality. To Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting date, most research on the topic of sexting has focused on the Dissertations-in-Progress morality and/or legality of sexting, sexting behaviors, and attitudes toward sexting, but very little has been done to explore 10:15 to 11:45 am how these behaviors are gendered and reflect deeply-rooted Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A social contracts regarding sex, gender, and privacy. The purpose Session Organizer: of this study is to employ a feminist perspective to explore how Wendy Ng, San Jose State University sexting is defined by college students, how gender and sexuality are performed through sexting, which platforms are involved in 067. Emeritus and Retired Faculty Committee sexting behaviors, and how students perceive of sexting as a Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting private or public activity. To answer these questions, surveys will Committee meeting be distributed to a convenience sample of college students in 10:15 to 11:45 am introductory level classes at Northern Arizona University and Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B will be asked to reflect on their definitions of sexting, their Session Organizer: sexting behaviors, and their expectations and perceptions of privacy. Results will be analyzed to determine if and to what Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University extent gender and sexuality are being performed through sexting, Member: what expectations and perceptions of privacy exist, and if Sharon Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver differences exist along gender lines. Don Barrett, CSU San Marcos Gender Violence Prevention Education: Current Practices and Fumiko Hosokawa, California State University, Dominguez Future Directions Shelley Jan Eriksen, California State Hills University, Long Beach Leonard Gordon, Arizona State University Gender-based violence (GBV) is among the most pressing public Gary Cretser, CSU Pomona health problems facing women and children worldwide. The Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University United Nations estimates that between 20% to 50% of all women have experienced physical violence in intimate or family 068. Gendered Values, Interactions, Expressions, and relationships at some point in their lives. In the U.S., the Performances Department of Justice estimates that 1.5 million women are raped Gender or physically assaulted by an intimate partner each year, making Research-in-progress session gender-based violence a leading criminal justice and public 10:15 to 11:45 am health concern for American law enforcement, public policy Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C advocates and health care practitioners. Yet according to leading theoreticians and practitioners in the field, many GBV Session Organizer: “prevention” programs are actually risk reduction efforts for Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah women and girls that do not address its underlying causes, or the Presider: social systems that produce it. Moreover, the language and logic Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State University of Denver of many current violence prevention programs employ gender- Participants: neutral frameworks that obfuscate the role of gender inequality in the perpetuation of sexual and domestic violence. This paper Are family values gendered? An analysis of public opinion on a reviews the state of program efforts that directly engage men in woman’s right to choose Mikaela Smith, University of gender violence prevention efforts. In particular, it addresses the California, Irvine; Catherine Bolzendahl, University of extent to which these various program efforts are expressly California, Irvine feminist, and/or employ feminist frameworks, versus more According to the literature, religion, politics, and education, gender-neutral efforts growing in popularity in the U.S. and among other factors, play a large role in shaping an individual’s elsewhere. Finally, the paper will highlight some of the issues stance toward abortion. The direction of these relationships is attendant to evaluating the effectiveness of GBV prevention oftentimes not surprising: those who are more religiously programs, using some initial data drawn from one such program, conservative usually respond negatively toward abortion, while the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program currently the liberalizing effect of education is often associated with being implemented in all public schools in Sioux City, Iowa. greater support of a woman’s right to choose. What remains Manifesting Maturity: Collegiate Sexuality and Women's under-explored are the ways in which these driving forces Sexual Options Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado interact with each other. In particular, studies have also shown Boulder that abortion opinion can often serve as a more overt presentation Using 21 interviews with middle class and upwardly mobile of underlying gender norms, which are also associated with level undergraduate students at a state-sponsored university and “party of education, religious conservatism, and political view. In an school” in the Western U.S., this paper investigates students’ attempt to parcel out the more precise mechanisms related to opinions on the party scene and hooking up. Both the party public opinion of abortion, this project uses data from the 2012 scene, and hooking up, are seen as distinctly collegiate and General Social Survey to examine the nature of the relationship “immature” activities that are only acceptable in moderation, between opinion on abortion and opinion on family support especially as students near their senior years in college. Through services. While this project is still in its preliminary stages, it conceptualizing themselves as responsible students who do not appears that the observed disconnect between support for “family party recklessly, these students begin comprehending themselves as the responsible adults they expect to be shortly. “Hooking up” Formal research session is framed by the students as inauthentic and uninformed. Mature 10:15 to 11:45 am sexuality is framed as monogamous, emotionally attached, and Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D sexually exclusive, and anything else is framed as immature or the practices of those who are “insecure” and wanting attention. Session Organizer: Those who choose to hook up, especially women, are seen as still Tracy DeHaan, San Jose State University having some growing up to do. Instead of allowing women more Presider: sexual freedom, these opinions box women into choosing either Andreea Nica, Portland State University sexual monogamy in relationships, relationships without sex, or Participants: no sex at all, if they wish to manifest maturity. The students themselves are describing the alternative sexual and relational Reporting Sex Work in Sin City: Depictions of Prostitution in forms of their peers as ultimately unfulfilling, leaving little room the Las Vegas News Media Jennifer Whitmer, Department of for innovative forms to be considered “mature.” While these Sociology; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Barb Brents, stories are often rooted in gendered inequality concerns, they Department of Sociology; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; serve to perpetuate inequality. These stories also have Brittney Ballesteros, Department of Sociology; University of implications for gender in that women and women’s sexuality in Nevada, Las Vegas hooking up are most often cited as examples of “immature” sexual conduct. Much has been made of the sexualization of late capitalist culture and the prevalence of more liberalized attitudes about gender, Policing the body: Gendered interactions among Asian Indian sexual behaviors and sexual diversity, but little research has graduate international students in Southern California Kunj looked at whether or how ideologies around individual choice Bhatt, CSUF have influenced the way we frame prostitution. Previous research In this presentation I will examine gendered interactions within examining discourses of prostitution in the media has found that the Asian Indian international student sojourner community and certain frames tend to dominate: prostitutes as criminals, the tensions that emerge within. Referencing two of the thirteen exploited victims, public nuisances, vectors of disease, and in-depth qualitative interviews conducted for my Master’s thesis, victims of poverty. In much of the United States, prostitution is I note the existence of community policing of the immigrant illegal, meaning media portrayals reflect legal framings. female body and identity as it forms its transnational diasporic However, in the United States, prostitution is legal in several persona. I discuss the role of Westernization in the creation of the rural counties in Nevada. Often touted as the symbolic center of culturally relevant term of being a “modern” female Indian the sex industry, Las Vegas, Nevada has no legal prostitution, yet immigrant student and the power the term holds. Overall, I find it is a major tourist destination that has successfully branded its that female students face opposition from patriarchal, cultural, tourist industry around sexuality and vice. In this paper, we and religious ideologies that transcend geographical boundaries. examine how the existence of legal prostitution and a sexualized “Midwives Do It Anywhere:” Capabilities and Limitations in leisure industry impacts the conversation around prostitution. This research is based on a qualitative content analysis of 100 Disaster Response Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of articles sampled from the two major newspapers in Las Vegas, Colorado Boulder NV, the Las Vegas Review Journal and the Las Vegas Sun, from When a natural disaster disrupts a community, the special needs 2004-2013. We examine discourses surrounding sex work in of pregnant women, new mothers, and their infants are easily Las Vegas and how legal changes may impact these discourses. overlooked as the initial medical relief efforts concentrate on Social Processes in Gay Social Media Apps William Wagner, emergency care. But these populations already face unique health vulnerabilities, as evident in U.S. infant and maternal mortality California State University, Channel Islands; Vincent rates. And while recent disaster research has focused on the Torres, California State University, Northridge strengths and needs of local woman, little research has explored This study represents the second phase an analysis of gay social the capacity of homebirth midwives during times of crisis. Yet media apps that employ geolocation technology. These homebirths may be necessary or even preferred in a disaster particular mobile applications are used primarily by gay men setting due to mobility restrictions, loss of electricity, or strained (and MSMs). They are used, specifically, for many purposes, resources within hospitals. Through the narratives of midwives I including but not limited to: dating, finding sex, making friends, examine an overlooked health provider that could offer lifesaving exclusively online chat, as well as various combinations of the care to their community during a disaster. My preliminary previous options. These apps have become so pervasive in the findings indicate that homebirth midwives use a model of care gay community that this social space has emerged as one of the that translates well into disaster settings, particularly a model that (if not the) dominant community space/s through which gay men promotes autonomous work and the limited use of technology. interact, or at least begin to interact, with each other in However, midwives still face many institutional hurdles to contemporary society. They have altered the manner in which disaster response, such as a lack of educational standards across gay men come out of the closet (or not) at different social levels. their profession and many states still bar their practice. This study explores the nature of this relatively new social space, “Queer Parenting: Non-Traditional Parenting Styles” Jodi M as well as some of the benefits and challenges it imposes on the community who uses it. Dunn, Idaho State University Over the years we have tried to understand gender variances in a Content Analysis of MILF Pornography Anne Elizabeth variety of ways such as gender wage gaps, human capital, Carroll, University of Colorado Denver workplace experiences, and workplace discrimination. In Despite the great amount of public opinion on hardcore attempting to understand the gender variances among men and pornography, there is little research on which genres of women can be very difficult due to our socialization, but taking a pornography heterosexual males are viewing. This study gathers look at it through a different lens can provide insight. This information on the most popular genres of pornography and from document uses parenting styles with children between the ages of this information, is pursuing a content analysis of MILF (Mom three and eleven. To look at gender variances with in early I’d Like to Fuck) pornography. This analysis is looking at the socialization can provide further detailed information. The themes within this genre that are deviant from the tenants of knowledge this document is providing us can assist in creating hegemonic masculinity with which American heterosexual men gender equality through the use of non-traditional parenting are expected to align. To this end, data are being collected from styles. the most visited free hardcore pornography website, xHamster.com. Currently data analysis is in progress. 069. Sexuality and Media Sexualities Older Johns: Male Prostitution Clients Over Sixty Who Seek Women Providers Online Martin Monto, University of which manifests most clearly in settler colonial movements’ Portland; Christine Milrod, Independent Researcher raison d'être – state building. This analysis seeks to unravel some Though recent research has provided increased information about crucial dynamics of this under-theorized subtype of ethnic the clients of prostitutes, little has captured the hard-to-reach, conflict and state formation. highly-active “hobbyists” who seek sexual services online, The Role Of Iranian Women In The Green Social Movement Of particularly those who are older and more experienced. Two- 2009: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of YouTube Videos hundred-eight clients over 60 years of age, contacted through Elahe Nezhadhossein, Sociology PhD Student at Memorial prostitute-review and discussion websites, completed a 129-item University of New foundland questionnaire on their health, their sexual and non-sexual The Iranian Green Social Movement, sprung up protesting the behaviors with providers, the qualities that they sought in results of the election giving Ahmadinejad a second presidency providers, and how they negotiate their participation in an illegal term in June 2009. With Ahmadinejad reelection, the government and socially denigrated activity. Respondents were cracked down on ordinary citizens, they began to document the overwhelmingly White (96.6%), with most (60.1%) between 60 Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009 by posting the images and 63 years of age. About 82.6% reported having a bachelor’s and videos that they took with their cellphones and uploading on or higher degree. Most (68.3%) were married, often to spouses websites like YouTube and Facebook. In this case study of the with different levels of sexual desire or physical problems that Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009, I considered and prevented sex. More than half reported having visited providers analyzed this movement as New Social Movements (NSM) and between 13 and 24 times (33.2%) or more (23.6%) during the drew on theories of social movements and critical feminism to past 12 months, with age positively correlated with frequency of understand how Iranian women were active in the protests of the paid sex. Their most frequent sexual activities with providers Green Social Movement of 2009. The data used for this study were fellatio without a condom (33.3%) and penile-vaginal sex was a group of selected YouTube videos of the Green Social with a condom (31.7%). Most rated their likelihood of Movement of 2009. Using content analysis as a methodology, I contracting HIV as low (77.4%) or none (18.8%). Constellations have analyzed the data by doing a coding and thematic analysis. of other responses regarding their preferences and sexual and This process was guided by the researcher’s positionalities and non-sexual activities with providers indicated many were seeking by three main tenets of social movements’ theories, 1) collective a “GFE,” or girlfriend experience, in which aspects of behavior, 2) resource mobilization and 3) political opportunity. conventional non-remunerative relationships were mirrored in Drawing on critical feminism theories this study offer insights on their paid sexual exchanges. Findings move beyond the how Iranian women negotiate and critique gender politics in a caricatures of customers that often appear in contemporary patriarchal driven regime and society. During the Green Social dialogues about prostitution. Movement 2009, Iranian women were demanding gender 070. Political Sociology: State Building and Revolution in the equality and fighting against the ideological Islamist government Middle East of Iran. Iranian women were actively fighting for their rights, in Politics and the State (Political Sociology) spite of all the restrictions and oppressions from the Iranian Formal research session regime. 10:15 to 11:45 am 071. Women and migration Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E Migration/Immigration Session Organizer: Formal research session Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay 10:15 to 11:45 am Participants: Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Ethnic Expulsion and Settler Colonial State Building: Session Organizer: Palestine's al-Nakba Tyson Patros, University of California, Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University Irvine; Christoffer James Petersen Zoeller, University of Presider: California-Irvine Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Palestine’s al-Nakba (the catastrophe) provides unique insight Participants: into ethnic conflict and state formation in a settler colonial Gender Relations in Transnational Migration: Examining situation. Between late 1947 and early 1949, Zionist ‘state-in- Chinese Immigrant Women in Canada Guida C Man, York the-making’ organizations expelled or forced into flight the University majority of indigenous Palestinian Arabs, expropriating much of their property, in interrelated processes of ethnic expulsion and This paper is based on empirical data from two research studies. state formation. The organizations belonged to a recent settler It examines the transnational migration experience of highly immigrant movement pursuing an ethnically exclusivist state and educated Chinese immigrant women who were professionals in society. Case analysis highlights the importance of weaving their home country. It explores how these women’s gender literatures on ethnic mobilization and state formation into a relations, household work and paid work have been transformed ‘settler colonial framework.’ Settler colonial situations comprise in the new country, and analyzes how the immigrant women ethnic divisions inscribed in the basic social structures of power maintain their families by mobilizing transnational strategies and stratification, and ethnic expulsion stems from the settler across national borders to accommodate their productive and colonial movement’s aim to found a new state and society over reproductive activities. Using a feminist research methodology, and above the indigenous population – and their resistance – in the paper elucidates how transnational migration is mediated by the target territory. However, major work posits interethnic structural processes such as immigration policies, labour market conflict as triggered by an exogenous national-level political conditions, employment practices; and gender, race, class shock to local, multiethnic communities. Local institutions relations; as well as individual immigrant’s agency. The myriad purportedly mediate this macrolevel stimulus and produce transnational strategies mobilized by Chinese immigrant women varying levels of interethnic violence in localities. Ethnic in maintaining their families are presented. communal violence may often result from political forces Reframing Cultural Citizenship: Inclusion through paid work exogenous to multiethnic communities. In settler colonial for Haitian women in the U.S. Nikita Carney, UC Santa situations, however, prioritizing an exogenous factor obfuscates Barbara more than it clarifies. Ethnic cleavages and latent conflict This paper investigates the ways in which cultural citizenship animate basic social structural arrangements. The racialized intersects with gender, migration, and work in the lived divide between indigenous people and settler colonists marks experiences of middle-class Haitian women in the United States political-material struggles, defining settler colonial situations, to argue for a reframing of cultural citizenship that includes paid accept the borders in countries. In general, Turkish women who work as a site of cultural inclusion. Grounding my research in immigrate to another country are considered themselves as guests interviews conducted with Haitian women in the Boston area, I and meantime, they try to capture the culture of the country with situate my analysis in relation to existing theory on migration, their own traditions, beliefs and values instead of adapting them. gender and employment, and cultural citizenship. Existing These are all from social and cultural discourse analysis. To literature provides a basis for analyzing the experiences of understand the economic results of the immigration, it is better to Haitian women in the diaspora. Simultaneously, the interviews look at the macroeconomic determinants of the countries. There work to extend the relationship between gender, migration, labor, are many variables to look over in empirical analysis like wages, and cultural citizenship. The narratives of the Haitian women unemployment (both short-term and long-term), GDP per capita, with whom I spoke emphasize the fact that paid employment migration cost, the demand elasticity of migration as well as outside the home plays a central role in the process of finding a consumption. By examining these factors will provide significant place in their new society. Work offered many of these women and realistic results comparing the pre and post immigration. In resources and autonomy that enabled them to provide for this research, immigration will be examined from two themselves and their families. At the same time, employment perspectives: (1) from social and cultural level (2) economic situated these women within the discourse of the nation. The level. The result of the study will show how immigration will women I interviewed offered invaluable insights into processes affect countries’ economies and try to analyze whether the of belonging and inclusion as related to employment, shedding migration cost will affect positively or negatively the indigenous light on the ways in which certain groups come to be included, or people’ lifestyle. On the other hand, governmental policies excluded. The experiences of these women speak to larger towards migration will be discussed in terms of their conversations regarding transmigration and national identity. effectiveness and competency. Reframing cultural citizenship to include the importance of paid Discussant: labor allows for a fuller understanding of these processes of Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas belonging and inclusion with regards to race, gender, class, and the nation. 072. Committee on Freedom in Research and Teaching The Road Less Traveled: Women's Migration to Russia Erin Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Trouth Hofmann, Utah State University Committee meeting Following the collapse of the USSR, Russia has become a major 12:00 to 1:30 pm destination for migration from other former Soviet states. While Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor A there is little data on migration into Russia, both official and Session Organizer: unofficial estimates agree that the majority of immigrants to Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Russia are men. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of women’s migration to Russia: who are the women who travel to Member: Russia, and what are their experiences in a male-dominated Michelle Robertson, St. Edward's University migration context? Research on immigration to the United States Regina Davis-Sowers, Santa Clara University and Europe indicates that, in their early years, migrant streams Mark Cohan, Seattle University are often male-dominated, with women and children coming later Lori Cramer, Oregon State University as tied migrants. Based on analysis of several surveys, including Robert Palacio, California State University, Fresno a survey of labor migrants in three Russian cities, and national Jennifer Whitmer, Department of Sociology; University of household surveys from the migrant-sending countries of Nevada, Las Vegas Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine, I find that Russia does not fit this pattern. Migration into Russia during the 1990s was 073. Committee on Practicing, Applied, and Clinical Sociology dominated by highly educated migrants with strong ties to Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Russia, many of whom were women. Migration since 2000 Committee meeting follows more typical patterns of labor migration and is dominated 12:00 to 1:30 pm by men, but these recent male-dominated flows are built upon Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor B earlier social networks that were often established by women. Despite the importance of female migration networks, female Session Organizer: migrants in Russia are less integrated into local labor markets Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University and less likely to report increases in human capital than are their Member: male counterparts. In the final paper, I will expand this analysis Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department, University of Houston by comparing female migration to Russia from different origin Sarah Thebaud, University of California, Santa Barbara countries and at different periods of time. David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Success or Collapse: Women’s Labor Migration from Turkey to Berna Torr, California State University Fullerton USA Meltem Ince Yenilmez, UC Berkeley James Lee, San Jose State University Hannah Arendt (2007)1 specifies in her essay “We Refugees” Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach that “refugees are scattered from one place to another and they become precursor of their citizens only if they keep their identity. 074. Committee on Race and Ethnic Minorities International migration within countries is not a new Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting phenomenon, but its form, restrictions, gains, profile of migrants Committee meeting and composition of migration have changed. To understand the 12:00 to 1:30 pm context better from Tukish point of view, the composition may Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor C be divided into three gropus. The first one is the European norms which is very legal and attractive to Turkish migrants compared Session Organizer: to other countries. The Islamic norms become very popular in the Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University last three years and the form of migration is reconstructed Member: regarding to Islamic rules. The last one is the Nomadic norms, Brianne A Dávila, California State Polytechnic University, which is very well known and epitomized case. It is generally Pomona very popular in illegal migrations across countries. So the Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University combination of these three issues shows that immigration is accepted as a normal case inside and outside the country where Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana the nature of attitudes towards immigration among people do not Sergio Romero, Boise State University Garry Rolison, CSU, San Marcos Ethel Nicdao, University of the Pacific Participants: Alicia Bonaparte, Pitzer College Urban High School Students Engaging in Critical, Sociological Jennifer Nazareno, University of California, San Francisco Analysis: The Mediation of Sociological Thinking via a 075. Demonstration: Creating an E-Textbook for Global Close, Critical Engagement with Sociological Texts Miguel Sociology Zavala, California State University, Fullerton Teaching Sociology Human Rights Pedagogy in the Elementary School Classroom Workshop or demonstration session Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell; Rebecca 12:00 to 1:30 pm Ducharme, University of Washington Bothell Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific 078. Alternative Employment Opportunities for Undergraduate Session Organizer: and Graduate Sociology Majors I David Hyde, South Puget Sound CC Member and Committee Organized Sessions Presider: Panel discussion Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College 12:00 to 1:30 pm Participant: Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C Authoring and Using an Open Source eTextbook for Global Session Organizer: Sociology David Hyde, South Puget Sound CC Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University This presentation provides a brief demonstration on creating, Presider: publishing, and using an electronic textbook for sociology Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University courses. During the 2013-2014 academic year, I used a 1-year Participants: sabbatical to create an eTextbook for an introductory sociology course on globalization. The text was created using iBooks Traffic Safety as an Applied Sociological Field of Study: Its Author; original writing; and open source, public domain, and Promise and Failures Steven A. Bloch, Automobile Club of creative commons resources available online. eTextbooks offer America advantages of interactivity, updatability, course specificity, and The Sociological Toolbox of Skills: Is Vocational affordability. The text is available online for free! This Rehabilitation a Career for You? Paulette K. Freeman, presentation will address the process of creating and publishing International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals; an open source eTextbook as well as the implications of using it in the classroom. Resolutions! Inc. Alternative Careers for Sociology Majors: The Latest 076. Studying Minority PhD Career Trajectories in Sociology Information from the American Sociological Association and Economics Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University Professional Development Workshop or demonstration session 079. Social Factors, Health, and Wellbeing 12:00 to 1:30 pm Medical Sociology and Health Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A Formal research session Session Organizer: 12:00 to 1:30 pm Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Presider: Session Organizer: Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University Participant: Presider: Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University Studying Minority PhD Career Trajectories in Sociology and Economics Jean Shin, American Sociological Association Participants: This professional development workshop is focused on studying Driven to Distraction: Is Distracted Driving Just Part of PhD career trajectories for under-represented racial/ethnic Distracted Living? Roberta G Lessor, Chapman University; minority (URM) scholars in sociology and economics. Based on Sarina Karwande, Chapman University; Ashley Nieto, a current grant project housed at the American Sociological Chapman University; Lauren Rhodes, Chapman University Association and funded by the National Science Foundation, the The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report that distracted workshop leaders will solicit feedback about the ways to conduct driving is a “problem on the rise” with increasing numbers of unobtrusive data collection on career trajectories. They will also injuries and deaths each year. For persons between the ages of discuss an upcoming online survey of URM PhD scholars and 15-24, automobile accidents are the leading cause of mortality, the types of questions that should be asked about the role of and many of these fatalities are due to distracted driving (CDC mentoring and networks in departments. By learning about this 2013). A significant distraction is “texting” with a handheld research and engaging in discussion on the theoretical and device, either reading or typing messages. Despite the known methodological questions at play, participants can take away risks, texting while driving is common among college students ideas on conducting their own work in the study of the higher and public service announcements have been aimed at reducing education pipeline. the practice. We proposed that the problem of texting and 077. Teaching Sociology in Non-Traditional Settings: Penal driving can better be viewed in the context of “distracted living.” Institutions, Secondary Education, and Other Spaces We conducted a preliminary survey study of 227 students in five Southern California public and private universities where 69% Member and Committee Organized Sessions agreed with texting and driving being illegal, and a greater Formal research session number reported being uncomfortable riding with a texting 12:00 to 1:30 pm driver. Despite the acknowledged dangers, 73% reported that Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B they regularly text and drive. Those who text and drive also Session Organizer: report texting more frequently while engaged in other activities Terressa Benz, University of Idaho such as studying. Students believe that their lifestyle requires them to juggle multiple tasks, supporting our notion that texting Presider: and driving can be best understood in a social context. The study Terressa Benz, University of Idaho is ongoing and during the fall of 2014 we are conducting focus Formal research session groups to identify the array of on-line activities used by 18 to 24 12:00 to 1:30 pm year olds whether behind the wheel or in other waking hours. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B Focus group discussion is aimed at discovering not only type and amount of communication used, but also the meaning to the Session Organizer: participants. The focus groups will be followed by a second on- Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University line survey questionnaire. Better understanding of “distracted Presider: living” may aid policy makers and health educators in developing Shweta Adur, California State University Fullerton comprehensive programs that increase awareness and lead to Participants: more desirable health statistics. The role of neighborhood environment in health behavior: Hollywood’s Commodification of Race Nancy Wang Yuen, Youth e-cigarette use in Orange County, CA Georgiana Biola University Bostean, Chapman University Reinventing Racism: Racist Discourse in Social Media Uriel The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), a nicotine delivery Serrano, California State University, Los Angeles device, is increasing rapidly, especially among youth. In Orange Social network sites have become a powerful source of social County, CA, where there are scant e-cigarette or tobacco change, having a major impact on humanity. However, despite regulations, one-third of 11th grade students have tried e- the power social networks have, not much attention has been cigarettes. Studies of conventional cigarettes find that youth are given to the emerging forms of racism on social media. Using a more likely to experiment with or start smoking in areas with historic lens, and drawing from critical race theory, the focus of greater tobacco retailer density and closer proximity to schools, this study is racism via social media, and the concept of cyber- and when point-of-sale promotions (such as display walls) are racism as a form of microaggression. This study presents the present; however, it is unclear whether these issues matter for findings of over 200 posts that contain race-related content, but this emerging behavior, e-cigarette use. This study draws on the most importantly race-related hash-tags, to addresses why racism social determinants of health theoretical perspective to examine in social networks goes unchallenged and reinforced. Lastly, this how aspects of neighborhood environment, such as density of e- study also focuses on who the perpetrators of this emerging form cigarette retailers and proximity to schools, are associated with of racism are. Utilizing the popular social networking site, youth e-cigarette use, and whether these patterns vary by policy Twitter and specific hashtags, I argue that racism is being context. We combine individual-level data on youth e-cigarette reconstructed due to the lack of a physical victim. The popular use from the California Healthy Kids Survey, with e-cigarette use of hashtags, and the visibility of posts on twitter, are retailer data which we are currently collecting using tobacco redefining how social network users experience and understand licenses, online listings, and field data collection (neighborhood racism. Given that many view social networks as an extension of canvassing and retailer observations). The sample will include social networking, the racism displayed is given no attention, Santa Ana (one of the few cities that require tobacco/e-cigarette mostly going unchallenged. The findings in this paper are vital retail license) and Costa Mesa (which has no e-cigarette due to the fact that technology is thought to make lives easier, but regulation). The geospatial data will be analyzed in ArcMap 10.1 as seen in this paper, it is also easily perpetuating racism. It to assess density and proximity to schools. Finally, we will use highlights the transformation of racism to nothing similar to what multi-level regression analyses to examine neighborhood-level has been experienced through out history, and how social predictors of individual-level youth e-cigarette use, controlling networking sites are furthering racist agendas. for individual confounders. In doing so, this study will be among “Supposedly, A Coyote Won’t Even Eat A Mexican”: the first to examine neighborhood characteristics and youth e- Stereotypical Representations of Latinos in Hollywood cigarette use in California. Movies Sneha Dutta, California State University, Stanislaus Online social networks usage in HIV patients Atefeh Aghaei, Hollywood movies are a means of celebrating and establishing Tehran university; Mohsen Khalilimeybodi, Tehran whiteness and privileges in the color blind era. It has been argued university that in an era where most Americans aspire for racial justice, the Background: Stigma can lead to discrimination, violence, moral beginning of true racial justice seems to be an illusion in the panic, and loss of civil rights. AIDS is one of the stigmatized United States. However, whiteness cannot be attributed to just diseases. Stigma may lead people to hide their condition and the legitimatization of power and privileges. The power of disease. Trying to hide the disease can affect their social whiteness and white dominance assumes a universal and relationships and ultimately lead to their social isolation. Online invisible dimension which is apparent in the Unites States media social networks can help by providing them social space to get culture. Media culture provides the materials for establishing the away from the stigma of their disease. In Iran, the use of online apartheid mind-set that leads people to believe that whiteness is social networks is common. The aim of this study is investigating the legitimate power. Films are visual representations of every the ways through which these patients use these online social day discourse, of images and types that can be called race. In this networks like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, blogs, etc. paper, I investigate the two Hollywood films, “The Three Burials Methodology: To do this research, the posts that these patients of Melquiades Estrada” (2005) and “No Country for Old Men” have sent on their personal pages were analyzed to study and (2007). I examine the images of the white saviors, and the specify their use of these virtual spaces and their relationships stereotypical images of Latinos such as el bandido, the dynamics with others in these spaces as well. Therefore, personal pages and of the white and Latino friendships, and the discourse of blogs of 20 patients who accepted to participate in this research patriarchy. I argue that in the era of color blind racism, the films were studied over a period of a month by the researcher. are successful not only facilitating and perpetuating whiteness Qualitative content analysis research method was used in and white dominance but also constructing stereotypical images this study. The study was conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran. about the racial others in the light of the dominant discourse. Conclusions: Content analysis of the produced texts by these 081. CSU Department Chairs Meeting patients showed that they used cyber space to chat, to get health Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting information, and to build a virtual personality. Therefore, we can conclude that these online social networks can help them in Event establishing social relationships. It shows the potential of virtual 12:00 to 1:30 pm environments to assist the patients in returning to society and Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A eliminate feelings of isolation and exclusion among them. Session Organizer: 080. Race, Stereotypes and Social Media Wendy Ng, San Jose State University Race/Ethnicity 082. Undergraduate Roundtables I: Race and Ethnicity; Gender; Gender Resistance in The Bathroom Amanda Martin, Long Environmental Sociology; Social Psychology, Identity, and Beach State University Emotions; Marriage, Family, and Reproduction Discussant: 12:00 to 1:30 pm Sharon Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A 082-4. Marriage, Family, and Reproduction 082-1. Race and Ethnicity Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Submissions Submissions Roundtable presentation session Roundtable presentation session Session Organizer: Session Organizer: Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Participants: Participants: Dangerous Love: "Positive" Eugenics, Mass Media, and the Black Women’s Experiences in Higher Education Tamaiah Scientific Woman, 1900–1945 Natalie Oveyssi, UC Berkeley Thompson, Sonoma State University Exploring Perceptions of Family among American-raised Can you hear me? Do you care?: Sexual assault as a form of Korean Adoptees Rumika Suzuki, University of Portland socially controlling Black women Desiree Greenhouse, Discussant: Chapman University Nicole Willms, Gonzaga University Ethnic Studies Ban in Arizona Marisela Garcia, UC Berkeley 082-5. Environmental Sociology Discussant: Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Mary Kelsey, UC Berkeley Submissions 082-2. Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions Roundtable presentation session Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Session Organizer: Submissions Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Roundtable presentation session Participants: Session Organizer: "How’s the Soil?”: Talking about Environmental Risk from Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Wheat Field to Vineyard Alberto Santos-Davidson, Whitman Participants: College "I am not like them":Teen moms identity work and deviance Analyzing Community Participation and Access to SB:535 disavowal Amy Lynn Mckelvey, Chapman University Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Kimberly Gibson, How do Professional Cuddlers use emotion work to mask the California State University, Long Beach rationalization and commodification of the experience. Rana Effects of Watershed Political Fragmentation upon Water Yumi Wildgrube, Pacific University Quality in the Contiguous United States Kevin Palm, Humor and Symbolic Interaction Among Brain Injuries Humboldt State University Survivors Steven Wesley Morrow, Biola University Food Justice Nonprofits in the East Bay Area Megan Mubaraki, You are Unique (Just Like Everybody Else): Group Identity at a UC Berkeley Private, Catholic University Kevin O'Brien, Gonzaga Revitalizing a Community? An Examination of the University Redevelopment Efforts for the Jordan Downs Housing The Vietnam War: Indigenous Voices Heard Jennifer Monica Projects Ashley Kayla Hansack, Whitman College Vargas, California State University, Fresno Discussant: Ungodly Masses: Rationality and Disenchantment in Jordan Fox Besek, University of Oregon Nonbelievers Allyce Hope Lobdell, Colorado Mesa 083. Endowment Committee University Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Discussant: Committee meeting Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of California, Irvine 12:00 to 1:30 pm 082-3. Gender Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Session Organizer: Submissions Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Roundtable presentation session Member: Session Organizer: Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Kathleen Kaiser, California State University, Chico Participants: Sunil Kukreja, University of Puget Sound Contemporary Content of Rape Myths Erin Patricia Savoia, Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University University of Portland Brenda Wilhelm, Colorado Mesa University Coping with Deployment: Inclusivity of Queer Spouses Carla Sandra Way, New Mexico State University Murillo, California State University, Long Beach 084. Norms, Boundaries, and Bodies Elephant in the Room: Negotiating Feminism in Heterosexual Gender Relationships at a Catholic University Emily Kathryn Loe, Formal research session Gonzaga University 12:00 to 1:30 pm Gender Non-Conformity in Children Jean-Louise Reichman, Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C Colorado Mesa University Session Organizer: Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah Presider: Formal research session Adelle Dora Monteblanco, University of Colorado Boulder 12:00 to 1:30 pm Participants: Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D Examining Gender and Sexuality Norms Online Dan Michael Session Organizer: Fielding, University of Oregon Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas Communities of fan producers have been creating and consuming Presider: works labeled deviant by both laypeople and academics for Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas decades. Fan producers take the popular media they enjoy and Participants: rewrite it to fit their needs and desires. Online, these fan producers have found a new space to re-write what it means to be The L.A. River Revitalization: Placemaking and Community normative. These fan producers often write about slash, which Building Elizabeth Bogumil, CSU Northridge depicts homosexual relationships as normal, and genderswap, This presentation will examine the Los Angeles River which plays with the idea of gender by physically switching Revitalization from the perspective of placemaking and characters’ sex. Understanding how norms are created within fan community building. In the 1930s, the Los Angeles River, a productions can help us understand how norms are created more geographic feature and regional landmark, was converted from broadly. Through content analysis, a series of interviews (n = its natural state into a cement river. Within the last few years, the 26), and a survey (n = 224), of fan producers directly, this study river has been going through a revitalization, which includes gains a better understand of these producers’ motivations for increased accessibility to the non-cemented areas for sport and producing fan works. aesthetic enjoyment along with retrofitting of the cemented areas Women in Legislatures and Anti-Trafficking Enforcement: A to serve as a corridor to connect cities and people. This research Global Analysis Amy Alexander, Goettingen University will be particularly timely because of Los Angeles’ recent mayoral push for federal funding to revitalize the river and its Germany; Maria Ravlik, Goettingen University ability cultivate community, through sense of place, between A powerful evidence base identifies human trafficking as a residents within and between cities. The phenomenological symptom of gender inequality and, as such, a women’s interest processes of placemaking and community building along the Los issue. The women and politics literature has long posited and Angeles River will be examined utilizing document analysis of evaluated whether there is a link between female descriptive news articles, blogs, government documents and, community representation and attention to women’s issues. Yet, not a single events postings and write ups. Documents will be coded, study to date evaluates whether the greater inclusion of women in analyzed and the essence of community building through positions of political power influences anti-trafficking legislation placemaking along the Los Angeles River will be uncovered. across the globe. This manuscript makes that step. We evaluate whether increases in women in leading political decision-making Transnational Expressions of Identity for Karen and Karenni positions improves their countries’ anti-trafficking enforcement. Refugee Youth Quintin Myers, University Of Northern Using ordinal regression analysis, we test whether higher levels Colorado of women in national legislatures lead to higher levels of This study explores how Karen and Karenni refugee youth create enforcement with data on 162 countries measured in the late and express cultural identity after being resettled in a Midwestern 2000s. university town. Data were collected through field observations Women's experience of Zumba: Not your ordinary exercise of Karen and Karenni youth at a local soccer program and Tanya Nieri, University of California at Riverside; Elizabeth through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with staff from the soccer program, youth in the program, and parents from the Hughes, University of California at Riverside refugee community. The data demonstrate that Karen and The present study engages the debate among feminist scholars Karenni youth display a transnational identity insofar as they about the merits of group fitness for women by assessing display pieces of their native culture and American culture. The women’s experience of Zumba, a popular Latin-inspired group youth partially express this transnational identity through the fitness program created in 2001. Although Zumba and traditional clothing that the youth choose to wear. Many times in public and group fitness classes predominantly serve women, Zumba is at school the youth wear clothing reminiscent of hip-hop culture distinct from traditional group fitness in several ways, and thus, such as skinny jeans, flat-bill hats, high top sneakers, and may create a different experience for women than traditional sleeveless puffy vests. This generally American style is mitigated group fitness. The few studies that have examined Zumba were with pieces of clothing that demonstrate pride in being Karen and quantitative and did not explore women’s subjective experience. Karenni or pieces reminiscent of traditional clothing. Moreover, Prior research on group fitness other than Zumba has relied on when cultural events are held the youth invariably revert back to middle class and/or affluent, white samples of women. This their native clothing but do their best to add a little American study, using interviews of diverse female Zumba participants, flair to the traditional dress. It is these conscious decisions to revealed that although women are motivated to take Zumba for move from one style of clothing to another and mixing the two exercise, they do not experience it the way they typically clothing styles that insinuates a transnational identity. The experience exercise. The women described exercise as boring, choices of American clothing style is informed predominately by stressful, painful, lonely, and atomistic. In contrast, they the association with hip-hop music and an affinity for artists such described Zumba as fun, freeing, physically rewarding, as Tyga and ‘Lil Wayne. Exploring transnational identities of a community building, and holistic. They reported physical and lesser known refugee community allows this project to contribute other benefits, such as an opportunity for self expression. The to the overall sociological literature. women also contrasted Zumba with dancing, suggesting that Zumba has the advantages of dancing without the disadvantages Volunteer tourism: graduate student stories of New Delhi, India of either exercise or dancing. The Zumba habitus, thus, contrasts Jane Bone, Monash University; Kate Daisy Bone, Monash with the exercise habitus and the dancing habitus, in that it is less Injury Research Institute, Monash University likely to reproduce dominant gender and body norms, such as the A qualitative research project involved interviews with slim, hard, and passive body. By focusing on fun, rather than postgraduate students who chose to go to India as part of a travel (body) work and its products (i.e., a fit body), Zumba appears to experience organised by the university Postgraduate Association. preserve, rather than eliminate, women’s subjectivity. The students were interviewed before and after their trip and while away they kept diaries of their experiences in New Delhi. 085. Transnational/Community Identities: Qualitative and The students were described by the postgraduate organisation as Conceptual Explorations volunteer tourists and the participants in the study worked for Regional Studies and Transnationalism one week with a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Delhi where they were mainly involved with children and young adults. the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. Now, forty six years later, The participants paid for their trip and the objective of their Mexican law enforcement has, once again, targeted students in travel was to gain an introduction to India’s society, history and Guerrero because of their planned demonstration against a culture while visiting a village in the slums and sightseeing. political stance. This research paper will trace the student human Using a perspective from the tourism literature an analysis turned crisis played out in Mexico during the last fifty years and will to the question of who benefits and whether this became what take a close look at the link between government corruption and Cushner (2004) presents as ‘meaningful educational travel’. The student repression. How can a nation, which has repeatedly discussion includes the views and motivations of the participants claimed to embrace modernity, still engage in repressive acts and the expectations and discoveries that might (or not) influence towards the very group devoting their time and effort in their future. Initial findings show that gender, age, ethnicity, providing social change for their nation? How can current and sexuality and family perspectives intersected as participants future students, who have witnessed such repression, continue to described their experiences in this unique setting. Their engage in social movements and keep hope that social change narratives upon returning showed a reversal of the notion of the will arrive without fear of their disappearance or murder being exotic Other and the discomfort associated with this was next? What has the repression taught students and citizens, and described. This study contributes to a growing and popular field what hope, if any, do they hold towards the Mexican government that is both linked to the tourist industry and to educational building a positive relationship with students? This research will aspirations. shed light on Mexican students and their struggle in obtaining the Impact on National Ocean Identity: Maritime Strategy by educational rights and the right to demonstrate that we, as Xijinping xiaoping Luo, Boston University Americans, often take for granted. Discussant: Todos Somos Oaxaca! The Mobilization of Teachers in Oaxaca Steven Arxer, University of North Texas at Dallas Forming the Mexican Left against Neoliberalism Arturo Zepeda, California State University, Los Angeles 086. Movements from the Left in Mexico In 2006, Mexico was on the verge of joining a list of Latin Social Movements and Social Change American nations to elect a leftist leader from the working class Research-in-progress session sector. As the presidential elections captured the majority of the 12:00 to 1:30 pm media’s focus, an Indigenous social movement began to mobilize Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E in the state of Oaxaca. Teachers demanded better salaries and the Session Organizer: removal of the present right ring mayor that allied itself with the minority elite sector. For the first time in many years, the Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Mexican left has reemerged with the presidential candidate of Presider: Manuel Lopez Obrador and the Indigenous social movement of Sara Aguirre, California State Univeristy, Los Angeles the Oaxaca teachers. The up rise of Indigenous and working class Participants: people has been a continuous trend of unity in Latin America since Post 9/11, forming an accord of solidarity to bring social #Fue El Estado: The Tlatlaya and Ayotzinapa Revolutions Sara change. In this essay, I argue that the rise of the Latin American Aguirre, California State Univeristy, Los Angeles left has been organized by Indigenous grassroots and working In the last few months, Mexico has been rocked with student class labor unions challenging neoliberal policies and U.S protests in the state of Guerrero. Forty-three student protestors in relations. Furthermore, I also argue that the left in Mexico creates the city of Iguala were kidnapped after planning to protest social change through a political form of power from below, discriminatory hiring and funding practices that favored urban where policies and reforms are produced from the working class colleges. While tales of kidnappings, government corruption and and Indigenous sectors. For the past seven decades Latin repression are not new concepts in Mexico, the disappearance of American governments have been under the control of top down these students awoke a sleeping giant throughout Mexico and in politicians whom have regulated the participation of lower other countries; thousands of students have gathered to protest sectors and embraced privatization. This research will consist of and demand accountability of the local government officials, law analyzing newspapers, media reports, archival documents, enforcement, and politicians. The attack on the Ayotzinapa ethnographic studies of protest, and academic books that normalistas comes only a few months after what now appears to highlight the Indigenous struggle of Oaxaca and Mexican have been the summary execution of twenty-two youths by a politics. special army brigade in Tlatlaya in the nearby state of Mexico. The Iguala and Tlatlaya massacres hold a mirror to the character 087. Sport, Gender/Sexuality and Bodies in Culture of Mexican capitalism and the state that stands atop it. They Member and Committee Organized Sessions reveal the mass violence against the population, political Formal research session manipulation of the law, if not its complete absence, corruption, 12:00 to 1:30 pm collusion of organized crime with the authorities, and the Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F complicity of the civil government and the armed forces in all of Session Organizer: the above. This paper will address how terrorism of the state has crushed social or political resistance of the Mexican working Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona class to a political and socioeconomic regime that benefits those Presider: in control of the state and the distribution of resources. The Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona research will consist of archival research of Mexican newspapers, Participants: local and national newspapers, social media reports, qualitative and ethnographic data from students and/or social activists. Sochi 2014: Homonormativity and Homonationalism in Mainstream North American LGBT Media Ann Travers, Fifty Years of State Surveillance and Student Movements in Simon Fraser University Mexico Daisy Robles Herrera, California State University, Los Angeles Framing femininities: The gender politics of “girl-only” Since the mid-twentieth century, students have protested for skateboard groups. Becky Beal, California State University educational rights and political autonomy while also East Bay; Jessica Lee, California State University East Bay demonstrating against the abuse of power by Mexican law Bay Area Girls' and Womens' Experiences with "Girl-Only" enforcement. During such timeframe, citizens have witnessed Skateboarding Matthew Atencio, California State University how students have been impacted physically and psychologically East Bay; Missy Wright, California State University East due to such repression. Such repression reached new heights with Bay Gender and class inequality in youth sport Michela Musto, Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University University of Southern California Member: 088. Poster Session I Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Poster Submissions Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Poster session Stacy Bricco, Humboldt State University 12:00 to 1:30 pm Lora Vess, University of Alaska Southeast Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer Emily Jones, University of Kansas Session Organizer: 091. Committee on Teaching Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Participants: Committee meeting "Hands Up, Don't Shoot": Police and Vigilante Violence as an 1:45 to 3:15 pm Extension of Old Fashioned Lynching Alisha Agard, Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor C Whitman College Session Organizer: Battle of the Ages: A Retributive vs. Restorative Justice Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Approach in a Youth Rehabilitation Center Alexys Martens, Member: Idaho State University Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University Big Brother Where Are(n't) Thou?: College Students' Deirdre Tyler, Salt Lake Community College Awareness and Perceptions of Contemporary Surveillance Terressa Benz, University of Idaho Practices Karisa Streit, Gonzaga University Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno Maternal Incarceration and Self-Reported Marijuana Use Mike Chavez, CSU Long Beach Amongst Adolescents and Young Adults: Results from a Juan Pitones, CSU Channel Islands Case-Control Study Michael Ryan Menefee, Southern 092. Latina/o Sociology Oregon University Latina/o Sociology The Enduring Effects of Inequality: Race, Class & Infant Formal research session Mortality Simeng Wang, Gonzaga University; Jaspreet 1:45 to 3:15 pm Kaur, Gonzaga University Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific Welcome to the 'Gun Show': An Examination of Gender and Session Organizer: Policing in Film Morgan Karney, Gonzaga University; Paul Lopez, California State University Chico Tracy Rider, Gonzaga University Presider: Wom[y]n of Color Activism in San Diego: A Social Justice Franklin C Pérez, California State University, Fullerton Curriculum Daniela Conde, University of San Diego Participants: With Racial Intentions: Criminalization, Police Violence, and Controversy in the Sociological Meaning of Changes in the 2014 Ferguson Uprising Mya Shanice McMillon, Latina/o Racial Self-Identification Lance Hannon, Villanova California State University Channel Islands University; Robert DeFina, Villanova University Geospatial Distribution and Characteristics of E-Cigarette The results of our analysis of recent General Social Survey data Retailers: Are Youth at Risk? Patsornkarn (Nate) indicate that: (1) self-identification as Latino is highly stable over Vorapharuek, Chapman University time, (2) self-identification as white among Latinos is highly unstable over time, with significant changes and reversions back Punishment or Pedagogy: Faculty and Student Perceptions of to the original designation occurring within just a few years, (3) Syllabi Late-Work Policies Michael Robert Baxter, College question wording matters a lot for how Latinos racially self- of Western Idaho; Jacob Armstrong, College of Western identify, and (4) when you compare answers to the same Idaho questions over the 2000-2010 period there is no evidence of Latino assimilation into whiteness and some evidence that 089. Awards Committee Latinos might actually feel less close to whites after a decade of Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting heightened debate about immigration. These results have Committee meeting implications for a growing body of research on racial fluidity that 1:45 to 3:15 pm has tended to dismiss concerns about question wording as non- Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor A sociological, and consequently has over-theorized about variation Session Organizer: rooted more in ambivalence than substantive processes of identity transformation. Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Talking Back to Controlling Images: Latinos, Sports, and Member: Gangs Jessica Vasquez, University of Oregon; Kathryn Preston Rudy, San Jose State University Norton-Smith, University of Oregon Elizabeth Essary, Pepperdine University “Controlling images” are central to the reproduction of racial, Judith Hennessy, Central Washington University class, and gender inequality (Collins 1991: 68), yet there is a Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell dearth of knowledge concerning the images that aim to constrain E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis Latinos and how subjects respond to these negative stereotypes. Marie Butler, Oxnard College Drawing from 103 in-depth, life history interviews with Latinos 090. Student Affairs Committee in California and Kansas, this article answers two research questions: First, how do controlling images of Latinos as gang Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting members and sports athletes regulate opportunities, impose Committee meeting constraints, and channel emotions? Second, how do Latinos 1:45 to 3:15 pm emotionally and behaviorally respond to these imposed Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor B controlling images? Racialized and gender-based stereotypes Session Organizer: aim to control dominated groups yet attending to subordinated groups’ emotional and behavior reactions returns agency to oppressed populations. This article argues that controlling 093. Teaching Undergraduate Statistics images projected onto Latinos code emotions as only permissible Member and Committee Organized Sessions within gang or sports, harnessing subjects’ emotion and Workshop or demonstration session foreclosing other aspirations. This article fills two gaps in 1:45 to 3:15 pm literature: first, controlling images have been elaborated for blacks but not for Latinos and second, controlling images not Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A only sanction behavior but channel emotions, a less-investigated Session Organizers: theme. Analyzing reactions to these stereotypes, which range Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary from acquiescence to resistance, demonstrates that Latino men Patricia Hoffman, New Mexico State University were more saddled by controlling images and more likely to Presider: assiduously protest them than women, revealing an intersection of race and gender. The regional comparison reveals that a Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary sizeable Latino population and continuing immigration makes Panelists: salient stereotypes of Latinos in California whereas controlling Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Calgary images exist but circulate more abstractly in Kansas. Patricia Hoffman, New Mexico State University Mestizas in the Academy: Latina Faculty and the Negotiation of 094. Deviant/Alternative Sexualities and Morality their Personal and Professional Lives Marisa D Casillas Sexualities Salinas, UC Santa Barbara Research-in-progress session Despite gains in the number of female and ethnic minority 1:45 to 3:15 pm faculty, the numbers of both are extremely low within academia. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B The majority of female and faculty of color that are in higher education are disproportionately distributed amongst non-tenure Session Organizer: track positions. This suggests that there are structural Tracy DeHaan, San Jose State University mechanisms at work that either: give unfair benefits or privileges Presider: to men and white professoriate candidates, result in the poorer Anthony Vega, Washington State University performance (research, publications, resumes, etc ) of these minority groups in relation to whites and men, or discourage Participants: women and ethnic minorities from applying to professoriate "Sexuality Norms for Non-Normative Genders" Gregory Wayne positions. For Latina faculty, a doubly oppressive framework Serrano, New Mexico State University; Kathryn Elizabeth presents itself on the gendered and ethnic minority status. Stroud, New Mexico State University Through the use of 8 in depth interviews of various Latina The current research will explore how people of non-normative faculty, I aim to uncover how Latina faculty negotiate their gender roles negotiate between sexuality identities. As past personal and professional lives. I will be paying close attention to research has shown, individuals who identify as transsexual, how these women prioritize their competing simultaneous transgender or genderless often have difficulties fitting into the expectations of professors, colleagues, mothers, spouses, etc. and constraints of gender-specific sexuality labels, such as how these expectations shape their own identity/ies and their heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. The research will be personal and professional negotiations. The populations will be compiled by conducting multiple snowball sampling interviews drawn using a snowball sampling technique. Interviewees will be with people of non-normative gender roles. While the research is from Southern California across various 4 year universities. still in-process, we hypothesize that the framework to be used The Active Civic and Political Participation of Undocumented will be labelling theory. Individuals of non-normative gender and Other Latino Youth Veronica Terriquez, University of roles are already stigmatized by not identifying within the gender Southern California binary, and therefore might feel more compelled to identify In recent years, activist undocumented immigrant youth who within the sexuality labels, while feeling the need to qualify arrived in the U.S. as minors have received significant attention certain aspects of these gendered sexualities. from media as well as government officials. The activism of Fetish Balls, Orgies, and Sexually Themed Events: An these undocumented, mostly Latino immigrant youth stands in Examination of Large-scale Alternative Cultural Gatherings contrast to the fairly low-levels of political participation among Carolyn Benson, Tarrant County College young adults, especially those of Latino origin who tend to ABSTRACT The surge in popularity of lightweight BDSM encounter socioeconomic and other challenges to involvement in experienced since the release of Fifty Shades of Grey does not the public arena. What are some of the social mechanisms that cross over into the legitimate realm of fetish connoisseurship. contribute to the high levels of political participation among The fetish community is concurrently vast and insular, with undocumented and other Latino youth? What is the role of legal agendas that often surpass that of sexual or psycho-sexual status in predicting patterns of political participation among pleasure. This paper is the first stage of a compilation of work Latino youth? In seeking to identify the factors that facilitate the resulting from three years of field studies and survey work in the activism among Latino youth, this study relies on empirical Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex kink scene. analysis survey data from a randomly selected and representative sample of 1021 Latino youth, as well as a purposive sample of Punishing Sex: Sex Offenders and the Missing Punitive Turn in 370 undocumented Latino immigrant rights activists in the Sociology of Sexuality Trevor Hoppe, University of California. Survey data are complemented by semi-structured California at Irvine interview data from 150 Latino youth. Findings offer limited or In Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia’s now-infamous dissent no evidence that undocumented youths’ civic participation differs in Lawrence v. Texas (2003), he ominously predicted that the from that of other Latinos –unless they belong to immigrant Court’s decision – interpreted by many as “striking down” state rights organizations. Like their politically engaged, college- sodomy laws – would pave the way for same-sex marriage rights. educated Latino counterparts, undocumented activists’ In hindsight, Scalia’s comments have proven ironically prescient: participation in the public sphere is facilitated by their prior many states continue to deploy sodomy laws to lock up those it involvement in politically-salient high school volunteer labels sexually deviant, while legalized same-sex marriage associations. At the same time, immigrant rights organizations nationwide appears to be a question of when, not if. Yet, while play an important role in expanding undocumented youths’ civic the sociology of sexuality has much to say about the rise of capacities, helping them develop a politicized identity based on sexual minority identities, communities, and social movements, it their legal status, and connecting them to multiple opportunities has far less to say about the state project of punishing sexual for participation. deviance. In this paper, I draw on the sociology of punishment to analyze a unique set of longitudinal and cross-sectional data on Medical Sociology and Health the population of registered sex offenders in the United States. Formal research session While recent figures suggest that incarceration rates have 1:45 to 3:15 pm plateaued and even declined slightly in recent years, I show that Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A sex offender registration rates continue to rise and that these policies are disproportionately impacting racial minorities – Session Organizer: particularly black communities but also, in some cases, American Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University Indians. These findings suggest that the impulse to punish sexual Presider: deviance continues to thrive in American society and that the Shih-Chi Lin, University of Oregon impact of these policies is shouldered disproportionately by marginalized communities. I conclude by considering whether Participants: these data suggest that sex crime is becoming a new mode of Welfare State Context and Individual Health: The Role of what Jonathan Simon terms “governing through crime.” Decommodification in Shaping Self-Perceived Health Karin Sexual Constraint Theory and Violence: An Evaluation of Abel, Utah State University Moral Authority Jordan Elkins, Idaho State University Recent years have seen the emergence of a body of literature that This research focuses on American social conservatism in links the welfare state and health status. This study seeks to make regards to normative sexual ideals and culture. Does American a meaningful contribution to this small but growing body of social conservatism, which promotes sexually constraint type literature by addressing two questions. First, do individuals in attitudes and behaviors, have an effect on state differential sexual countries with more decommodifying welfare states have better violence rates? Previous research has shown that the U.S. has self-perceived health? Second, does decommodification affect consistently high rates of sexual violence, yet these rates vary the health of different population groups in distinct ways? Based from state to state. This research asserts that these varying rates on Esping-Andersen’s seminal work, as well as other relevant of violence are related to sexual constraint ideals. Using Andreas extant literature, this study hypothesizes that individuals in Schneider’s concepts of “sexual constraint” and “sexual countries with more decommodifying welfare states will have emancipation”, this study assesses the relationship between these better self-perceived health. This study also investigates concepts and that of social conservatism. It asserts that social hypotheses concerning the ways in which the conservatism results in sexual constraint ideals and culture. This decommodification-health relationship differs across various study uses Max Weber’s “ideal types”, as evaluated by Andreas gender and socioeconomic status groups. Using data from the Schneider, in conjunction with his theory A Model of Sexual World Values Survey and other data sources, this study employs Constraint and Sexual Emancipation, Emile Durkheim’s concepts a multilevel modeling approach to answering the questions of of collective consciousness, egoism, and anomie, Gottfredson & interest. The results offer little support to study hypotheses. Hirschi’s concept of Self Control Theory as evaluated by Sharon Market Transition and Health Care Reforms in China and Redhawk Love, and Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality, Russia Shih-Chi Lin, University of Oregon to examine the ways in which institutionalized social power During the socialist period, both China and Russia were works to define sexual norms. The argument is made that these internationally viewed as shining examples of health advances by definitions ultimately repress overt sexual expression and lead to providing a public owned and free basic health care system. The psychological distress. The repression of expression and the two countries made substantial improvements—life expectancy idealization of sexuality, lead to the social norms and standards increased and mortality from infectious diseases declined which work to stigmatize sexual behaviors. Sexual constraint significantly (Liu et al. 1998). However, market transitions over culture leads to unhealthy emotions, such as guilt and shame, the last three decades have led to dramatic changes in health care which result in unhealthy behaviors, one of these being sexual system in the two post-socialist countries. This study investigates violence. This research examines sexual constraint ideals, this changing pattern using panel data from two longitudinal measured in terms of social conservatism, and describes the survey—China Health and Nutrition Survey and Russia manner in which these ideals are related to state-level trends in Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. It is the first attempt in this sexual violence rates. literature that tries to identify the effects of policies and reforms 095. Alternative Employment Opportunities for Undergraduate on health care system in the transitional period of China and and Graduate Sociology Majors II Russia. I attempt to use the fixed effects linear model to estimate Member and Committee Organized Sessions the effects and compare the results to alternative models, including pooled OLS, propensity score matching and fixed logit Panel discussion model. I expect that market transition has led to decreased health 1:45 to 3:15 pm insurance coverage for individuals and declined public health Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C expenditure at province level. China’s gradual trade liberalization Session Organizer: policy and mass privatization of Russia’s shock therapy were the Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University main causes for the decreasing trend. Presider: A Thousand Ways to Die: Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University Physician-Assisted Suicides Lissette Gordon, University of Participants: La Verne; Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne The issue of euthanasia continues to be the subject of great social Applied Interdisciplinary Research with Big Data: Current and political controversy. Attitudes of healthcare workers toward Projects at California DMV Bayliss J. Camp, California physician-aid-in-dying (PAID) in states where it is illegal have DMV been found to be greatly divided (Craig et al. 2007). This study What's a Sociologist To Do? Marcia Bonner Meudell, Kaiser was done to determine healthcare workers’ current perspectives Permanente on euthanasia. The research questions in this study were: R1: Do Alternative Careers for Sociology Majors: The Latest more years of experience in the clinical setting increase healthcare workers’ positive attitudes toward euthanasia? R2: Information from the American Sociological Association Are healthcare workers who are more religious more likely to Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University have negative attitudes toward euthanasia? R3: Do male Panelist: healthcare workers have more positive attitudes toward Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University euthanasia than female healthcare workers? R4: Do politically conservative healthcare workers have more negative attitudes 096. Social Structure, Policy, and Health toward euthanasia than liberal healthcare workers? R5: Are healthcare workers more likely to approve of euthanasia for Racial Conflict Between Black and Latino Gang Members in Los terminally ill patients in uncontrollable pain more than for Angeles, examines the formal and informal rules and mores black terminally ill patients who request euthanasia for lost functional and Latino gang members impose on themselves and each other abilities? The sample consisted of 25 practicing healthcare with regard to the appropriate and acceptable limits of inter-racial professionals (nurses and doctors) in Southern California. They interaction between them, both socially and in the underground were obtained through non-random, convenience sampling, and economy. Quantitative findings reveal a neighborhood effect that interviewed using structured, open-ended questions. The findings influences the rigidity of such rules and mores in different parts suggest a relationship between the number of years of experience of the city, as well as differences in the rules and mores enforced as healthcare professional and positive attitudes toward by black and Latino gang members on their respective factions. euthanasia; 77% of healthcare workers with 18 or more years’ Qualitative findings provide the depth needed to understand how experience approved of PAID while only 42% of those with less interaction between these presumably opposed racialized gang than 18 years’ experience approved. Of the participants who self- factions plays out in the every day lives of gang members in Los identified as religious to some degree, 44% disapproved of Angeles County. PAID, while of those who self-identified as not religious, only Negotiating, Managing and Challenging Institutional Responses 33% disapproved. Fifty-five percent of male participants and to the Fear of Gangs Richelle Swan, CSUSM; Kristin Bates, 25% of female participants disapproved of PAID. Political beliefs influence negative attitudes toward euthanasia; 64% of California State University San Marcos conservative participants and only 11% of liberal participants In this paper, we draw upon findings from a three-year disapproved of PAID. Fifty-two percent of the participants qualitative study to consider the institutional imperatives that approved of PAID equally for the terminally ill patient in shape the face of gang lists and civil gang injunctions in San uncontrollable pain and a patient requesting PAID for loss of Diego County and surrounding areas. We will consider the functional abilities; 38% of participants approved of PAID more various ways that these forms of social control are negotiated, for uncontrollable pain as opposed to loss of functional abilities. managed and challenged by people and groups in the region. Typologies were created according to the healthcare workers’ Cuatro Veces Victimizados: The Criminalization of perspectives toward PAID. They include: 1) The Medical Undocumented Mexicano Youth in the U.S. Anna Díaz Mavericks (52%) who approved PAID laws and practice, 2) The Villela, San Francisco State University Noble Professionals (28%) who disapproved PAID laws and Undocumented youth migration to the United States has been practice, and 3) The Windwalker Workers (20%) who were taking place post 1848, yet research has not addressed the undecided about whether PAID should be legalized or practiced. criminalization experienced by undocumented Mexicano youth . Reducing Stigma through Mandatory Licensing for Direct-entry Due to recent immigration law and criminal law overlaps, Midwives: Being Credentialed in a Credentialized Society undocumented Mexicanos are increasingly incarcerated and Amy Miller, Linfield College deported back to México without any consideration of their The structure of the U.S. health care system and cultural ideas personal histories nor familial ties within the United States. This surrounding pregnancy and birth in the U.S, position direct-entry qualitative study is guided by the following orientating questions: midwives (DEMs) and obstetricians (OBs) as distinct. The value (Q1) How do institutions criminalize undocumented Mexicano of these two groups of practitioners is hierarchically arranged youth, and (Q2) What is the experience of criminalization for with obstetricians’ education and clinical skills viewed as more undocumented Mexicano youth? This study follows valuable by both the medical community and broader society. retrospectively the lives of two undocumented Mexicano Due to educational and scope of practice differences between the brothers, beginning in their youth and cumulating to their present two practitioners, OBs and DEMs rarely enter into dialogue with day experiences. This study uses qualitative methods that one other. The one situation where practitioners of these two include: in-depth interviews, content analysis of inmate models are forced to come into contact is during home to hospital correspondence, content analysis of legal proceeding through transports. My current project examines whether or not court documents, and observations of current living conditions in standardizing licensure and educational requirements for direct- México. This study will provide insight to the criminalization entry midwives reduces the stigmatization of the profession and that occurs within the undocumented community living in the the clients who choose home birth during home-to-hospital United States which not only impacts this population, but future transports. Beginning in 2013, any person practicing direct-entry generations of undocumented youth who become of age in the midwifery in Oregon is required to be licensed. Although DEMs U.S. are now required to be licensed, recent changes to Oregon’s Social Networks, Employment, and Youth Delinquency Dale Medicaid programs precludes midwives from providing services Willits, California State University, Bakersfield; Alexa to low-income clients. In the full paper, I examine whether Kolosky, California State University, Bakersfield mandatory licensing reduces the stigmatization of DEMs in For most individuals, employment is associated with a lower risk Oregon, while simultaneously constrains their ability to serve for delinquent and criminal behaviors. For adolescents, however, women from disadvantaged backgrounds. research suggests that employment may increase the risk of 097. Youth, Crime and Delinquency engaging in these behaviors. One common explanation for this Crime, Law, and Deviance discrepancy is that work for adolescents results in exposure to Formal research session criminogenic others, including adults and adolescents who are 1:45 to 3:15 pm less invested in school. Research, however, has yet to test this hypothesis. The current research uses the restricted version of the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Session Organizer: data to examine the social network hypothesis by comparing the David Musick, University of Northern Colorado network characteristics of employed and unemployed youth and Presider: examining the relationship between these factors and adolescent Desire Anastasia, Metropolitan State University of Denver delinquency. Participants: Foster Care in Reno, Nevada: Does Aging-Out of Foster Care Increase the Presence of Risk Factors and Criminality? Allies and Enemies: Rules and Mores Governing Inter-Racial Matthew Morris Le Claire, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Interaction Between Sureno and Crip and Blood Gang Jennifer Lanterman, University of Nevada, Reno Members in Los Angeles County Robert Donald Weide, Aging-out of foster care is a difficult experience to endure. California State University, Los Angeles Independent living facilities and assistance programs do exist, This chapter of my forthcoming book entitled, Race War? Inter- but most assistance ends when a participant turns 21 years old. This thesis examines the presence of risk factors in aged-out Participants: participants’ lives. Using a Blackian Analysis as the theoretical Identity Formation and Prescribed Gender Roles Among framework, aged-out young adults are placed in models where law is present at a greater level in their lives. With no stable Female Gamers Euphemia Lee, Western Washington foundation and support from their families, most participants University succumb to risk factors. Compared with state and national Incentivized Students: How Neutralized Gender Rationalizes averages on risk factors (e.g. homelessness, alcoholism, Academic Success Britini Denise Gates, Boise State substance abuse, etc.), aged-out foster care participants are a University vulnerable sub-group. Averages show they are more likely to be Performing Genders: A Study of Gender Fluid People Nicholas homeless, drink alcohol, and experiment with drugs. Overall, the results of this study suggest that despite aged-out foster care John Kahu Mālama Kai Coney, Linfield College participants being a small sub-group, they are disproportionately Redefining Motherhood Through Assisted Reproductive represented in the criminal justice system. Technologies Lourdes Janethe Camarena, UC Berkeley 098. Talking Circle: Encouraging, Identifying and Supporting Self-Advocacy Portrayed as Deviance: Leadership in Black Male academic Achievement: What is Needed? Reproductive Rights Britta Hamre, University of Alaska Member and Committee Organized Sessions Fairbanks Workshop or demonstration session Discussant: 1:45 to 3:15 pm Mary Kelsey, UC Berkeley Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A 099-3. Race and Ethnicity II Session Organizer: Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college Submissions at this time. Roundtable presentation session Presiders: Session Organizer: Garry Rolison, CSU, San Marcos Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college Participants: at this time. Inequality in the Criminological Justice System, With an 099. Undergraduate Roundtables II: Sociology of Education I; Emphasis on Capital Punishment Susana Ruiz-Gallegos, Gender II; Race and Ethnicity II; Medical Sociology and University of Idaho Health; Politics, Globalization, Transnationalism, and Latina/o Students at HSU: Beyond Their Freshman Year Jesus Regional Studies; Migration and Immigration Perez, Humboldt State University 1:45 to 3:15 pm Trans-racial adoption and a Racially fluid world Horizon Lee Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A Barnes, Whitworth University 099-1. Sociology of Education I A Tale of Two Cities: A Statistical Comparison of Mexicans in Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Two Border Metropolitan Areas Rosalba Rocha, California Submissions State University-Channel Islands Roundtable presentation session Discussant: Session Organizer: Nicole Willms, Gonzaga University Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College 099-4. Medical Sociology and Health Participants: Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable A Place of Their Own: The Role of Student Organizations in Submissions Balancing Identities for First-Generation College Students Roundtable presentation session Gonzalo Alvarez, University of San Diego Session Organizer: Academic Achievement Differences Between Ethnic and Racial Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Groups: Understanding Mechanisms Behind the Disparity Participants: Martin Puga Jr., University of Utah Cancer Screening Patterns for Walla Walla’s Low-Income, Afrocentric Curricula: A Powerful Enough Force to Curtail Uninsured Population Arika Wieneke, Whitman College Negative Classroom Behavior? Larry Eugene McDaniel, University of California, Berkeley Fiesta Fundraising: Filling the Gaps of AIDS Service Organizations in San Antonio Rosa Isela Olivares, Trinity Building Bridges: The Inclusion of Latino Parents in a College University Access Program Thalia Carolina Vargas, Willamette Magical Condom Machines Bobbi Marie Mendoza, Whittier University; Grecia E. Garcia Perez, Willamette University; College Brianne A Dávila, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Discussant: Sophia Lyn Nathenson, Oregon Institute of Technology Effects of Skin-Tone on Academic Performance Hanna Kim, Whitworth University 099-5. Politics, Gobalization, Transnationalism, and Regional Discussant: Studies Amy J. Orr, Linfield College Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Submissions 099-2. Gender II Roundtable presentation session Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Submissions Session Organizer: Roundtable presentation session Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Session Organizer: Participants: Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Do You Even Politics Bro? A Study of Political Participation Among College Students Kevin McFeely, Gonzaga of California, Santa Barbara University This study examines how a feminist-identified rape crisis center The Effects of Studying Abroad on Political Affiliation in Southern California became bilingual (English and Spanish) Madeleine Tappa, Whitworth University and bicultural. It went from serving mostly English-speaking sexual assault survivors and staffed predominantly by white Hegemonic Masculinity in Trauma Advocacy Nonprofit women, to serving both English- and Spanish-speaking survivors Organizations Stephanie Braithwaite, University of the and being staffed predominantly by Latina women. This study Pacific contributes to the research on feminist organizations and the Transformational and Translational work of Local NGO Staff problems they have faced in diversifying. It also contributes to Souma Kundu, University of California Berkeley the gap in how a feminist organization is able to diversify and maintain it over several years. I use a qualitative ethnographic Discussant: research approach to analyze the following questions: 1) How did Benjamin Lewin, UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND the organization transform from a white feminist organization to 099-6. Migration, Immigration, and Models of Development a more inclusive organization that provides services to the wider Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable community? 2) How did the broadening of its feminist agenda Submissions and inclusion of Latinas affect the organization's structure and services? 3) How has this commitment to meeting the needs of Roundtable presentation session the diverse community been implemented, maintained, and Session Organizer: changed over time? Findings indicate that the organization’s Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Board of Directors and staff consciously re-structured priorities, Participants: hiring, and service delivery to become a bilingual and bicultural agency. As part of this process, the Board hired Latinas in staff An Examination of Latino Immigrant Farm Workers, and leadership positions. The organization’s leadership Construction Workers, Gardeners, Maids and Janitors in cultivated racial coalitions, in particular powerful white allies on California Nayeli Velasco, California State University the basis of their shared commitments to ending sexual violence Channel Islands and serving all segments of the community. Asian Immigrants in California: A comparison of Chinese, Postfeminisms: An Intimate History of the Contemporary Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Asian Indians Max Tyler Feminist Imaginary kathryn hausbeck korgan, UNLV Roberts, California State University Channel Islands In 1981, the New York Times published an editorial announcing Effect of Assimilation into United States: Changes in Mexican the birth of "postfeminism," instantly raising the spectre of the Immigrants’ Perceptions of Treatment of Women Blanca death of feminism. Thirty-four years later, American feminists Araceli Ramirez, California State University, Fullerton are still grappling with the shadow of our "post-ed" self, reflected in both popular cultural imagery and distorted cultural analyses. Development and Dependency in Ravaged Haiti: Food This paper examines the contemporary history of American Sovereignty or Garment Exports? Jose Maria Alban, 'spectral' feminisms, which dart through the neo-liberal University of California, Berkeley imaginary and carve spaces against which feminist activism, NGOs and pathways to women’s empowerment in Bangladesh: scholarship, and research reside. The post-feminist effect BRAC and Nijera Kori Heesu Chung, UC Berkeley provides a critical lens from which to view our recent past and frame an alternative, critical vision of future feminisms. In this Discussant: paper, I explore the emergence of postfeminisms in the popular Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University press in the wake of the original New York Times editorial 100. Committee on the Status of Women announcing the birth of postfeminism. This reframing of feminism launched an array of commentaries, many of which Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting proclaimed the death of feminism. Instead, the terrain of gender Committee meeting politics diversified with the emergence of 3rd wave feminisms. 1:45 to 3:15 pm Using a comprehensive content analysis of pop cultural texts Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B from the 1980s and early 1990s, juxtaposed against recent pop Session Organizer: cultural endorsements by a new generation of feminists, I Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University examine the neo-liberal and popular discourses of postfeminism, and their subsequent impact on gender politics. Specifically, I Member: argue that with the emergence of postfeminisms, sex became the Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Anchorage terrain upon which debates about feminist body politics played Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico out between and among feminists, gender scholars, and in the Katrina Kimport, UC San Francisco popular imaginary. Brenda Wilhelm, Colorado Mesa University 102. Globalization: Media, Culture, and Nation Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona Globalization Amanda Admire, University of California, Riverside Formal research session 101. Feminisms 1:45 to 3:15 pm Gender Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D Formal research session Session Organizer: 1:45 to 3:15 pm Rebecca S. K. Li, The College of New Jersey Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C Presider: Session Organizer: William Andrew Hayes, Gonzaga University Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah Participants: Presider: Developing National AIDS Responses Nolan Phillips, Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University Bloomington University of California, Irvine Participants: A massive network of global and local institutions direct foreign From Theory to Praxis: The Inclusion of Women of Color into a aid in the fight against the global spread of HIV/AIDS, yet we White Feminist Organization Alexandra Ornelas, University know little about how the primary point of national contact - the National AIDS Commission – is established. Similarly, the and developing countries. A special brand of literature of under propagation and proliferation of multisectoral AIDS strategies developed and developing countries got international are taken for granted without empirical work that examines these recognization as a literature of protest. After the decline of global processes. Using related theory on the spread of British supremacy, new facets of post – colonialism emerged and institutional forms, I examine the causes in the formation of literature became the voice of the voiceless. There is a mad rush National AIDS Commissions as well as the spread of for so called economic progress. Cut throat competition, fear of multisectoral AIDS strategies. I argue that the broadening of failure and loss came to be reflected in modern literature. Logic development to include health produces an alternative diffusion and rationality became blunt tools and so there is a rise of pathway based on theorized heterogeneity in the world polity. existentialism and absurdity. T.S. Eliot’s poetry ‘On The Whole’ Using event-history analyses of primary national and global data, epitomizes the condition of a modern man. For Eliot, April is not I test the influences of key political, health, economic, and world a month of pleasure or positive thought. It is the cruelest month. society variables against my argument. The results demonstrate Evening is not romantic evening but it is like a patient etherized a diffusion process that departs from established accounts of on an operation table. Love song of J. Alfred Profrock is a global diffusion: models spread quickest to peripheral nations testimony of the experiences and images of modern life. The and are then adopted globally. Moreover, the advent of UNAIDS world is no more the garden of Eden. It is the waste land. Joyce, and its subsequent activities are highly influential for the type of Kafka and D.H. Lawrence captured the modern reality in their strategies and institutional forms that countries pursue. These works. Man has lost his identity and freedom. The self becomes a results suggest not only that National AIDS Commissions are shadow. A man finds himself transformed into an insect. In formed to address high rates of HIV but also that particular types Kafka’s classic ‘the metamorphosis’ the trial and castle present a of global connections matter more for less-developed countries. horrid picture of modern man. Joyce rewrites homer’s Odyssey Future research should examine the specific strategies countries in his master piece ‘Ulysses’ and D.H. Lawrence advocates falic pursue, and more broadly, it should explore additional – consciousness as the true path of salvation for the modern man. institutions and policies that have been linked with development Modernization has demolished the Aristotelian concept of plot. to determine if the development regime has similar effects in We have plot less novels, absurd plays like Waiting for Godot. other fields. Action doesn’t progress Novels do not follow a liner pattern. Costa Rica: Still an Exception? Susan Mannon, University of Direct narration is replaced by stream of consciousness the Pacific techniques. Marks of punctuations become irrelevant and the last 50 pages of Ulysses is an open challenge to the traditional form This presentation will consider recent debates about whether of narration. Modernization redefined womanhood and feminism Costa Rica remains a Central American "exception." Long became a powerful torrent in the area of modern literature. considered a social democratic standout in a region characterized Women came out of the four walls of the house, questioned by war and poverty, Costa Rica has built an international patriarchy and asserted that they are independent individuals and reputation for being different from its Central American represented their identity in novels, drama and poetry. Virginia neighbors. This reputation has allowed it to attract a number of Woolf wrote ‘A Room of One’s Own’ and opened unexplored foreign investors and tourists, which has been central to its avenues of a modern women. Modernization completely neoliberal economic approach since at least the 1990s. separated an individual from society. Modern man concluded that Paradoxically, as the country has moved in a neoliberal direction, society is not a comforting force but an oppressive force. So, he it has eroded the basis of its so-called "exceptionalism." The defined the so – called moral and religious codes of society. As a presentation will consider this paradox, explore recent events that result literature become the literature of introspection. The have challenged the neoliberal model, and put into context the modern society has lost the sense of fraternity and economic very idea of Costa Rican "exceptionalism." In doing so, it will aspect of an individual become more important. In social attempt to enrich scholarly understanding of this small, but relations, social books and religious books are replaced by reknowned Central American nation. passbooks and cheque books, debit cards and credit cards, Impact on Modernization on Literature & Society Nileshkumar branded clothes, shoes have become buzzword of a modern man. Laxmanbhai Megha, J.V. Arts & M.C. Patel Commerce Personal relationship and genuine friendship have become out of college, Muval, Ta Padra, Dist Vadodara, India fashion. The arrival of computer has recreated the real society by Modernization is a great force which has changed socio – replacing it with social – media networking like Facebook, economic and cultural life across the globe. It has compelled us Whatsapp, Viber, Twitter, blog etc. The real society is replaced to look at life and literature with interrogation. After the by the virtual society. Homes have turned into guest houses and industrialization and the first world war modernization has weddings have become the show of money, muscle and political reshaped, redefined the concept of man, Literature and society. power. Wedding songs, traditional dance and traditional food are Modernization of literature is an important aspect which replaced by D.J., Bollywood dance and junk food. We have a questions purpose, predicament and anxiety of the modern man. new generation who are sick of the traditional and classical music Different genres of literature emerged and they attempted to of our rich cultural heritage. They are the die – hard fans of dramatize or represent multifaceted complexity of the modern modern cacophony. It can be rightly said that this modernization age. Any form of literature takes its raw material or content from is a story told by an idiot ending in sound and fury signifying the contemporary socio – economic and political content. The nothing. very concept off history is changed. Bio – graphic criticism is 103. Social Movements and Counter Movements at the Point of replaced by textual criticism. Un poetic and un heroic aspects of Inception human life became the focal point of modern literature. Because Social Movements and Social Change of industrial revolution, labour intensive system is replaced by capital intensive system. This gave birth to conflict between man Formal research session and machine. Migration became inevitable in search of job or 1:45 to 3:15 pm employment. Villages became deserted and concrete jungle Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E became the order of the day. Romantic ideas and romantic nature Session Organizer: do not find any outlet in modern poetry and novels. There is a Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus systematic death of community life and deep sense of belonging to a particular version at all levels of public and private Presider: capitalism exploited the poor and the down trodden and therefore Min Zhou, University of Victoria class consciousness became clearly visible at all levels of public Participants: and private institutions. The very concept of victimhood Disposition to Participate in Anti-Japanese Demonstrations in expanded on the horizons of new literature of under developed China: Rationalist, Structural, and Cultural Explanations Min Zhou, University of Victoria; Hanning Wang, University of The politics after catastrophe: understanding the rise of civil Victoria activism in post-Fukushima Japanese society Azumi Tamura, Nationwide anti-Japanese demonstrations have erupted in China University of Bradford periodically in recent years. Due to the lack of relevant This research examines the impact of the Fukushima nuclear sociological research, a key sociological question has gone disaster on the political powerlessness in contemporary Japanese unanswered: what individuals are more disposed to participate in society. Since the failure of the student movement in the 1960s, anti-Japanese demonstrations? This study is intended to answer imagination for social change failed to take a political form in this question. It investigates social factors underlying Japan. While the economic prosperity assured the legitimacy of individuals’ disposition to participate in anti-Japanese the prevailing system for the majority of people, a desire for demonstrations. To this end, we conducted a large-scale survey change for some people took the form of violence or the passive on 1,458 Chinese students from three top universities in Beijing, attitude of waiting for a catastrophic event. The Fukushima including Peking University (PKU), Tsinghua University (THU), disaster in 2011 might be thought of as this ‘event’, a radical and Renmin (People’s) University of China (RUC) in June 2014. crack in the fixated reality. People found that what they had Building upon the social movement literature, we bring together believed as a stable life was illusion. Tens of thousands of people three distinct (rationalist, structural, and cultural or cognitive) were mobilized into the anti-nuclear movements. The author’s perspectives to explain the formation of the disposition to interviews with the post-Fukushima protesters show that they participate in anti-Japanese demonstrations. The disposition is were deeply shocked to find that their political indifference shaped by (1) individuals’ rational decision-making process that harbored a catastrophe, and that emotion helped them to realize considers the efficacy and potential risks of the demonstrations, their responsibility for political commitment. In a complex post- (2) the structural influence from interpersonal networks they are industrial society, political subjects cannot know the impact of embedded in, and (3) the congruence between the meanings their (in)action, and they become reluctant to act for change. Yet attached to the demonstrations and individuals’ own cultural the disaster told us that we need to continue political values. commitment to avoid another tragedy. The author insists that the The Genesis of a Conservative Movement: The Tea Party post-Fukushima anti-nuclear movement implies a new political Movement from Its Inception to the Elections of 2010 Eric ethics without a notion of an autonomous and conscious subject. Hanley, University of Kansas; Pooya Naderi, University of This new activism seems to be an ongoing experiment in which individuals open themselves up for new connections with the Kansas; Decker Stephanie, Washburn University other people, using their experiences and emotions as impetus for This paper advances the argument that the Tea Party further commitment. phenomenon is best conceived as a highly coordinated party movement led by GOP insiders whose efforts were directed from 104. Issues in Migration the outset toward the takeover of the Republican Party. The Migration/Immigration empirical analysis shows that GOP operatives played a key role Research-in-progress session in the Tea Party movement from the start, organizing 1:45 to 3:15 pm demonstrations that launched the movement in April 2009, Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F leading local groups that coalesced subsequent to those demonstrations, and channeling the energies of the members of Session Organizer: those groups toward the election of radically conservative Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University candidates and the capture of local and state party apparatuses Presider: through the precinct caucus process. Having documented Andreea Nica, Portland State University extensive GOP involvement in the TPM, the paper then considers Participants: the theoretical implications not only in terms of the mobilization of resource but also the definition of goals and the selection of Does Race Matter? Recent Immigrant Students’ Perceptions of means to achieve them. Educational Inequality Duke Austin, California State Splitters!: Lessons from the Father of Secular Humanism and University, East Bay; Amanda Bracamontes, California the Most Hated Woman in America on Cultivating a Social State University, East Bay; Filip Lopes, California State Movement Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; University, East Bay; Ha Hoang, California State Ryan T. Cragun, University of Tampa University, East Bay There has been much debate surrounding the question of if Previous research is quite clear that recent immigrant status and secular activism constitutes a social movement. High levels of race both individually affect a secondary student’s educational ideological and political diversity, in-fighting, organizational opportunities. However, there has been limited investigation of fragmentation, and the lack of social and cultural cohesions have the compound effect of race and immigration on student been cited as barriers to the formation of a successful secular experiences in secondary education. Since Winter 2013, we have movement. While this is certainly an accurate depiction of the been studying the combined effects of immigrant status and race broader secular community, these tensions are found in all social on students’ own perceptions of educational opportunities in movements, many of which were successful in generating social order to determine how economic and social inequality can be change. In this paper we address key issues related to the ameliorated in this vulnerable and underserved population. We structure of social movements, specifically movement diversity, argue that student perceptions are a critical measure for leadership style, and the management of inter- and intra- determining how their interactions with agents of the school organizational conflict. Drawing on archival data and interviews system frame their experiences in institutions that may be with former and current key personnel from core organizations, unfamiliar to them and their parents. Specifically, the study is we outline and analyze the origin and evolution of the secular evaluating educational inequality for recent immigrant groups of movement. We apply Whittier’s generational model of different racial categories. Our main research question is the movement continuity and change to examine the relationship following: How and to what extent does the racial background of between the cultural milieu, personality, leadership style, and recent immigrant secondary students affect students’ perceptions fragmentation. Our findings illustrate how segmentation and of access to educational opportunities? Our study focuses on polycephaly can occur in movements, and while it is certainly the three geographic areas—the San Francisco Bay Area, New York case that different groups/cells can come into existence without City, and Houston, Texas—three sites of significant historical contention, we argue that contention was instrumental in growing and contemporary immigration. One assistant professor and three the secular movement, concluding that for some movements, California State University, East Bay undergraduate students conflict can be an asset, rather than a liability. have been conducting interviews with recent immigrant high school students in the San Francisco Bay Area. Our PSA presentation will highlight our initial findings from this project. language in order to provide a fair comparison. The study utilizes The Impact of Documentation Status on the Educational the researcher’s proficiency in Hindi and English to conduct Attainment Experiences of Undocumented Latino Students semi-structured interviews with the participants. The timeline for this study to be completed is March 15, 2015. Brittanie Alexandria Roberts, Portland State University The purpose of this thesis is to better understand the perceptions Mothers Across Borders: A Transnational Analysis of Parenting and understandings of undocumented Latino youth and their between Indian Mothers in Edison and Kolkata. pursuits of higher education in. It is primarily concerned with the MADHURIMA DAS, University of Oregon educational issues and opportunities facing these students. This This proposed dissertation is a comparative transnational analysis research explores the impact of Latino students’ perceptions of of parenting, specifically mothering among Indian immigrant legal status barriers on their educational attainment experiences. middle-class mothers in Edison (New Jersey) and middle-class The different opportunities and obstacles present in access to mothers in Kolkata (West Bengal, India). The central research post-secondary education for undocumented Latino students question is how does middle-class parenting in the model of residing in the U.S. are examined. This study focuses on the time Lareau’s (2003) “concerted cultivation” differ in the two period just after high school graduation, a critical stage in these locations? What are the similarities and differences? This students’ lives, when undocumented status is particularly research along with focusing on transnational comparative consequential. Knowledge about students’ perception of their parenting strategies also focuses on middle-class Indian educational progress sheds light on their educational attainment immigrant women who are confined by immigration laws that experiences; it illuminates important factors associated with their inhibit them from legal employment in the United States. These individual educational experiences. Knowing how undocumented women are legal dependents of their husband who are elite Latino youth identify and understand the factors that facilitate or professionals (in Information Technology, investment banking) impede their navigation of post-secondary education, will further in US firms. My research will aim to understand the mechanisms inform educators and researchers alike. This study offers the by which these immigrant women negotiate with this condition possibility of identifying additional factors for educators, of forced dependency. The project will consist of a detailed researchers, and our communities that hinder or facilitate the analysis of the everyday parenting strategies adopted by the educational navigation and success of undocumented students. mothers in two very different cultural settings. This analysis will This type of research is significant as this marginalized be based on in-depth interviews with middle-class mothers in population of students lives and works within the American both the regions. This project will focus on the various ways society; the successes and struggles of these students impacts the “concerted cultivation” is molded based on the demands of the United States as a whole. Moreover, these students possess immediate socio-cultural setting and the conditions under which amazing potential; we need to better understand and serve this concerted cultivation is shaped. Hence in my research I will aim population in order to both improve their life experiences, and to to understand the role of mothers as “converters” of capital in benefit from their input and abilities. these families and how conversion differs across the two From the Iron Cage to ‘La Jaula de Oro’ : A cultural analysis locations. The contribution of this project is not only it’s on the music of Los Tigres del Norte Liliana V Rodriguez, transnational scope but also it’s focus on middle-class parenting especially within Indian immigrant enclaves. UC Santa Barbara The music of Los Tigres del Norte, a famous and highly Social Determinants of Remitting Practices among Bangladeshi acclaimed Norteño group, is known to be politically motivated Migrants in Japan Hasan Mahmud, University of California and fully charged with an anti-discriminatory discourse aimed at Los Angeles empowering a marginalized community in the United States. Why do migrants send remittances? – In answering this question, With many music awards under their belts, this group this paper outlines an analytical model to study how society undoubtedly has become one of the most famous and popular determines remitting practices adopting a Durkheimian multigenerational bands not only in Mexico but also in the U.S. perspective. Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic Although their music ranges from themes of Mexican drug lords fieldwork among Bangladeshi migrants in Tokyo, it analyzes the to love affairs, it is the impact of their music on illegal social determinants of remitting practices. It recognizes social immigration that is the focus of this paper. They are known as relations between the migrants and their family and relatives as “the voice” of the undocumented worker for using their music as essential foundation for remitting to occur, while migrants’ a vehicle to create social consciousness on the issue of adherence to social norms, separation from family due to immigration. Their music carries forth a progressive political immigration policies and social exclusion in Japan, and prospects agenda on behalf of Latino immigrants. In this paper, I argue for permanent settlement cause variations in qualitatively distinct that their music serves as a cultural object not only for the remitting practices. While the norm of providing financial undocumented community in the U.S. but for the Latino support to the family caused everyone to send money to community in general, as the music plays on nostalgic factors Bangladesh, the migrants’ different motivations for investment capable of linking listeners to their heritage and roots. Using demonstrated the differential impact of societal pressure. Hence, Wendy Griswold’s (2013) cultural diamond approach to they would engage in conformist remitting, social remitting, analyzing culture, my goal is to provide a concrete analysis of the entrepreneurial remitting, or did not remit in absence of social music of Los Tigres del Norte in understanding how this form of relations in Bangladesh. art, more than entertainment, can be considered a cultural Discussant: phenomenon of its time. Andreea Nica, Portland State University Implications of first language attrition in third generation East Indians Rani Mirabella, St. Mary's College of California 105. Poster Session II Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Poster Submissions This bi-national study explores the extent of first language attrition and its implications among granddaughters living in Poster session India (non-immigrants) compared to those living in the United 1:45 to 3:15 pm States (immigrants). It examines the differences in relationships Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer between grandmother and granddaughter who share proficiency Session Organizer: in a common language with those who speak only minimum Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College utterances of the shared language. There are two sample sets for this study; one in Pune, India and the other in the San Francisco Participants: Bay Area of the United States. Each sample set includes (Mis)representation of women and their participation in sports: grandmothers and teenage granddaughters. The sample sets are A media analysis Zoe Nero, CSU EAST BAY further stratified by the level of proficiency in the shared An analysis of the effect of hookup apps on gay culture Blake 109. Can you Dig it? Data-Mining Strategies on Race-Ethnicity Shannahan, Tarrant County College Member and Committee Organized Sessions Behind the Boob-Window: Problematizing Narratives of Workshop or demonstration session Gender and Sexuality in Comic Books Sarah Hartwig, 3:30 to 5:00 pm Gonzaga University Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific Female Expressions of Beauty in Western Africa Kathleen E CREM sponsored workshop on Census data mining Greaver, Linfield College Session Organizer: Gender Shock: The Hidden Gender Curriculum of Studying Sergio Romero, Boise State University Abroad Mary Faley, Gonzaga University Discussant: Gender and Hooking Up: From One Night Stands to "Catching Jerry B. Wong, U.S. Census Bureau Feelings" Angela Cowley, Western Washington University 110. Creative Instructional Stategies and Methods Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts: Socialization and Gender Teaching Sociology Expectations as Conveyed Through Merit Badges Amy Paper Session Stavig, Western Washington University 3:30 to 5:00 pm Military Service and Body Weight: A comparison of Female Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A Veterans and Civilians Using NLSY97 Longitudinal Data Session Organizer: Jasmine Strode-Elfant, Western Washington University Richelle Swan, CSUSM Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: Normalization of Presider: unhealthy diet and exercise behaviors among college women Elizabeth Bennett, Central New Mexico Community College Sadie Ridgeway, Gonzaga University Participants: The Cult of Thinness: An Examination of Young Women's But WHY?: An exercise for helping students learn how to make Perceptions and Behaviors of Eating, Dieting, and Staying arguments Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Thin At A Small Private College Catherine Victoria Nevius, Calgary Gonzaga University Small children always seem to have an answer to the question 106. Committee on the Status of LGBTQ Persons in Sociology “why?” However, by the time students reach university, they Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting often seem to have lost the ability to make reasoned arguments. Instead they appear to be focused on memorizing facts and are Committee meeting often stymied by the question “Why is this information 3:30 to 5:00 pm important?” I feel that being able to make good arguments is Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor A essential to the development of the critical thinking skills that Session Organizer: help students be successful, not only in their academic activities, Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University but also in pursuit of their career goals. Therefore, in response to the struggles my students have had with making effective Member: arguments on essay questions on tests and on written Vivian Varela, Mendocino Community College assignments, particularly in introductory sociology classes, I Maura Kelly, Portland State University have developed a little exercise, using some props from my 107. Committee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties sociological toolbox, that has been very effective in helping my Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting students learn to make better arguments. I would like to share this exercise with my colleagues, so that they, too, might have Committee meeting another strategy to help students develop this vital critical- 3:30 to 5:00 pm thinking skill! Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor B It's Not the End of the World: Teaching Our Students to Learn Session Organizer: From Their Mistakes Adam G. Sanford, California State Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University University, Dominguez Hills Member: For the Millennial generation, childhood and adolescent Sharon K Davis, University of La Verne experiences of high-stakes standardized testing, helicopter Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State University parenting, and the self-esteem movement create problems for Carol Ward, Brigham Young University their success in college and in life. These three factors create a Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly Pomona "perfect storm" of problems, centered around risk-taking and Becky Beal, California State University East Bay mistake-making. High-stakes standardized testing instills a heightened fear of making mistakes, while helicopter parenting Susan Palmer, Walla Walla Community College and the self-esteem movement shield students from any real 108. Nominations Committee experience with handling mistakes and their consequences. Since Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting the college and adult worlds require making mistakes and Committee meeting learning from them, students with these experiences do not learn effectively. This paper presents some best practices for using 3:30 to 5:00 pm course projects and class activities to teach students how to make Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor C mistakes and learn from the experience. Session Organizer: No Sugar, No Grains: Understanding Structure and Agency Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University through Experiential Learning James Courage Singer, Utah Member: State University Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon Many middle-class university students have a skewed perception Judy Howard, University of Washington of the influence of structure on their lives. Because many of them Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University have been socialized to accept individualist-centered ideologies Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las Vegas (i.e. American Dream), they overestimate their own individual Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver power. To better illustrate the agency-structure relationship, an experiential learning activity lasting about one month is proposed to two different introductory sociology courses (n=150). The Their Implications for Juveniles Tried in Criminal Court Eva activity requires students to adopt recent medical advice calling Alvizo, California State University Fullerton for the rejection of the Standard American Diet (SAD). Parameters for the activity are the adoption of a low-carb diet Using Social Media for Social Good Eileen Walsh, California through the elimination of sugar and grains and keeping a daily State University Fullerton journal of the activity, paying special attention to the structure 112. Applying for Jobs in Academia that pushes them to conform or deviate. Since most products in Professional Development the store contain some kind of sugar, primary and secondary Workshop or demonstration session groups pressuring them to conform to the SAD, and a barrage of media advertisements that uphold the SAD, students often have a 3:30 to 5:00 pm difficult time adhering to the abstention of sugar and grains. The Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C failure rate for the first semester was over 90 percent. Results Session Organizer: show that students gained a better understanding of the structure- Cynthia Siemsen, California State University, Chico agency relationship while simultaneously learning about Presider: socialization. This activity can be tied into other sociological concepts, such as institutional racism, class relations, Nelta Edwards, University of Alaska Anchorage ethnocentrism, and solidarity. Participant: Twitter in the Classroom: Impacting Students' Engagement, Applying for Jobs in Academia Todd Migliaccio, CSUS; Karen Group Cohesion, and Sociological Application Lucas L Pyke, University of California, Riverside; Amy J. Orr, Hanna, University of Northern Colorado; Kelly L Davis, Linfield College; Sally Raskoff, Los Angeles Valley College; University of Northern Colorado Jennifer Murphy, CSUS The purpose of this study is to determine whether using social While the experience for applying for jobs is a stressful media as a teaching aid encourages students to apply sociological experience, this panel offers information to potential applicants concepts practically. This study investigates how social media by offering insight into common pitfalls when applying and increases student interest in the sociological material, student interviewing for academic positions. In particular, faculty from engagement, and group cohesion within the students taking the different institutions (community college, CSU, liberal arts, UC) class. One hundred and thirty introductory level sociology present specific issues that commonly come up at their students participated in this mixed methods study. One class of institutions, highlighting for applicants that each institution may 65 students was randomly assigned to participate in a series of have a different set of interests from applicants. assignments that involved using sociological concepts to do 113. Health Care Systems and Practice analysis of popular culture through the medium of Twitter. The Medical Sociology and Health control group, another class of 65 students, is participating in a similar assignment but without the use of Twitter. Students from Formal research session both groups completed a pre and post survey to determine their 3:30 to 5:00 pm willingness to participate in a series of assignments using Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Twitter, their current social networking habits, and how effective Session Organizer: they believe social media is as a teaching tool. Differences Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University between the pre and post surveys will be compared to measure student interest and willingness to use social media as an Presider: educational instrument. Additionally, students from both groups CHARLENE SHELTON, University of Colorado Denver will complete an abbreviated form of the National Survey of Participants: Student Engagement and results will be compared to determine Rural seniors’ medication access: The problem of structural whether using Twitter in the classroom effected student health literacy CHARLENE SHELTON, University of engagement. Finally, the researchers will observe the cohesion Colorado Denver amongst students in the classroom using selected items from the National Survey of Student Engagement. Data collection is set to Seniors who live in rural areas often encounter barriers to be complete by December 1, 2014. medication access. In this study, low-income seniors from the San Luis Valley, a remote area in southern Colorado, were 111. Using Research for the Common Good interviewed about their experiences in accessing their Member and Committee Organized Sessions medications. Pharmacists and primary care providers were Panel discussion interviewed to understand their perspectives on access barriers. 3:30 to 5:00 pm Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand barriers to Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B medication access and how seniors cope with barriers and inconsistent access. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 20 Session Organizer: low-income seniors and pharmacists and PCPs from each Berna Torr, California State University Fullerton pharmacy and public clinic in the Valley. Using a grounded Presider: theory approach, interviews were coded for barriers and coping Berna Torr, California State University Fullerton strategies. Results: The major barrier to medication access is Participants: seniors’ lack of structural health literacy – the knowledge of how to navigate through structures that determine the availability of Creating Estimates and Projections of Holocaust Victims to resources for medication access. Such structures include Ensure Funding for Care Berna Torr, California State insurance, government policies, and corporate policies. Seniors University Fullerton cope in various ways, some of which affect their ability to adhere Ethnography for Student Success Rima Brusi, California State to their medication regimen. Conclusion: Structural Health University Fullerton Literacy is a new construct within health literacy that has not been previously described. Structural health literacy is a major Can Social Research Advance Peace? Lessons from South component of seniors’ ability to access medications and adhere to African Democratization for the Israeli /Palestinian conflict: prescribed treatments. Public health professionals are best poised A Frame Analytic Approach Alan Emery, Cal State to educate seniors about how to understand and navigate Fullerton; Donald Will, Chapman University structural barriers inherent in programs such as Medicare. Juvenile Competence to Stand Trial: An Analysis of the Without basic education on how programs function and the Construction and Labels of Competency / Incompetency and benefits to which seniors are entitled, medication access will remain a problem for seniors. determine if they were Research suggests communities that Perpetuating Reductionist Medicine thru Clinical Practice establish an agreed upon model of measuring community Guidelines Manuel Vallee, University of Auckland wellbeing will benefit by having an increase in public involvement in local decision-making, and larger capture of Mainstream medicine tends to frame disease in reductionist material wealth and empowerment over resource management. terms, emphasizing genetic defects and/or lifestyle choices, while The core problem is that while many communities have started to de-emphasizing contextual causes of disease (such as toxicant develop ways to evaluate wellbeing, there is a lack of research on exposures, access to nutritious foods, and neighbourhood the various models in the Arctic. There are several unique effects). For example, while mainstream medical depictions of challenges to developing a model in Arctic communities such as breast cancer emphasize genetic defects (even though the US the clash between mainstream and Indigenous definitions of government claims genes only account for 10% of breast cancer wellbeing, the lack of data and small population sizes. For this cases), they downplay, and in some cases, completely ignore the study I conducted an in-depth search for publically available role of exposures to harmful toxicants (Steingraber, 2009). To models in Alaska and Yukon and conducted semi-structured shed light on the phenomenon I examine the 2011 Clinical interviews with experts. Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While previous research demonstrated the 114. Author Meets Critic: Victor Rios Punished: Policing the way reductionist paradigms are perpetuated by mainstream media Lives of Black and Latino Boys (NYU 2011) (Brown et al. 2001) and the medical profession in general Member and Committee Organized Sessions (Steingraber, 2009), CPGs have been underanalyzed. This is a Author-meets-critic format significant lacunae because CPGs are an instrument through 3:30 to 5:00 pm which mainstream medicine attempts to systematically influence clinical practice. Moreover, their number has grown Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A exponentially over the last forty years, with an estimated 2000 Session Organizer: guidelines now in existence. Regarding ADHD, over the last Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona forty years environmental health researchers have found ADHD Presider: symptoms are associated with exposures to a growing number of Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University different toxicants, including lead, mercury, cadmium, PCBs, dioxins, organophosphate pesticides, and tobacco smoke. Yet, Discussants: very little of this research has made its way into mainstream Victor Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara medicine’s depiction of the disorder, or its treatment guidelines. Cid Martinez, University of San Diego In trying to account for this discrepancy I draw on Brown and Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced colleague’s (2001) concept of “dominant epidemiological Dan Morrison, Pepperdine University paradigms,” and Lisa Cogrove’s work (2006) on conflicts of interest in medicine. 115. A Sociology of Faculty Unions in Higher Education Restricted Opportunities: An Exploration of Electronic Health Presidential Sessions Record Use by Women in Medical School Monica Cuddy, Panel discussion University of Delaware; Barret Michalec, University of 3:30 to 5:00 pm Delaware Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B Medical education historically has restricted opportunities for Session Organizers: women wanting to become physicians in the United States. A Wendy Ng, San Jose State University contemporary example of where educational opportunities may Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach be limited for women is in the use of electronic health records Presider: (EHRs), particularly within surgical training settings where Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach systems of gender inequality traditionally have excluded, marginalized, and devalued female students. While the Panelists: Association of American Medical Colleges recently emphasized Michael Dreiling, University of Oregon the importance of providing students with hands-on experiences Jose Padin, Portland State University within EHRs, little is known at the national level about the Martin Manteca, SEIU Local 721 degree to which medical students use EHR systems and if this Lillian Taiz, Cal State Los Angeles utilization varies by gender. Therefore, this study focuses on Jennifer Jean Reed, University of Nevada, Las Vegas medical students in surgery rotations and explores potential gender differences in EHR use. It situates medical education as a 116. Undergraduate Roundtables III: Crime, Law, and Deviance location in which structural constraints and individual decision- I; Sociology of Education II; Gender III; Social Movements making processes interact to create opportunities and obstacles and Social Change; Sport and Leisure; Lifecourse, Youth, and for students. Survey responses related to EHR use for 3,606 Aging students from 149 US medical schools who graduated in 2012 or 3:30 to 5:00 pm 2013 were analyzed. Multilevel modeling techniques were used Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A to examine the effect of student gender on EHR use, after accounting for other student- and school-level effects. Results 116-1. Crime, Law, and Deviance indicate that males in surgery rotations were 1.3 times more Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable likely than females to enter information into an EHR. Submissions Interestingly, no gender-related differences were observed in Roundtable presentation session other clinical rotations. The reasons for these findings are beyond the scope of the present analysis. However, fewer opportunities Session Organizer: for active participation in EHR systems may ill-prepare women Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College for postgraduate training as well as for safe and effective Participants: practice. As Seen on TV: Forensic Science on the Screen versus In the Northern Exposure: A comparison study of Alaska and Yukon Courtroom Bailey Jane Nash, Gonzaga University models of measuring community wellbeing Kent Gordon Dean's List Delinquents: Techniques of Neutralization and Spiers, University of Calgary Deviance in Private University Students Mararita Bray, The main objective of this study was to examine models of Gonzaga University measuring community wellbeing in Alaska and Yukon to Romance and Revenge: A Gender Study of Deviant California-Berkeley Neutralizations After Breakups Christopher Joseph Fucile, The Transformation of Tibetan Identity Jia Mang, Linfield Gonzaga University College Sports Participation and Anti-Social Conduct among High Discussant: School Students Paul Warner, University of Portland Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands Discussant: 116-5. Sociology of Sport and Leisure Lori Fazzino, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable 116-2. Sociology of Education II Submissions Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Roundtable presentation session Submissions Session Organizer: Roundtable presentation session Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Session Organizer: Participants: Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Shark Attack Victims: a Sociological Perspective Ashley Rose Participants: Florian, Humboldt State University Factors that influence transfer rates among California The Social Role and Influence of Music on Sports and Leisure community college students Adrian Luis Trinidad, Participants Havalind Farnik, California State University, University of Southern California East Bay Fourth and Goal: A Comparative Analysis of Student-Athlete Discussant: Educational and Social Experiences Sean Khalifehzadeh, Matthew Atencio, California State University East Bay University of California, Berkeley 116-6. Life Course, Youth and Aging Intercultural Ambassadors: Foreign Students’ Conflict and Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Expectations Revisited Luz Elena Cortes, Boise State Submissions University Roundtable presentation session Discussant: Session Organizer: Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College 116-3. Gender III Participants: Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Aging Out of Youth Culture: An Exploration of Lifestyle and Submissions Career Choices in ‘Punk’ Adults Micah K Carlson, Roundtable presentation session University of California, Riverside Session Organizer: Definitions of Adulthood and Coming-of-Age Consumerism in Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College the US and Japan Madison Munn, Whitman College Participants: Facilities for Children of Inmates: A Look at Community It's All Just Tubes and Goo Deep Down: Redoing Gender in Reunification Strategies within Programs Jamaeca Dedrick, Polyamorous Relationships Aubrey Limburg, Portland State Humboldt State University University Homeless migratory youth: Why do they leave and where do The Saliency of Gender in Sex Trafficking Katelyn Henson, they go? Alanna Panter, Whitworth University Linfield College What's There To Cheer About?: How Does Cheerleading Affect Unpretentious Northwest Rape Culture: An Analysis of the Young Girls Of Color's Identity Sekani Robinson, California Formation and Nature of Whitman College’s Rape Culture State Polytechnic University, Pomona Sayda Valentina Morales, Whitman College Discussant: Women Soldiers: Aspirations vs. Limitations in the 21st Brenda Wilhelm, Colorado Mesa University Century Joseph Anton Yasen Shorma, University of Portland 117. Publications Committee Masculinity and the Cultural Influences on Machismo in Latino Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Males Gregory Topete, CSU Stanislaus Committee meeting Discussant: 3:30 to 5:00 pm Amy Miller, Linfield College Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B 116-4. Social Movements and Social Change Session Organizer: Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Submissions Member: Roundtable presentation session Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento Session Organizer: Kari Lerum, University of Washington Bothell Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Natalie Boero, San Jose State University Participants: David Boyns, California State University, Northridge Awareness as a Movement Jennifer Burkhard, California State James Joseph Dean, Sonoma State University University Xuan Santos, California State University, San Marcos Identity and Civic Engagement: Studying Civic Responsibility Celia Winkler, University of Montana and Intersectional Political Awareness among South LA Ellen C Berg, CSU Sacramento Youth Luna White, University of Southern California Manuel Barajas, California Statue University Sacramento Robert M O'Brien, University of Oregon Minority Mobilization and Political Participation: An Analysis James Elliott, Rice University of Occupy the Hood Jennifer Segura-Diaz, University of Eileen Otis, University of Oregon Jean Stockard, University of Oregon justify rape and blame survivors of rape. Previous research links strongly held beliefs in rape myths to sexual aggression, hostility 118. Men and Masculinities towards women, and sex role stereotyping. The second part of Gender my proposed research will follow up with a male sample of UCR Research-in-progress session students who strongly believe in rape myths in order to assess the 3:30 to 5:00 pm relationship between those beliefs and the men’s Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C conceptualizations, communications, and interpretations of their Session Organizer: own and their partner’s sexual consent. My research will also build upon recent research by using qualitative methods to Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah examine this sample of male UCR students’ use of aggressive Presider: and deceptive behaviors prior to and during sexual activity, such Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado Boulder as physical force, coercion, and lies. Participants: Gunning for Manhood: Firearms and the Construction of "Hey, You! Get your damn hands off her!": How masculinity Militarized Masculinity William Rocque, University of affects the performance and the perceptions of women Redlands cosplayers in popular culture conventions. Bernabe This study explores online gun culture and the ways in which Rodriguez, California State University, Fullerton firearms are used to construct a certain type of masculine identity San Diego Comic Con is a large gathering of the popular arts. steeped in militarism and traditional ideas of men as protectors of Attendance to this convention is increasing, and has reached an family and nation. One important image found in contemporary average of 130,000 people within the last couple of years. There gun culture is that of the “citizen soldier,” which harkens back to are many norms that exist within this subculture. One of the most colonial times when every able-bodied man was required to popular is cosplay, which is a combination of costume and play. report for militia duty. This figure is a vital link between guns, Men and women both engage in this fun behavior, but the masculinity, and nationalism in that it may be used to construct experience is not the same. Women are more likely to be groped, identities that are at once patriotic and fully masculine viz a viz harassed, and approached to take photographs without consent. gun ownership. The militarization of US culture and the Why are there some men who act this way among women valorization of military masculinity as the ideal masculinity cosplayers? This research seeks to add to the literature on confirms guns a necessary part of being a man within the broad conventions by addressing some key points. First, by asking men narrative of violence as the ultimate resort for settling scores or to explain the importance these conventions have in their life as achieving justice. Moreover, alternative forms of masculinity that fan of popular culture. Second, by viewing how men understand do not embrace guns are marginalized and subordinated as being the act of cosplay, and why it is important within con culture. lesser forms of masculinity. Thus, guns are involved in processes Third, trying to understand how men perceive women who of gender policing, narrowing options for men and normalizing cosplay, and how this results in troublesome behavior for violent masculinity. women, that will ultimately ruin their experience within The Transition from Fear to Privilege?: How Trans Men conventions. Experience Fear of Victimization Lou Baker, Northern Bodies, Booze, and Bros: An Ethnographic Study of Arizona University Hegemonic Masculinity and Las Vegas Day Clubs The aim of this paper is to understand how transgender men Christopher Vito, University of California Riverside; Julisa experience fear of crime, particularly fear of sexual violence, as McCoy, University of California Riverside they transition from female to male. Trans men are men who were assigned to the female sex category at birth, but While there has been substantial literature on the social individually and socially identify as male. For the purpose of construction of gender at nightclubs, the difficulty in accessing this study my focus will be on trans men who live publically as insider status at Las Vegas day clubs provides a significant male in their everyday lives. This is a significant factor because contribution to the literature. Using theories of the social regardless of a person’s individual gender identity, it is their construction of gender and hegemonic masculinity, this article perceived gender that guides social interaction. Because trans identifies three central themes identified through participant men were assigned female at birth, they learn “do gender” as observation at Las Vegas day clubs. First, day clubs are a unique female. A key aspect of doing gender as female involves site of the construction of masculinity through the body. Second, internalizing normative expectations of women as weak and they provide a site of gender hierarchy and hegemonic submissive in opposition to the dominance of men. Women learn masculinity among men. Finally, they are important in about the threat of sexual violence at an early age and internalize understanding group interaction both between and amongst men. codes of behavior in order to avoid victimization. Although, fear College Men's Conceptualization, Communication, and can be influenced by a number of factors research shows that Interpretation of Sexual Consent Logan Z Marg, University being a woman has a significant effect on fear of crime. I of California-Riverside question whether trans men internalize this fear prior to transition Though a wealth of research has examined various aspects of and, if so, how it is altered by the adoption of a male identity. To sexual violence and sexual assault, there has been very little explore this topic I will conduct semi-structured interviews with research on the social construction of sexual consent or how approximately seven trans men. I will then transcribe the culture influences perceptions of sexual consent. Of the limited interviews and use an inductive approach to analyze the research on sexual consent, few studies rely on qualitative transcripts for themes. methodology. It is not well understood how sexual consent is 119. Globalization, Development, and Instability conceptualized, communicated, and interpreted in specific Globalization contexts and among ethnically/racially diverse populations. Conceptualization refers to how sexual consent is defined and Research-in-progress session thought of, communication refers to how sexual consent is 3:30 to 5:00 pm communicated to partners, and interpretation refers to how and in Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D what ways a partner’s sexual consent is understood and Session Organizer: interpreted. To fill these gaps, the first part my proposed research Rebecca S. K. Li, The College of New Jersey will utilize quantitative methods to examine the rape myth Presider: acceptance attitudes of an ethnically diverse sample of male students at the University of California-Riverside (UCR). Rape Rebecca S. K. Li, The College of New Jersey myths are highly prevalent attitudes and beliefs that serve to Participants: Analyzing the Relationship between Globalization and the concerned about “quality” of life and “qualitative” people. Development of the Educational Spheres of Developing 120. Legislative and Political Party Activism Countries. Ronald James Evans, University of Nevada, Reno Social Movements and Social Change Debate over the merit of globalization often hinges upon the Research-in-progress session perceived economic benefits that are claimed to be accelerated in 3:30 to 5:00 pm developing societies. However long term economic benefits Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E depend upon the sustainability and stability of a nation’s economy, and a sustainable economy depends upon the nation’s Session Organizer: ability to educate its workforce to the extent that they can fulfill Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus the various roles required to maintain a global economy. In this Presider: sense, understanding the link between globalization and the Genevieve Minter, University of Nevada Las Vegas educational development of developing societies is of paramount importance. Similar to the point that sustainability is a critical Participants: component of a developing nation’s perceived economic growth, Framing Breed Specific Legislation Genevieve Minter, sustainability is likewise an important factor in the change University of Nevada Las Vegas experienced in the educational sphere of the developing nation. This paper explores the frame alignment of Breed Specific In this sense, the development of the educational sphere cannot Legislation (BSL) laws that regulate and ban certain high-risk be understood merely through an analysis of its results, but must dog breeds. In the 1980’s, rates of dog bites, maulings, and also factor in structural issues that dictate its lasting effect on fatalities increased, most of which has been attributed to the pit society. This paper combines these two approaches of bull (Wiess, 2001). BSL supporters claim that pit bulls are understanding the educational sphere by not only looking at genetically dangerous, and argue to enact laws to muzzle, performance based measures such as literacy and enrollment spay/neuter, fence, insure, license and restrict ownership, and/or rates, but by also examining structural qualities of the ban breeding practices to humanely phase out this breed. educational sphere such as funding origins and demographic Conversely, those in opposition to BSL support the contention shifts. In this study I examine the effect of globalization on the that BSL is ineffective, reactionary, and fails to address the development of the educational spheres of developing countries. complexity of the issue such as breed misidentification, Globalization and Instability in Syria Rebecca S. K. Li, The irresponsible ownership, and media sensationalism. This paper College of New Jersey proposes a content analysis of the most recent data on dog bite The high degree of territorial disintegration experienced by Syria fatalities to inductively explore media portrayals of the dangerous in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising is often attributed to the breed issue and support/opposition to BSL. This project will authoritarian nature of the regime that caused dissatisfaction contribute to the growing body of multi-disciplinary research among the masses and the use of social media that helped surrounding BSL. protestors spread information and communicate among Modifying Death: Death-Awareness as Social Change Nicholas themselves during the uprisings. In this paper, I argue that J Mac Murray, University of Nevada, Las Vegas another force of globalization was also responsible for Individuals, groups and organizations across the United States destabilizing Syria on the eve of the 2011 uprisings. Since the today are working to bring awareness to topics relating to death 1990s, the Assad regime began to implement economic and dying. In diverse ways, these people call attention to the liberalization in an attempt to strengthen Syria’s economy. The social norms and structural arrangements surrounding how death result was increased foreign investment with foreign banks is currently conceptualized and practiced. Taken together, these operating in Syria, allowing higher percentage of domestic banks factions represent a death-awareness campaign. While the to be owned by foreign banks and the entry of multi-national sociology of death is an expanding subfield with many recent banks such as Citi group. The old elite (government workers and elaborations, scholars have yet to examine these topics through supported of socialist policies) were alienated, and the new the lens of social movement theory. Perspectives interested in economic elite benefited as crony capitalists, and the non-elite cultural or life-world politics remind us that social change actors segments alienated as state services deteriorated. The 2008 work to affect change and overcome repression on varying levels global financial crisis brought credit crunch in Syria, causing of the social order, including every day, taken-for-granted, failure of businesses and unemployment to rise. As a result, the normative beliefs and practices. Examining the death- winners of economic liberalization were disenchanted, and consciousness campaign in this way draws attention to the alienated elite and opponents of the regime found new current conditions of death and dying in the U.S. and offers new opportunities to challenge the state. The weakened state political and exciting lines of scholarly consideration for students of social power rendered the Syrian regime, when coupled with rapidly movements as well as the sociology of death. The goal of this growing distribution dynamic—rapid movement of research is not to determine whether or not this campaign meets Marx's Human capital theory and it's controversial use on the the criteria of a social movement. Instead, the focus is on the example of Turkmenistan Sofiya Yuvshanova, Utah State social change these actors are working to bring about, the current University social conditions they hope to modify and the theoretical implications of their actions. For more than 200 years, since the first work of Thomas Malthus on Population increase, people are concerned about influence of The Drug War, Social Movements and the Repeal of Cannabis population growth on economic development. The major concern Prohibition: Changing Public Opinion Sean Boylan, of increased population in the era of globalization is how to Northern Arizona University ensure sustainable development for future generations. The most In the United States, the ideology established by nearly a century potential way to ensure sustainable development is the of harsh, punitive drug policy has affected millions of lives and investment in people, in other words, to “grow” or “build” contributed significantly to unrivaled rates of incarceration. But human capital. Under human capital is considering people, with this ideology is being challenged by social movements and knowledge and skills, as well as health that will allow them to signified by the precedent-setting legalization of recreational adapt to changes of the modern world. Education is not just a cannabis in Washington and Colorado in 2012. As more states simple availability of diploma, but possibility of a person to vote on and pass similar propositions in the next few years, we apply his skills in the changing environment and adapt quickly to will begin to see a markedly different ideological landscape in new requirements, so education should be qualitative. Under the nation that currently leads the War on Drugs. I intend to health, must be taken into account the overall health conditions establish the history of drug policy and specifically cannabis of a persons and not just a simple availability of the medical policy in the United States, and particularly analyze the process services, but the qualitative services. In other words, I’m that has been undertaken in Colorado considering the state of the new policy more than one year into implementation. I will also Berkeley consider the success of social movements in effecting change to We present findings on sources of mental distress and resilience the dominant ideology. Then, I will cast an eye forward to the among 260 Afghan refugees in northern California. Data come implications and repercussions of the path we have set out upon, from the Afghan Community Health Survey conducted in 2007- with attention to the role of social movements concerning 08. We assess the relative influence of pre-migration, external legalization in contrast with the early movements to illegalize. displacement, and resettlement stressors on Talbieh Brief Cannabis policy in the U.S., like the majority of drug prohibition Distress Inventory scores. Resettlement stressors explain more policy, was not implemented for any legitimate medical or public variation in distress levels than pre-migration and external health purpose, but rather on the basis of institutional and displacement stressors combined. Several measures of economic advantage which bears a legacy of race and class-based acculturation are tested, with findings fitting models of dissonant discrimination. It is imperative to our struggle for social justice acculturation and an ‘attenuated’ ethnic orientation. Significant that we consider less punitive drug policy and challenge the resettlement stressors include perceived discrimination, myths of the drug war. maintaining family roles and ties, extended family ties, The Institutionalization of Social Movements: The Case of employment, dissonant acculturation, and gender ideology. Animal Rights Specific Political Parties Internationally Several resettlement stressors are highly gendered. Dissonant Christine Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine acculturation is positively associated with distress for men, but The animal rights movement has existed in some form for over a not for women. Maintaining family roles and ties is a source of century, but more recently this movement has been emerging resilience for women, but not for men. Extended family ties more often in more institutionalized forms. Currently, there are reduce distress for women, but increase it for men. Women with thirteen animal rights political parties in eleven nations. These a non-traditional gender ideology have higher levels of distress, recent developments present an interesting puzzle – why, but non-traditional men have lower distress levels. We theorize particularly in countries with multiple organizations already that divergent sources of distress for men and women reflect dedicated to animal rights, have these political parties formed? structured opportunities to perform salient gender role identities And what causes the formation of these parties, when they are (Thoits 1991) and the gendered shape that dissonant not present in all similar nations? This project seeks to better acculturation has taken in this Afghan community. understand the causal conditions, or possible variables that can Occupational Related Injury and Disability Among contribute to the achievement of a successful outcome, that Unauthorized Latino/a Immigrants in Los Angeles, promote the formation of these specialized political parties. This California Angel Serrano, Univrsity of Southern California study will expand our understandings of political party Although unauthorized immigrants might be encountered at any formation, particularly the development of special-interest level of the labor market, they tend to concentrate in marginal parties, as well as our understandings of the institutionalization and low-wage jobs. At the workplace, their condition as of social movements, an area that is currently under-studied. undocumented render them highly vulnerable to unsafe working Using qualitative comparative analysis and content analysis, this conditions, forced labor, harassment, and working for less than project will focus on the ten Western nations in which twelve the minimum wage. Immigrant workers in general face higher animal rights oriented political parties have been established risk than native workers for occupational injuries and illnesses. between the years 1993 and 2010. Among the Latino immigrant population, occupational injuries 121. Migrant Health are disproportionately present. Under these circumstances, it is Migration/Immigration legitimate to ask what does occur when unauthorized Latino Formal research session immigrants have to deal with a severe occupational related injury? How are their employment lives affected by injury and 3:30 to 5:00 pm disability in a context characterized by precariousness and Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F vulnerability? How do precariousness and work exploitation Session Organizer: relates with disability in their lives? Based on the study of Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University personal narratives, I explore the links among unauthorized Presider: immigration, health and employment on the lives of unauthorized Latino/a immigrants who have experienced severe work related Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside injuries, and those living with an occupational related disability Participants: in Los Angeles, California. The study of the relation among Ethnic Variations in Immigrant Health: An Analysis of Six employment, health and unauthorized immigration is crucial to Immigrant Groups Megan M. Reynolds, University of Utah; understand how structural violence related to social hierarchies of Jen'nan G. Read, Duke University; Alla Chernenko, class, race and citizenship becomes embodied in the form of University of Utah suffering and disease. Leading explanations for immigrant health disparities in the Discussant: United States derive mainly from studies of Mexican immigrants. Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside Despite the rapid growth of immigrant groups from other regions 122. Poster Session III of the world, much less is known about their health profiles. Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Poster Submissions This study uses data from the 2000 through 2007 National Health Poster session Interview Surveys to examine systematically how well theories of immigrant health apply to six groups of immigrants, with a 3:30 to 5:00 pm focus on differences by region of birth. The results reveal Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer tremendous diversity in health patterns across immigrant groups. Session Organizer: Immigrants from Africa and India have much more advantaged Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College health profiles than Mexican immigrants, while European and Participants: Middle Eastern immigrants have health profiles more in line with Mexicans. We test possible explanations for such variability and #Blessed: How college students, religious or non-religious, suggest avenues of future research to more fully understand the interpret or understand the Prosperity Gospel. Kevin increasingly diverse health trajectories of newer immigrant Weigand, Gonzaga University groups. Diversity Disconnect At Universities in the Pacific Northwest: Sources of Distress and Resilience among Afghan Refugees in Folklore, Myths and Misconceptions Hannah Terese the U.S. Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay; Nilofar Sami, UC Whitley, Oregon State University Ethnocide of Deafness Nathaniel Bruce Higby, Whitman Robert W. Reynolds, Weber State University College This paper examines how social statistics instructors choose to Exploring Philanthropic Tourism: A Lesson in Harnessing teach particular statistical techniques, and the roles textbooks, Tourist Dollars for Community Development in Nicaragua pedagogy, and preparation for careers and graduate school play Colin E Woekel, Oregon State University in the decision making process. An online survey was administered to sociology faculty teaching undergraduate social Female Foster Youth's Transition to Independent Living Lucero statistics courses. Questions about how they chose which Noyola, University of Southern California statistical techniques to teach, the instructor’s educational Friends Buy You Beer, Good Friends Buy You Adderall: The background in statistics, and current usage of statistics in their Culture of Prescription Stimulant Use and Abuse at a Private personal research, as well as questions on amount of required University Jaimie Huck, Gonzaga University hand calculations, statistical packages, and textbook choice were also asked. What Box(es) Do I Check?: Negotiating “Mixed” Race Identity Team-Based Learning in Small and Large Classes: Reflection Jacquelyn Urbina, Gonzaga University on Transforming a Social Psychology Course Aya Ida, Motivation or Humiliation?: Examining Teachers’ and California State University - Sacrmaneto Students’ Perceptions of Verbal Abuse in Chinese Middle Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a unique collaborative learning Schools LEI FENG, University of California, Los Angeles method in which students become active rather than passive "The Babysitter as a Family Member or Employee?: A Unique learners and a teacher becomes a guide rather than a performer Case of Altercasting". Michaela Torrie, Chapman University on stage (Sweet and Michaelsen 2012). In this presentation, I "Bridging the Gap: Antiques, Nostalgia and Connecting the will share my experience of transforming two social psychology classes from a traditional lecture-based course to TBL course, Generations" Sarah Persau, Chapman University which varied in size. Following the traditional TBL framework, 123. Innovative Teaching Techniques: A Work Session to Share my course has six units (i.e., topics), and each unit follows four Best Practices steps. At Step 1, students first take a quiz individually based on Member and Committee Organized Sessions assigned reading. Following the quiz, they work on a group quiz Workshop or demonstration session using an IF-AT Form (i.e., a scratch-off card which shows the answer instantly as the team discusses the right answer). Then, 5:15 to 6:45 pm after the quizzes, students work on Question Analysis Report, in Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific which students worked together to either 1) appeal for a question Session Organizer: that was confusing or misleading or 2) develop one question that Toska Olson, The Evergreen State College is based on the textbook, which may appear in the exam. Step 2 Presider: is the shorter version of “traditional” lecture. As the step 1 Rosemary Powers, Eastern Oregon University requires students to read the textbook before and during the class, the lecture is brief. At Step 3, students have two team activities Participants: in which they practice application of any theory, concept, or Map Power: Teaching Globalization Cartographically Lata perspective introduced in the unit: one based on a video and Murti, Brandman University; Michael Moodian, Brandman another based on an assigned application reading. Finally, the University Step 4, a recap lecture takes place as needed to clarify any confusing concept, theory, or idea. Using an Aggregate Point System to Help Students Succeed Elizabeth Bennett, Central New Mexico Community College I Don't See Color: Teaching Race and Racism in Color-Blind Racist Classrooms Anna C. Smedley, University of Nevada, Learning from and Integrating Students’ Experiences through Las Vegas Participatory Education in Large Lecture Classes Karen As our undergraduate student bodies in the U.S. grow Pyke, University of California, Riverside increasingly more racially and ethnically diverse, graduate No Sugar, No Grains: Understanding Structure and Agency students remain largely white. In fact, 74.3% of all doctoral through Experiential Learning James Courage Singer, Utah degrees granted in the 2009-2010 academic year were granted to State University white students (nces.ed.gov). So, while graduate students may very well still be learning about race and ethnicity themselves, 124. Instructional Choices and Course Transformation many sociology graduate students must also learn tools for Teaching Sociology teaching about race, racism, and racism’s multi-dimensional Paper Session nature. In today’s multicultural/post-civil rights society 5:15 to 6:45 pm undergraduate students are the benefactors of equity based Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A policies and initiatives of the civil rights era and decades of anti- Session Organizer: racist work. As a result, many undergraduate students feel far removed from an era of overt racism and do not participate Richelle Swan, CSUSM regularly in anti-racist discourse. In the classroom this can Presider: translate into what Bonilla-Silva calls color-blind racism, the Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento notion that we live in a post-race society where race is no longer Participants: a defining feature and racialized privilege no longer exists. In a color-blind racist classroom students struggle to see that racism Teaching Intro Using Open Access (Free) Resources Daniel happens not just at the individual level, but also at the structural Poole, University of Utah and systemic level, and that racism continues to exists, though In an attempt to alleviate the financial burden of expensive text sometimes difficult to identify because of its ever-changing books for my students, I am working on developing an Intro to nature. Without tools to talk about race and racism in a Sociology course that does not require any paid materials. I am meaningful way, a color-blind racist classroom can be a daunting implementing an Open Educational Resource text book that is space for instructors. In this paper I propose a model for teaching free for anyone to download. I will discuss the benefits, undergraduate students about race and racism that is three tiered. limitations, and lessons learned from engaging this model of First, I suggest introducing students to the application of the instruction. sociological lens by exploring how historical and contemporary T-tests, ANOVAs, and Logistic Regression: Analyzing How social forces influence their own racial and ethnic identities, Statistics Instructors Choose Which Techniques to Teach. paying particular attention to how race is socially constructed and to the concepts of privilege, marginalization, and behavior, women and men do consume and experience intersectionality. Second, I suggest teaching racism from a multi- consumption differently. Recent studies suggest that this is dimensional perspective that includes: individual racism, both especially apparent in sexualized industries; what women look subtle and overt; structural racism; and systemic racism. In this for in sex toy and sexual merchandise shopping follow both phase students can draw from their own lived experiences, normative and non-normative gender/sexual scripts. Further, testimonies of their peers, empirical evidence, and critique larger there is limited data on how sex shops specifically market to their social structures. Finally, once students have tools for thinking customers- especially women. This paper therefore examines the about race and ethnicity sociologically, I suggests using Bonilla- marketing and sales strategies of two local sex shops by focusing Silva’s central frames of color-blind racism to help students on the experiences of actual female customers. Based on my challenge every-day racism in its informal nature. Considering transcriptions, I find that female consumers prefer to shop online that race and racism content is a vital component of introductory or at sex toy parties due to not only discomfiture but lack of level courses in sociology, this model can be a useful tool for product education and store appeal. I argue that although a graduate student instructors who may not be race scholars woman may have a preconceived expectation of her shopping themselves yet want to dialogue about race in meaningful and experience prior to entering the sex shop which may have a instructional ways in the classroom. positive or negative effect on the enjoyment they experience; with the increase in female consumption in the sex industry, it is 125. Sexuality and Intersectionality significant to assess both the experiences of women in sex shops, Sexualities as well as how these establishments incorporate women and Formal research session market specifically to them. 5:15 to 6:45 pm Staying on Script? Sexual Scripts and Sex Education Elizabeth Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B Hauck, Portland State University Session Organizer: Existing research suggests that men and women develop Tracy DeHaan, San Jose State University differing sexual scripts that influence their behavior, interactions Presider: and emotions regarding sex. This project’s objective is to Franklin C Pérez, California State University, Fullerton examine the experiences of men and women with school-based sex education programs, as well as to explore parallel sources of Participants: sex education outside of school. Several studies suggest Queer South Asians in the U.S: Rethinking and Contesting masculine sexual scripts dictate that men generally construct a Belonging Shweta Adur, California State University more body-focused approach to sex, with an emphasis on Fullerton competition, aggression and achievement, coupled with an Contemporary scholarship that examines the relationship apathy towards or a resistance to contraception use. Conversely, between ethnic communities and its queer members emphasized feminine sexual scripts call for a more emotion- overwhelmingly recount narratives and experiences of exclusion focused approach to sex that stresses self-control, resistance and of the latter in their communities. According to this mode of sexual ‘gatekeeping’. One explanation for this is adolescents’ thought, queer racial ethnics invariably face homophobia and experience learning about sex. Gendered messages in sex exclusion in their ethnic communities. Even though this is a education that reproduce dominant sexual scripts have the disturbing and palpable reality; I argue that it is by no means the potential to reinforce sexual double standards that affirm male only model of relationship. Rather in reality, there exists a desire and regulate female desire. While one recent study has nuanced spectrum of negotiations and interactions which existing pointed to the existence of gendered messages in sex education literature leaves little room for imagining and exploring. The films, there is little research on how men’s and women’s findings are based on in-depth interviews of 30 Queer South experiences with formal sex education shape their different Asians in the U.S. - a hitherto understudied group of queer sexual scripts. Acknowledging that the construction of sexual immigrants in the U.S. scripts occurs in a multitude of settings, other more informal sources of sexual learning (i.e. family, peers, and media) are The Intersections of race, class, sexuality, and location in explored in comparison with school-based sex education. Initial liminal and marginal spaces Bobbi-Lee Smart, California findings indicate differences in the ways that men and women State University Dominguez Hills internalize their sex education experiences in school, as well as The location of male revue shows and strip clubs, dancers' important differences in the messages, or scripts communicated performances, and types of dancer/audience interactions, are to them about sex from friends, family and the media. closely tied to race and class. This research examines how race, class, sexuality, and location intersect in male strip clubs and 126. Faculty Time: Fueling and Experiencing the Higher revue shows. It also shows how these venues act as liminal Education Apparatus spaces for the audience and marginal spaces for the employees. Education—Higher Education Nagel (2003) explains that race, class, and sexuality are closely Formal research session tied together in American society and that these ties lead to 5:15 to 6:45 pm sexual divisions. The methods used to understand these Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C relationships were participant observation and in-depth Session Organizer: qualitative interviews with current and former male exotic dancers. This research found that male strip clubs and revue Megan Thiele, SJSU shows are liminal spaces, where women can act as the sexual Presider: aggressors, and marginal spaces, where deviant work for men Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San takes place. The findings illustrate the race, class, and sexual Marcos divisions and hierarchies within the male exotic industry. Participants: Marketing to Female Consumers in Sex Shops: A Qualitative Diversity Disconnect Among Faculty: Folklore, Myths and Analysis Erin Michelle Boyd, New Mexico State University Misconceptions Mikelis Imants Berzins, Oregon State Sex shops are usually frequented by men looking to pursue or University; Dwaine Edward Plaza, Oregon State University purchase pornography, sex toys, masturbatory aids, and similar The objective of this paper is to examine the attitudes, opinions, products. Many shops also offer pay-per-view pornographic beliefs, and understanding about diversity among tenure and films in private rooms that cater primarily to heterosexual men. tenure track faculty at Oregon State University. This paper is Due to recent shifts in sex industry culture and marketing, more women have recently begun to frequent such establishments as based on data collected from a non-random survey of (N=800 customers. Although there are general similarities in consumer faculty) at Oregon State University who indicated their feelings, ideas, and perceptions about diversity within the context of the 127. Latina/o Health university, college, and within their own individual departments. Medical Sociology and Health The survey design allowed for both quantitative and qualitative Formal research session responses on the topic of diversity, with the intent of controlling 5:15 to 6:45 pm for gender, race, length of employment, age, and discipline as factors which influence the degree to which individuals Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A understand diversity. In addition, this study examines (n=10) Session Organizer: additional post-secondary institutions who have diversity mission Karen S Seccombe, Portland State University statements in their strategic plan. Our goal in undertaking this Presider: task is to assess the degree to which other universities understand E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis diversity at the university, at the college level, and within their own individual departments. By exposing common Participants: misconceptions about diversity, this paper will help inform Measures of Acculturation and Their Association to Dietary universities of the best practices for promoting diversity, and Behaviors among Hispanic Adults in the U.S. Erick Lopez, foster better understandings of the wide range of characteristics University of Nevada Las Vegas; Takashi Yamashita, that make up true diversity. University of Nevada Las Vegas Mopping Up: Who Does Faculty Service Work and Who Acculturation to mainstream American culture is associated with Benefits? Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State less healthful dietary behaviors among Hispanic immigrants. University San Marcos; Mary Jo Poole, California State Hispanics in the U.S. face higher rates of chronic conditions such University, San Marcos as obesity and type-2 diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites The service work faculty perform can make a contribution to (CDC 2012). Research has shown that healthy dietary behaviors, equity and diversity efforts. But who does service work, what like greater consumption of fruits and vegetables, offset and kind of work is done, how much time is spent, and how is the reverse many chronic diseases (Van Duyn et al. 2000). In order work recognized? Does the type of work and its raced and to better address existing racial health disparities it is critical to gendered embodiment relate to the ways faculty experience this develop a more nuanced understanding of the association work? We conduct loosely structured interviews of tenure track between acculturation and dietary behavior. However, little is faculty, who are required to do service work, and adjunct faculty, known about which measure of acculturation is most related to who may choose to do, or feel expected to perform, service work. dietary behaviors among Hispanic in the U.S. Previous literature We pay close attention to contemporary issues in neoliberal has identified two key indicators of acculturation: language restructuring of higher education and the professoriate as we spoken at home and length of time in the U.S. The purpose of examine the relationship of service work to educational equity. this research is to examine which measure of acculturation is We hope to contribute to understandings about the feminization most associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables of service work and, as well, the unfair burden of service work, among Hispanic adults in the U.S. Results show that only greater as a form of “cultural taxation” that falls particularly upon faculty use of English at home (p < 0.05) was associated with dietary of color. behaviors. Language spoken at home may be a better indicator of acculturation than length of time in the U.S. because it represents The Impact of Increased Part-time Faculty Employment Cynthia the explicit achievement of a new skill (i.e., the acquisition of a Evelyn Carr, UC Riverside new language) that can further increase assimilation. Language Widespread concern over the increased employment of spoken at home may capture multiple aspects of acculturation contingent and part-time faculty has centered on perceived that result in changes in dietary behaviors. Findings from this threats to the tenure system and to educational quality. While use study are useful for classifying degrees of acculturation among of part-time faculty has been recognized as a business strategy, it Hispanics adults as related to dietary behaviors. has not been tested as such statistically, and so little is known Latina Dementia Caregivers: The Construction of Expert about the effects of part-time faculty employment. This paper uses longitudinal growth curve modelling to analyze 23 years of Caregiver Identities E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC Davis institutional data on 437 colleges and universities from the Delta Up to 70 percent of individuals suffering from dementia in the Cost Dataset to examine the relationship between part-time U.S. are cared for at home and approximately 9.8 million family faculty employment as a growing business strategy and research members take on this responsibility. Dementia caregivers are at production as a growing legitimation strategy. The results of this risk for poor quality of life and declining mental and physical analysis indicate that higher numbers of part-time faculty in health. Latina caregivers report higher levels of burden and relation to full-time faculty increase research production at depression compared to other ethnic groups. The purpose of this wealthy private colleges and universities and depress research qualitative study was to examine how gender, class, and ethnicity production in other types of institutions. shape dementia Latina caregivers’ experiences over time.Latina dementia caregivers’ view of the role of women in the home and Visions of Academe: How Rank and Tenure Are Related to the family in the context of Latino dominant values shaped their Perceptions of an Ideal Academic Environment Gesemia own sense of self and wellbeing. For example, caregivers Nelson, Metropolitam State Univeristy of Denver describing a lack of social resources (e.g. characterized by This presentation will report on survey data collected in spring conflicts dispelling the ideal of familismo) were more apt to 2013 from the faculty of a large university. The survey collected express less traditional feminine views of women as caregivers a variety of data including questions about university initiatives, and report a higher sense of wellbeing. These caregivers were resources, and expectations for tenure and promotion. These data also more likely to see themselves as expert caregivers who have are part of an ongoing longitudinal study initiated by the Faculty developed a craft of caring in the context of ongoing decline of Senate of the institution. This presentation will look at how rank the person with dementia and limited resources. In so doing, they and tenure status are related to perceptions of the academic constructed caregiver accounts as “experts” and “strong” women environment at the university. The analysis will also give insight in the context of social and illness adversity. Social locations and into what an ideal environment looks like for professors at context play an important role in how Latina dementia caregivers different ranks. For example, analysis will uncover the level of construct identities in the face of challenges of dementia as a support for various university initiatives, some of which have complex and demanding illness. been implemented and some of which have not. It will also explore the how faculty members at different ranks look at the 128. Author Meets Critic: Pierette Hondagneu-Sotelo, Title of expectations for performance in the areas of teaching, scholarly book. " Paradise Transplanted: Migration and the Making of activity, and service. California Gardens" Publisher: UCPress. Member and Committee Organized Sessions Author-meets-critic format Karissa Noelle Wall, University of the Fraser Valley 5:15 to 6:45 pm The effect of campus climate on undergraduate student-parents’ Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A academic performance Roman Nunez, UCR Session Organizer: Factors Shaping Transfer Students’ Academic Success and Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona Integration within Higher Education: An Evaluation of Discussants: UCR’s Transfer Outreach Program Cinthya Gonzalez, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC University of California, Riverside Mike Chavez, CSU Long Beach 130-3. Sexualities Vilma Ortiz, University of California, Los Angeles Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Jake Wilson, CSU Long Beach Submissions 129. Author Meets Critic: Messner, Greenberg, and Peretz Roundtable presentation session "Some Men: Feminist Allies and the Movement to End Session Organizer: Violence Against Women" By Oxford University Press, Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College February 2014 Participants: Member and Committee Organized Sessions "I'm Having These Feelings, So I Must Be a Lesbian": Sexual Author-meets-critic format Fluidity in Recent North American Television Corinne 5:15 to 6:45 pm McClure, Gonzaga University Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B (Extra)Ordinary Desires: Political Governmentality and the Session Organizer: Neoliberal Queer Student Crispin Gravatt, Boise State Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona University Discussants: Cleaning Out The Closet: Exploring Rejection and Acceptance Michael Messner, University of Southern California of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth Brian Manning, Gary K. Perry, Seattle University Gonzaga University CJ Pascoe, University of Oregon Abby Ferber, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs The Evolution of College Sexuality: A Study of Students’ Verta Taylor, University of California, Santa Barbara Sexual Discussion Networks Cierra Raine Sorin, University of California, San Diego 130. Undergraduate Roundtables IV: Crime, Law, and Deviance Discussant: II; Sociology of Education III; Sexualities; Labor and Work; Amy Miller, Linfield College Art, Culture, and Pop Culture 5:15 to 6:45 pm 130-4. Labor and Work Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Submissions 130-1. Crime, Law, and Deviance II Roundtable presentation session Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Session Organizer: Submissions Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Roundtable presentation session Participants: Session Organizer: Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College A Tri-City Analysis on the Efficacy of Non-Discrimination Policies and Inclusivity In the LGBT Community Jessica Participants: Real, California State University, Long Beach The Marginalization and Rejection of Contemporary How Emotion Management Responds to the Hospital Mediumship Jessica Ann Milian, Pacific Lutheran Environment and Travels Along Conduits of Power Adam University Factor, UC Berkeley The Potential Effects of a Legalized Commercial Sex Economy The changing construction industry in Los Angeles. David on Violence Against Women Shayla Wilson, University of Moises Villalvazo, University of Southern California California San Diego Labor, Informality, and Regulation:Mexican Immigrants in the Walla Walla’s Heritage Park: How a Small Washington Town South Central Pallet Industry Roxana Ontiveros, University Handles the Gathering of Social Outsiders Alex Michelle of Southern California Kempler, Whitman College Managing Stigma in Deviant Dancing Culture. Emily Anna An Analysis of Socioeconomic Status and Deviant Behavior Anderson, Whitworth University Kaylyn Hope Anderson, Oregon State University Discussant: Discussant: Patricia Marie Martorana, New Mexico State University Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga University 130-5. Art, Culture, and Popular Culture 130-2. Sociology of Education III Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Roundtable Submissions Submissions Roundtable presentation session Roundtable presentation session Session Organizer: Session Organizer: Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Participants: Participants: Ink, Holes and Occupations in Humboldt County Elmer Single Parent Households and Higher Education Ruth Wabula, Edgardo Rodriguez, Humboldt State University Whitworth University Pay-to-Play: a Rite of Passage in the Los Angeles Music Scene Resistance and Engagement in Online Higher Education Jaimis Ulrich, Whittier College existence of certain discursive trends. I find that, while there is Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of nearly universal use of anthropic, human-centered quality of life discourse, there are significant differences between the use of Fictional Crime Dramas Kaitlin Fitzgerald, Northern economic and ecological discourses. Economic discourse, Arizona University; Sarah Humphries, Northern Arizona including discussion of property value and private property University rights, was common in southern California and many rural Soft Masculinity and Gender Bending in Kpop Idol Boy Bands forestry and farming counties. Ecological discourse, including Kendall Ota, California State Polytechnic University, discussion of global warming and sustainability, was most Pomona common in the San Francisco Bay Area. These results provide a foundation from which to empirically test the extant literature’s Revenge Porn in Society Emilee I Eikren, Arizona State claims about territorial ideologies. University Walking in L.A.: An Examination of the Effects of Community Discussant: Walkability on Tophphilia, Sense of Community, and Katherine Everhart, Northern Arizona University Quality of Life Elizabeth Bogumil, CSU Northridge 131. Diversity and Community: Population, Ideology and This paper will examine the relationships among residents’ Perception of Community perceived walkability of their community, topophilia, their sense Urban and Community Studies of community and perceived quality of life. As sustainable Formal research session transportation and urban living increases in popularity, research 5:15 to 6:45 pm into the benefits of walkable communities is becoming not only desirable as a tool for urban planners but also a useful tool and Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C point of reference for sociologists to study community building Session Organizer: and sense of place. It is proposed that walkable neighborhoods Carol Ward, Brigham Young University affirm topophilia, attachment to one's environment, which leads Presider: to the cultivation of sense of community and results in an Carol Ward, Brigham Young University increase in quality of life. To examine these relationships, a survey was created to measure basic demographic data and Participants: information pertaining to the respondents’ neighborhood's No-Majority Communities: Racial Diversity and Change at the walkability, topophilia, sense of community and quality of life. Local Level Chad R Farrell, University of Alaska The survey was distributed to individuals that were over eighteen Anchorage; Barrett A Lee, Pennsylvania State University years old who lived in Los Angeles County It was distributed The United States is undergoing a profound demographic shift online through Facebook, Craigslist and email snowball sampling toward increasing ethnoracial diversity. This is occurring at both of community groups - for the purpose of confirming reliability large and small geographic scales via the emergence of minority- of sampling and garner a large enough sample. The relationships majority states and multiethnic neighborhoods. It is also being among the proposed variables was examined in a quantitative manifested in the “middle” through cities, suburbs, small towns, manner via regression and path analysis. Regression and path and other local communities. In fact, such communities may be analysis examined the relationships between the respondents’ the most salient geographic domains in which to study diversity sense of community, social capital and quality of life. It is trends. They are jurisdictional foci of localized decision-making expected that residents’ neighborhood walkability will contribute and service provision as well as social arenas in which unease to their quality of life through the conduit of tophphilia and sense about diversity is expressed in racialized debates about public of community. schools, zoning, crime, law enforcement tactics, and illegal 132. Globalization and World System immigration. Our particular focus is communities with Globalization exceptionally high levels of diversity. “No-majority” Formal research session communities are places in which no ethnoracial group makes up 5:15 to 6:45 pm more than half of the local population. We contend that group- majority status is an important structural element of community Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D identity and the political landscape. The absence of a majority Session Organizer: group provides a strategic opportunity to assess the prospects for Rebecca S. K. Li, The College of New Jersey stable diversity, which has proven elusive at the neighborhood Presider: level. How common are these no-majority communities? Who Berch Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno lives in them? How do they change over time? Participants: Territorial Ideologies in Land Use Politics: Mapping Economic, Anthropic, and Ecological Discourses in California Class Formation and Global Capitalism Nathan D. Martin, Christopher R Drue, University of California San Diego Arizona State University; Yunus Kaya, University of North Growth machine scholars argue that ideology contributes to land Carolina Wilmington use politics, suggesting that ideas become fixed as widely shared Recent decades have witnessed profound global shifts in territorial ideologies which help or hinder the growth machine. In production networks and employment structures, accompanied case studies, scholars have described dominant local ideologies, by the increasing international flows of capital, people and which include the claims that growth produces plentiful job information. Further, this current wave of economic opportunities, is inevitable, can damage quality of life, or can globalization has altered the bases for class mobilization and ruin natural ecosystems. If ideology can become locally opened new possibilities for alliances that transcend national dominant, as these scholars claim, we would expect to see spatial boundaries. Yet, the dominant paradigm in the comparative variability in how people talk about land use problems. While literature has focused primarily on how factors related to there is information about differing local environmental economic development are associated with changing patterns of preferences, and many case studies have described local employment and occupational stratification, and there has been discourse, no studies have systematically mapped land use relatively little attention to trends and transformations occurring discourse. In this paper, I examine the ways people talk about in less developed countries where the vast majority of the land use problems in different ways in different counties in the world’s workers reside. In this study, we examine individual- state of California, and how discursive variability between places and country-level determinants of social class position through a can help us understand land use politics. Analyzing discourse multilevel analysis, using data from the 1989-2014 waves of the from over twenty million newspaper articles, I confirm the World Values and European Values Surveys, a coordinated series of nationally-representative cross-sectional surveys of adults in Presider: administered in nearly 100 countries. Our study design enables Luis A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands us to consider how social class is shaped by micro- and macro- level forces, as well as to consider differences by region and Participants: position in the contemporary world-system. Our results indicate The Role of Migrant Networks in Explaining Immigrant that levels of foreign investment, global trade and international Selectivity from Rural and Urban Areas of Mexico to the migration provide stronger explanations for cross-national United States Guillermo Paredes Orozco, Ohio State variation in employment – and for predicting dominant class University membership, in particular – in comparison to factors related to Debates on migrant educational selectivity – the position of business-cycles, economic development or other features of the migrants in the educational distribution of the sending country – domestic labor market. have rarely taken into account the role played by community Globalization of "Singapore International Schools" in the migrant networks in shaping selectivity. Moreover, studies have World-System Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR seldom analyzed how changes in the availability of migrant This paper (participating in a project funded by the networks over time contribute to changes in selectivity, and Monbukagakusho, a ministry of Japan, to examine social whether this relationship is different for rural and urban sending ramifications of certain developments in foreign-language areas. Using life history data from the Mexican Migration teaching) asks how certain sets of transactions around Project, I test whether changes in migration prevalence over time “globalization” are serving social stratifications. These are associated with selectivity in the Mexico-U.S. migrant flow. I transactions, which feature marketing, culminate in tuition also explore how this relationship differs depending on the size payments to a set of elite, “international schools” claiming to of the sending community in Mexico. I find that the likelihood of offer “a Singapore curriculum” and/or to be “Singapore U.S.-bound migration increases with migration prevalence in International School.” Of these schools, seventeen--in Malaysia, rural communities, small cities and metropolitan areas, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines and suggesting that community networks reproduce international China--are licensed partners of the Ministry of Education of migration in all three types of settings. I also find that migrant Singapore, in offering their students an “international version” of network growth produces negative selection in rural areas, a Singapore’s PSLE examination. Together with students and their result that is consistent with previous literature on the subject. families, here non-Singaporean entrepreneurs capitalize on their Contrary to previous findings, however, migrant network growth partnerships with the public-education system of Singapore, produces positive selection in urban settings. Moreover, network transacting an always-emergent iteration of globalization. Their growth is associated with more positive selection in large approach makes sense as “semiperipheral acting”: via world- metropolitan sending areas compared to small urban areas. I systems theory, we can read the entrepreneurs as selling the role argue that differences in selectivity patterns between rural and of semiperipheral actors. Such actors today precipitate new urban areas may be a result of urban networks being made up of social forms while transcending depredation by the core-led weak ties, which are harder to reach and provide less support industries of manufacture and natural-resource extraction. How than the strong ties prevalent in rural settings. These differences to navigate in a world where nationalism hardly does the work it may be accentuated in large metropolitan areas, where used to do? Some navigate by referring to Singapore, not so individuals are more isolated and social ties are weaker. much because they actively emulate the standards of schools in Male Mexican Migrants’ Place of Origin and U.S. Destination: Singapore, but more because “Singapore” signifies agile, Earnings during periods of Anti-Immigration Laws Jose Luis multilingual, profitable adaptability to various scales including Collazo, Washington State University but not limited to the nation-state. Researchers have extensively studied the effects of the The Global Horse Trade in the United States: 1981-2013 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) on migrants’ Michael Aguilera, University of Oregon earnings. Overall, IRCA has widened the earnings gap between The data presented in this paper illuminates the outsourcing of documented and undocumented migrants due to migrants American show jumpers to Europe that occurred between the legalizing and increasing their labor skills. Subsequent laws have 1980’s and the present. During this time, the American sport been passed to remediate IRCA’s shortcomings, such as the horse market has gone from a regional market to a global market. Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of Now, $328,840,914 worth of horses are brought to the United 1996 (IIRIRA). Research has not looked closely into the States from foreign sources, and $119,185,046 comes from possible effects of IIRIRA on migrants’ earnings. Using data Germany. The original supply of American show jumpers was from the Mexican Migration Project, this paper examines the retired thoroughbred race horses born in the United States, but effect of IIRIRA on male Mexican migrants’ earnings during that supply has been uprooted by a steady stream of European their last U.S. trip controlling for place of origin and U.S. horses. Despite a steady supply of former race horses, today destination. Male Mexican migrants earnings were analyzed exorbitant prices are paid for imported European horses. through four models: 1) all years; 2) Pre-IRCA (years prior to American import data is collected from the 1980s to the present 1987); Post-IRCA (years between 1987 and 1996); and Post- to show that the American sport horse market in the United IIRIRA (years after 1996). The results showed that from the Pre- States has become a global market. The paper relies on the IRCA to the Post-IIRIRA era the earning gap between import data to show the transition from a regional horse market undocumented and documented migrants decreased. to a global horse market. This transition has also caused Furthermore, the earnings of male Mexican migrants throughout widespread changes in the horse show jumping industry in the the immigration laws eras varied by the migrants’ place of origin United States. Through participant observation throughout the and U.S. destination. The differential of earnings by migrants’ time period in question, data is collected about how the show place of origin and destination may be due to differences in jumping industry changed as a result of the dependence on enforcement of immigration laws differ by regions, states, and European supplies of horses. locality. Overall, the earning gap between male Mexican migrants’ legal status, place of origin, and migrant destination 133. Migrants' sending and receiving country contexts has decreased but the documented still earn more. Migration/Immigration Longitudinal study of Minnesotans' attitudes towards Formal research session immigrants Sandrine Zerbib, St Cloud State University; Ann 5:15 to 6:45 pm Finan, St Cloud State University Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F From fall 2009 to fall 2014, I and other faculty directors from the Session Organizer: SCSU survey have been collecting telephone survey data from Georgiana Bostean, Chapman University residents of Minnesota. The SCSU survey conducted telephone survey of Minnesotans during the fall of years 2009, 2010, 2011, 7:00 to 8:30 pm 2013, and 2014. The samples consist of about 600 respondents Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B each year who were selected using random digit dialing procedures. In particular, several questions each year have Session Organizers: addressed attitudes towards immigration and immigrants. This Wendy Ng, San Jose State University paper is based on a longitudinal descriptive analysis of those Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University attitudes as well as an attempt to explain some of the findings in Panelists: the context of immigration politics in Minnesota. Erwin Chemerinsky, UC Irivine Filling the Gaps: Institutional Constraints and Social Services Bryan L. Sykes, UC Irvine for Immigrants Shannon Browne, Utah State University; Melina Abdullah, CSU Los Angeles Christy Glass, Utah State University; Grant Holyoak, Utah Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University State University 136. Dreiling/Eddy "A Bold Peace" (Tentative) While existing gaps in social service provision for immigrants Member and Committee Organized Sessions are well-documented, less is known about the factors that constrain the resources and resource provision activities of social Video session service organizations. This study advances the literature on 8:30 to 10:00 pm immigrant well-being by explaining the existence of persistent Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific gaps in social service provision. Drawing on institutionalist Session Organizers: theory, we provide an organization-level analysis of the coercive, Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University mimetic and normative constraints facing social service agencies. Michael Dreiling, University of Oregon Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of social service providers, we find that despite social service 137. Reception: Committees providers’ normative commitment to meeting the needs of Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting immigrants, social service agencies remain unable to close the Reception gaps in service provision and eligibility. 8:30 to 9:45 pm Discussant: Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A Luis A. Sanchez, CSU Channel Islands Session Organizer: 134. Poster Session IV Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Undergraduate Submissions/Undergraduate Poster Submissions 138. Reception: Committees on the Status of Women and Racial Poster session and Ethnic Minorities 5:15 to 6:45 pm Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Regency Foyer Reception Session Organizer: 8:30 to 9:45 pm Robert E Kettlitz, Hastings College Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Rotunda Participants: Session Organizer: Racially and Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods in Ventura Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University County Veronica Villaseñor, California State University Channel Islands State Ring by Spring: The Evolving Long-term Relationship Paradigms of College Students Danielle Elizabeth Kishel, FRIDAY, APRIL, 3 Gonzaga University 139. ASA Department Chairs Breakfast and Meeting Student Dispute Resolution and Academic Success: Preliminary Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting Findings from a Campus Survey Tiffany Lucile Curry, Event Northern Arizona University 7:00 to 8:30 am The Anomie of Social Networking: Feelings of Isolation Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B through Facebook Ceilique Hatcher, CSU Dominguez Hills/ Session Organizers: MBRS Rise Research Student Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University The Armenian Diaspora: Engagement with the Homeland Nane Jean Shin, American Sociological Association Gevorgyan, University of Southern California 140. Culture and Inequality The Black Sheep Chronicles: Narratives on the Rejection of Social Stratification, Inequality, and Poverty Religion Deborah Nielsen, Gonzaga University Formal research session The Influence of Latina Representation in the Media Elysia 8:30 to 10:00 am Rodriguez, University of Southern California Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor The Proliferation of Patriotic Heterogeneity: The Contemporary Session Organizer: Political Divide and the Manifestation of Dueling Ideologies Jennifer Keene, UNLV on Patriotism Zoe Jane Dugdale, Gonzaga University Presider: Where My People At: Retention and Alienation of Minority Ranita Ray, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Students on a Predominately White Campus Francisca Participants: Phuong Chau, Gonzaga University Baby Einstein and G.I. Joe: How Toys Contribute to Human Selfless vs. Selfish Acts: A Field Work Study of Volunteers Capital Formation and Class Stratification Maureen Kelley Samantha Cressey, Chapman University Day, Graduate Theological Union 135. Questions of Social Justice: Ferguson, Missouri and Beyond Different types of toys facilitate different aspects of childhood Presidential Sessions development. Books and other educational toys better prepare Panel discussion children for success in kindergarten. Violent toys have negative consequences for children’s socio-emotional development. Are inclusive of single fathers, single mothers have been extensively these toys as accessible for poorer families as they are for researched and this was used as a base for this study by wealthier families? This study compares two stores of the same incorporating common concepts, creating the potential to express national chain located in a higher- and in a lower-income the experiences of single fathers in a manner that correlates to neighborhood. The results show that toys that foster school previous parenting research. Using these narratives, fathers readiness are roughly nine times more prevalent in wealthier expressed many struggles related to their daily lives and neighborhoods than they are in poorer neighborhoods. While schedules. As this struggle as a single parent is not surprising, there was no difference in the quantity of violent toys between the manners in which they discussed attempting to achieve a the two stores, there was a difference in the quality of the violent balance within their family, was specifically unique. These toys. The potential impacts of these disparities and the findings’ attempts were closely related to adjustments and alterations made overlap with other works are discussed. in the constructs of work, including managing work and family Love's Labor: Race, Class, and Gender in Dating Ranita Ray, balance in ways that are not previously suggested or discussed in University of Nevada, Las Vegas single parent literature. Also through this research and in the alterations to work there are several key gendered experiences In recent years, scholars have begun to grapple with the that are highly relevant when looking at this population. Within paradoxes of the modern heterosexual romantic relationship. this research there are policy implications including outreach for While traditional gender norms continue to dictate that women single fathers, social implications to better acknowledge and pursue marriage and form families, transformations in the social support these parents, and scholarly notice to a population that is landscape also dictate that women invest in their careers. While growing yet currently under-studied. Methodology included exploring this paradox, researchers have found that less- recruitment of fathers through flyers, snowball sampling and privileged women struggle to build careers and romantic online single parent groups in Portland. A qualitative analysis of relationships simultaneously, while their more privileged semi-structured in-depth interviews with these fathers led to counterparts tend to do it successively. Drawing on three years of these findings. fieldwork among 13 racially and economically marginalized young women from an inner-city community in Northeastern Marrying for More than Yourself: The Mediation of Marriage United States, this article investigates the consequences of Culture among Conservative Religious Communities pursuing relationships and self-development, simultaneously, on Courtney Ann Irby, Loyola University Chicago the daily lives of marginalized women. My findings illustrate the Despite concerns about the decline of marriage in the United ways in which gender, race, and class structures interact to States, research has consistently revealed that getting married and influence specific beliefs and expectations concerning staying married remain important to people. The value attached appropriate romantic behaviors. These beliefs and expectations to marriage, however, is coupled with an ethic of individualism intersect to create a complex system of inequality that places that results in a focus on personal satisfaction and fulfillment in marginalized women at risk of losing both stable relationships marriage. While this individualized marriage has been and opportunities for self-development, and jeopardize their daily established at both the macro level as part of an American wellbeing. marriage culture and at the micro level in the preferences and 141. Identity & Parenting actions of individuals, less attention has focused on how organizations mediate, respond and react to these beliefs. In this Marriage, Family, and Reproduction paper, I examine how religious communities simultaneously Formal research session draw from their faith traditions and secular discourses on 8:30 to 10:00 am marriage to construct what they view as alternative models of Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific marriage. Drawing on ethnographic observations of five marriage Session Organizer: preparation courses and interviews with the leadership and Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus participants of these programs, I compare Catholic and evangelical premarital counseling by evaluating how their Presider: different theological beliefs and organizational cultures shape the Danielle Duckett, California State University - Stanislaus construction of a “Christian marriage.” In doing so, I highlight Participants: how religious communities seek to destabilize the individualized Fathers, Daughters and Traditional Gender Beliefs Joshua Tom, marriage culture by promoting an other-orientation to intimate Baylor University; Todd Ferguson, Baylor University relationships, yet through this, they also reify value of the companionate marriage. Existing research has linked family structure related to the sex of children to a variety of outcomes, including the political and The effects of regional identity on perceptions of "good" cultural ideology of the parents. Most studies find having a mothering Danielle Duckett, California State University - daughter is associated with the greater likelihood that parents will Stanislaus have broadly progressive ideologies. This study contributes to the I contend in this project that women's self-identity as mothers is growing literature on parental ideology and child’s sex by strongly mediated by the perception of outsiders' opinions examining the effects of having daughters on the father’s gender regarding the women's other salient identities. My work ideology, with particular attention paid to the understudied illustrates how mothers construct their identities as "good" effects of religion on this relationship. Using data from the 2002 mothers in the face of open discrimination and derision from National Survey of Family Growth, we find that, contrary to outsiders based on their regional identity. While the work was much of the literature, fathers with daughters are more likely to conducted in the Appalachian region, it has implications for affirm traditionalist gender ideologies. This relationship is women in the Great Central Valley of California. moderated by affiliation and participation with conservative Evangelical Protestant traditions. These findings are discussed in 142. Pedagogy, Student Engagement, and Inequality light of conflict feminist theory and the intra-generational Education (other areas) reproduction of gender stratification. Research-in-progress session Illuminating the Unique Experiences in the Daily Lives of 8:30 to 10:00 am Single Fathers Heidi Esbensen, Portland State University Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A This study, designed to help illuminate specific gendered and Session Organizer: classed experiences within childrearing for single fathers, Lisa M Nunn, University of San Diego examines the influence of masculinity and class within the Presider: context of parenting using in-depth interview data of single Robert Bulman, Saint Mary's College of California fathers. Although previous literature has not been highly Participants: achievement will be measured over the course of one academic Adolescent Truancy and Juvenile Delinquency: Testing year by means of four writing samples collected at the start of the year, then again in November, March, and June. All writings will Differential Oppression Theory Jennifer Raby, University of be rated with a rubric developed by the teachers involved in Colorado-Denver rating sessions designed to increase validity and reliability. This study is focused on testing Robert Regoli and John Hewitt’s Student Voice: Intersections of Political, Educational, and theory of differential oppression in an attempt to gain better understanding of the phenomenon of chronic adolescent truancy. Racial Inequities May Lin, University of Southern California Truancy is a deviant behavior that can lead to further deviant The convergence of multiple circumstances enables new behavior with more serious consequences, such as drug and investigations as to how substantive engagement of high-need K- alcohol use, criminal behavior and teenage pregnancy. The 12 students in school and district decision-making processes may percentage of adolescent truants that drop out of school influence racial and educational equity in California. Youth altogether is unknown, as most states do not collect that data, but organizing groups that mobilize low-income, immigrant students it has been established that habitual truants have a propensity for of color have won institutional changes addressing their academic problems (Morris 1991). Data were collected by doing members' needs in schools and districts. Additionally, the two small focus groups consisting of former adolescent truants implementation of the Local Control Funding Formula, which who at the time of data collection were successful university requires community engagement in the creation of district students enrolled in the honors program of a state university in budgets and activities, has provided formal avenues for student the Rocky Mountain region. Each focus group lasted about sixty voice. This first year of implementation revealed vastly varying minutes and discussed participant recollection of behaviors such forms of district implementation of this community engagement as feigning illness, drug use, bullying and criminal activity requirement: students in many districts expressed dissatisfaction during the time that they were truant, as well as their relationship with their districts' engagement processes; however, youth with their family during that time period. Data analysis is organizations in some areas were able to win major policy currently in progress. changes. These contradictions highlighted the challenges associated with engaging students in decision-making, while Framing History: Promoting National Identity and Political illuminating contestations over how districts and community- Ideology in Public School Curriculum in the United States based organizations perceive best pathways towards racial and and Cuba Erica Surova, New Mexico State University; educational equity. Exploring these intersections between race, Cassie Alison Newby, New Mexico State University immigrant communities, civic and political engagement, and Much research in American education has focused on hidden education, I seek to understand conditions that shape meaningful curriculum; the unspoken ideology communicated to students in engagement of high-need students in school governance a covert manner. However, more overt types of ideology are processes. What types of barriers exist—such as resistance on the available to explore how public school textbooks serve to part of administrators, lack of civic and political skills on the part promote national identity and the economic and political agendas of youth, racialized attitudes about youth competency-- and how of one country and negate the ideologies of another. This paper are they overcome? I contribute to literature that addresses will explore how the framing of specific historical events in community engagement and grassroots organizing as key children’s textbooks contradict each other and promote the elements of urban education reform by focusing on systemic ideological agendas of a country. We will compare and contrast realizations of student involvement, as well as undertaking a public school textbooks used in two widely divergent political more intersectional analysis of barriers encountered. and economic systems; the United States and Cuba. A content The Political Economy of School Lunch: Social Provision, analysis of textbooks will illustrate how framing historical events Neoliberalism, and Privatization in Education Christyna such as the U.S. intervention in Korea, The Bay of Pigs, and the Serrano, Graduate School of Education, UC Berkeley Vietnam War, reveal an incongruent interpretation of events. Our methodology is a content analysis of a range of United States “Reforming the public schools has long been a favorite way of public school textbooks and Cuban public school textbooks. improving not just education but society” (Tyack & Cuban, 1995, Ultimately, this study aims to report how the framing of p. 1). The establishment of universal and compulsory schooling historical events serve to shape national identity and promote the nurtured not only massive growth in public education during the political, economic, and ideological leanings of the countries; twentieth century, but also created the institution in which it was capitalism and communism respectively. most convenient to locate social provision programs (Cohen, 2005), and thus shaped the rationale for them in terms of Real writing: Using writing to increase learning through educational opportunity rather than merely the elimination of relevancy, rigor, and relationships Deborah Smith, Saginaw poverty (Cohen, 2005; Katz, 2013; Kantor & Lowe, 2013). Valley State University; Brian J. Smith, Central Michigan Schooling is thus a defining component in the creation, University expansion, and character of the American welfare state. The The gap between the literacy achievements of middle-class federal National School Lunch and Breakfast Program (NSLP), suburban students and poor urban students persists despite clear established in 1946, and administered by the United States evidence that literacy programs designed to implement proficient Department of Agriculture (USDA), subsidizes and regulates the reader research can significantly reduce the gap. Urban schools serving of more than seven billion meals per year (USDA, 2014). continue to perform poorly across the nation and students of The programs most recent reauthorization: the Healthy, Hunger- color continue to receive substandard educations. Recent efforts Free Kids Act (HHKFA) of 2010, endeavors to expand access to to apply Common Core standards so that students graduate the USDA’s child nutrition programs as a means to “reduce “College and Career Ready” have been thrust upon school childhood hunger, [and] improve the nutritional quality of meals districts that do not have the funds or the knowledge to to promote health and address childhood obesity” (Congress, implement effectively. This session is designed to garner 2010, p. 2). My study examines the NSLP and HHKFA as feedback and suggestions on an Improving Teacher Quality quintessential examples of an “educationalized welfare state” Grant proposal that seeks to increase student achievement at a (Kantor & Lowe, 2013). While this research finds that there is a low performing urban school district in the Midwest. The grant need to move beyond educational prescriptions in the work of seeks to combine elements of Real Talk, Writing in the Content solving our nation’s problems, an analysis of the case of school Areas, Common Core Standards, Disciplinary Literacy and the food emphasizes the important role that schooling plays in the 3Rs of teaching (relevance, rigor, and relationships). The nation’s social welfare; and thus portends the ways in which the proposed grant is written for a group of thirty educators to work privatization of public education undermines welfare provision in together to develop Real Talk lessons that are based on Common the United States, and increases social inequality in a way that is Core standards and theories of disciplinary literacy. Student dangerous to the democratic foundations and possibilities of our system of education, and ultimately the nation. ethnic and nostalgia market. In this paper, I argue that rather than Discussant: being a mere sentiment of “longing” that pushes Latino migrants Robert Bulman, Saint Mary's College of California to consume products from their homeland, the consumption of these products reveals diverse sociocultural practices that 143. El Nuevo Sur? Place, Race and Identity in the New South migrants have developed to cope with a series of psychosocial Los Angeles challenges as a result of their migratory experience. To develop Urban and Community Studies this argument, the paper is structured to answer three core Formal research session questions: (1) what makes Latino migrants consume nostalgia 8:30 to 10:00 am products?; (2) why, in spite of years of residence in the host society, do migrants continue to feel the sentiment of nostalgia?; Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B and (3) how might the formation of ethnic businesses in the Session Organizer: nostalgia market contribute to the community-building process, Carol Ward, Brigham Young University particularly in the geographic context of the new South LA, Presider: where the presence of Latino enterprises began recently. Veronica Montes, University of Southern California Ritmos de Resistencia: South L.A.Skacore and Latino youth’s Participants: counter-hegemonic racial formation, economic integration A Place Called Home / Hogar? Demographic Change and Its and gendered performativity Kristie Beltran Hernandez, Implications for South Los Angeles. Manuel Pastor, University of Southern California University of Southern California Literature on Latino youth integration is divided between assimilationist and transnational perspectives—where the 2nd South Los Angeles, traditionally considered the heart of Black generation either gradually leaves behind their parents’ sending Los Angeles, has undergone an astonishing demographic culture and ties, or maintains them through circular flows, transformation over the last four decades. Roughly eighty unbound by borders. This project both builds off of and departs percent African-American in 1970, the area is now around two- from these bodies of work by arguing that Latino youth are both thirds Latino. However, this was not a spatially uniform creating geographically bound identities in relation to Blackness, transformation. Rather, there was an influx of Latinos into the while still maintaining a sonic counter-hegemonic connection to eastern part of South LA just as the African-American population their Diasporic communities. Through one year of ethnographic was both departing the area for Palmdale, Riverside, and other observations and 73 interviews with Latino skacore musicians, locales and moving to the somewhat more affluent western producers and fans, I demonstrate how a Black Caribbean neighborhoods of Baldwin Hills, View Park, and Leimert Park. subcultural genre is adopted and reformulated by Latino youth in This paper will present a spatially differentiated view of the a historically Black sector of the city to create counter- demographic change, offer socio-economic profiles of the hegemonic spaces and identities. Through these rhythms of various neighborhoods, and explore whether these differences in resistance ,Latino youth are crafting spaces that affirm their lives, the rate of change and the contemporary ethnic mix have any create joy and resist assimilation into notions of ideal citizenship. impact on the nature of Black-Latino organizing in subparts of Within these sonic, material and affective spaces, youth establish South L.A. alternative economic modalities,performative hetero cis- From South Central Farm to Growing Communities Pierrette masculinities, and ethnic identities that center Blackness—both Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC unwittingly and consciously. That is, through skacore, Latino How are Latinos in South LA reclaiming land for cultivation of youth are carving out alternative meanings of citizenship, homeland vegetables and for use as public green spaces? The belonging, and home. One upstroke, moshpit and alternative answer to this question is particularly significant here, as South outfit at a time, they’re creating refuges from the legal violence LA is an industrial area notorious for toxic chemicals and soil of hyper criminalization and mass deportations in their pollution, as well as the scarcity of public green spaces, tree communities. canopy, and fresh fruit and vegetables. The post-92 community 144. The Triple "T" of Political Sociology: Taxation, Tea Party, based movement activity coincided with health/anti-obesity food advocacy efforts to enable many local immigrant Latinos to and Trust exercise rural-ranchero cultural capital and know-how as crop Politics and the State (Political Sociology) cultivators of homeland vegetables, herbs and fruits—but to what Formal research session extent did this build on prior efforts and did it include African 8:30 to 10:00 am Americans? The paper chronicles the success and demise of Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C what is believed to be the nation’s largest urban community Session Organizer: garden ever recorded, the South Central Farm, and analyzes Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay subsequent efforts to grow green spaces in public and private places in South Los Angeles. Participants: The Role of Nostalgia in the creation of El Terruño/Homeland: Ideological Diversity in the TEA Party: Rights and An analysis through the lens of Latino Ethnic Enterprises in Responsibilities of Citizenship and Role of the State Kristin the new South LA. Veronica Montes, University of Southern Haltinner, University of Idaho California During the lead up to the 2012 Presidential primaries, a series of Ethnic businesses in the United States have grown at a pace four straw polls were conducted among TEA (Taxed Enough Already) time faster than their native counterparts. The participation of Party activists, with distinct results. Outsiders interpreted these both Latino entrepreneurs and Latino consumers contributes polls as reflecting a lack of clarity regarding which Republican significantly to this ethnic economy. In 2000, the import value of candidate TEA Party activists supported. This confusion has been ethnic and nostalgia products from Mexico – the biggest migrant interpreted by some – including TIME Magazine reporter Alex community in the US – reached $3.361 million dollars. It is in Altman - as evidence of indecisiveness among TEA Party this context that the study of ethnic and nostalgia markets in the members (Altman 2011). These distinct results do not indicate US has attracted significant attention among social scientists in indecisiveness nor a “splitting” or “fracture[ing]” of the recent years. Yet, with a few exceptions, most studies focus on organization; rather, they highlight the diversity of beliefs held the financial and developmental opportunities that these markets by members. Members have distinct perspectives regarding the further, leaving aside the analysis of subjectivities that shape role of the state and responsibilities of citizenship and can be migrants’ consumption patterns and their relations to the divided into five categories: Christian Conservatives, formation of ethnic enterprises, particularly with respect to the Constitutionalists, Reformed Liberals, Libertarians, and Conspiracy Theorists, each separated by their beliefs regarding Angelis, University of Idaho the role of the state and rights of citizenship. This presentation In recent years, an increasing number of Republican leaning state explores the distinct categories, which I consider internal legislatures have passed laws allowing concealed firearms on sentiment pools, that make up the TEA Party Patriots. It further university campuses. This paper uses online survey research to contributes to literature on movement dynamics, the circulation explore the impact that the recent passage of similar law in Idaho of right-wing ideology regarding the rights and responsibilities of has had on the attitudes and actions of students, faculty, and staff citizenship, and the ways in which this phenomenon reflects a at one large public university. More specifically, we examine new trend in social movement organizations. whether the new law has increased fear of gun victimization Socioeconomic segregation and support for progressive taxation among members of the university and if there has been a Isaac William Martin, UC San Diego corresponding “arming up” against concealed weapons holders. Does proximity to rich neighbors affect individuals' support for Drawing from research in non-campus settings that indicate progressive taxation? Most quantitative research on the causes of people are more likely to carry firearms if they fear they may be tax opinion ignores the communities within which survey a victim of crime or violence, we compare respondents’ self- respondents are embedded, but qualitative studies find that reported levels of victimization fear before and after passage of everyday discourse about taxation evokes beliefs about the law to self-reported temporal patterns in gun carrying distributive justice and stereotypes about the rich and the poor, practices. This study helps elucidate whether the passage of the all of which may be informed by experiences in the daily round. bill and subsequent perceptions of threat and fear of violence On one hand, to the extent that a preference for increasing taxes have increased the carrying of both legal and illegal firearms on on the rich depends on negative stereotypes of rich people, campus. contact with rich people may dispel such stereotypes and reduce The Need for Protection: Self-Defense in Detroit Terressa Benz, support for progressive taxation. On the other hand, to the extent University of Idaho that a preference for increasing taxes on the rich depends on a The debate over guns is often simplified into a binary for or sentiment of envy or a sense of injustice, then contact with the against argument. Yet the proposed solutions to gun violence rich may increase the salience of these sentiments, and thereby emerging from this debate fail to consider that pushing for gun increase support for progressive taxation. I test these hypotheses reform is a luxury afforded to those who feel they can rely on law by treating neighborhood co-residence as a proxy for contact. By enforcement. In Detroit the police are largely absent from daily exploiting new survey data and a new method for estimating of life due to years of austerity and neglect. Detroit residents no the neighborhood share of very high income people from U.S. longer rely on the police, whose response time to a 911 call is tax data, I show that being poor and living near rich people is fifty minutes to twenty-four hours. Further, less than 10% of associated with greater support for taxing the rich. The rise in cases known to the police are solved and rape kits remain socioeconomic segregation in the late twentieth century may untested for decades. Out of this relatively lawless environment a have diminished political support for progressive taxation. variety of self-protection strategies used by everyday citizens The Intersection of Social and Political Trust: Constructing a have emerged, from the buying of guard dogs to the increasing New Hierarchical Trust Typology and Analyzing percentage of the population obtaining concealed pistol licenses Longitudinal Covariates Dana Williams, California State (CPLs). This project uses 30 interviews with Detroit residents University, Chico and CPL holders, to explore the strategies they use to protect themselves in a city without reliable law enforcement. Work of While much research has separately focused on either this nature on self-protection is scarce. Therefore, this paper generalized social trust or political trust in institutions, scholars plays an important role in advancing knowledge about have rarely investigated the intersection of the two orientations. victimization, self-protection, and gun ownership. Beyond the weak, positive correlation between social and political trust, no attention has been given to divergent forms of The Dark Side of Direct Democracy: Ballot Measures and Hate trust. Individuals who possess (or lack) both social and political Crime Nella Van Dyke, University of California, Merced; trust are perhaps easily understood, yet those who possess one, Kyle Dodson, University of California, Merced; Stephen P. but not the other, are more curious. A new typology, oriented Nicholson, University of California, Merced along unequal social status is created, with categories of trusters, In 1992, the year that Oregon's ballot included an initiative to distrusters, hierarchicalists, and horizontalists. Hierarchicalists repeal civil rights protections for gays and lesbians, the city of possess political trust, but lack social trust, while horizontalists Portland reported a surge in anti-gay hate crimes. In this study, possess social trust, but lack political trust. Decades of socio- we conduct an analysis at the state-level to examine whether this political trust variation in the US is analyzed from the General occurrence was isolated, taking up the question of whether direct Social Survey. A downward trend for both social and political democracy in the form of ballot initiatives has an impact on trust can be observed from the 1970s to 2010s, although political levels of hate crime. Research demonstrates that hate crimes are trust's changes has been particularly erratic. Finally, crucial influenced by economics, immigration, and sometimes aspects of socio-demographic covariates are compared across trust the political environment. Research on ballot initiatives categories, showing major differences between hierarchicalists demonstrates that they influence both the attitudes and behavior and horizontalists. of citizens, however, scholars have not systematically explored 145. Crime and Delinquency II whether they are associated with increases in violence. We Crime, Law, and Deviance utilize a state-level dataset using a variety of political, economic, Formal research session and demographic indicators to explore how anti-gay and anti- immigrant ballot initiatives influence levels of hate crime. The 8:30 to 10:00 am results have implications for the literature on hate crime as well Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A as the political science and political sociological literatures. Session Organizer: Reconceptualizing Concentrated Disadvantage: Testing for an David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Interaction Effect between Poverty and Inequality predicting Presider: Homicides in Chicago Bert Burraston, University of Stacy K. McGoldrick, Cal Poly Pomona Memphis Participants: There is a large body of research that shows that concentrated Arming Up: Threat Perceptions, Fear of Violence and disadvantage (e.g. poverty, unemployment, percent female Concealed Weapon on Campus. Terressa Benz, University of headed households, percent Black…) is related to crime. However, most of this research focuses on disadvantage rather Idaho; Patrick Gillham, University of Idaho; Joseph De than the concentration of disadvantage. In this paper we reconceptualize concentrated disadvantage by hypothesizing that across communities that are Mormon-dominant (n=571) and there is an interaction between poverty and inequality (GINI more religiously diverse (n=336). Variations in environmental coefficient). We expect poverty coefficient predicting homicide orientation, perspectives on traditional energy use such as the to vary by levels of inequality. We expect the poverty coefficient burning of fossil fuels, and beliefs about climate change are also to be at its largest level when inequality is low and poverty is reported. high (i.e. census tracts were poverty is concentrated). We expect We Are (Not) Who We Were: Place, Identity and the Battle that the relationship between poverty and homicide will be over Tara Julia Miller Cantzler, University of San Diego somewhat weaker when both poverty and inequality is high because in those areas poverty is not as concentrated. The This paper traces the controversy over the construction of a major independent variables were collected from the U.S. Census motorway through the heart of one of Ireland’s most iconic and (2010) and include race (Percent Black), poverty, unemployment, treasured heritage sites: The Hill of Tara. Through the analysis of percent female-headed household with a child younger than 18, preservationists’ discursive strategies, the author reveals how key the GINI coefficient, and population. Homicide by census tract nationalistic themes that have been repeatedly utilized by Irish was obtained using the City of Chicago’s Data Portal. We utilize political actors during historical episodes of contention and state- zero-inflated negative binomial models to test the interaction building are reactivated within this contemporary environmental effect. We find the interaction effect between poverty and struggle. This is a theoretically compelling exercise because it inequality is significant in predicting homicide Chicago. We find reveals the durability of nationalistic symbols over time and in that the coefficient for poverty predicting homicide is strongest at diverse political contexts. In the case of Ireland, it demonstrates low levels of inequality. how citizens make sense of themselves in terms of their past and how landscape and national heritage sites play a particularly 146. Environmental Politics meaningful role in the process of national identity construction in Environmental Sociology this relatively young republic. It also provides insight into the Formal research session strategic aspect of identity formation as it is linked to frame 8:30 to 10:00 am alignment processes in a manifestly inter-connected and Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B globalizing world. In the case of Tara, this process is complicated by conflicting pressures of modernity and the allure of economic Session Organizer: prosperity that also vie for preeminence as national interests. Robert Futrell, University of Nevada Las Vegas Pennsylvania Newspaper Coverage of Fracking, 2009-2013: A Presider: Social Constructionist Approach Christine Dobisch, New Marko Salvaggio, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Mexico State University Participants: Over the past decade, hydraulic fracturing, known colloquially as Government Intervention Attitudes vs. Town Size Affiliation fracking, has become an increasingly widespread practice in Jerry Deon Riener, Idaho State University regions that contain vast natural gas reserves. Research to date In Southeast Idaho, many of the state residents are against the indicates that economic and environmental concerns are the idea of government intervention in concerns involving the dominant socially constructed frames of fracking. This research environment. This creates a challenge for environmental has typically relied on interviews and survey data to gain insight advocacy groups in implementing changes in a community. One into these dynamics. What remains under-examined is the variety way to overcome this challenge is to try to understand what these of discursive processes used to socially construct fracking in inhibitions and factors are. This paper will examines how news media coverage. It is important to examine environmental citizen’s opinions of government intervention and their town size issues such as fracking in the context of news coverage because affiliation, education, political views and age affect citizen’s past research has demonstrated that the framing of an issue can opinions of government intervention. Data for the study come influence the audience’s perception of that issue. Such an impact will be used from a 2014 survey administered as part of the on public opinion may influence policy-making and, ultimately, “Managing Idaho’s landscapes for ecosystem services” (MILES) the energy and environmental future of the United States. Thus, project. Results reveal that education, political views, town size this paper seeks to answer the following question: How have affiliation and age correlates with opinions about of government news sources discursively framed hydraulic fracturing over time? intervention. To address this query, I intend to conduct a qualitative content analysis of fracking coverage in three major Pennsylvanian Mormon views on renewable energy, climate change, and the newspapers: the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Pittsburgh Post- environment in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming Shawn Keating Gazette, and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. The data consists of Olson, Utah State University; Peter G. Robertson, Utah articles from these sources that were published from 2009 to State University; Richard S. Krannich, Utah State University 2013. This research investigates the relationship between Mormon 147. PSA Business Meeting religiosity and support for industrial-scale renewable energy Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting development. We situate our study within the literature on Event religion and environment, and provide a contribution to the relatively limited amount of research that has been done 8:30 to 10:00 am examining the association between Mormonism and Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A environmental concern. While some studies have found that Session Organizer: members of the Mormon Church are significantly less likely to Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University support environmental policy and behaviors, others have found Member: that Mormons display higher levels of environmental concern than general U.S. population. In 2013, Church leaders issued Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon strong statements indicating a conviction that ‘all humankind are Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside stewards – not owners – over this earth’ who should ‘avoid Amy Denissen, California State University, Northridge wasting life and resources’ provided by God. However, the Dean S. Dorn, CSU Sacramento Church’s position did not indicate its position on renewable Robert M O'Brien, University of Oregon energy specifically. Using results from a 2013 community survey James Elliott, Rice University of rural residents in Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming (n=907), we Jean Stockard, University of Oregon compare views on renewable energy amongst Mormons (n=316), those of other faiths (n=360), and those who do not report a 148. Qualitative Methods and Case Studies: A Diverse Mixture religious affiliation (n=157). We also compare perspectives Methods Research-in-progress session By examining these events and accounts pertaining to 8:30 to 10:00 am Anonymous, this paper identifies repeating themes in their stated Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D goals. As an effort to determine what the hacktivist group may be hoping to achieve, publicly stated goals of each case/event Session Organizer: were examined, as well as their impact and outcomes, when Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno available. Multiple repeating themes of goals for the group were Presider: found. Richelle Swan, CSUSM 149. Generational and Historical Shifts within Social Movements Participants: Social Movements and Social Change Using Arts-Based Methods in Community Health Research Formal research session Ellie Byrne, Cardiff University; Eva Elliott, Cardiff 8:30 to 10:00 am University; Gareth Williams, Cardiff University; Pete Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E Seaman, Glasgow Centre for Population Health; Roiyah Session Organizer: Saltus, University of South Wales; Sarah-Anne Munoz, Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus University of the Highlands and Islands; Qulsom Fazil, Presider: University of Birmingham; Clare Barker, University of Eulalie Laschever, University of California, Irvine Leeds; Issie MacPhail, University of the Highlands and Participants: Islands; Claire McKechnie-Mason, Glasgow Centre for Population Health; Joanna Skelt, University of Birmingham Growth and Decay of Organizational Sectors: Gun Control and Gun Rights Organizations from 1945 to 2012 Eulalie In this paper we consider the way in which arts based methods such as storytelling, history, film and song writing engage people Laschever, University of California, Irvine; David S. Meyer, in health research and produce knowledge. The paper explores University of California, Irvine the methods used in a UK-wide case study project on community The social movement literature on political opportunity and health and wellbeing. The project explores how the arts and resource mobilization theories offer different predictions about humanities might help communities talk about local life, health whether countermovements will rise and fall symmetrically over and wellbeing to people making decisions about their local area. time. By analyzing original data collected on 56 organizations Each community is distinct, yet they all may experience and four major national newspaper over 67 year we determine the marginalisation or difficulty in some way when it comes to size of the gun control and gun rights organizational sectors and representing their health and wellbeing to decision makers. As the distribution of newspaper visibility across these two sectors part of the research we are developing innovative and meaningful each year between 1945 and 2012. Using IRS tax report forms forms of exchange between communities and decision makers we compare the funding distribution across organizations from about community health and wellbeing. We have deliberately 2009 and 2012. We find notable differences in the number, sought methods that are alternative to traditional qualitative stability, and visibility of organizations on each side of the gun methods such as interviews, which can be experienced as debate. First, there have always been more gun rights alienating, extractive and intimidating. Instead, we have tried to organizations, and they are more durable. Second, visibility in use methods which place participants and researchers in a more the gun control sector is shared and temporary, while the gun egalitarian power relationship, where participants have more rights sector’s visibility is completely dominated by the National control over the research setting, the topics of conversation and Rifle Association. However, organizational foundings were research outputs. We present and reflect on our methods in terms symmetrical, and clustered in the year or two after high-profile of embodiment, emotion and the senses, aiming to demonstrate shootings, after the introduction of new legislation, following how artistic practice can have value both in terms of its major legislative gains or losses, and in response to growth in the instrumental role and its intrinsic qualities. opposing movement sector. Both sectors contracted after the gun Courting the Courtroom Richelle Swan, CSUSM; Marisol control sector failed to pass new legislation after the Columbine Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos; Dawn Lee, California State High School Shooting. The organizations that died were those with less funding and less formal organizational structures. University San Marcos; Kaitlin Medina, California State Therefore, political context shifts explain the symmetry of University San Marcos organizational foundings in opposing movement sectors, but In this presentation, we analyze the relevance of a humanizing resource disparities drive asymmetries in both sector size and research framework (Paris & Winn, 2013), a social justice organizational visibility over time. approach to research in marginalized communities, to an ongoing Threats, Resources, and American pro-Israel Coalitions Rottem ethnography of a federal immigration courthouse. This paper Sagi, University of California, Irvine reflects the findings of the first five months of our study. We highlights the various negotiations that we made in our attempt to Scholars have found that coalitions tend to grow during times of apply a humanizing framework to an administrative courtroom threat due to increased access to resources and the presence of a setting that often marginalizes respondents and researchers. We common enemy. Despite a rich literature and renewed interest in discuss issues such as gaining entrée, negotiating gatekeepers in social movement coalitions, questions remain about how the court, and managing presentations of self to maneuver among resources, threats, and ideological diversity affect coalition multiple courtroom actors. In addition, we consider the often growth. Drawing on interviews and archival data, I examined the overlooked issues of researcher emotion management and the formation and growth of Conference of Presidents of Major humanization of people holding adversarial roles. We conclude American Jewish Organizations (COP), the largest formal pro- with suggestions on how to expand upon the humanizing Israel coalition within the American Jewish community. I used research framework. event-history models to understand how COP responded to different types of threats as well as the effect of resources and Anonymous: A Case Study of a Faceless Movement Brian ideological diversity on coalition growth. I analyzed the purpose Michael Lee, University of Nevada, Reno statements of over 700 national Jewish organizations, listed in In this paper, "case studies of a case study" were conducted. This the "American Jewish Yearbook", 1965-2005. I found that of a paper investigates the hacktivist group, "Anonymous" as an over- variety of salient events, military attacks on Israeli soil were most arching case study in an effort to argure that they are a social strongly linked to coalition growth. Furthermore, threats and movement. Additionally, this paper examines media accounts of increased access to resources were linked to less ideological events in which members of Anonymous had taken part in or for diversity among coalition member groups. During times of which they claimed credit. Hence, "case studies of a case study". threat, when Jewish pro-Israel groups had greater access to resources, COP member groups espoused more similar debate as captured on the Congressional Record. Conducting a ideologies in their purpose statements. This suggests that when feminist discourse analysis of legislation and congressional coalition member groups had access to resources and were facing records, I examine how political actors use socially constructed a common thereat, they promoted more similar ideologies and systems of power and difference, such as gender, race, and class, formed a united front. to establish political legitimacy. While those for and against the Social Movements and Transformation in the 20th and Early bill take a different stance on abortion policy, each uses 21st Century: Catalyst for Social Change Berch Berberoglu, ideologies of race, class, and gender to construct notions of “deserving personhood” and “good motherhood”. These ideals University of Nevada, Reno perpetuate inequalities in reproductive policy by privileging the Social movements have emerged and struggled against repressive experiences and needs of the white middle class. Overall, I show authoritarian states that advance the interests of dominant classes how the fetal pain debate is not merely a struggle to define when over that of the great majority of the people throughout the life begins, but also a biopolitical project to construct white course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. They middle class lives as essential to the health and survival of the have become empowered through mass mobilization and nation. collective political action to bring about social transformations across the globe. This paper provides an analysis of the Chinese Maternity Tourists and “Anchor Babies”: Online conditions that lead to the emergence and development of social Commentators’ Disdain and Racialized Conditional movements struggling to bring about social transformation. It Acceptance of Non-citizen Reproduction Cassaundra examines the origins, nature, dynamics, and challenges of social Rodriguez, UMass Amherst movements as they struggle to transform the prevailing dominant Anti-immigrant organizations and political pundits have long social, economic, and political institutions. After a brief demonized the reproduction of undocumented immigrant Latinas theoretical discussion on the conditions leading to the by fueling a discourse about their so-called “anchor babies.” By development of social movements, the paper explores the 2011, however, online news sources began reporting on Chinese dynamics of movement organization and mobilization with maternity tourists visiting the U.S. for the purpose of birthing examples of concrete cases of social movements that have their children on U.S. soil. In this paper, I analyze New York succeeded in transforming societies across the globe. The paper Times online comments in response to the reporting of Chinese points out that recent mobilization, protests, and political maternity tourism. Using content analysis, I ask: how do online responses by various social movements are leading to protracted commentators make sense of debates concerning birthright struggles that threaten entrenched dominant class interests that citizenship and “anchor babies” in response to the media have held on to power for decades. The significance of the coverage on Chinese maternity tourism? I find that online success of the Arab Spring lies in its impact on social movements commentators overwhelmingly demonize Chinese Maternity elsewhere in the world, as such rebellions tend to have a ripple tourism by including this practice into broader debates about effect in triggering similar uprisings in other countries when “anchor babies” and the reforming of birthright citizenship. Some mass movements express their will to bring about change through commentators, however, use race-specific tropes and malleable collective political action. claims about class to construct the children of Chinese maternity 150. Reproductions of Class Race & Gender: Works in Progress tourists as a paradoxical asset or threat to the country, often comparing them to the children of undocumented mothers that Race, Class, and Gender are explicitly marked as Latina/o or Mexican. Using neoliberal Research-in-progress session logics and Asian-specific stereotypes about model minority 8:30 to 10:00 am status, some commentators offer a racialized conditional Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F acceptance of non-citizen reproduction, revealing that Session Organizer: citizenship, while highly policed among the citizenry, can be Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San precariously and problematically expanded. Marcos Daughters of the Cinema: The Contributions of Black Female Presider: Filmmakers Christina N Baker, Sonoma State Univeristy Nicole Willms, Gonzaga University The primary question that I plan to address through my research is: In what ways have African American female filmmakers Participants: shaped the film industry? The mass media and film industry "The Rest is History": Afro-Asian Fusion in L.A. Hip-Hop have, until recently, left out the complex and diverse perspectives Ninochka McTaggart, University of California, Riverside and voices of African American women. When they have been While mainstream American culture bombards us with anti- included in film and media, African American women have Asian and anti-Black stereotypes, U.S. history is filled with both primarily been portrayed using negative and controlling images, interethnic tensions and alliances between Blacks and Asian such as the subservient mammy, welfare mother, hypersexual Americans. From the Black Power/Yellow Power movements of jezebel and argumentative sapphire. I am interested in exploring the late 1960s, to the Kung Fu and Blaxploitation films of the how the introduction of a number of African American female 1970s, to the LA race riots in the 1990s, to hip hop today, Blacks filmmakers, beginning in the 1990s, have influenced the and Asian Americans have had quite a unique relationship to representation of women of color in film. My research on African each other. This research explores that history as well as American filmmakers is grounded in intersectionality theory, respondents’ experiences with black/Asian relationships. which emphasizes the importance of examining the complex Respondents discuss anti-Black or anti-Asian stereotypes and positions and viewpoints of women of color. The intersectional also recount strong deep bonds they have forged with African framework initially grew out of the work of legal scholar, Americans or Asian Americans, that they often feel would not Kimberle Crenshaw. With Black women at the center of her have occurred without their hip hop connection. Hip hop analysis, Crenshaw challenged the tendency of feminist theory provides a site of micro level racial change through these stories. and racial politics to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive (Re)Producing Inequality: Mobilizing Race, Class, and Gender categories. In my proposed research, the intersectional approach places African American women (as filmmakers and actors) at Discourses in the Debate over Fetal Pain Ashlyn Jaeger, UC the center of the analysis and provides insight into how black Davis female filmmakers may incorporate more multidimensional The scientific and political debate over whether a fetus can images of women of color. The intersectional framework also experience pain highlights a vital and controversial boundary for allows us to critique the specific racialized and gendered biopolitical governance—the boundary of life. This project ideologies that have been dominant in the mainstream media’s analyzes how life and citizenship are constructed in the fetal pain representation of women of color. Casino Workers Bettina Kira Serna, California State University the ideals of the American Dream? What are our national San Marcos assumptions about how those who are low-income should pursue My study focuses on female card dealers in a California card the American Dream? To take up these tensions, this presentation room. I examine the ways that the women perform gender in an explores how extensive changes in 1996 to the U.S. national environment that is dominated by men - clients and management. welfare system prioritized “work first” policies for low-income I draw on ethnography and in-depth interviews to understand the parents, mostly single mothers, and restricted educational women's coping mechanisms as they work in a hyper-sexualized, opportunities for participants. Despite a “pull yourself up by your hetero-normative work environment. The female card dealers bootstraps” discourse, the Temporary Assistance for Needy work at minimum wage and rely primarily on tips. I rely on the Families (TANF) program devalues and severely restricts analytical framework of emotional work and emotional labor. participants’ access to higher education. Welfare reform policies arose from prevailing public opinion and assumptions by 151. The American Dream politicians that welfare mothers were morally different from Social Stratification, Inequality, and Poverty middle-class Americans. This deficient morality argument Formal research session presupposed that welfare mothers are not interested in pursuing 10:15 to 11:45 am the American Dream through hard work or higher education, and Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor blamed them for their poverty, single parent status, and low economic position in society. However, these are false Session Organizer: assumptions about mothers on welfare. Mothers on welfare are Jennifer Keene, UNLV not morally different than other Americans, and the frame of the Presider: American Dream can explain their actions. They are trying to Robert C. Hauhart, Saint Martin's University accomplish similar goals as other Americans, such as providing for their families by pursuing a higher education. Finally, given Participants: the American Dream ideology, why is the dream important for A Sociological Theory of the American Dream for the 21st social policy considerations? Century Robert C. Hauhart, Saint Martin's University 152. Identity, Rights & Reproduction The American Dream is a central feature of the American Marriage, Family, and Reproduction experience since the idea's popularization by James Truslow Adams in 1931 in his book "The Epic of America". The phrase is Formal research session iconic and has been adopted by flag-waving patriots, Madison 10:15 to 11:45 am Avenue marketers, and presidents of both parties to inspire and Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific motivate generations of Americans. Indeed, the term is so Session Organizer: ubiquitous that it is often used and consumed, unexamined, by Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus laymen and professionals alike yet its very dominance in our culture calls out for analysis. This paper will explore the Presider: development of a sociological theory of the American Dream for Laury Oaks, Department of Feminist Studies, UC Santa the 21st century. Barbara Blue Collar American Dreams and the American Class System Participants: Jeff Torlina, Utah Valley University Abortion as Plot Point: Analyzing Portrayals of Pregnancy This paper explores the impact of The American Dream as an Decision-Making on American Television Katrina Kimport, ideological force in the United States. This issue was famously UC San Francisco; Gretchen Sisson, UC San Francisco addressed by Louis Althusser as he suggested that the Despite the popular narrative that abortion is not depicted in consumerism inherent in The American Dream is a primary American television, a recent census demonstrates that such illustration of “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.” My plotlines do exist. This finding calls for a shift in research argument is that the neomarxist interpretation of The Dream as a question from whether abortion is depicted in fictional television cause of working class false consciousness is inappropriate. It shows to how. We begin to answer this question through a has the effect of derogating the working class. The negative content analysis of the 56 American television shows with identity that is depicted by followers of Althusser’s Ideological abortion-related plotlines broadcast between 2004 and 2014. We State Apparatuses theory is challenged in interviews of blue- analyzed plotlines for depictions of the character considering collar workers whose cultural identities distance themselves from abortion; the circumstances of her pregnancy; how she makes her consumerism and status symbol commodities. I argue that decision; the mental, physical, and social aspects of abortion working class culture provides some insulation from The care; and disclosures of abortions by other characters. We find American Dream. The negative imagery that represents the that the characters with an unintended pregnancy are usually working class in theories of The Dream are ideological in white teens who are not currently parenting; the pregnancies are themselves because they reproduce devalued conceptions of the most frequently the result of “bad sex” that is marked as working class. The Dream itself is also ideological, but more for unenjoyable and/or outside of a broader commitment (e.g. one- the white-collar professional class than the working class. The night stands); and the abortion clinic is featured as a place where American Dream defines commodities as symbols of status and women make their pregnancy decision. We compare these identities, and the large extent to which middle class culture findings to demographics of women who obtain abortions in the embraces The Dream is one way that white-collar workers U.S. and research on the contexts in which they make pregnancy separate themselves from the working class. This division among decisions, showing the discrepancies between fiction and real white- and blue-collar workers supports the capitalist class, life. Such analyses of how abortion figures narratively in these representing yet a third dimension of The American Dream as an shows contribute to understandings of the place abortion holds in ideology. Althusser was correct to identify The American Dream the public imagination. as an ideological force, but his critique should be aimed at the middle class rather than the working class. The Reproductive Justice Consequences of Searches for Biological Parents: A Comparative Analysis Laury Oaks, Reforming the American Dream and Conforming Welfare Department of Feminist Studies, UC Santa Barbara Mothers Sheila M Katz, Sociology Department, University of Building on a theme in my book to be published by NYU Press Houston in May 2015, Giving Up Baby: Safe Haven Laws, Motherhood, The American Dream focuses on middle-class values and and Reproductive Justice, this paper presents a comparative provides a frame for middle-class Americans to pursue these analysis of search narratives by teens and young adults in three goals. Yet, what does our current social safety net indicate about areas: 1) planned adoption, 2) donor sperm bank pregnancy, and 3) anonymous newborn surrender following safe haven laws. students engage in boundary formation and maintenance as they This study contributes to interdisciplinary social science negotiate hierarchies through humor, friendship groupings, and scholarship on family formation, reproductive technologies, and other day-to-day activities. At one school, where income is genetic identities. Although sociologists, anthropologists, “marked” by minority racial status and income is a stratifying historians, and feminist studies scholars have traced adoptee agent, low-income minorities engage in stigma management search movements dating back to the 1970s, the subject of while low-income whites are able to “pass” as higher-income. At searches by donor-conceived or safe haven babies is more recent the other school, where income is less visibly marked, the and understudied. Babies born when sperm banks became salience of a low-income status is low, and income status does popularized and newborns who were relinquished under state not act as a stratifier. At the organizational level, the spatial safe haven laws established beginning in 1999 are now teenagers layout of campus, curricular tracking, and collective school and young adults. They are entering a life stage characterized by identity facilitate the status quo. This study has implications for an investment in understanding self-identity. I examine how future work on low-income students in higher-income school themes in narratives about the importance of searching for settings and stresses the importance of further exploring how genetic “family members” are linked to broader reproductive race, income, and context interact to contribute to the justice politics and judgments about what constitutes socially heterogeneity among low-income students in higher-income acceptable motherhood and fatherhood. The paper draws on schools. published newspaper coverage, internet forums, and websites Discrimination through the Ranks: How Tenure, Rank, Gender, sponsored by search advocates to focus on the selfhood and and Race Affect Perceptions of Discrimination Gesemia parenthood discourses that frame the meaning of searching for information about one’s genetic and family history. I argue that Nelson, Metropolitam State Univeristy of Denver searches for one’s ethnic, racial, sexual, medical, and other This presentation will report on survey data collected in spring identities have reproductive justice consequences for those who 2013 from the faculty of a large university. The survey collected participate in the largely unregulated practices of adoption, donor a variety of data including experiences with discrimination, insemination, and safe haven use. perceptions of the university climate, and demographic characteristics. These data are part of an ongoing longitudinal “I Didn’t Come Out, I Gave Up”: Transitions to Gay study initiated by the Faculty Senate of the institution. This Fatherhood among Previously Married Men Megan Carroll, presentation will look at how rank and tenure status are related to University of Southern California self-reported experiences with discrimination along with The attention afforded to gay fathers through both media and perceptions of campus climate. Do we see a difference in how scholarship has disproportionately focused on parents who built faculty members at different ranks perceive discrimination? Is their families in the context of same-sex relationships. Gay the effect a function largely of gender and ethnic differences at fathers who had children in the context of heterosexual different ranks? Or does rank have an independent effect apart relationships are often excluded from shared definitions of gay from race and gender? families in society, and little is known about their needs and Gendered, Racialized, and Sexualized Discourses in the experiences. Why do these men decide to come out, and what do Culinary Arts School: If you can’t stand the heat, get out of they learn through the process? How are previously married gay fathers’ family members affected by their transition? What do the kitchen Jennifer Puentes, Indiana University they have in common with men who built their families through Bloomington adoption or surrogacy, and how do they explain their absence Sexualized discourses become a prominent aspect of the group from research? Using data from interviews and participant culture within culinary kitchen classrooms, often having observation of gay parenting groups, this paper puts the gendered and racialized components. For culinary students, the experiences of previously married gay fathers from Utah in options to participate in sexualized discourses and the conversation with gay fathers via adoption or surrogacy from consequences of their participation differ by students’ gender and Southern California and Texas. Findings indicate a shared race. Using ethnographic observations from a Midwestern emphasis on children and family and a shared imagination for a culinary arts program in an urban area and in-depth interviews, I positive future of gay parenting. Recommendations include argue that the intersection of gender and race contributes to workplace protections, support for extended family members, students’ strategies for negotiating these sexualized discourses and stronger acknowledgement of the broad diversity of gay during social interactions. Chef instructors use both verbal parents in society. instruction and modeling behavior to teach students how to communicate and move their bodies in professional kitchens. 153. Doing Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality in Educational Sexualized discourses emerge primarily during student Settings interactions with other students but at times are reinforced by Race, Class, and Gender chef instructors. In the culinary arts educational institutions the Formal research session prominent narrative is that kitchens are egalitarian work spaces 10:15 to 11:45 am where success is based on merit, but interactions between Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A students and between students and chef instructors suggest an androcentric culture persists. As a result women and men Session Organizer: develop different strategies to navigate this environment. My Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San research has implications for literatures on intersectionality, Marcos higher education, and occupational socialization. Presider: 154. The Social Construction/Design of Public Space Matthew Gougherty, Indiana University Urban and Community Studies Participants: Formal research session (Hiding) In Plain Sight: How Income Status Matters Differently 10:15 to 11:45 am Among Low-Income Students in Suburban Schools Queenie Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B Zhu, Harvard University Session Organizer: Using qualitative methods, this study investigates the integration Carol Ward, Brigham Young University of low-income students in two predominantly middle-class Presider: suburban schools, and finds that low-income students’ experiences vary depending on the salience and meaning of their Kacey Jones, Chief Dull Knife College low-income status. Low-income students’ integration is a result Participants: of processes occurring at two levels. At the interpersonal level, "A Living Room for our Community:" The Social Construction of Public Space in Washington, Utah Kacey Jones, Chief The historical and perceptual layering of urban space Pepper Dull Knife College Glass, Weber State University; Viviana Felix, Weber State Despite the presence of community recreation centers in both University rural and urban areas throughout the United States, few studies Using interviews collected while residents travel around a city, have investigated participant use of these types of facilities this study explores the role of memories in how residents (McKenzie et al. 2013). This study examines the social perceive urban space. Residents of Ogden, Utah often invoked interactions of participants at the Washington City Community memories of experiences and places while immersed in the Center (WCCC) in Southern Utah. Through individual present. This personal layering of the historical on the present interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, this study day paralleled collective historical processes, making the city documents the social gains experienced by community members attractive to some residents but unattractive and fearful for interacting in municipally funded public space. Community others. The study also considers the connection of this historical members of all ages are participating in WCCC programs: from layering with the demographic characteristics of residents, very young children attending the WCCC preschool to retired especially race, class, and immigrant status. adults enrolled in insurance-sponsored wellness programs. While at the WCCC, community members experience a wide 155. Political Sociology: Conservative and Elite Political variety of gains, from developing new skills and meeting fitness Movements and Initiatives goals to constructing relationships that extend beyond WCCC Politics and the State (Political Sociology) walls. The findings of this study shed some light for policy Formal research session makers on the social significance of community recreation 10:15 to 11:45 am centers, and the impact these centers can have on their Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C communities. Session Organizer: Member Participation and Social Gains at the Washington City Carl Stempel, CSU East Bay Community Center 2008-2014 Adam Baker, BYU Participants: While there is a well-established literature that investigates the importance of social capital (Bourdieu 1972, Coleman 1988, Politics and Processes of Climate Change Denial Jeffrey Robert Putnam 1995) in building communities, families, and individuals, Gunn, Whittier College few studies examine the role that municipal structures play in The ultra-conservative policy planning networks associated with facilitating social capital construction. The central focus of this the fossil fuels industries are examined using original network study centers on the experiences of community members while data sets. Robust and cohesive organizational networks reflect participating in recreation programs, fitness activities, and events strong ties between fossil-fuel billionaires, conservative think at the Washington City Community Center (WCCC). Thus, this tanks, the media, and the old money (and new) foundations. study seeks to explain not only who (in terms of demographic These powerful and mostly unseen networks have broadened the indicators) is participating in programs events at the WCCC, but influence of the far right in discussions of climate science. These answer why those members are deciding to participate. In order networks direct, fund, and carry out a denial and delay campaign to answer the research questions, a survey was designed that was borrowing heavily from the tactical lessons learned from the administered to community members that have participated in tobacco denial campaign, and financed and organized by many of recreation programs, events, and fitness programs over the past the same organizations and individuals. six years. This study sheds light on the levels and types of social The Surveillance Network Karina Russ, University of gains community members experience participating in Washington municipally-controlled recreation centers. This study analyzes the connections between political and Why Design Matters: How Local Values, Relationships, and economic surveillance through mapping what I call “the Businesses Built the Washington City Community Center surveillance network.” Through the use of actor-network theory, Roger Carter, Southern Utah University power theories, surveillance theory and a critique of In 2006, the Southern Utah community of Washington City neoliberalism, this study argues that surveillance is central to the broke ground on the largest recreation center in the state of Utah. advancement of the neoliberal project in that it is used to create, Serving a population of approximately 17,000 and experiencing expand and strengthen economic markets. The most recent form double-digit residential growth, the citizens requested that their of surveillance is metadata, the use of which is legitimized local representatives consider the building of a recreation facility through a particular philosophy regarding the accuracy of data in to serve the population. When construction began in fall 2006, reflecting an objective reality. Furthermore, this study ultimately city administration received direction from elected officials that concludes that the dichotomy between political and economic the facility would be more than just a place for fitness and health. surveillance commonly found in the surveillance literature needs The facility would be built to encompass all interests and age to be transcended because both political and economic actants groups within the community. The facility was to be constructed use political and economic surveillance to pursue overlapping in such a way as to be a “gathering place,” where friendships goals. Lastly, this study concludes that the state has the ability to would be made, associations strengthened, and community ties act on behalf of capital, but does not always act necessarily at its developed. This mission drove all that occurred from the behest. groundbreaking on. What started as the building of a recreation The Impact of Texas's Voter ID Law: An examination of Waller center quickly became the building of a community of County Robert P. Jones, Prairie View A&M University; participants. From deciding to build the facility as a “design- Karen Manges Douglas, Sam Houston State University build” project to the selecting of contractors and partners, from the programming to the on-going business partnerships, all Prairie View, Texas is a rural community located in Waller efforts were placed in not just building something from brick- County in the piney woods of east Texas and home to Prairie and-mortar but in constructing a building that would strengthen View A&M University (PVAMU). PVAMU is a historical black community ties. Through individual and group interviewing, this university and was the epicenter of a voting rights case that lasted study illustrates how community values, and relationships most of the 1970s involving the rights of college students to vote between elected officials, municipal leadership, and local in the communities in which they attended college. Prairie View businesses impacted the construction of the Washington City A&M students eventually prevailed establishing the right for Community Center. Particular attention is paid to how college students across the United States to vote in their college relationships were vital to the construction process, and how community. In 2014, PVAMU was again at the heart of a voting these relationships ultimately influenced the design and impact of rights case. This time PVAMU student Imani Clark, who used to the facility. vote with her student ID but has not voted since Texas’s Voter ID law went into effect in June 2013 shortly after Section 5 of the Registry Karen E. Gordon, Glendale Community College VRA was overturned by the US Supreme Court was a key (Arizona) witness in a lawsuit claiming that Texas’s new law Narrative data from thirty registered sex offenders (RSOs) who disproportionately impacts minority voters. Judge Nelva appear on the public sex offender registry (SOR) shed light on Gonzales Ramos agreed saying that the law “creates an the meaning of the SOR in their lives. RSOs discuss the balance unconstitutional burden on the right to vote” (NY Times, Oct. 14, between the public’s rights and right to information and their 2014). The State appealed the ruling and convinced the appellate own right to try to move beyond their offenses. While the RSOs court to allow the 2014 elections to proceed with the ID law in in this study agree that the SOR serves some positive function for tact. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the community and can create a better sense of awareness, many Texas’s voter ID law examining the impact on voters at PVAMU in this study feel as though the SOR paints all of them with the and Waller, County. We will analyze the voter data from the “same brush” — lumping violent sexual predators with those 2014 midterm election and compare it to the turnout of PVAMU who see themselves as lesser offenders. The distinction some students and registered voters of Waller County from previous RSOs make based on offense type becomes a means to examine midterm elections. the what they think are the intentions of the SOR and how RSOs 156. Crime and Delinquency III see other RSOs and sometimes attempt to distance themselves Crime, Law, and Deviance from RSOs. These narratives also present a way to begin to Formal research session understand RSO negotiation of the RSO label and aspects of 10:15 to 11:45 am RSO identity in society as well as potential problems confronted by the RSO and their family members. Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Stepping Off the Stage for Good: Occupational Obstacles Session Organizer: Exotic Dancers Encounter When Exiting the Industry Sasha David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Tamara Santhoff, California State University, Los Angeles Presider: Due to a highly stigmatized industry, job secrecy is abundant Andrea Dassopoulos, University of Nevada, Las Vegas among prostitutes and exotic dancers. However, prostitutes Participants: garner more attention, care and research regarding their Moving full speed ahead in the wrong direction? A critical experiences leaving the profession. Previous research has focused examination of U.S. sex offender policy from a positive on the exiting strategies of prostitution, but very little research has focused on the strategies utilized by exotic dancers when sexuality model DJ Williams, Idaho State University; Jeremy attempting to leave the sex industry. While programs are offered Thomas, Idaho State University; Emily E. Prior, College of to assist prostitutes to re-enter the work force, little aid is offered the Canyons to exotic dancers. This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence Despite an extensive research literature on sexual offending, of occupational stigma associated with exotic dancers and its much of current sexual offender policy within the United States relationship to the barriers experienced when seeking jobs. This runs counter to such literature, and instead, is based on common, analysis focuses on three research questions: 1) Do exotic pervasive myths about sexual offenders. Not surprisingly, recent dancers encounter obstacles when attempting to re-enter the work studies on sex offender policy effectiveness suggest that current force? 2) What kinds of obstacles do they encounter? 3) How do approaches are both costly and largely ineffective. In this paper, they overcome these obstacles? In depth interviews were we suggest that a longstanding socio-cultural climate of sex- conducted and preliminary results indicate exotic dancers negativity fuels common fears and misconceptions about sexual experience similar difficulties as prostitutes when re-entering the offending and about policy related to treatment and supervision. work force. Some ex-dancers even turned to club “regulars” for We present a positive sexuality model and consider how the occupational resources, which means that even when trying to effectiveness of dealing with sexual offending issues could be exit the sex industry, exotic dancers are still connected to the improved through using a positive sexuality approach to guide industry and the stigma that goes with it. Therefore, results policy. suggest there is a need to implement similar work re-socializing Closure or Censure?: Examining Determinants of Disclosure of programs for exotic dancers Sexual Assault among College Students Whitney Head- Fat Work: interactionally Managing Fat Stigma Tamara Burgess, Portland State University Sniezek, California State University Stanislaus Sexual assault is a common occurrence on college campuses, Interactional strategies to prevent and manage the stigma of with some projections indicating that one in four college women being fat were explored. In depth qualitative interviews with 17 will experience some kind of sexual assault or sexual coercion self described fat or formally fat people were undertaken. during her time on campus. Colleges and universities have been Interviews revealed that a great deal of time is spent anticipating actively policing and implementing policy regarding rape and potentially threatening situations and strategizing to avoid or sexual assault for over twenty years, yet they still remain highly minimize perceived stigma regarding their fat body. Virtually underreported crimes whose reported rates have not declined in any situation had perceived threats and a great deal of time is the last fifty years. This research endeavored to help gauge the spent anticipating such threats. The world for many fat people is true incidence of sexual assault on a mid-sized, public university threatening and anxiety producing. campus in the northwest by gaining a better understanding of the 157. Environmental Justice, Consciousness and Lifestyle mechanisms which facilitate sexual assault on and around the college campus and the disclosure practices of victims. Prior Environmental Sociology research indicated that fraternity/sorority systems and popular Formal research session athletics can foster an environment of male dominated space and 10:15 to 11:45 am a more normalized acceptance of sexual violence. This study Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B adds to the literature by examining determinants of sexual assault Session Organizer: and sexual violence disclosure by investigating the patterns of Robert Futrell, University of Nevada Las Vegas disclosure on a campus which lacks both a Greek system and large athletics department. Further, it allows for men, women Presider: and those on the gender spectrum to relate their experiences Erick Lopez, University of Nevada Las Vegas through an anonymous survey which substantially broaden the Participants: lens on gender, sexual assault and disclosure. Latinas/os and the Struggle for Environmental Justice in Registered Sex Offender Perceptions of the Public Sex Offender Suburbia: A Comparative Analysis Armando Xavier Mejia, University of Wisconsin, Madison & California State consumption often result in time depravation, stress, mental University, Long Beach illness, loss of community and disconnection with the natural Empirical research on environmental inequality in the United environment. The term voluntary simplicity lifestyle was first States has made it evident that racial and ethnic minorities are coined in the mid-thirties, however the actual starting point of disproportionately impacted by environmental pollution and are this lifestyle as it is popularly known goes back to the early disadvantaged in the environmental policy-making process. This sixties and seventies when American and European counter research has also demonstrated that grassroots mobilization is a cultures had strong anti-consumerist and environmentalist views. powerful means to achieve environmental justice and With the current global population growth we are faced with sustainability. Yet, the existing social science literature on natural resources being exploited and exhausted beyond their Latinos/as and environmental justice remains limited, and is in capacity to replenish themselves, therefore it is of great need of further analysis of the politics of environmental importance to consider ways to mitigate and reduce our current inequality in large metropolitan areas. This paper extends current consumption patterns. Recent studies conducted by research by examining environmental justice struggles in the psychological, economic and social disciplines suggest that Latino/a-majority suburban communities of Vernon and individuals have started to shift towards a more sustainable, Pacoima, CA. Several research questions guide the paper: 1) environmental and socially responsible way of living in response what types of environmental justice issues and advocacy exist in to the consumer culture. This study seeks to further explore the Latina/o-majority suburbs?; 2) how do environmental justice possible sub political motives that participants of voluntary movement organizations frame the issues impacting Latina/o- simplicity lifestyle engage in. majority suburbs?; and 3) what strategies and tactics do these Awakening Ecological Consciousness: Towards an organizations employ to influence urban and regional Ecopsychology for Young Children Genevieve Minter, environmental justice policies? The paper draws on qualitative University of Nevada Las Vegas data collected over twelve months with two environmental Working through the conceptual lens of ecopsychology, this justice movement organizations to answer these questions. Based paper uses content analysis of current American and European on these data, this paper proposes that environmental justice preschool environmental curricula, to understand if and how and organizing in majority-Latina/o suburbs is informed by a politics current pedagogical practices include aspects that address of community and/or place identification rather than a politics of students’ ecological unconsciousness. According to racial, class, or gender inequality, which has dominated the ecopsychological approaches, ecological unconscious refers to framing of contemporary environmental justice activism. The the essence of the mind that has been subjugated throughout research findings reveal that “place” and/or “community” history by socio-cultural, economic, and political changes that identification may be an equally powerful, yet overlooked, force established a duality between humans and nature. Ecological leading to successful organizing among Latinas/os and other unconsciousness is the result of an amputated organic connection populations experiencing environmental suffering. to the natural world throughout the progress of civilization. This Environmental Justice and the Metal Finishing Industry in Los amputation is a loss that many sense but do not well understand. Angeles Ward Thomas, California State University, It manifests as suffering, aggravation, and confusion projected Northridge through environmental exploitation. My research focuses on how The Environmental Justice (EJ) movement emerged in the 1980s to understand and address ecological unconsciousness through in response to polluting industries located in low-income environmentally enriching therapeutic experiences that can help minority communities throughout the United States. The Los to free the senses and promote a state of mind that transcends Angeles region is a major center for metal finishing industrial constraints. There is little research about how children, manufacturing, a major source of hexavalent chromium who will be responsible to address our environmental problems, emissions, a toxic chemical proven to cause cancer. For this are being taught in primary school setting in ways that reason, the industry in the region has been regulated by the EPA ecopsychologists ague can help overcome ecological since 1988 and has been required to reduce hexavalent chromium unconsciousness. My results suggest that very few of the emissions overtime. Moreover, the EPA is required to follow EJ curricula that I analyze actually involve practices that promote practices, including ensuring that all communities have equal ecological consciousness. Instead most curricula use practices protection from pollution and fair access to the decision-making which perpetuate ecological unconsciousness. I end by process. In this paper I investigate the following questions: Are describing how future research should seek to enrich early metal finishing firms in the Los Angeles region environmental education by promoting ecological consciousness disproportionately located in minority and low-income through embodied, sensory, and physical encounters with the communities (preliminary research suggests they are)? How has natural world beyond mental and auditory understanding. the EPA regulated the industry since 1988 and have the 158. Talking Circle: Sankofa: Reflecting on the Past as a Way to regulations been successful in reducing hexavalent chromium Make Positive Progress in Our Futures emissions? Are local communities knowledgeable about the Member and Committee Organized Sessions problem? Little research has been conducted on the success or Workshop or demonstration session failure of environmental policies implemented to reduce the health risks to low-income and minority communities. This is 10:15 to 11:45 am important because, at least in the short term, we can potentially Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A reduce environmental risks to these communities through Session Organizer: pollution prevention policies. I investigate the foregoing LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college questions through personal interviews with stakeholders, an at this time. analysis of EPA administrative records, and an analysis of information on chromium emissions from the metal finishing Presiders: industry contained in the EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory Garry Rolison, CSU, San Marcos Program. LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am not affiliated with a college Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyle and Environmentalism victor at this time. zamora, new mexico state university 159. Marxist Sociology / Critical Sociology Current climatic and environmental trends have begun to drive a Marxist Sociology/Critical Sociology mobilization of individuals that seek to move away from Formal research session consumerism and transition into a more socially and 10:15 to 11:45 am environmentally responsible way if living. Research to date to Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B suggest that lives oriented around obtaining high levels of Session Organizer: but also personal relationships, very little official scholarly- Berch Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno synergy has occurred. Active anarchist movements have had a noticeable influence upon numerous other current movements Presider: and insurrectionary episodes, and these experiences lend direct Berch Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno insights to how Sociology can benefit from an anarchist analysis Participants: of systems of domination, self-management, and horizontalist Marxism and Critical Sociology in the 21st Century Berch mutual aid. This paper presents the essential outlines of the Berberoglu, University of Nevada, Reno recently published (with Jeff Shantz) Anarchy & Society (Haymarket, 2014), a historiography on Nineteenth Century This paper provides an analysis of the nature of Marxism and connections between anarchists and sociologists, and preliminary critical sociology in the twenty-first century, with special focus results from dozens of interviews conducted with sociologists on particular areas of scholarship based on the Marxist and other about their knowledge of anarchism. critical traditions in sociology. As sociology takes on a more and more interdisciplinary approach to the study of the economy, The Left Hand of Capital: Cooptation, Corporatization, and the polity, and society, and becomes global in its scope, research and Unmaking of Two US Social Movements Michael A. Gould- scholarship in this area of sociological studies becomes important Wartofsky, New York University in addressing issues concerning political economy, income and In recent years, social scientists have furnished ample evidence wealth inequality, class structure, class relations, and class of the influence that corporate actors wield on U.S. social conflict, as well as race, gender, and global studies. Analyses of movements. Yet such scholarship has tended to focus on the role these and related issues within sociology from a Marxist or of capital in a narrow range of consumer, shareholder, or critical perspective becomes all the more important in this crisis “astroturf” activities. In this paper, I propose a new line of ridden age of globalization and globally based problems and inquiry into the causal influence of capital on the strategies, transformations that are yet to come as an extension of trajectories, and outcomes of two movements typically associated transformations that are already taking place in these areas on a with labor and the Left: 1) the immigrant rights movement of global scale. This paper highlights the central problematic of our 2006-13, and 2) the “99 Percent” movement of 2011-13. Why time – the nature, contradictions, and transformation of the did the forces aligned with each of these movements fail to capitalist system – that has impacted society and social relations impose any constraints on capital accumulation, despite the in a big way. The current state and future direction of society mobilization of a broad social base with the motivation and the under present conditions of capitalist globalization thus takes on capacity to fight for them? I hypothesize that this failure is an added importance in terms of the immense impact that it is causally connected with the internal limits imposed on their having on society in the 21st century. The paper thus argues that, range of action by the structural and associational power of given the importance of future developments in a variety of areas capital. To test my claims, I draw on evidence from the that affect social life, the viability of the continuation of a system Movement Resource Group, the Occupy Solidarity Network, that exploits and oppresses the vast majority of the world’s Inc., FWD.us, and the National Immigration Forum. In structural population for private gain is sure to be called into question – at terms, I find that the popular bases of both movements were least from the perspective of the great majority of the people who constrained by their dependence on capital, and by the are adversely being affected by its machinations. The paper asymmetries of time, power, and resources that follow from it. concludes by pointing to the tasks that are of central importance In instrumental terms, I find that movement strategies and in understanding and overcoming the forces that pose a threat to trajectories were also constrained by the active intervention of the future of humanity and the things that need to be done to set business associations, pro-business foundations, and individual us on the path of achieving the kinds of results that will have a employers: labor-intensive employers in the case of immigrant positive impact on the construction of a new egalitarian society rights, and capital-intensive investors in the case of the 99 free of exploitation and oppression as we currently experience Percent. under the force of global capitalism. 160. Racial Factors: Romance, Dating, Parents and Peers 21st Century Socialism in Ecuador Dana Rasch, Cal Poly, San Race/Ethnicity Luis Obispo Formal research session With the death of Hugo Chávez, Ecuadorian President Rafael 10:15 to 11:45 am Correa has been ordained by many as the leader of the 21st Century Socialist movement. The goal of Correa’s socialist Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C ‘citizens’ revolution’ is to insure that all Ecuadorians can 'live Session Organizer: well' through unimpeded access to key institutions. Focusing on Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University the field of healthcare, I argue that despite substantial Presider: achievements at the national level, the Correa-led revolution has Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa Cruz been unable to overcome the problem of “alienation” by neglecting one of the most fundamental principles of 21st Participants: Century Socialism: participatory democracy. In particular, the "I'm just open-minded": Black Women on their Interracial rebuilding of the healthcare field has resulted in the construction Romance Leilani M Pizano, California State University San of a bureaucratic organizational structure that enforces health Marcos policy from the “top-down” negating any opportunity for The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning meaningful participation on behalf of the citizenry. Needless to and experiences of interracial relationships for Black women. say, the direction of the ‘citizens’ revolution’ in Ecuador must be Although there is ample research on the subject of interracial rethought and reinvented in order to fulfill with the principles of unions, the perspectives of Black women engaged in these 21st Century Socialism. relationships has been largely ignored. Drawing from in depth, Building and Re-discovering an Anarchist Sociology: Radicals, one-on-one interviews with Black women who are, or have been, Social Scientists, Paradigm Development, and Revolution involved in interracial romantic unions, the participants’ views Dana Williams, California State University, Chico on and experiences with interracial, heterosexual relationships Like many insurgent movement philosophies and traditions have been examined herein. The following themes emerged from before it (e.g., feminism, Marxism, queer theory), the the women’s narratives and shared experiences: the adoption of contemporary anarchist movement is beginning to make in-roads colorblind ideology; managing relationships by avoiding into Sociology. While past anarchists (i.e., Kropotkin, Ward, and intolerant others; the re-stigmatization of Black men; and self- Goldman) and sociologists (i.e., Spencer, Weber, Durkheim, and realization as Black women. For the participants in this study, the Mills) have had not only intellectual familiarity with each other, freedom to choose non-Black men as romantic partners provided them with a sense of empowerment; thus, finding their 10:15 to 11:45 am experiences in interracial unions to be a learning process of Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D finding themselves. Session Organizer: Ethnic-Racial Socialization and Ethnic Identity Development: Marie Sarita Gaytan, University of Utah Assessing Parental and Peer Influence Matthew Grindal, Presider: University of California, Riverside Demetrios Psihopaidas, University of Southern California Ethnic identity development is a vital source of resiliency for people of color, having been linked in past work to a variety of Participants: improved psychological and behavioral health outcomes. Power and Authority in the Hospital: Comparing and Socialization messages stressing the importance of one’s ethnic Contrasting Masculinity Performances of Female Physicians group membership (ethnic-racial socialization; ERS) have been and Male Nurses Stephanie Nicole Wilson, University of consistently shown in past work to promote a developed ethnic Northern Colorado identity. Most of this past research, however, has only examined The Purpose of this research is to understand the power dynamics the influence of parental ethnic-racial socialization. The current that take place in the hospital setting based on gender and research extends on the literature by also assessing the role of occupation. Understanding the power dynamics between staff peer ethnic-racial socialization. Using a sample of Latino members may provide insight into the provide-patient (N=299) and Asian (N=200) college students, this study relationship. In general, the goal of this study is to investigate developed two 13-item measures for parental and peer ethnic- how female physicians and male nurses display power and racial socialization and examined their relationships to ethnic authority as a characteristic of masculinity while at work. The identity development. Factor analyses indicated the presence of study will look to hospitals, as opposed to a health clinic or the same three dimensions for both bases of socialization: family physician office, for two main reasons: 1) there is usually cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and promotion of a larger population of physicians and nurses at a hospital mistrust. Further, only parental and peer cultural socialization providing a larger pool to recruit participants from and 2) were associated with ethnic identity development. These results hospitals are unique as health care facilities with their capacity held for both Latino and Asian respondents. The broader for inpatients likely creating a sense of home for patients as well implications of these findings are discussed. as employees, and therefore facilitating an environment where Multiracials’ Integration into the U.S. Racial Hierarchy: providers feel free to perform identities like masculinity (this Evidence from Online Daters’ Racial Preferences Cynthia allegation will be explored further in the research process). Feliciano, University of California, Irvine; Jessica Kizer, Three female physicians and three male nurses have been University of California, Irvine recruited for interviews through hospital administration. If time Immigration and increased intermarriage have led to a growing permits for more interviews, more will follow. If hospital multiracial population in the United States, whose place in a authority allows, participant observation during participants’ changing U.S. racial structure is debated. This study examines work hours will take place as well, allowing displays of how self-identifying with more than one racial group relates to masculinity to come from action as well as word. Data collection racial dating choices – an outcome that has implications for will be finalized by February 1, 2015. assimilation trajectories and reveals multiracial individuals’ own The Angelina Effect Maria Betania Santos, CSULA agency in that process. Analyses of data from online dating Statement of the Problem In May of 2013, Angelina Jolie profiles reveal divergent patterns in stated racial preferences announce to the world that she had undergone a radical among multiracials who identify as Black compared with those prophylactic procedure called a bilateral mastectomy after being who do not. Consistent with Whitening theory, non-Black genetically tested and diagnosed positive for the genetic mutation multiracials express racial preferences that are similar to Whites. BRCA 1, or more commonly known as the cancer gene. This However, contrary to the one-drop rule’s predictions, we find genetic mutation causes women to be predisposed in getting that Black exceptionalism among Black multiracials is largely breast cancer and ovarian cancer especially at an early age. Jolie limited to those whom outsiders perceive as Black. Only decided to undergo the radical decision that is becoming very multiracial individuals who are perceived as Black by others, popular, to have a prophylactic or preventative bilateral regardless of their self-identity, appear to be assimilating into the mastectomy; the full removal of both breast. Although other Black racial group. women in the spotlight throughout the years have come out in ¿Quién somos (Who are we)? Self-identification of mixed race public after undergoing the same procedure (i.e Christina & multiethnic Latinos Briana Angela Jex, University of Applegate, Juliana Rancic), when Angelina announced it, it Southern California became the headline for many media outlets. Many argue that this type of acknowledgment was positive in raising awareness to This study examines multiracial and multiethnic Latinos self- all women about brca mutations and possible options in identification and dating preferences. As a child of Belizean preventing disease, while on the other hand the way in which immigrants my racial/ethnic “ambiguity” and dating preferences media outlets have covered details in Jolie’s decision are said to challenged popular cultural models and were absent from the be just focused on “image” and solely around her beauty. scholarly literature. Thus, in this study I am interested in Although this procedure might seem radical and extreme, it is multiethnic Latinos self-identification and dating preferences. becoming more and more popular in the struggle to prevent Twenty eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted cancer, and there is a growing number of young women that are with mixed-race Latinos and multiethnic Latino college students. having to making this difficult choice. With the advent of genetic Multiracial Latinos felt constrained in how they self-identified counseling 15 years ago, many women are finding out they have due to their phenotype and fluency or lack of fluency in Spanish. BRCA gene and must choose whether to have a prophylactic Multiethnic Latinos typically used Latino/Hispanic to self- mastectomy. Other women are making this choice after they’ve identify and identified with their specific Latino ethnic groups found out that they have an aggressive form of breast cancer. If based on the situation. I also found that majority of my so many women are beginning to pursue this procedure then one respondents, whether multiethnic or multiracial, were less likely must ask how does the media, in this particular case in regards to to date outside their racial or ethnic groups they identified with. Angelina Jolie, effect those individuals decisions on health. Keywords: Afro-Latinos; Asian/Latino, White/Latino; self- identity; dating preferences. The Intersex Kids Are Alright? Georgiann Davis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 161. Health and Health Care The voices of children with intersex traits are highlighted in this Gender study. When babies are born, we immediately categorize them as Formal research session “boy” or “girl” based on any number of arbitrary sex markers. movements using the concepts of framing and narratives, but we However, this categorization process is flawed in the sense that it suggest that there are additional ways to think about how assumes sex and gender are binary characteristics correlated with information in social movements is disseminated. In particular, one another. The problems with this categorization is most we argue that social movements can act as information brokers visible in those born with intersex traits which surface as attempting to shape discourses on topics both by (a) developing “ambiguous” external genitalia, sexual organs and/or as sex their own credibility as authorities on the particular issues they chromosomes that deviate from normative expectations. The work on, (b) educating participants towards the end of generating intersex “abnormality” is usually discovered at birth, or when expertise, and (c) building channels to spread that information as one is still a minor child. The medical response, for decades now, widely as possible. To make our case, we draw on interviews and has been to impose hormonal and/or surgical interventions in ethnographic work with an environmentalist coalition to support order to shoehorn the intersex body into the sex binary. Although these claims, including autoethnographic analysis on our we know that medical intervention has left many adults with experiences in being educated on the topics the movement we are intersex traits feeling mutilated and angry about how they were studying addresses. Through this work, we contribute to our treated as babies and young children who had little or no voice in knowledge of how expertise and information are organized and consenting (or not) to the medical interventions that were mobilized in contemporary political fields by movement actors. enforced on their bodies, there has been absolutely no systematic Does Emotion Matter? An Examination of Affect in Queer social science research that assesses how children, themselves, Social Protest Eric Alexander Baldwin, University of conceptualize and experience their medical “abnormalities.” Children, quite simply, are missing from the discussion of California, Irvine intersexuality, when they are the ones—more often than not— This project comes together at the intersection of interests in subjected to medical treatments. In this presentation, I hope to queer social movements, their internal relations, modes of begin to fill this gap. More specifically, I describe how children narration within those movements, and the role of emotion in with intersex traits experience their condition, understand their social protest. More specifically, this research is informed by an diagnosis, and describe their relationships with doctors and interest in how social movement actors mobilize people and parents. social, legal, and political institutions to rectify perceived injustices and the ways in which existing institutional The Role of Gender in Understanding How Cancer Shapes the arrangements structure the paths of social movements. To that Self and Identity of Cancer Patients Laura Elizabeth Rogers, end, this project is the product of an archival research project of University of California, San Diego the Gay Community News. This periodical, published bimonthly Nearly half of the U.S. population will be diagnosed with some from 1973 to 1992, served as a paper of record for the gay form of cancer in their lifetime and every year more than 1.5 liberation movement in the United States and reported on a million Americans are diagnosed (ACS 2012). The word ‘cancer’ variety of issues including AIDS, civil rights, feminism, and carries significant cultural weight and often induces fear of death, other like-minded movements. The paper was national, and in its intense treatment, and loss of control. Control over one’s own later years of publication, international in scope and reported on body is fundamental to maintaining one’s self-identity (Shilling social, political, economic, judicial, and cultural issues relevant 1993) and losing that control during cancer treatment can alter an to the queer community of the era. This research asks the individual’s sense of self. There is a perception that undergoing question: Does emotion matter in social movements? I aim to cancer treatment creates a loss of a sense of self or identity and explain the role of emotion in social protest and its effect on while this has been investigated, particularly for breast cancer claim making. While much work has been done that confirms the patients’ and their self-image (Ferguson 2000; Klawiter 2004; existence of emotion in social protest and its strategic Rasmussen, Hansen, and Elverdam 2010; Rosenbaum and Roos deployment in social movements, little work has been done on 2000; Lorde 1980), there has been little research on how both what role emotion plays in the formation of claims. I will argue women and men experience and understand their experience that emotion is not a relevant factor in movement claim making. undergoing cancer treatment. Through analysis of 60 interviews Everything but the Funnel Cake: Cultural Expressions and the with breast cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and University of Puerto Rico Student Occupation Katherine gynecological cancer patients and survivors, I find that men and women talk about their cancer experience and their sense of self Everhart, Northern Arizona University in divergent ways. More surprisingly, women are less likely to In the summer of 2010, students of the University of Puerto Rico talk about a loss of self but actually discuss finding themselves, (UPR) occupied 11 campuses of the island-wide system for 62 gaining strength, and being empowered. Cancer, for men, days in protest of austerity measures by newly elected Governor challenges their power and men often discuss feeling out of Luis Fortuño. Over time, the occupation became known as “The control. Creative Strike,” distinguishing it from past political protest, based on the overwhelming presence of cultural expression. My 162. Activist Discourse and Cultural Expression in Organized analysis illuminates the elevated role of cultural expressions as a Social Movements means to manage movement pluralism and infighting, showing Social Movements and Social Change how aesthetics are deployed to both unify and differentiate Formal research session movement participants. Drawing upon two years of ethnographic 10:15 to 11:45 am data, including both on-site and virtual observations, 31 in-depth Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E interviews, and movement documentation, I argue that 21st century methods of communication, including new media, paved Session Organizer: the way for an emerging set of tactics in response to increasing Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus austerity measures and social inequality. The protest at the UPR Presider: resembles past actions like the Battle of Seattle in 1999 and Danielle Duckett, California State University - Stanislaus anticipated coming actions, such as the Occupy movement. Therefore, the dissertation reveals both longstanding protest Participants: challenges and modern configurations in culture, politics, and Becoming an expert through protest: How an environmental civic engagement, and in this way, it is situated at the nexus of coalition mobilizes information and expertise Todd Nicholas two sociological sub-fields: culture and social movements. Fuist, Western Washington University; Amy Stavig, Western Feminist analysis of the popular media discourse surrounding Washington University voluntary childlessness Danielle Duckett, California State One of the key tasks of social movements is the dissemination University - Stanislaus; Meggan Jordan, California State and mobilization of information. Scholars of social movements University - Stanislaus have typically understood information promotion in social Over the past three decades, fertility rates in advanced Session Organizer: industrialized countries have reached levels at or below Jennifer Keene, UNLV replacement. Academics, women’s groups, and the popular press are currently debating the causes and consequences of this Presider: uncertain demographic landscape. One of the more popular Mark Bird, College of Southern Nevada explanations for declining fertility is the confluence of job Participants: insecurity, welfare regimes, and persistent gender inequalities in Demonstrating Inequality Via Tables Mark Bird, College of the family. Such empirical explanations for growing Southern Nevada childlessness in a given population, while important, correspond 650 Laws in Sociology By Mark Bird 650 Laws in Sociology is a with popular “doomsday” discourses about declining fertility. concise book organized into 62 chapters that follow the content Thus, a modest drop in a prosaic statistic—the fertility rate— sequence of most introductory sociology textbooks. Each results in rebellious statements like “baby boycott,” a “radical chapter is about four pages. The book includes 39 tables and a rejection of motherhood,” or “birth strike.” Dismissing these glossary. None of the 650 laws are laws in the legal sense. statements as reactionary and overzealous is a common Instead, all these laws can be viewed as factors, patterns or response—but the discourse of declining fertility may be an principles that clarify a given social science topic. Per 1,000 important object of study in its own right. As Gal and Klingman words, this book may have more science content than any other (2000) argue, when transformations in women’s reproductive intro text. This reader-friendly book contains a forceful sketch of choices enters the public sphere, it activates a “political dozens of traditional sociological topics. Non-traditional topics discourse” that “symbolically delegitimizes the old social order” include “laws” relative to topics on worker conditions in the 19th while helping to “imagine and interpret the new.” Consequently, century, nuclear war, parenting, early Christianity, college we could ask: how does everyday discourse about fertility and benefits, environmental tipping points, and the future of the U.S. activist organizing around motherhood challenge existing modes of thought about the relationship between women’s bodies and Measuring Housing Adequacy in the Arctic Nelta Edwards, the state? Thus, the purpose of this presentation is to launch an University of Alaska Anchorage examination of the contemporary discourse about declining How should social scientists measure housing adequacy in the fertility. How the popular press frames childlessness as a mass Arctic? Critics of the mostly commonly used measure, persons protest will be explored. per room (PPR), point out that the measure may have the effect 163. What do Living Wage Movements Mean for Working of coercing Arctic indigenous people to comply with the dominant culture’s understanding about how many people should Women? live in a house and how that house should be used. However, Member and Committee Organized Sessions houses built in the Arctic, from the 1950s onward, have seldom Panel discussion met the needs of Arctic dwellers. They have worn out faster than 10:15 to 11:45 am they might have under intended uses, and are now often in need Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F of substantial repair. Houses in poor condition can be used Women represent nearly two-thirds of minimum wage workers. Working against indigenous people, as evidence of their ineptitude when, full-time and year-round at the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour in fact, the houses were never built with their way of living in leaves a woman with two children thousands of dollars below the poverty mind. line. Following decades of stagnating wages, communities began 166. Navigating Family organizing Living Wage campaigns to increase wages and benefits, hold Marriage, Family, and Reproduction companies accountable who profit from taxpayer dollars, and change the narrative about community development. This panel examines the Formal research session implications of the Long Beach Living Wage Movement for working 1:45 to 3:15 pm women and their families in Long Beach. Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific Session Organizers: Session Organizer: Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus Amanda Admire, University of California, Riverside Presider: Presider: Maura Kelly, Portland State University Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach Participants: Discussant: Doing Housework, Doing Gender: Queer Couples Negotiate the Mike Chavez, CSU Long Beach Household Division of Labor Maura Kelly, Portland State Panelists: University; Elizabeth Hauck, Portland State University Nikole Cababa, Filipino Migrant Center Drawing on interviews with 30 queer participants who are Lorena Lopez, UniteHere Local 11 currently cohabitating with a partner, we examine the negotiation Kokayi Kwa Jitahidi, Los Angeles Alliance for a New of the household division of labor. We expand the scope of Economy previous research to assess housework practices among both sexual and gender minorities. We suggest the division of 164. Presidential Address and Awards Ceremony domestic labor in these queer couples represents a practice of Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting redoing gender through challenging normative gender roles and Event creating alternatives for how gender shapes social life. 12:00 to 1:30 pm Specifically, a heteronormative division of household labor based on sex category is replaced by one that is shaped by time Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A availability and personal preferences as well as broader social Session Organizer: context, such as labor force participation and citizenship. Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Examining Conflict in Intergenerational Relationships of Gay, 165. Housing and Inequality Lesbian, and Bisexual Adult Children Adriana Avila, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Poverty California State University, Los Angeles Formal research session Few studies have examined the intergenerational family 1:45 to 3:15 pm relationships of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Lesbian, gay, Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor and bisexual adults make up a marginalized group of individuals whose sexual orientation disrupts expectations of a heteronormative society. The literature on family relationships Kathleen Stanley, Oregon State University suggests that adult children who do not make normative life Dwaine Edward Plaza, Oregon State University transitions to employment, marriage, and child bearing are more Breandan Jennings, Oregon State University likely to encounter conflict with their older parents. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether sexual orientation also 168. Access to the City, Social Justice and Sustainability influences the levels of conflict adult children experience with Urban and Community Studies their older parents. Data from lesbian, gay, and bisexual adult Formal research session children (N =40) and their parents (N =80) who participated in 1:45 to 3:15 pm 1991-2005 waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations are Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B compared with a matched sample of heterosexual adult children (N =40) and their parents (N =80) on levels of conflict and Session Organizer: conflict tactic use. Preliminary analyses indicate that lesbian, Carol Ward, Brigham Young University gay, and bisexual adult children have a greater degree of conflict Presider: with at least one parent when compared to heterosexual adult Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke children. This study contributes to the literature on adult child- parent relationships in three ways: (1) it shows that normative Participants: expectations about sexual orientation lead to family conflict as Chuck Geary: Appalachian, Community Organizer, Forgotten does failure in other life transitions, (2) it examines an Warrior for the Poor Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke understudied sexual minority group, and (3) it includes reciprocal Chuck Geary was the head of a coalition of organizations known reports from both adult children and their older parents. The as the Uptown Area People’s Planning Coalition (UAPPC) in the results are discussed in terms of the implications for the Life 1960s that opposed a project to build a community college in the Course Theoretical Perspective. area known as Uptown in Chicago. The opposition involved Gender Norms, Social Attitudes, and Health Behaviors: gathering together architects, planners, and community members Understanding Young Adult Women Smokers in South to propose an alternative plan to resist displacement of thousands Korea. Juhee Woo, University of Colorado, Boulder of residents threatened by the construction of the community college. Geary was also involved in the founding of the Original Based on the semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 young Rainbow Coalition with members with members of the Young adult women smokers in South Korea, I explore how gender Patriots Organization before the more well- known organization norms and social attitudes in Korean society affect these of the same name associated with Jesse Jackson. This paper women’s smoking behaviors (smoking places and plans to quit). examines surviving photographs, film footage, first person For example, most women smokers avoided smoking in public accounts, and newspapers to document of Geary’s work in due to the negative social attitudes toward women smokers in Uptown to paint a picture of a little-known, but important figure Korean society. Also,they planned on quitting smoking before in community organizing in Chicago. they get married and pregnant. For these women, cigarette smoking was a stress reliever, habit, and leisure time, yet at the Plans or Pavement or for People?: Social Sustainability and same time, something they have to evade in order to achieve Urban Cycling Infrastructure Amy Lubitow, Portland State responsible motherhood. In brief, this paper discusses the University; Bryan Zinschlag, Portland State University; Nate negotiation between gender norms, social attitudes, and smoking Rocehster, Portland State University behaviors of the young adult women smokers in South Korea. In the context of economic and environmental concerns in urban 167. Developing a Culture of Engagement for Undergraduate areas, bicycling has become an increasingly popular form of Sociology Students urban transportation in the United States. Sustainability advocates promote bike infrastructure development as an urgent Teaching Sociology priority and beneficial for all citizens, and express this urgency in Panel discussion order to justify ‘fast tracking’ projects, sometimes to the 1:45 to 3:15 pm exclusion of sufficient community engagement. In certain Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A communities this fast tracking, no matter how it is justified, may Session Organizer: be met with suspicion and resistance. This study considers one Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State University such case from 2003, in which the Chicago Department of Transportation proposed bikeway development in Chicago’s Presider: predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood of Humboldt Park, Lori Cramer, Oregon State University along a stretch of Division Street known as Paseo Boricua Participant: (‘Puerto Rican Promenade’) – the business district and cultural Developing a Culture of Engagement for Undergraduate center of the United States’ second largest Puerto Rican Sociology Students Michelle Inderbitzin, Oregon State community. Utilizing data from semi-structured qualitative interviews of community members and city officials, this paper University; Lori Cramer, Oregon State University; Kathleen demonstrates how different stakeholders in the Humboldt Park Stanley, Oregon State University; Dwaine Edward Plaza, neighborhood perceived bike lane infrastructure development, Oregon State University; Breandan Jennings, Oregon State how decision-making processes have sometimes marginalized University community residents who are not active bicyclists, and how The most effective teaching faculty lead by example, sharing community residents might be integrated into the process of their enthusiasm for community engagement with students and bicycle planning initiatives. We conclude by arguing that the colleagues. A critical mass of engaged faculty can lead to a broader construction of bicycling as a universal good, and a top- vibrant and engaged department that combines a deep and vital down approach to decision-making in Chicago, created obstacles learning experience for students with an environment of caring to more racially and ethnically diverse bike ridership. These for and working with community partners. In this panel questions fill an important conceptual gap in the literature on presentation, faculty members from the Department of Sociology urban sustainability by clarifying the conditions that may prevent at Oregon State University will share their experiences community buy-in related to sustainable infrastructures. incorporating experiential learning and community engagement - Rights to the City and Spatial Justice: The Search for Social including service-learning, hybrid courses, undergraduate Justice Post-1970 Long Beach Lauren Madden, California research, international courses,flipped classrooms, and State University Long Beach developmental advising - into the undergraduate curriculum. A historical narrative of Long Beach in the rights to the city and Panelists: spatial justice literature has remained untold within the broader California narrative. This analysis looks at the case of Long farmers engage in this type of agricultural practice.Without Beach and focuses on two critical junctures in its development. farmers we wouldn’t have food, yet we know little about their The concept of rights to the city centers on social justice for experiences in the industrial food system. Thus, this project will anyone dispossessed by the conditions of urban life which can be fill this gap by studying the labor process in one particular achieved by creating space for increased democratic participation industrial food sector: poultry farming. Poultry was the first and inclusivity over the production of the city for all social livestock agricultural sector to undergo the transformation from groups. Related to rights to the city, spatial justice theory posits subsistence, family production logic to industrial production that the current system of urban restructuring and development logic and it has served as a model for the industrialization of reproduce injustices through factors such as uneven other meat sectors. Because of this long and extended history of development, disinvestment, and marginalization. Rights to the industrialization in poultry farming, it is an ideal case study of city and spatial justice both underscore challenging existing these long-term transformations. This project will fill this gap in power relations that drive the production of urban space. While the industrialization of agriculture literature, focusing in the focus of this research is limited to Long Beach, the particular on the role of gender in poultry farming. Gender is a implications are much broader; the concepts of rights to the city key, albeit ignored, component of the organization of poultry and spatial justice are about understanding and transforming farming both historically and contemporarily. In the farm global processes by starting at the local level. The findings household at the turn of the twentieth century women were generated from the analysis of two prominent Long Beach social largely in control of chicken flocks, but by the end of WWII movement organizations, The Long Beach Area Citizens poultry farming was largely done by men. Today, 79% of all Involved and The Long Beach Coalition for Good Jobs and a poultry farm operators are men, well above the 69.8% of men Healthy Community, suggest that community members have overall operating farms in the US today, according to the USDA. successfully challenged the processes underlying the In addition to this gendered history, farming is generally is development of Long Beach in the pursuit of social justice. associated with masculinity and men. Thus, in order to understand why farmers practice industrial agriculture, we must 169. Responding to the Right Wing attack on Higher Education: understand the gendered components of this contested production The Case for Engaged Scholarship system. Education—Higher Education Structures and Meanings in Subsistence Food Production Panel discussion Ashley Lynn Colby, Washington State University 1:45 to 3:15 pm The proposed research seeks to understand the structural Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C influences as well as the emergent meanings associated with the Session Organizers: act of subsistence food production (SFP). Although we know that Fred Block, UC Davis certain aspects of SFP, such as food gardening, are on the rise in Tom Medvetz, University of California, San Diego recent years, we do not know why. This study intends to use Discussants: semi-structured interviews as well as participant observation in three field sites – urban, rural, and suburban – in the Chicagoland Preston Rudy, San Jose State University area. Within each field site, I expect to speak with respondents Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento that represent a variety of class or socioeconomic statuses. My 170. An egagement with Heather Talley's "Saving Face" hope is to answer the research questions: what structural forces Ethnography (e.g. economic, life course) influenced the decision to partake in Workshop or demonstration session SFP, how do the meanings associated with SFP compare by specific cultural context, and what are the environmental impacts 1:45 to 3:15 pm of participation in SFP? Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Nature Spectacles: Horticulture Performances in Las Vegas Session Organizer: Casinos Nicholas Baxter, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University The Las Vegas Strip is a highly commodified space defined by Presider: the entertainment, simulacra, and pastiche characteristics that are Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University the epitome of Guy Debord’s concept of “cultural spectacle.” In Discussants: this paper, I analyze the garden spaces on the Las Vegas Strip to Katie Ann Hasson, University of Southern California understand the ways in which they create cultural spectacles of Heather Talley, Independent Scholar nature. I utilize auto-ethnographic, participant observation, and in-depth interviewing to experience and understand the gardens Shari Dworkin, University of California San Francisco as cultural objects and physical spaces. I make three arguments Dan Morrison, Pepperdine University based on these observations. First, I claim the gardens are Kjersten Gruys, Stanford University “horticulture performances” representative of a type of cultural 171. Environment and Culture: Cultivating Nature and spectacle. The aim of these performances is to distract, entertain, and create imagined landscapes for visitors to lose themselves in. Meanings Second, I argue that the casino gardens are physical spaces which Environmental Sociology require significant amounts of time, revenue, and resources to Formal research session produce and maintain. Finally, I argue that these nature 1:45 to 3:15 pm performances frame the Las Vegas environment as a tropical Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B paradise while simultaneously cloaking the environmental reality Session Organizer: that Las Vegas is pushing the limits of sustainability. Robert Futrell, University of Nevada Las Vegas 172. Special Issue of The American Sociologist, Part 1: Serving Presider: Collective Needs in a Shifting Context Tyler S Schafer, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Presidential Sessions Participants: Panel discussion Contracted Masculinity: Gender, Poultry, and the Rise of 1:45 to 3:15 pm Industrial Agriculture Elizabeth C Miller, University of Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A Oregon Session Organizers: Industrial agriculture is considered a serious social problem for a Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands myriad of reasons, yet there has been little scholarship on why Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University Presider: Anthony Ocampo, California State Polytechnic University Valerie Jenness, University of California, Irvine Pomona Participants: Jane Ward, University of California, Riverside A Brief History of the Pacific Sociological Association Dean S. 175. Subverting Gendered Micro-aggressions: Tactics from the Dorn, CSU Sacramento Trenches The Ecology of Decline and Revitalization in PSA Jonathan Member and Committee Organized Sessions Turner, UC-Riverside Panel discussion The Quality of Recent Pacific Sociological Association 1:45 to 3:15 pm Meetings: Location, Session Quality, and Institutional Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C Change Enrico Marcelli, SDSU; Charles F. Hohm, San Session Organizer: Diego State University; Jane Kil, UCLA Center for Health Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Anchorage Policy Research; Genesis Reyes, San Diego State University Presider: Homesteading in the Wild West: An Appreciation of the Pacific Zeynep Kilic, University of Alaska Anchorage Sociological Association Harry J. Mersmann, San Joaquin Panelists: Delta College Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San Between Scylla and Charybdis: Designing, Implementing, and Marcos Assessing Innovations in the Annual PSA Meetings Dennis Toni Griego-Jones, University of Arizona J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands; Erika DeJonghe, California State Polytechnic University, Amy J. Orr, Linfield College Pomona Research-in-Progress Sessions Create a More Inclusive and Jodi O'Brien, seattle university Engaging Regional Conference Matthew Carlson, Portland 176. Health, Economic Status, and Social Status in Studies of the State University; Tina Burdsall, Portland State University Lifecourse The Regional Journal in Sociology: Recent Trends and Life Course and Aging Observations Jessica Schultz, University of Oregon; James Formal research session Elliott, Rice University; Robert M O'Brien, University of 1:45 to 3:15 pm Oregon Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D Some Thoughts on Sociology Journal Publishing in the 21st Session Organizer: Century David A. Smith, Dr. Anna Muraco, Loyola Marymount University Challenges in Governance for the PSA as a Regional Participants: Sociological Association Kathy J Kuipers, University of Do Close Intergenerational Relations in Mid-Life Reduce Montana; Laura Obernesser, University of Montana Parents’ Morbidity Fifteen Years Later? Erik Blanco, 173. Re-Visioning People, Place, and Power: Building a Social California State University, Los Angeles Justice Movement in Long Beach, California Research has shown that social support has a positive influence Presidential Sessions on health and even recovery from surgery. However, most Panel discussion research has not been able to examine the relationship between social support and health with long-term longitudinal data. The 1:45 to 3:15 pm purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B affectional solidarity between adult children and middle-age Session Organizer: parents has a protective effect on older parents’ morbidity 15 Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach years later. Data from 350 middle aged adults who had adult Presider: children and who had participated in the 1985 and 2000 waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations were used to examine the Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach influence of emotional close intergenerational relationships on Discussant: parents’ health. Preliminary results suggest that those middle- Chris Tilly, UCLA age adults who reported high levels of affectual solidarity with Panelists: their adult children suffered from a smaller number of chronic Roxana Tynan, Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy health conditions two decades later. The results are discussed in Tom Walsh, UniteHere11 terms of the buffering effect of close family ties on the health outcomes of older adults. Jeannine Pearce, Long Beach Coalition for Good Jobs and a Health Community The Fluidity of Health: Changes in Functional Abilities among Older Japanese Anna Penner, UC Irvine 174. Author Meets Critic: James Joseph Dean, "Straights: We utilize the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Heterosexuality in Post-Closeted Culture" (NYU Press, 2014) Aging data to examine the change in functional ability of Member and Committee Organized Sessions Japanese 65 years or older over the span of 10 years. We use Author-meets-critic format three scales (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of 1:45 to 3:15 pm daily living, and activities necessary to operate outside the home) Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B to investigate if some functions decline earlier or more quickly than others. While health among older adults is often thought to Session Organizer: steadily decline, we find that there various rates of deterioration. Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona We also find that functional improvement may occur Presider: simultaneously with functional deterioration, so that an Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills individual who has one function diminish may see improvement Discussants: in another function. The number of other functioning difficulties is the only consistent indicator besides age of the likelihood of a Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills function improving or declining over time, though some James Joseph Dean, Sonoma State University functions are affected by other covariates such as gender or the presence of chronic illnesses. increasingly radical leadership of organized labor begins to take How Life Course Affect The Timing of Receiving Social stock of labor’s ability to lead the struggle on multiple fronts, Security Income Fang-Yi Huang, University of Florida confronting capital head on and scoring victories across the globe that have immense political implications. The paper argues that According to theory of the welfare state, economic resource in the absence of viable political parties of labor and of the redistribution fosters equality and social stability. However, in oppressed masses in general, the labor movement is poised to fill the U.S., some studies revealed that retired women reported the void and take on capital in the final struggle for state power. fewer total retirement resources than retired men. More That this is bound to happen in this twenty-first century is an idea importantly, people have cumulative disadvantages during life whose time has come and is long overdue and is highly likely course. That will make the situation worse. My research’s now that the labor movement has come to realize this and is question is to know how life course affect the timing of receiving about to take appropriate action to advance its interests. It is for social security income (SSI), and whether people elect or not this reason that labor is bound to play a central role in the including the social determinants of individual level such as transformation of global capitalism in the twenty-first century. gender, race, age, and SES, and the factors of family level such as family income, housing quality, and poverty threshold. Union Attitudes in the Mormon Cultural Area Paul Jacobs, Besides, this study also inspects how marital status and health Utah State University; Christy Glass, Utah State University condition affect people on the decision of whether to elect or not Union membership has declined substantially over the past in past decade in U.S.A. To sum up, this study contributes to several decades. Right-to-work states such as Utah and Idaho apprehend comprehensive social demographic factors of the have lower than average union density rates. Despite the decline timing of receiving social security income and the determinants in unionization, research by Freeman and Rogers (1999) of whether people elect or not. This study is an ethical, indicates that there is a consistent gap between union sociological, socioeconomic and political imperative to critically membership and the desire among workers to join a union. Key examine models of the electing timing of social security systems predictors explaining union support come from two predominant and search the possibilities of a better policy of social security schools of theory. The first theoretical camp focuses on union income in USA. This project may not only benefit US social instrumentality where unions are seen as best capable of security policy but also advance the elderly retirement decision addressing injustices and unfair labor practices in the workplace. by bringing in the latest data of HRS, which may also have The second theoretical school centers on union support policy implications for U.S. retirement study regime. determined by the degree to which union leaders care about their Social Construction of Elder's Status In Rural and Urban Areas members and are seen as sufficiently independent from political of District Faisalabad Basharat Ali, University of Agriculture or employer influence. In addition, political and cultural factors have also posited to structure worker views toward organized Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan labor. This study relies on survey data of electrical workers in the Abstract Elder status is in transitional phase with the changing highly Mormon cultural area of northern Utah and southern society’s norms and values. In modern society status of elders are Idaho. First, we inspect whether or not the gap between frequently changing, while in traditional societies elder status is unionization and the desire to join a union persists in this unique still adhered with the convention and experience less alteration. cultural area. Questions are structured to test the effect of union The current study will provide information regarding the instrumentality versus union support on attitudes toward unions relationship of elderly people to the other members of the while controlling for religion and political orientation. Results society, risk factors, rights of elder people, and finally suggest indicate that the gap between union membership and the desire to some desirable interventions that will be implemented in order to join a union persists in the highly Mormon, highly Republican control their abuse. Quantitative research design will be used for cultural area and that issues related to union support such as the study. Data will be collected from urban and rural areas of exposure to unions and worker views toward the priorities of Faisalabad. Multistage sampling technique will be used for union leaders are most predictive of electrical worker attitudes selection of 200 respondents. Instrument of data collection will toward labor unions. be questionaire. Unusual Labor Solidarities: A Case Study of California Faculty 177. Neoliberalism and Labor Solidarity Association, Long Beach Chapter, 2009-2012 Teresa Labor and Labor Movements Zimmerman-Liu, University of California, San Diego Formal research session The Long Beach Chapter of the California Faculty Association is 1:45 to 3:15 pm an anomaly in our anti-union era with a membership rate of 60% Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E of all faculty members. It is also unusual in that tenured faculty Session Organizer: activists work closely with lecturer activists without any sense of Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach division due to rank. Moreover, the union is highly respected on campus. This study seeks to understand how the CFA LB chapter Participants: achieved its current unusual success. It finds that a major change The Centrality of the Labor Movement in the Struggle Against occurred in January 2009 when the new chapter president began Global Capitalism in the 21st Century Berch Berberoglu, fully implementing the statewide union’s strategies of social University of Nevada, Reno movement unionism. The most critical factor was the decision to This paper provides an analysis of the structure and dynamics of frame all union actions in terms of social justice for students and neoliberal capitalist globalization and the centrality of the labor the community. This frame helped foster solidarity among movement in the struggle against global capitalism in the twenty- faculty of different ranks and disciplines. It further enhanced the first century. Providing an analysis of the rise and evolution of chapter’s ability to build coalitions with student and community neoliberal capitalism across the globe, the paper focuses on the organizations. Another important factor in the chapter’s success forces of change that are embedded in the global capitalist system was its ability to open channels of communication and to get its stemming from the inherent contradictions that engender such message out to faculty, students, and even administrators. transformation on a global scale. The paper highlights the Chapter officers became an important voice for the needs of exploitation of labor and the central position that labor occupies faculty and students in the campus considerations for dealing in the capital accumulation process – a process that generates with the budget-cut crises. Union communications with clear data stresses and strains in the form of class contradictions leading to about the issues further mobilized faculty members and students class struggles that are based on the confrontation between labor to participate in actions related to labor contract negotiations, and capital. The paper argues that as the class contradictions of political activism, and social justice in the community. Success this confrontation become visible and lead to heightened class bred success as each successful action contributed to the consciousness that takes on an organizational character, the chapter’s excellent reputation, enhanced solidarity among activists, and attracted more people to join. was a group of selected YouTube videos of the Green Social Movement of 2009. Using content analysis as a methodology, I 178. Intersectionalities in Social Movement Activism have analyzed the data by doing a coding and thematic analysis. Social Movements and Social Change This process was guided by the researcher’s positionalities and Formal research session by three main tenets of social movements’ theories, 1) collective 1:45 to 3:15 pm behavior, 2) resource mobilization and 3) political opportunity. Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Drawing on critical feminism theories this study offer insights on Session Organizer: how Iranian women negotiate and critique gender politics in a Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus patriarchal driven regime and society. During the Green Social Movement2009, Iranian women were demanding gender equality Presider: and fighting against the ideological Islamist government of Iran. Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State University Iranian women were actively fighting for their rights, in spite of Participants: all the restrictions and oppressions from the Iranian regime. Printmaking Politics: Intersections of Immigrant and Queer Women's Maternalist and Community Activism: An Rights Movements Maricela DeMirjyn, Colorado State Intersectional Perspective on Women’s Community University Engagement Ellen R Reese, UC-Riverside; Ian R This essay examines printmaking politics exhibited by digital and Breckenridge-Jackson, UC-Riverside; Julisa R McCoy, UC- poster artworks advocating for immigrant and queer rights Riverside movements. Overlapping social justice themes are investigated, This paper provides an overview of the literature on women's as well as areas of exclusion within the collaborative efforts by maternalist mobilization and community engagement in the immigrant and queer activists, such as representations supporting United States, using an intersectional perspective. Maternalist transgender immigrant rights. In addition, the ways in which mobilization refers to an “empowered motherhood or public creativity has become a generative force in pursuing the expression of those domestic values associated in some way with reinvention of justice through poster design is analyzed. motherhood” (Weiner 1993: 96). Since the beginning of the The Emerging Ecosexual Movement: A Case Study of twentieth century, women activists have used maternalist rhetoric Intersectional Activism Jennifer Jean Reed, University of to justify all sorts of goals, both progressive and conservative. Nevada, Las Vegas Women have also had a long history of engagement within their local communities and neighborhoods to solve various social In 2011, TIME magazine named “The Protester” as Person of the problems, particularly as they relate to issues outside of their Year in tribute to the wave of global protest movements which workplaces. We explore how the forms of women's maternalist rose up that year. Most of these – in particular Occupy and the mobilization and community organizing are significantly shaped Arab uprisings – have been intersectional; that is, a combination by their intersecting identities related to their race, sexual of seemingly disparate networks and movements working orientation, and social class. together toward the same social justice goals. My research seeks a fuller understanding of the role of intersectionality in social 179. Gender: Transformation, Privilege, and Competency movements by examining one of these emerging intersectional Gender social movements as a case study, the ecosexual movement. The Formal research session ecosexual movement is an emerging grassroots, transnational 3:30 to 5:00 pm movement that blends sustainability, environmental and climate Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor justice with gender, sexual and reproductive rights activism. My broad research questions are: What does intersectionality look Session Organizer: like in the realm of protest, activism, and politics? More Wendy Ng, San Jose State University specifically, what role does intersectionality play in the ecosexual Participants: movement? I gained access four years ago to what appears to “I Don’t Have To Be Polite”: Women’s Self-Defense Training be the central organizing force in the development of this movement, the performance art events of Annie Sprinkle and and Gender Transformation Jocelyn Hollander, University of Beth Stephens. Sprinkle, a feminist former porn star and artist, Oregon and her partner, Stephens, a college art professor and Although scholars have paid considerable attention to theorizing environmental justice activist, began staging interactive gender and how it is constructed and maintained, there has been performance art weddings in 2005 in San Francisco, California in little sustained attention to the question of how gender might response to the anti-gay marriage movement and being prevented change. In this paper, I focus on the question of how, concretely, from marrying as a same-sex couple. In 2008, they extended gender change occurs. While change can take place at all levels these weddings to include the Earth – inviting people to join of gender (the institutional, the interactional, and the individual), them in their vow to love, honor and cherish the Earth until death I focus here on face-to-face interaction. I use as data my research brings us closer together forever. on feminist self-defense classes, which provides rich insight into The Role Of Iranian Women In The Green Social Movement Of the processes of gender change in interaction. I argue that this training destabilizes gender by changing women’s interactional 2009: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of YouTube Videos expectations and practices, which in turn shift other people’s Elahe Nezhadhossein, Sociology PhD Student at Memorial responses to them. Because interactions are interlinked, these University of New foundland changes in behavior and in others’ responses have the potential to The Iranian Green Social Movement, sprung up protesting the change gendered patterns of interaction. I conclude by discussing results of the election giving Ahmadinejad a second presidency the potential institutional and structural consequences of these term in June 2009. With Ahmadinejad reelection, the government changes. cracked down on ordinary citizens, they began to document the Constructing Masculinity through Narratives of Caring: Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009 by posting the images Distancing Oneself from and Maintaining Male Privilege and and videos that they took with their cellphones and uploading on websites like YouTube and Facebook. In this case study of the Dominance Daniel Eisen, Pacific University; Fumiko Iranian Green Social Movement of 2009, I considered and Takasugi, University of Hawaii Honolulu Community analyzed this movement as New Social Movements (NSM) and College; Liann Yamashita, Pacific University; Ashley drew on theories of social movements and critical feminism to Kahalelaukoa McKenzie, Pacific Unviersity understand how Iranian women were active in the protests of the Situated within the field of gender, the field of masculinity Green Social Movement of 2009. The data used for this study intersects with other fields (e.g., race, class, geographical region and culture) and identifies dominant masculinities in various The goal of this research is to examine time spent caring for social contexts. Individuals within the field constantly construct children within the home before, during, and after the 2007 U.S. and negotiate various masculinities in relation to one another and economic recession. Using The American Time Use Survey, employ narratives to elevate their personalized form of which is sponsored by The Bureau of Labor Statistics and masculinity to a dominant position. This study employed conducted through the U.S. Census Bureau, I analyze gender grounded theory methodology to analyze data collected through differences in time spent caring for household children. This semi-structured interviews with 25 men from Hawaii and Oregon study provides a unique opportunity to analyze child care about their understanding of and adherence to the “man code” contributions during a time of major economic disruption, the and the “bro code.” The participants, who were predominately 2007 U.S. economic recession. During this time, both men and college aged males, distanced themselves from popular culture women experienced unemployment and therefore may have more depictions of hegemonic masculinity and the “bro code” by time to devote to child care. Results suggest differences in time constructing a “caring individual” masculinity. Therefore, to spent caring for children by gender and employment status. achieve masculinity, participants believed that they had to be a Specifically, unemployment and its longevity were shown to “good man” by caring for a spouse and be a “good bro” by caring significantly impact this time. The findings of this study speak to for their bros (close male friends). Caring for one’s bros important consequences of larger economic forces on households included (a) keeping other bros’ secrets, (b) remaining silent and the balance of work and family. about oppressive structures within friendship groups and (c) Early Family Building Behaviors and Subsequent protecting a bro’s autonomy in intimate partner relationships. Socioeconomic Well-being Sojung Lim, Utah State Further analysis demonstrated that while these narratives were similar for Hawaii and Oregon participants, the ways in which Univeristy; Jared Glenn, Utah State University they accomplished these ideals differed. Overall, although Reflecting the general trends toward later marriage and delayed participants attempted to distance themselves from the sexism childbearing, relatively little scholarly attention has focused on and heterosexism embedded in traditional and popular culture those who form families by entering union and/or having constructions of masculinity, they reinforced structures of male children at young ages. This limited research on early family dominance and privilege by viewing themselves as progressive, behaviors is unfortunate, considering that a large number of while supporting less progressive practices and ideologies. people continue to marry or enter parenthood before they reach the modal ages for family formation among their counterparts. Perceptions of competency for male and female chemistry More importantly, in contrast to the scholarly focus on early majors: Does he receive more credit? Stephanie Hilwig, family formation among disadvantaged individuals, there seems Adams State University; Renee Beeton, Adams State to be substantial variation in terms of demographic characteristics University; Victoria Martinez, Adams State University and socioeconomic background among individuals involved in Since the 1980’s, women earning Ph.D.s in chemistry has grown early family behaviors. This lack of research limits our from 25% to 37%. Given these statistics, we would expect close understanding of the patterns and predictors of early family to 25% of Associate and Full professors to be women as well as building behaviors, as well as their subsequent consequences more than 30% of assistant professors to be women. But the across different sub-populations. Our goal in this study is to numbers fall short. While they have been improving for address these limitations by using nationally representative data Assistant professors, with women holding 30% of those from two birth cohorts with rich information on individual life positions, they have not improved for women holding Associate transitions (i.e., NLSY79 and NLSY97) to document the patterns or Full professor positions, holding steady at 24% and 13%, and correlates of early family building behaviors. Our second respectively. And while family responsibilities and women’s goal is to examine the predictors of early family formation by choices do play a role, those issues may be influenced by subtle contrasting the experiences of two birth cohorts so as to examine forms of discrimination. In many STEM fields, women may find the extent to which individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds the deck is stacked against them. They must show more have selected into early family behaviors over time. Lastly, we intelligence and competency for equal recognition. And if she will examine the consequences of early family building were ever to make a mistake, she will pay a greater penalty. behaviors on subsequent socioeconomic well-being. Perceptions of her competency are more fragile. We set out to Exploring the Feasibility of a Domestic Violence Fatality test this idea using an experiment with a male and female Review Initiative in the Indian Subcontinent Nitika Sharma, chemistry majors performing as a more and less competent role The Family Violence Institute at Northern Arizona while conducting a lab chemistry experiment. Videos will be shown to students across campus assessing their competency in University each role. This experiment is designed to measure the benefit This research will look at the feasibility of introducing to India, men receive when performing well compared to women and the and in its wake, to other South Asian nations, the Domestic penalty women pay when performing poorly compared to men. Violence Fatality Review Initiative (DVFRI). By examining Is there a double standard where women must continually “Prove India as a cultural, political, and social landscape much different it Again!” as they demonstrate competency and similarly, they than the U.S., the paper seeks to understand the scope of the pay a greater penalty for their mistakes or underperformance? DVFRI as a viable homicide and DV reduction tool across the Indian sub-continent. The research will outline the current system 180. Social Forces and the Family in place in India to fight domestic violence, what its weaknesses Marriage, Family, and Reproduction are and how a DVFRI can address some of the shortcomings. By Formal research session paying attention to the diverse cultural landscapes of the U.S. 3:30 to 5:00 pm where the DVFRI has been heralded as a success story and India, Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific the research will lay out the pros and cons of establishing such a system in the Indian subcontinent. Session Organizer: Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus 181. Workshop: Decentering Whiteness in the Classroom Presider: Teaching Sociology Sojung Lim, Utah State Univeristy Workshop or demonstration session 3:30 to 5:00 pm Participants: Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A Caring for Children during Hard Times: How Employment Session Organizer: Status Impacted Men's and Women's Contributions to Child Lori Walkington, University of California Riverside Care, 2003-2011 Allison Sahl, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Presider: Debra Welkley, California State University, Sacramento State University, Long Beach Participant: The intersection of SES, community and educational experiences Decentering Whiteness in the Classroom Lori Walkington, combine to differentially affect the level of civic knowledge and hence civic engagement among minority youth. Understanding University of California Riverside how to involve minority youth in their communities and maintain With an ever increasingly diverse college student population, that commitment over time has important repercussions for teaching sociologists must be aware of potential risks to students inequality and the overall quality of life in our communities. The of color when we center whiteness to teach about white privilege key research question is how do we reverse the trend toward and other structural issues. The ‘white privilege walk’ activity in civic disengagement among minority youth? Research is its various forms is widely used in introductory sociology courses beginning to demonstrate the positive impact of CBO’s, as a powerful visual representation of how white privilege serves particularly those focused on civic knowledge and engagement. to stratify groups and individuals based on race class and gender. Research (below) shows that minority youth have lower rates of However, during the debriefing portion of the activity, I have participation in organizations, lower rates of civic knowledge and observed on multiple occasions a phenomenon wherein the engagement, and less financial and emotional support in their majority of white students reject the concept of white privilege community and school. Therefore, to reverse trends in civic and students of color are none too surprised at being ‘in the disengagement, rates of knowledge and engagement, as well as back’. The negative emotional affects this has on students of support for minority youth should be studies. This research is color crystallized for me while facilitating this activity at an intended to analyze Khmer Girls in Action’s (KGA) efforts to urban city college last year when one young Latina asked me if enhance civic knowledge and civic engagement among she “should go inside the building.” She could not physically go Cambodian youth. Specifically analyze how CBO’s 1) recruit any further into the margins from her place in the shrubs. The and retain youth members; 2) provide the civic learning and exercise was stopped immediately to begin the debriefing capacity building for civic engagement 3) effect individual civic session. Students were then asked if they would like the behavior. opportunity to create their own list of statements that decentered whiteness in the activity. This workshop asks attendees to Global Cities: Nation Building or Empire Building? Viewing participate in the student-created alternative to McIntosh’s the Framework from the Lens of Urban Renewal and privilege walk activity in order to invite discussion regarding Gentrification Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont how to teach white privilege while also decentering whiteness. Graduate University 182. Urban development, gentrification and civic engagement This study explores urban renewal and gentrification in Metro Manila, the Philippines in publicly accessible government, Urban and Community Studies private and non-profit community development documents. I Research-in-progress session explore how development documents frame urban development. I 3:30 to 5:00 pm examine whether and how the concept of social inequalities that Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B often accompany urban renewal and gentrification become a part Session Organizer: of this discourse, in light of the country's long-term plan to Carol Ward, Brigham Young University transform Metro Manila into a major global city. It is important to consider the implications of such representations of Presider: development because urban planning in the Philippines has been Christie Batson, University of Nevada Las Vegas associated with the perpetuation of vast social inequalities in the Participants: rural and metropolitan regions of the country. The Philippines is Abandoning Community: Gentrification and Media Boosterism an important case for this inquiry because of the social in Downtown Las Vegas Andrea Dassopoulos, University of inequalities and economic disparities that have arisen out of failed development in the country and in urban regions in Nevada, Las Vegas particular. This site is also important because of its unique place This paper explores the role that local media has played in in the economic and political power struggle in the Pacific Rim framing the redevelopment of downtown Las Vegas since 2008. and Asia Pacific arena. Downtown Las Vegas is in the midst of rapid development and gentrification, spearheaded by investment groups City of Las 183. Race, neoliberalism and educational opportunity Vegas Redevelopment Agency and the Downtown Project Education—Higher Education (DTP). Investment in the area has changed the landscape of Panel discussion downtown Las Vegas, particularly the Fremont East area, which 3:30 to 5:00 pm has long had a reputation for high crime and poverty. Numerous Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C weekly motels, small markets, and casinos geared toward locals have been closed and replaced with businesses geared toward a Session Organizer: burgeoning creative class. The vision of DTP is to build a dense Megan Thiele, SJSU area of entertainment, art, and co-working spaces. DTP’s public Presider: image is cultivated using buzzwords like “community” and Faustina M DuCros, San Jose State University “collisions.” DTP has changed both the physical and cultural Discussants: character of the area. Using “community” to describe the changes proliferates in alternative weekly magazines and blogs as they Steve Nava, San Jose State University seek to frame the changes and define the area. Throughout the Anthony Villarreal, Monterey Peninsula College process, development has been positively framed as making the Robert Ovetz, San Francisco State University/DeAnza College area safer and bringing more people downtown, with a rare voice 184. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop I decrying gentrification. I focus on the use of the word Ethnography “community” in the rhetoric of the DTP and show how the media becomes a booster for DTP by drawing on existing perceptions Workshop or demonstration session of Las Vegas as a transient city lacking community cohesion. 3:30 to 5:00 pm Community, however, is not an inclusive term, as the existing Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A and longstanding residents of Fremont east are noticeably absent Session Organizer: from the public discourse. Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University Civic Engagement for Youth: A Community-Based Presider: Organization Approach Laura Jazmin Cortez, California Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University Participants: improving in the 2000s, likely because of the modernization Side Effects and Treatment Effects: Ambiguities in the process and pressure from world polity on environmental protection. Nevertheless, anthropogenic practices still remain to treatment of complex neurological disorders Dan Morrison, be major causes of global environmental change, which has left a Pepperdine University lasting and colossal footprint on the ecosystem. “The history of place in Manila: From urban community to The Effect of Global Economic and Environmental Pressures in heritage conservation Dana Collins, Cal State Fullerton the Case of National Park Expansion Natasha Miric, Backwards and Forwards in Time: Close Encounters of the University of California, Irvine Steampunk Kind Mark Cohan, Seattle University Why are some nations more environmental than others? How 185. (Inter)national Environmental Issues and Social Change does development affect environmental outcomes in nations? I Environmental Sociology am interested in the ways global environmental pressures and domestic development pressures conflict, and whether or not Formal research session these conflicts promote or hinder positive environmental 3:30 to 5:00 pm outcomes. For this project, I use random effects panel regression Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B analyses to analyze the effects of development and Session Organizer: environmentalism, in the case of a specific environmental Robert Futrell, University of Nevada Las Vegas outcome, establishment of national parks from 1970-2013. In Presider: doing so, I test the major sociological theories that seek to explain state behavior related to environmental concerns, Nicholas Baxter, University of Nevada, Las Vegas including world systems theory, political economy theory, and Participants: world society theory. A Cross-National Study of Renewable Energy Production, Is the Chinese Public’s Environmental Concern Growing? —An 1970-2012 Jolene McCall, UC Irvine Examination of Two China General Social Survey conducted On a global level, renewable energy production over the past 40 in 2003 and 2010 Feng Hao, Washington State University years has increased exponentially. In a cross-national analysis, By comparing data from two national surveys conducted in 2003 this paper investigates trends and variations in renewable energy and 2010, this study analyzes the environmental concern of the production from 1970 through 2012. Using variables linked to Chinese public. I compared the responses to 11 survey questions arguments from ecological modernization theory, political that were repeatedly used in the two surveys and I found that the economy perspectives, and world society theory, this paper Chinese public had greater environmental concern in 2010 than examines increases in energy production from renewable sources in 2003. Next, since economic affluence and the exposure to among nations. World society theory posits that international ecological degradation are theoretically influential to people’s organizations have prompted a rise in the environmental regime concern of the environment, I used data from the two surveys to where environmental issues have become exceedingly prioritized test the statements from an empirical perspective. A distinctive globally. Additionally, world society theory argues that pattern in the surveys shows that both household income (an international organizations intervene in social and political indicator of economic affluence) and the exposure to ecological processes through the reinforcement of global cultural norms. To degradation were positively related to the environmental concern this extent, cultural pressures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese public in 2003 and 2010. are hypothesized to be reinforced through international organizations which would result in an increase in energy 186. Special Issue of The American Sociologist, Part 2: produced from renewable sources. Furthermore, world society Maintaining & Serving a Diverse Membership theory suggests that environmental treaty participation should Presidential Sessions result in changes socially and politically, yielding positive Panel discussion environmental outcomes for participants. With specific emphasis 3:30 to 5:00 pm on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), preliminary analyses support the hypothesis that treaty participation is Session Organizers: positively linked to renewable energy production. Additionally, Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands world society arguments are supported through evidence that the Charles F. Hohm, San Diego State University presence of international non-government organizations (INGOs) Presider: within a nation increases the percentage of total energy Amy Wharton, Washington State University Vancouver production from renewables. The results indicate that international organizations as well as treaty participation have Participants: generated substantial changes in institutions and culture globally Elite Dilution or Saved by the Belles? The Changing Social and, consequently, energy production worldwide. Demography of the Pacific Sociological Association Patricia Environment, Economy, and Population: A Longitudinal A Gwartney, University of Oregon Examination on APEC Members Feng Hao, Washington Community College Participation in the Pacific Sociological State University Association Linda Rillorta, Mt. San Antonio College The dynamic interactions among environment, economy, and Can/Should/Does One Size Fit All? Does the Pacific population are a central theme in contemporary social science Sociological Association Still Meet the Needs of Faculty disciplines. To empirically evaluate these interactions, this paper Members at Ph.D.-Granting Institutions? Keith Farrington, analyzes the magnitude of the impact economy and population Whitman College have had on the environment in 18 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) members between 1989 (when APEC was The Role of the PSA in Graduate Student Training and founded) and 2011. Findings from regression analysis show that Professional Development Lora Vess, University of Alaska the estimated coefficients for GDP per capita (an indicator of Southeast economic development) and population size on CO2 emissions Do Regional Associations Meet the Career Needs of Teacher- (an indicator of environmental quality) are increasing during this Scholars? Todd Migliaccio, CSUS; Jennifer Murphy, CSUS period. After incorporating the interaction variables, further examination shows that the impact is in a unidirectional Reflections on My PSA Scholarship of Teaching and Learning decoupling fashion since 1998. Therefore, the results suggest that Experiences Peter Collier, Portland State University the 18 APEC members’ environmental performance has been AKD Sponsored Undergrad PSA Sessions: The History Sharon Kay Araji, University of Colorado Denver Presider: From Students to Scholars: Undergraduate Research and Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus Regional Conferences Vikas K Gumbhir, Gonzaga Discussants: University Scott Myers-Lipton, San José State University Diversity in the Academy: On the Growing Prominence of Race Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno and Ethnicity in the PSA, 1929-2014 Michelle Madsen Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus Camacho, University of San Diego; Marie Sarita Gaytan, Levin Welch, Los Angeles Valley College University of Utah; Samuel Gregory Prieto, University of Agnes Riedmann, California State University, Stanislaus San Diego 190. Crime and Delinquency IV Bridging the Gap Amongst Sociologists of Color: A Brief Crime, Law, and Deviance Overview of Mentorship and Social Network Opportunities Formal research session in the PSA A. Carli Richie-Zavaleta, Drexel University 3:30 to 5:00 pm School of Public Health; LaTasha Monique Warmsley, I am Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D not affiliated with a college at this time. Session Organizer: Reflections on the Role of Professional Association in David Musick, University of Northern Colorado Promoting Diversity: The Case of ASA and PSA Presider: Reconsidered Ramon S. Torrecilha, CSU Dominguez Hills Anthony Vega, Washington State University The Past, Present, and Future of a Regional Sociological Participants: Association Amy Wharton, Washington State University Correctional Culture as an Impediment to Reduced Recidivism Vancouver Roger Guy, UNC - Pembroke 187. Jake Rosenfeld's What Unions No Longer Do Community corrections in the United States has assumed Work and Organizations increased attention recently as more states search for search for Author-meets-critic format alternatives to incarceration though mandatory release, parole, or 3:30 to 5:00 pm probation. Much of this is related to the enormous financial Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B commitment of incarceration exacerbated by diminishing state revenues, and decades of sentencing policy emphasizing Session Organizers: incapacitation. Justice Reinvestment is increasingly being Christy Glass, Utah State University promoted as a means to achieve public safety, and recidivism Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach reduction, with significantly less cost to states. Much of the Presider: rhetoric of Justice Reinvestment appears offender-centered and Christy Glass, Utah State University revolves around “holding offenders accountable.” Amid this latest fad in correctional policy lies a crucial aspect of success – Participant: the importance of core values to competency. A focus group with What Unions No Longer Do Jake Rosenfeld, University of correctional practitioners revealed values antithetical to the Washington philosophical goal of community corrections. To be successful, Discussants: those in community corrections must possess not only appropriate professional credentials, and work experience, but Nelson Lichtenstein, University of California, Santa Barbara also specific values espousing rehabilitation. However, in spite of Victor Narro, UCLA Labor Center research documenting the importance of both competent staff and Joshua Bloom, UCLA supportive organizational cultures in reducing recidivism Kurt Petersen, UNITE-HERE (Gendreau and al., 1999; Paparozzi and Gendreau, 2005) the 188. Author Meets Critic: Yen Le Espiritu, "Body Counts: The profession has relied on latest technologies, methods, techniques, and fads as proxies for expertise thereby eschewing the last Vietnam War and Militarized Refugees" frontier of corrections - human and organizational capital. Member and Committee Organized Sessions Juror Dismissed: Getting Out of Citizenship Obligations Jane Author-meets-critic format Lilly Lopez, UC San Diego Sociology 3:30 to 5:00 pm Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B The call for expanded citizenship rights can be heard in one form or another from both ends of the political spectrum (and Session Organizer: everywhere in between). Meanwhile, citizens continue to look for Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona ways to avoid fulfilling their citizenship obligations, most Discussants: notably the universally loathed call to jury duty. While millions Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, USC of citizens are called each year to jury duty, only a minority of Anthony Ocampo, California State Polytechnic University them actually serve on a trial. Using observations of jury selection in thirty court trials, I analyze the reasons potential Pomona jurors provide for being unable to serve on a jury and Yen Le Espiritu, University of California, San Diego demonstrate the ways in which citizens have mastered satisfying Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San the letter of the law without having to fulfill their broader Marcos citizenship responsibilities. I also examine the extent to which 189. Author Meets Critic: Scott Myers-Lipton, "Ending Extreme some citizens are better situated than others to dodge the jury duty “draft” and what that means for the American legal system Inequality: An Economic Bill of Rights to Eliminate Poverty" and the promise of "justice for all." Member and Committee Organized Sessions The Social Structure of Support for Marijuana Legalization Author-meets-critic format Burrel James Vann, University of California, Irvine 3:30 to 5:00 pm From 2000 to 2012, initiatives proposing to legalize personal and Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C recreational marijuana use were on the ballot in 13 states. Session Organizer: Although supporters of marijuana scored tight victories, county Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona level voting varied substantially. Opponents of legalization claim that marijuana poses a threat to the traditional socialization of children while supporters claim that legalization can lead to Occupy participants in Oakland, Berkeley, Portland, and community improvements. I argue that support for marijuana Honolulu. My preliminary findings indicate that the Occupy legalization should be strong in socially vulnerable communities, Movement has achieved persistent impacts via its influence on characterized by high rates of crime and high school dropouts, as personal trajectories of participation, interpersonal and SMO a route to local improvement. The analysis also shows that while networks, and social discourse. It also produced a notable effect support for legalization is lower in communities with high rates on social movement communities by sparking important strategic of family households with children, the distribution of family debates among activists on issues related to the most effective households with children is a strong predictor of support. I find movement goals, tactics, and organizational structures. that the concentration of families provides protection from the Ritualizing Solidarity: Memorial and Pilgrimage in threat marijuana poses to child socialization. Contemporary Protest to the U.S. Security State Chandra I'm Not Gonna Be Like 'That' Guy: Examining Anti-Drug Russo, UCSB Advertising through the Eyes of 'That' Guy Jaysen Ferestad, This paper is part of a larger project that examines how activist Portland State University groups contest the U.S. security state by pursuing solidarity with Recidivism rates are especially high among methamphetamine the most direct victims of state violence. Original data are based addicts. Considering the societal costs associated with on a comparative ethnography of three annual protest events: 1) methamphetamine use, efforts to reintegrate this population are the vigil to close the military training facility at Ft. Benning, crucial. Imperative then is an understanding of potential barriers Georgia, organized by School of the Americas Watch; 2) the addicts face in their attempts to reintegrate. This study explores Migrant Trail Walk, part of the U.S. Mexico border justice barriers methamphetamine addicts face in Montana. Shocking movement; and 3) the Witness Against Torture week of fasting images of methamphetamine addicts are broadcast across the and civil disobedience to close the Guantánamo Bay Detention state in television, radio and print advertisements, as part of the Center. I identify a tactical repertoire I term “solidarity witness,” state’s latest anti-drug campaign – the Montana Meth Project. in which participants utilize resistant modes of seeing and being Although the campaign is intended to reach teens to prevent the seen to respond to political injustice that does not most onset of meth use, they reach another population: current and immediately impact them. In this chapter, I examine two key recovering meth addicts. From a labeling perspective, campaign components of solidarity witness-- ritualized memorial and use of images that negatively portray drug addicts has unintended protest pilgrimage. I ask and seek to answer how these corporeal, consequences for drug populations. However, the unintended ritualized tactics re-socialize witnesses and the larger public consequences for these populations have failed to gain attention against dominant U.S. Security Culture. in the literature despite the implications suggested by labeling Ukrainian Maidan 2013-2014: Participants’ Attitudes and theory. This study explores the impact of the anti-drug campaign Public Opinion Dmytro Khutkyy, Kiev International Institute on the worldview of recovering meth addicts. Results from 20 interviews with recovering meth addicts show that the Montana of Sociology, Ukraine Meth Project has a significant impact on the worldview of this The events in Ukraine are in the focus of attention of world population. The findings suggest that the campaign has a public. Due to different ideologies of the parties involved, these negative impact – stereotypes stigmatization and differential events are highlighted and interpreted in mass media in distorted treatment – and that the campaign is viewed by recovering formats. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find balanced addicts as a barrier to their reintegration. The findings of this stories. Nevertheless, it is possible to explore at least the final study demonstrate the unintended consequences of anti-drug opinions of population, which certainly reflect personal attitudes, “shock” advertising on a population of drug addicts and mass media images, and private debates. The paper offers a meta- highlights significant implications regarding their reintegration. analysis of data of sociological public opinion surveys concerning the Maidan events in Ukraine. The basis of 191. Ritualizing Protest and Shifting Public Discourse through Euromaidan participants constituted the middle class – middle- Social Movement Activism aged people with higher education, skilled professionals, Social Movements and Social Change entrepreneurs, and managers. Definitely, Maidan was a self- Formal research session organized entity. People were driven by situational and systemic 3:30 to 5:00 pm motifs. The priorities of demands shifted significantly – from Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E signing the Association Agreement with EU to resignation of the President and a fundamental change of authorities. As the Session Organizer: coercion and repressions forced by authorities increased Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus systematically, the Maidan became more radical. The attitudes Presider: towards Euromaidan split public opinion in Ukraine in two Megan Brooker, University of California Irvine almost equal parts, but the majority condemned pro-government Antimaidan. The proponents of Euromaidan were more active, Participants: and among them residents of Western and Central regions were After Occupy: Exploring the Personal and Cultural Outcomes of active too, personal participation in Euromaidan among the the Occupy Movement Megan Brooker, University of whole population constituted 12%. The Ukrainians of West and California Irvine Center mostly blamed Yanukovych for the conflict, while of This research in progress seeks to examine the personal and South and East – opposition. Overall, Ukrainians were more cultural consequences of the Occupy Movement, particularly supportive of the anti-government protesters. Evidently, the through its impact on individuals’ trajectories of subsequent attitudes towards protests were linked with different movement participation and its influence on the broader social interpretations of legitimacy of the authorities and the protesters. movement sector through movement spillover and diffusion. 192. Gendered Identities in Media Although the Occupy encampments were mostly ephemeral in Media and Communication nature, I hypothesize that the movement’s participatory Formal research session democratic approach, confrontational tactics, and the high intensity of involvement that it compelled from participants may 3:30 to 5:00 pm have led to more lasting effects and encouraged subsequent Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F movement engagement. In addition, if Occupy activists diffused Session Organizer: into other social movement organizations post-Occupy, this is Jeffrey David Montez de Oca, University of Colorado Colorado likely to have resulted in movement spillover of personnel, ideas, Springs and tactical and strategic repertoires. My study relies primarily on data collected through semi-structured interviews with Presider: Nicole Willms, Gonzaga University film analysis demonstrates that this may not be the case. First, I Participants: provide an overview of film noir and neo-noir features followed by a discourse on postfeminist ideology and feminine Constructing the middle-class in black and white: advertising in construction. Thereafter, I include a theoretical framework on Ebony and Life magazines Chelsi Chanel Florence, sadomasochism followed by an analysis of psychoanalytic theory University of California, Davis and feminist film criticism. The aim is to provide a critical and American marketers in the 1960s constructed advertisements theoretical overview of women’s empowerment within a against the backdrop of political and social unrest. Print socioeconomic, political, and social relations context, in relation advertisements are cultural texts that can both reflect and to representations of seemingly powerful women in neo-noir contradict the social reality in which they are contextualized, but stylistic features. they are idealized pictures constructed by advertisers to appeal to Wookie-Love: Sex and Romance in Star Wars: The Old imagined consumer dreams and desires. Advertisers use such Republic Melissa J Monson, Metropolitan State University dreams constructed of gendered, raced, and classed images to of Denver turn a profit. In this paper, I conduct a comparative content analysis of advertisements from Ebony and Life magazines, This paper seeks to explore the treatment of sex, romance, and employing an interpretive sociological analysis of the visual and sexuality in the online-video game Star Wars: The Old Republic. textual content. By focusing on advertisements produced in a Specifically it will be a content analysis of those aspects of the specific historical period (1960-1972), I explore the virtual world that shape player role playing experience by representations of blackness and whiteness as they are creating the framework within which romance and/or sexual play constructed in these middle class magazines targeting black and takes place, i.e., romance based quest lines, emotes to indicate white consumer audiences. This study is interested in the flirtation, skimpy outfits, virtual stripers, etc. Preliminary theoretical consequences of this type of advertising; specifically, analysis suggests sex, romance, and sexuality as presented by the how do advertisements targeted specifically toward black and game developers reinforce a heteronormative ideology which white middle-class audiences differ and in what ways are they the supports hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity. same? I anticipate that the data will allow some general This view is further propagated by the players themselves who discussion about visual codes related race, class, and gender as use in game chat to objectify and sexualize female non-player they construct a larger narrative to different audiences. characters, incorporate sexual humor (including rape jokes), Additionally, I aim to discuss the intersections of race, class, and interject homophobic remarks, and focus on implied (within the gender in advertisements, which functions a site of historically game) acts of sex, rather than notions of “grand romance.” specific and meaningful discourse. 193. Expanding Feminisms: Intersectionalities, Technologies, and If she isn’t here to work, what is she doing here?: Popular Constituencies Contemporary Film and the Continuing Exploitation of Presidential Sessions Black Women Christina N Baker, Sonoma State Univeristy Panel discussion In this research, the intersectional framework is applied to an 5:15 to 6:45 pm analysis of the representation of Black women in mainstream Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom B media. The focus is on two successful comedic films, Bringing Session Organizer: Down the House and Monster-in-Law, in order to illustrate the Jodi O'Brien, seattle university ways in which the “mammy” image has not disappeared from popular culture, although this image now has a modern guise. I Presider: argue that the characters “Ruby” (Monster-in-Law) and Jodi O'Brien, seattle university “Charlene” (Bringing Down the House) exemplify the Participants: characteristics of the stereotypical “mammy” by exhibiting the Intersectionality and the Kaleidoscope: Notes on a New following characteristics: 1) The characters assist and serve white characters, including taking on a care-taker role with the children Approach to Race and Sexuality Mark Anthony Hunter, of white families; 2) They are portrayed in contexts that UCLA reinforces the dominant white power structure; 3) They are Muslim Men Supporting Women's Equality Tal Peretz, presented in contrast to the white characters in each film, University of Southern California physically and culturally, reinforcing the image of “otherness” of The "Black Feminist Man" is Not an Oxymoron Gary K. Perry, Black women. The implications of the use of this image of Black women in modern mainstream media are also discussed. Seattle University The Modernized, Empowered Female Figure in Cinematic After the Chickenheads Came Home to Roost: Fourth Features: Discursive Implications of the Contemporary Generation Black Feminisms Zandria Robinson, University Femme Fatale in Neo-Noir Films Andreea Nica, Portland of Memphis State University 194. Comedy! The W. Kamau Bell Curve: How to End Racism in What are the discursive implications for the contemporary, about an Hour empowered, and sadistic female figure of the U.S. 1990s neo- Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting noir filmic features? The films presented in the analysis include Event Bound, The Last Seduction, and Basic Instinct where 7:00 to 8:00 pm representations of the modern, sexually empowered, and violent Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom A woman derived from film noir’s femme fatale figure is examined. The research question focuses on whether these representations Session Organizer: of the contemporary femme fatale depicted in neo-noir films are Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University an accurate and progressive interpretation of changes in women's 195. Student Reception status and identity in the U.S. society. On the contrary, these Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting representations of femininity may be a regression or transgression towards female empowerment, and act as a Reception hindrance to producing an egalitarian society. Neo-noir features 8:00 to 9:30 pm offer a presence of powerful women which may lead spectators Hyatt Regency: Floor 4th - Beacon Ballroom A to believe women are represented and symbolized in an Session Organizer: empowering manner, but extensive analysis in psychoanalytic Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University theory, postfeminist ideology, feminist film criticism, and textual Connection to the Four-Year Institution Christa Michelle Zinke, Portland State University With a changing dynamic of student populations across the SATURDAY, APRIL, 4 country, four-year universities and colleges face new challenges understanding factors that influence student connection for 196. PSA Council Meeting 2015-16 nontraditional students. Universities are further challenged to Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting connect community college transfers because these students are Committee meeting more likely to commute and are lower income than students who 8:30 to 10:00 am begin at a four-year institution right out of high school. This Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific comparative in-depth interview study aims to explore how commuter community college transfer students understand their Session Organizer: connection to an urban, commuter, four-year research university. Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University The study explores the similarities and differences for two Member: cohorts of ten commuter community college transfer students – Patricia A Gwartney, University of Oregon those who transferred during the 2012-2013 school year and Dennis J. Downey, California State University, Channel Islands those who either graduated in the 2012-2013 school year or Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside shortly thereafter – interviewed during the summer and fall of Mary Virnoche, Humboldt State University 2013. Studies on community college transfer students are not new, but most previous research uses quantitative data to analyze Karen Pyke, University of California, Riverside transfer student connection. By using qualitative data, this study Michelle Madsen Camacho, University of San Diego aims to gain new perspectives about the connection of transfer Amy J. Orr, Linfield College students. Preliminary findings suggest that commuter community Sylvanna M. Falcón, University of California, Santa Cruz college transfer student connection develops based on a variety Leontina Hormel, University of Idaho of factors including length of attendance, student-faculty Kathleen Kaiser, California State University, Chico interaction, and courses. Upon final analysis, findings may have Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside future policy and program implications for schools with large Sarah Diefendorf, University of Washington numbers of commuter community college transfer students. Driven From Within and Without: An Analysis of 197. Understanding the Undergraduate Experience Undergraduate Motivation and Progress Christopher Education—Higher Education Lawrence, California State University, Northridge Research-in-progress session Currently, we are far from a comprehensive understanding of 8:30 to 10:00 am why some students at Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) persist Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A through college and achieve academic success while others do Session Organizer: not. This research extends past studies on HSIs by analyzing the Megan Thiele, SJSU effects of psychosocial characteristics such as academic Presider: motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, resilience, and institutional commitment on academic progress and GPA at these Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa Cruz schools. In essence, I seek to uncover those internal qualities that Participants: matter most for students at HSIs. Just who are these proactive Authorship denied: Understanding how early education may and motivated students? Conversely, what is lacking in those impact acts of plagiarism. Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU individuals who take fewer units and earn poorer grades? Past Stanislaus research has provided insight into the influence of more “traditional” variables on these outcomes. We know that students This project expands on a pilot study done in the summer of 2013 at HSIs often come from a lower socioeconomic background, are to analyze how experiences in K-12 education may play a role in first-generation and/or transfer students, work several hours per student plagiarism at the college level. While the connection week, and often mismanage their financial support by increasing between early educational experiences and college plagiarism is hours on the job or dropping out of school entirely. Hence, it is largely unexplored in research specifically on student plagiarism, no surprise that Hispanics are the ethnic group that is least likely other sociological research on the institutionalized racism, to persist to their second year of college. Even so, there are many sexism, and classism imbedded in K-12 education suggests that who do, and it is worth finding out how they shape their the educational environment in general plays a role in students’ academic fate. As such, the study draws on survey responses development of critical thinking skills and writing skills. For from students across academic college and standing (freshman, example, students entrenched in the standardized testing model sophomore, etc.) at a large four-year HSI in California. Results that is common in low-income schools and schools serving reveal how psychosocial factors relate to academic progress and almost exclusively students of color, are often schooled in rote performance as well as how these results vary across race, sex, memorization rather than writing development, comprehensive and area of study. problem solving, or critical assessment. In other words, students in lower income schools are less likely to have the skills Mentoring, Reflection and Promoting Student Success: The necessary to be successful in college, even when they are New Johari Window Peter Collier, Portland State University admitted into universities. This project combines survey data as Mentoring is a process by which more experienced individuals well 20 in-depth interviews of students who admit to committing share expertise with less experienced ones, and reflection, acts of plagiarism in their college careers. Preliminary analysis according to John Dewey, is the key process that determines suggests that participants enter the university with excitement, whether any experience is “educative,” i.e. involves learning. but this is quickly overshadowed by a sense of being unprepared This conceptual paper updates a model of human interaction, the and overwhelmed, particularly for students who are first- Johari Window, to illustrate how mentoring and reflection can be generation college students. Furthermore, their desire to succeed combined to promote college student success. The original Johari is coupled with a feeling that they don’t actually belong. Window (named after the first names of its inventors – Joseph Interestingly, however, students also articulate a strong Luft and Harry Ingham), used the metaphor of a four-paned individualistic argument that ignores inequities in their lives and window to describe how a person’s awareness increases through places responsibility for their actions as strictly a reflection of interaction. My new Johari Window uses a similar format to their own failings. demonstrate how the combination of mentoring and reflection Community College Transfer Students: Understanding can work together to increase student mentees’ knowledge of how to be successful at college. In this paper I will also share an are: what do viewers think is being portrayed, how accurate they exercise that mentors could use to help mentees recognize consider the portrayals to be, and what do they think the transferable knowledge and experiences they may already have consequences of those portrayals are (for the justice system – that can be utilized to deal with college adjustment issues. police, jury verdicts, for viewers – fear, etc. The Books or the Ballgame? Student-Athletes' Experiences of 199. Student Perspectives on Success Athletics and Academia Dinur Blum, University of Education (other areas) California, Riverside; Adam G. Sanford, California State Formal research session University, Dominguez Hills 8:30 to 10:00 am Abstract: This study investigates student-athlete experiences that Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C affect their decision-making about prioritizing the game or the Session Organizer: classroom. Through an initial online survey and follow-up in- person interviews, student-athletes are asked about their Lisa M Nunn, University of San Diego backgrounds, their families' and peers' opinions on sport and Presider: academic work, and their goals after college. While exploratory, Kelly Nielsen, University of California, San Diego this study is aimed at uncovering some of the social barriers and Participants: pressures that student-athletes face when they feel they must prioritize the game over the classroom, or vice-versa. The Contesting at the Margins: The Exclusion, Resistance and investigators hope to provide athletic and academic stakeholders Accommodation of Working-Class Black Male High School new ways to approach student-athlete success, both on the field Students Quaylan Allen, Chapman University and in the classroom. The educational outcomes of Black males are well documented. However, less research explores the nature of these outcomes 198. Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of from the perspectives of Black males themselves. This study Fictional Crime Dramas employs the qualitative methods of interviewing and Art, Culture, and Popular Culture observations, and the use of social and cultural reproduction Formal research session theories to examine the educational experiences of working-class 8:30 to 10:00 am Black male students attending a secondary school. Black male Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B counternarratives describe poor relationships with teachers and Session Organizer: how they experience differential treatment in discipline as race- gendered bodies. Counternarratives and field observations also William Andrew Hayes, Gonzaga University detail particular masculine performances that demonstrate agency Presider: in defying the normative and behavioral expectations of school. Franklin C Pérez, California State University, Fullerton Such acts of resistance subjected the young men to particular Participants: exclusionary disciplinary practices that reduced their opportunity to learn and reproduced particular hegemonic notions of Black Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of masculinity. Despite experiencing structural barriers in their Fictional Crime Dramas Heather Foster, Northern Arizona schooling, the Black male students accommodated the University; Mark Lee Willingham, Northern Arizona achievement ideology of the school by drawing upon University individualistic and cultural impediments to explain their Heather Foster and Mark Willingham are conducting interviews schooling outcomes. Suggestions for improving the educational to determine the viewer’s perceptions of juveniles in fictional experiences for Black males while also developing Black male crime dramas. The three main questions we seek to understand critical consciousness will be discussed. are: what do viewers think is being portrayed, how accurate do Success and Failure: The Role of Supplementary Education in they consider the portrayals to be, and what do they think the High-Performing Public High Schools Lorena Castro, consequences of those portrayals are. The literature suggests that Stanford University juveniles are “invisible” in crime dramas. We seek to understand if that is a view held by crime drama viewers. In recent years, income and wealth inequality in the United States have risen dramatically. While the rich have gotten richer, a large Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of percentage of the middle and working classes have stagnated or Fictional Crime Dramas Stephani Williams, NAU fallen behind and the number of impoverished families has I am supervising a group of students conducting research on the increased (Blank 2011, McCall and Percheski 2010). Given way that viewers perceive crime and justice to be portrayed in the recent income and wealth inequality trends, I ask how this fictional crime genre. The three main questions we seek to growing inequality is experienced on the ground and what understand are: what do viewer’s think is being portrayed, how implications this growing inequality has for education in the accurate do they consider the portrayals to be, and what do they United States. In order to understand how families and students think the consequences of those portrayals are (for the justice have responded to these recent trends, I conduct a case study one system –police, jury verdicts, for viewers – fear, etc. In my of the nation’s most prestigious public high schools. I examine presentation, I will focus on conducting research with students. I the meaning students attach to success and failure and how will focus my talk on processes and methodological issues, from students act on these meanings. I am particularly interested in forming working groups to analyzing interviews (and everything how these differences vary by race/ethnicity and class. in between -deciding on sampling techniques, selecting clips to Ties that Bind: Family Obligations as Perceived Obstacles Yang show participants, creating coding sheets). My presentation will Va Lor, UC Berkeley basically give the overview of the project, so that each of the student groups can focus on describing their interview data and While research on Asian American students has overwhelmingly findings. emphasized strong family ties as an important contributor to student success in high school, what they neglect is how strong Portrayals of Crime and Justice: Viewer Perceptions of family ties can constrain students in their educational endeavors Fictional Crime Dramas Blaze Valencia, Northern Arizona (Caplan et al. 1991; Zhou and Bankston 1999). Based on a study University of 30 Hmong American high school students, I show how family We are a group of students conducting research on the how the ties, in the form of family obligations, can serve to level or portrayal of medical examiners in fictional crime genre has depress the aspirations of these students. In their discussion of effected the public’s perspective of how important their role is in mobility, specifically what they think they need to do to achieve solving cases. The three main questions we seek to understand success and what obstacles stand in their way, students consistently brought up their family as a significant barrier. Students were concerned that family obligations might prevent causes and consequences of homelessness rather than individual them from achieving their own goals. Whereas males were life choices. In the 1930s the general public viewed homeless concerned about fulfilling cultural obligations related to people as victims of economic collapse deserving of material performing cultural and religious rituals, females were distressed assistance. By the 1970s, homeless people were seen as about providing social and economic support for their families. personally responsible for their homelessness. Today homeless More specifically, males primarily viewed family obligations as people are criminalized for being homeless and discouraged from an obstacle in their immediate lives; they worried that the living a homeless lifestyle. This research seeks to explore the fulfillment of cultural obligations interfered with their current ideology, values, lived experiences and processes of living a schooling. Conversely, females were concerned about the impact transient lifestyle in the United States. I conducted interviews of family obligations in their future; that is, they were with people who choose to be homeless to create a space for apprehensive that anticipated social and economic support of them to express the lived experiences of homelessness, not as their families in the future would constrained them from pursuing victims, but as experts. I thereby challenge mainstream higher education or other opportunities outside of their perceptions of homeless people as either victims or irresponsible hometown. This study highlights the types of mechanism that criminals. Using Robert K Merton’s theory of anomie, I argue underlie the relationship between family ties and unfavorable my target research population of homeless people are rebels adolescent outcomes among children of low-income families. based on their rejection of established cultural goals and means. Discussant: Using a grounded theory approach, I explore the accounts of Kelly Nielsen, University of California, San Diego homeless people in terms of the nomadic lifestyle they’ve chosen and the costs they’re willing to bear to maintain a personal sense 200. Ethnography of freedom. Ethnography What’s in a Name: The Gratuitous Use of Pseudonyms in the Formal research session American Fieldwork Tradition Ian Mullins, UC San Diego 8:30 to 10:00 am This project investigates the use of pseudonyms in the fieldwork Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A tradition of American sociology, 1895--1985. I investigate how Session Organizer: ethical commitments that researchers express for the wellbeing of Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University research subjects, shifting epistemological concerns for what constitutes a good explanation, and historical contingencies have Presider: contributed to the habitual “overuse” of pseudonyms by Marko Salvaggio, University of Nevada, Las Vegas ethnographers today. Drawing upon the conceptual framework Participants: presented by Charles S. Peirce, I identify two types of Mano Suave, Mano Dura: Policing the Latino Gang Crisis explanations that ethnographers typically provide: indexical and Samuel Gregory Prieto, University of San Diego; Victor iconic. I then demonstrate how the overuse of pseudonyms Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara prevents researchers from producing indexical accounts and erodes their ability to produce “good” iconic explanations. Scholars examining police-Latino relations have called for work that examines this relationship from the perspective of officers. ‘Access to Tools’: Access to Backpacking Subcultural Based on observations during 23 ride alongs with California Ideologies and Practices Marko Salvaggio, University of police officers and making contact with 46 Latino gang Nevada, Las Vegas associated youths, we find contrasting approaches in policing that This paper draws from over a year’s worth of data collected from we refer to as mano suave (soft handed) and mano dura (hard a mobile ethnography about backpacking subculture in Central handed) policing. We find that just as juvenile delinquents America. Informed by theories of leisure and tourism and encounter “drift” (Matza 1964) in their day-to-day lives, cultural studies, I examine backpacking subculture whose institutional actors like police also drift between punitive and members celebrate an ideology of freedom, adventure, and supportive roles in their interactions with youths. We make two authentic experiences that are in opposition to mainstream tourist primary arguments about the conditions that influence a mano modes. Yet in the increasingly mobile 21st-century, global suave or mano dura approach. Officers rely on the investigatory tourism development and its market forces deeply influence stop—police stops that seek not to intervene on illegal action, but backpackers' practices and the types of experiences backpackers to investigator the actor—to “check in” with the young Latino claim to seek. In this paper, I describe the core tools that men on whom they wish to keep tabs. This “regime of checks” is backpackers use to travel independently throughout Central informed by a logic of prevention, paternalism, and a America for an extended period of time. I specifically describe presumption of symmetrical power relations between themselves how and why the backpack, guidebook, hostel, and local and the youth. Second, even when officers hew to a mano suave transportation are core tools central to shaping backpacking approach their focus on investigation and prevention often lead subculture, ideologies, and practices. Since tools open up them to misinterpret young people’s interactions and intentions options and ideas for people, and ultimately “remake us,” the and, in the end, return to a more punitive stance in order to tools that backpackers use to travel independently throughout compensate for their uncertainty. A process of cultural Central America for an extended period of time also remake their misrecognition ensures and creates the conditions in which subculture. As such, the backpack, guidebook, hostel, and local officers “drift” from the mano suave to the mano dura. Ergo, transportation, each have distinct functions that enable even when officers attempt to use a lenient, mano suave approach backpackers to perform their subcultural practices, tasks, and to policing, they are bound by the punitive cultural context in activities, as well as maintain their shared ideas, ideals, and which they operate. beliefs about backpacking. As these core backpacking tools The Cost of Freedom: Homelessness as a Nomadic Lifestyle joe become increasingly commodified within the context of global martin, northern arizona university tourism, how and why backpackers use these tools seem to suggest a contradiction between their backpacking ideologies and Homeless people in the United States become homeless for a practices. Therefore, I also describe how backpackers negotiate myriad of reasons and are often viewed as victims of homeless tensions that arise within their subculture through the use of these rather than as active agents in creating a lifestyle consistent with core tools in the face of global tourism. their values. Homelessness as a social phenomenon is constructed by experts such as: government officials, agency Discussant: representatives, corporate representatives, healthcare Marko Salvaggio, University of Nevada, Las Vegas practitioners, and academics. The homeless person’s voice is left 201. Sexuality, Identity, and Stigma out of mainstream discourse surrounding homelessness. Research Sexualities on homelessness focuses on structural understandings of the Formal research session setting and responses of other actors. The narratives of 8:30 to 10:00 am transgender men illustrate both the possibilities for enlarging and Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B disrupting narrow social categories of gender as well as the enduring strength of binary categories as they shape social Session Organizer: interaction in everyday life. This has implications for scholarship Tracy DeHaan, San Jose State University of men and masculinities through challenging essentialist notions Presider: of “man” and extending gender theory by linking gender Cristen Dalessandro, University of Colorado Boulder processes at interactional and individual levels. Participants: 202. Sex, Gender, & Sport Sexuality: Meaning Webs and Their Evolution Dick Skeen, Sport and Leisure Northern Arizona University Formal research session Constructed meanings change under a variety of social 8:30 to 10:00 am circumstances. This on-going research project is focused on Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C what individuals believe shapes and changes their individual Session Organizer: sexuality. With open-ended questionnaires, undergraduates are Derek Christopher Martin, University of Arizona being asked to create an accounting of the major life experiences which they believe helped shape their current sexual-self. In Presider: discussion groups with their peers, students collectively Janet D Ockerman, Walla Walla University brainstorm about these factors that have qualitatively effected Participants: changes in their sexual lives. These accountings will be analyzed The Representation of Women in Sports Media Jordan Miller, using the theoretical framework of Michael Foucault. Idaho State University In the Eyes of Family and State: How Stigma Affects LGBT In this presentation, I report preliminary findings from my Parents' Decisions Having Children Rafael Joseph Colonna, research on inequality in the coverage of men and women in the UC Berkeley sporting world. I perform content analysis on four decades of Drawing on interviews with LGBT identified parents, this paper articles from the International Review for the Sociology of Sport explores how anticipated stigma shapes the process of having to see if there has been an improvement in the amount of children for LGBT families. Although other work has explored coverage by the media for women in the sporting world. My the potential stigma and discrimination embedded in the process research includes print and televised media from multiple of having children for LGBT prospective parents, this paper countries to see if there are differences around the world in the focuses specifically on how families anticipate potential issues coverage of men and women in the sporting world. I anticipated that might come up in the future (e.g., once they are parents and that. I would find an increase in the coverage of women’s sports, children are older) and how these concerns influence their family however, if it is a significant increase is still an issue that will building choices. Future oriented concerns that influenced how need to be addressed in the future. families planned and acquired children revolved primarily around Gender and Sexuality in Mainstream Media Coverage of the two issues. The first set of concerns revolved around maintaining SOOCHI Olympics Faye Linda Wachs, Cal Poly Pomona; parent rights and custody of children in the future. Respondents Sofia Pedroza, California State Polytechnic University felt that both their LGBT identities and use of “non- conventional” means for having children, such as adoption and Pomona; Jonatan Castillo, Cal Poly Pomona ART, created a context of legal ambiguity in which their rights Media coverage of sport remains strikingly gender imbalanced were limited, patchy, and/or ambiguous, leaving them vulnerable (Cooky and Messner, 2013). The Olympics are one of few to discrimination. The second set revolved around issues of sporting events in which female athletes receive a significant social recognition, both from intimates, such as extended amount of coverage. In addition, with the furor over GLBTQ families, and from outsiders, such as acquaintances and strangers. rights in Russia, we explored mainstream US press coverage of These concerns shaped a number of prospective parenting the SOOCHI Olympics. Despite more equitable coverage in practices including: method for acquiring children; who, if terms of amount, traditional gendered patterns of coverage anyone, among couples carried or provided biological material, continue. Most striking was that these patterns were most selecting gamete donors and surrogates, adoption criteria, legal prevalent in gender traditional sports, and in coverage of coed interventions taken, and surname selection for both parents and sports, the coverage was the most progressive. Sports that are children. Overall, respondents made family building decisions by not common in the United States were far more likely to cover anticipating how their choices would affect the possibility of female athletes than mainstream sports, with the exception of legal or social issues in the future and their vulnerability should figure skating. In addition, despite the furor over issues relating issues arise. to sexuality, the mainstream press was largely silent. Negotiations of Self and Social Identity in Trans Men’s We’re Here and We’re…Queer? The Production of Queer Sport Everyday Accounts of Becoming Men Miriam J Abelson, Spaces within Women’s Roller Derby Suzanne Becker, Portland State University University of Nevada, Las Vegas What does it mean to be a man? This paper argues that the Contemporary women’s roller derby challenges the hetero- process of becoming a man is centered on a negotiation between gendering and hetero-sexing of sport and sport spaces. While social identity and self. Being a man, a process fundamentally roller derby is one of the fastest growing sports in the world and shaped by race and sexuality, is a life-long process of learning to rapidly gaining mainstream visibility, the tactics, strategies, and negotiate the expectations of a variety of social contexts in light social practices deployed by participants within derby also of the gendered self. Based on in depth interviews with 66 trans position it as an emergent site of queer space and queer men, female to male transgender people, in three U.S. regions, resistance. Drawing from my ethnographic study of women’s this paper shows that we cannot understand what it means to be a roller derby leagues in the western part of the U.S., I highlight man without seeing how issues of recognition and authenticity two ways derby and its skaters perform queer acts that implode play out within the contexts of daily life. Recognition as men in traditional assumptions of gender, sexuality, and ritual, in and out particular organizations, with family, and with strangers provides of sport: The unique derby ritual of derby weddings and derby an important confirmation of the self in interaction. Once others wives, and the development of the Vagine Regime, a league saw them as men, trans men reported marked differences in how comprised of lesbian, bisexual, queer, and transgender skaters they were treated in interaction. Thus, this recognition opened up from the US and abroad. In a culture where female athletes may new social action that varied based on the particulars of the social still distance themselves from the label of lesbian, use perceived, if not real, heterosexuality to claim an advantage in the media time restraints, it is usually not feasible for these migrants to take and sponsorships, or downplay their commitment to other women the whole family with them to live in where they work. Thus in an attempt to emphasize their own heterosexuality, roller derby there exists such a population that is left behind in the source may offer a different type of cultural space in sport by setting a region, among which the left-behind children is of this research’s precedent for openness and acceptance toward sexuality and interest. According to China’s 6th Census, there are about 61 gender diversity. In its presentation of a queer positive public million left-behind children in rural China, which makes up image, women’s derby blatantly challenges heteronormativity of 21.88% of all children. Apparently, their well-being is significant sporting spaces and the traditional, masculinist model of to the country’s overall well-being and future development. aggressive, competitive, consumerist sport. Surprisingly, despite of the abundant studies on left-behind Roller Derby - Are YOU Woman Enough? Motivations for children’s psychological difficulties, academic and behavioral Participating in a Gender Deviant Sport Karen Sabbah, problems, there has been a lack of study on the physical health condition of the left-behind children, and even though there is so California State University, Northridge much investigation of certain symptoms of distress and Full-contact sports are often considered masculine and women depression of left-behind children, little is known some other who participate in these sports risk being stigmatized. Roller parts of mental health, such as autonomy, which can also be very derby is a full-contact sport. The women who participate deviate important to the explanation of some behavioral outcomes. By from hegemonic gendered norms and challenge male superiority. using the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), I As a result, they often earn labels including masculine, butch or examine the effects of parental migration on physical and mental lesbian. This research examines motivations for participating in health of left-behind children in rural China across gender and roller derby and how it allows women to challenge traditional age groups. The models are constructed based on the following expressions of femininity and masculinity through the sport. To competing theories: attachment theory, which predicts a negative discover the motivations and allowances, a series of semi- effect of parental migration on left-behind children's health; the structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted on New Economics of Labor Migration, which expects parental women who are part of the Emerald City Roller Girls (ECRG) migration to positively affect children's health through league in Eugene, Oregon. Findings show motivations for remittances; social support, which is estimated to function as a participation are the derby community, the inclusivity of the moderating or buffering role to compensate for the loss. sport, positive shift in body image, and derby provides an alternative lifestyle role than traditional gender roles of wife and Sibling Relationships and the Lasting Impact of Military motherhood. Implications of the study findings are discussed, Trauma Lindsey J Ritter, Cal State University San Marcos focusing on the process of self-acceptance and empowerment that Siblings have strong bonds that can last a lifetime. When that derby girls experience through the derby community and as they bond is destroyed the effects are long lasting to the surviving become more immersed in the sport itself. adolescent sibling. Some adolescents that deal with a traumatic The feminine taste: The influences of the feminine apologetic death of their sibling endure many lasting effects and have a difficult time coping. Sometimes the trauma, reality, and severity on the eating behaviors of collegiate female athletes of the loved ones death become too much for the surviving Samantha Fox, University of Northern Colorado sibling to endure and they take the most extreme measure and The passing of Title IX opened the door increased equality, take their own life. When looking at previous research there are particularly in sport participation between sexes; Title IX also correlations to birth order, family unity, type of death of the had a social consequence for these female athletes which is sibling, and military enlistment. In this current research known today as the feminine apologetic. Due to the conflicting interviews were conducted in order to better understand family perceptions of athlete being associated with the masculine and dynamics and sibling relationships when there is a traumatic the females participating in the sport arena, studies showed a military death. This research is done to help identify signals with pattern of behaviors where female athletes apologize for their young adolescent siblings who have dealt with military trauma. role in a masculine arena by overcompensating their femininity. The situation of 0-3 years old children temporarily abandoned A reason for this behavior stems from the boxes set forth by societal ideals of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized during 2003-2013 Rebeca Popescu, University of Bucharest, femininity, which leaves female athletes with, seemingly, Faculty of Sociology and Social work, Romania opposing ideals. However, recently, the feminine apologetic The present work analyzes the situation of children temporarily seems to be nothing more than simply feminine performance. abandoned in Romania. The research question seeks to This study uses a mixed-methods approach to see if the feminine understand if abandonment favored by poverty or by not taking apologetic, with the addition of eating behaviors as a factor, is on the parenting responsibilities? I use secondary data analysis of still something collegiate athletes exhibit with non-athletes as a data on institutionalized children and children abandoned in control group. Statistical analysis, interviews, and content maternities and hospitals, aged 0-3 years old for the 2003-2013 analysis are used to gather this data. time series. I hypothesize that the number of child abandonment and institutionalization is growing as the financial situation 203. Absence and Loss for Children & Youth worsens. Child abandonment is not unique in Romania, but has Childhood and Youth some specific characteristics determined by the communist Formal research session period, respectively by pronatalism followed by massive 8:30 to 10:00 am abandonment of children in orphanages. The lesson learned after Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D years of communism led to investing in prevention methods and Session Organizer: in the deinstitutionalization of children in the present, and there are different legislative provisions meant to help the families, Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos especially the poor ones for preventing child abandonment. Presider: Brittanie Alexandria Roberts, Portland State University 204. Religion in the Community Religion Participants: Formal research session Parental Migration and Left-behind Children’ Health in Rural 8:30 to 10:00 am China ZEQUN TANG, University at Albany, State University Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E of New York Session Organizer: In the era of China’s urbanization, more surplus labor force from Marta Elliott, University of Nevada, Reno rural area flow to non-agricultural industries and work in urban area. Due to the household registration system and economic and Presider: Santos Torres, Jr., California State University, Sacramento Participants: both for its harsh physical and social environments. Conversely, I 'I Went Through It So You Don't Have To': Faith-Based highlight ways in which perceptions that the garden is “God- powered” have led to an overreliance on supernatural causes of Community Organizing for Ex-Offender Rights Edward progress and prevented investment in infrastructure and outreach. Orozco Flores, University of California Merced; Jennifer This research contributes to a growing body of literature on Elena Cossyleon1, Loyola University Chicago urban gardens and the social forces that coalesce in these spaces. Using ethnographic data from Chicago, this article examines how It also builds on existing knowledge of embodied spiritual former gang members and ex-offenders engage with faith-based practices in everyday life. community organizing to expand ex-offender social rights. “Ordinary Radicals” Amongst the Pharisees: How Religious Participant observation and interviews were collected at two Progressives Integrate Faith and Politics Todd Nicholas sites: Fighting to Overcome Records and Create Equality (FORCE), a group of ex-offenders and former gang members, Fuist, Western Washington University and Community Renewal Society, a larger, diverse interfaith Recent events, such as the Nuns on the Bus tour, the “Moral civic group. Whereas research on the post-incarceration Monday” protests in North Carolina, and Pope Francis’ experience has focused largely on the rehabilitative efficacy of comments about the inequality of capitalism, have demonstrated religion, or critiqued the way in which rehabilitation socializes the power of faith-based discourses to challenge social ex-offenders as risk-bearing subjects, our findings suggest that arrangements, critically interrogate power, and destabilize taken- faith-based community organizing can enable political action for-granted identity constructions. Additionally, in each of these expanding ex-offender social rights. FORCE members used examples, the structural critiques presented by the speaker are “redemption scripts” (Maruna 2001:97) to engage in couched in a language of sacred morality and personal performances of reform and to distance themselves from their responsibility. This differs from conservative religious backgrounds, while Community Renewal Society used religious viewpoints that tend to focus exclusively on personal morality as organizational culture to shape performances into testimonies. responsible for social ills, eschewing any structural analysis. In Community Renewal Society provided platforms for testimonies this paper, I will draw on ethnographic and interview data with to enable political action, leading to the passage of Illinois House religious progressive communities to examine how they Bill 3061, expanding the sealing of criminal records in integrated faith and social justice in their talk. In particular, I will employment applications. Thus, religion can reconfigure ex- examine three key ways that faith and social justice were offenders’ relationship with the state in a way which expands integrated which recurred across the different communities I their social rights and makes them less vulnerable to contingent examined. These are: (1) referencing exemplars, (2) theological labor markets. application, (3) sacralization. Through examining these Faith Based Organizations of Sacramento, CA Santos Torres, processes, I contribute to our understand of how communities create the necessary categories of thought for social action. Jr., California State University, Sacramento Given the large number of religious institutions, such as 205. Working: Blueswomen, Strippers and Unionists churches, temples, synagogues, mosques, etc. as well as Race, Class, and Gender religiously affiliated organizations and institutions (i.e., Salvation Formal research session Army, Catholic Social Services, Lutheran Social Services), and 8:30 to 10:00 am finally, secular organizations whose mission statement espouses Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F religious or spiritual precepts as their guiding vision, an Session Organizer: empirical study serves to further advance our understanding of the social service spectrum. It is estimated that in Sacramento Sharon Elise, Sociology Dept/Calif State University San there are hundreds of faith-based organizations (FBOs), but in a Marcos cursory examination of the literature no studies have Presider: systematically collected and analyzed empirical data to make an Nelta Edwards, University of Alaska Anchorage accurate assessment. The range and variety of FBOs is expansive Participants: and in need of better understanding relative to the social services they provide. This study explores the wide array of services Inner-City Blues: Black Women, Gender, and Creative Forms provided, the organizational structure, and the funding streams of of Labor Alexis McCurn, California State University, FBOs in Sacramento, CA. Dominguez Hills Miracle in the Mojave: Lived Religion at a Las Vegas Nearly two years of field research among adolescents and adults Community Garden Tyler S Schafer, University of Nevada, in the Central East neighborhood of Oakland, California provides Las Vegas an ethnographic account of how young Black women accomplish the routine tasks necessary for basic survival in poor inner city Community garden literature tends to emphasize practical neighborhoods. I pay special attention to the particular kinds of matters like the division of labor, resource mobilization, land labor Black women do to ensure survival from one day to the acquisition, and the establishment of rules and regulations. In this next in this distressed urban neighborhood. Few scholars have paper I focus on a cultural dimension of urban gardening that explored the collective experiences of young women living in the sometimes influences the practical considerations of these inner city and the innovative strategies they develop to navigate efforts: “lived religion.” In community gardening literature daily life in this setting. This research reveals how young women religion is typically discussed as a source of “community.” describe the day-to-day work required to survive and stay safe in Alongside schools, senior centers, and neighborhoods, religious poor urban communities as the “grind.” My analysis uncovers the groups are a common collectivity that works together to cultivate different types of physical and emotional work young women do urban spaces. I focus on the ways in which individuals to negotiate the demands of living in underserved communities incorporate elements of contemporary spirituality into quotidian, regularly exposed to violence. Like young men in the embodied practices at a Las Vegas community garden. The neighborhood women and girls must contend with incorporation of religious or spiritual objects and practices in underemployment, poverty, race and class isolation, and regular everyday settings helps individuals experience their religious exposure to violence. I explain how young Black women and worlds as real and accessible. Lived, embodied religion is not girls are impacted in very specific ways by these key structural simply a matter of translating insights from religious authorities shifts and as a result of harsh structural conditions negotiate the to one’s daily existence, but also, inversely, of framing everyday, daily grind through creative forms of both physical and embodied practices as spiritual. Drawing from three years of emotional labor. participant observation I illuminate ways in which spirituality aids in the persistence of a community garden in a city known Gender roles in male strip clubs and revue shows Bobbi-Lee Smart, California State University Dominguez Hills; Joan Budesa, University of California Santa Barbara from different practices such as journalism, science, and activism Petersen and Dressel (1982) argue that male strip clubs, "provide while they work. Some photographers use strategies to blur the women access to opportunities for commercialized sex-related lines regarding who is authorized to speak about the entertainment that men commonly have had" (p. 191). They environment, often positioning themselves and other traditionally refer to this as gender-role transcendence. While this can be seen “non-experts” as ideal environmental communicators. Other in male strip clubs and revue shows, gender roles are not photographers strategically position and uphold established completely switched. Scull (2013) argues that rather than environmental experts such as scientists during their work allowing for gender role transcendence, male strip shows processes. Many strategies employed by conservation reinforce the gender roles of larger society. This research photographers position conservation photography as a liminal examines the extent of gender role transcendence within male space for discussions about environmental issues to occur. These strip clubs and revue shows. This research found that tactics can create a hybrid space for disparate voices to come Montemurro (2001) is correct in the claim that women may together to address conservation issues but they can also serve to become sexual aggressors, but still behave in a "ladylike" legitimate established communication practices that may not manner, which allows the dancers to remain in control. The encourage the most effective environmental communication. methods used to understand these relationships were participant Most conservation photographers hope that they, and their work, observation and in-depth qualitative interviews with current and generate links between major players in environmental debates, former male exotic dancers. This research found that gender role such as scientists, policy-makers, and environmental institutions. transcendence is only allowed so far as the dancers feel Thinking beyond conservation photography, the findings comfortable and in control. Women as the sexual aggressor is highlight the importance of closely examining media production more of an illusion, than truth as the dancers will reassert their to reveal the factors that influence the production of visual power should the need arise. material used to communicate about social issues. On Du Bois' Concept of the Race/Class Dialectic: the Case of The Fix is In: "Conspiracy Theories" in Sports Ginna Husting, an AFL Union Michael James Roberts, San Diego State Millikin University; Martin Orr, Boise State University University Documented conspiracies in sports have a long history, and are at This article draws upon previous scholarly research that least as old as the Black Sox scandal of 1919. Nevertheless, when addresses the issue of what David Roediger calls the “dialectics charges of collusion among players, referees, coaches or owners of race and class” in the work of historian and social theorist, are leveled, these are often immediately dismissed as “conspiracy W.E.B. Du Bois. In particular, this article engages the argument theories.” In this paper we employ sport as a model for the of Andrew Hartman (2004) that the field of whiteness studies has discursive work performed by the epithet “conspiracy theory.” failed to adequately address the complexity and significance of Through a content analysis of print media we demonstrate that, the phenomenon of class within the dialectical configuration of as is the case in politics, the labelling of critics of power in sport race and class. In order to address this issue I supplement as “conspiracy theorists” serves to deflect criticisms of illegal or Roediger’s thesis that the formation of working-class unethical behavior. consciousness in the U.S. was made possible, in part, through the What Does She Think? Gender Differences and Gender social and cultural creation of hierarchically arranged racial Inequality in Elite Political Blogs Eulalie Laschever, categories, with an historical investigation of how the movement University of California, Irvine for racial equality within an AFL union was made possible, in Political weblogs are new sphere for public political debate. part, through the discursive creation of class distinction and Some speculate that weblogs might offer greater access to hierarchy. I argue for the contingency of the race/class dialectic previously excluded voices, but it is unclear whether women by showing that in some cases class solidarity is made possible enjoy greater parity than in conventional political journalism. through racial distinction, while in other cases inter-racial Furthermore, most research treats the blogosphere as a solidarity is constructed around class distinction. In this way, this homogenous field, ignoring how gender dynamics might vary by article supplements Hartman’s argument that the concept of class structure or ideology. I analyze original data collected from posts requires more attention and nuance in the field of whiteness discussing the Tea Party Movement on 20 elite political weblogs studies as well as in studies of racial formations more generally. and four major national newspapers on April 15th-17th 2009. 206. Politics In And Of Media The 649 blogs posts and 17 newspaper articles analyzed show Media and Communication that men and women employ different discursive styles and that Formal research session gender inequalities are perpetuated. First, women are significantly underrepresented as authors across all weblogs, but 10:15 to 11:45 am this discrepancy varies by ideology and structure. Second, Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor feminine-type discourse, as commonly defined by socio- Session Organizer: linguists, is almost completely absent, regardless of a weblog’s Jeffrey David Montez de Oca, University of Colorado Colorado ideology or structure or an author’s gender. But female-authored Springs posts were significantly longer and included significantly more pictures. Third, the presentation of gender also differed by Presider: weblog ideology and structure, with gender ambiguity most Orvic Pada, CSU Fullerton/Claremont Graduate University common in posts on liberal Community weblogs. Finally, male- Participants: authored posts received significantly more comments than “It gets tricky.” Hybrid spaces and conservation photography. female-authored posts, meaning that men were better rewarded Elizabeth Schwarz, UC, Riverside for their blogging efforts. This study contributes to literature on media production, “And now we're on Facebook too”: diasporic communities activism, and environmental communication by focusing on the online and the future of diasporic discussion forums Gloria production of visual material by conservation photographers. My Macri, Dublin City University analysis draws from interviews with 33 conservation Drawing extensively on the scholarship on diaspora, migration photographers to address the following important questions: 1) and identity as well as the literature on the new media as a public How do photographers position themselves as environmental sphere, this paper provides an in-depth account into the communicators? and 2) How do photographers position formation of diasporic online communities. Using the case conservation photography as environmental communication? studies of Romanian diasporic communities in Ireland and the Beyond the photographs that are an outcome of their work, the Greater Los Angeles area, the paper explores how members of processes by which photographers make their photographs the two communities engage with various online platforms in the become important as well. Conservation photographers draw process of negotiating and performing their diasporic identities. The work of Safran (1991), Clifford (1994), Brubacker (2005) Double Negative: Claude Cahun’s Life as Art Kristen and Tsagarousianou (2004) will be of key importance for this Bernhardt, New Mexico State University discussion. Findings presented in this paper show that in the case Claude Cahun (nee Lucy Schwob) and her lover and stepsister of both communities, online discussion forums were among the Marcelle Moore (nee Suzanne Malherbe) attracted a great deal of first platforms used in order to connect with other Romanians, to attention when their estate was auctioned off after Moore’s death discuss the matters that they considered of utmost importance, and discovered by a private collector. Considered part of the and, ultimately, to create a diasporic community. Particularly in surrealist movement between the world wars, the two gained the case of Romanians in Ireland, the discussion forum acted as a some notoriety during their lifetimes but only for a short period, public sphere (Habermas, 1974) by providing a much needed and Moore’s role was mostly behind the scenes. Together they space that facilitated the circulation of information and enabled launched a counterinsurgency campaign against the Nazi collective negotiation of cultural meanings and identities. occupation of the Isle of Jersey where they retreated later in life, However, with the growing popularity and increasing producing and distributing countless tracts signed “the soldier accessibility of Facebook, the last three years have witnessed an without a name,” for which they were eventually arrested and explosion in the number Facebook pages and groups created and later released. Cahun’s constantly-changing, androgynous self- populated by Romanians in both these communities. Hence, this portraits and her provocative writing demonstrate her subversion paper also explores the context in which this shift has occurred as of gender and sexuality norms. This paper approaches Cahun’s well as the implications of this “migration to Facebook” for the constant construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of her formation of the two diasporic communities. identity through a phenomenological lens drawing on 207. Workshop: A Public Sociology of Teaching Social Theory performative theories of gender and the conception of reality as Teaching Sociology socially constructed. The social and historical context of Europe Workshop or demonstration session between the wars was a particularly permissive time for single or 10:15 to 11:45 am lesbian women, and Cahun’s position as upper-class and well- educated allowed her to exploit her personal freedom and explore Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A different versions of herself. However, her alignment with the Session Organizers: surrealist movement meant that she was also influenced by the Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento way she was culturally perceived, and constrained by the culture Preston Rudy, San Jose State University of misogyny that permeated surrealism at the time. Presider: Graffiti Walls: Migrant Students and the Art of Communicative Elizabeth Bennett, Central New Mexico Community College Languages Fernando Rodriguez-Valls, California State Participant: University, Fullerton A public sociology of teaching social theory Preston Rudy, San Language is one of the vehicles through which high school students express themselves and make sense of the deeds and Jose State University; Mridula Udayagiri, CSU Sacramento words of others. Students talk with and listen to their peers while This workshop is aimed to explore how the content of playing outside, having lunch or simply when they move from sociological theory must be effectively reimagined and classroom to classroom. In contrast, when students enter the reconstructed for sociology majors who populate large public classroom, human communication often turns into strategic teaching universities. The realities and experiences of these exchanges between teachers and students. Teachers talk to the students constitute some of the urgent political debates on students rather than with the students, which somehow impedes inequality and civic engagement. We propose that reimagining the students’ partaking in the language (Appleman, 2009; the approach to sociological theory, especially as it is consumed Copeland, 2005). The struggle depicted above increases when in comprehensive teaching universities can be effective in students who are participating in these communicative educating students to be civically engaged, It is our contention interactions are from migrant populations. Their constant that we can use a reimagined sociological theory to help students mobility from school to school, from state to state – following meet the goals of liberal learning, i.e. critical thinking and the harvesting seasons – and the Limited English Proficiency analytical skills. The workshop will first provide a brief overview (LEP) of these students add an extra difficulty in the attempt to of how sociological theory is delivered to majors in US reach a common ground where students and teachers might universities and identify areas of immediate concern that need to “speak the same language.” Following the concept of creating be addressed. There is an overemphasis on pedagogical strategies communication across difference, three teachers and a faculty in the scholarship of teaching sociological theory. Most of this member, designed an interdisciplinary curriculum that combined writing focuses on how to make sociological theory relevant and various artistic expressions – poetry, photography, drawing, useful to students by the use of case studies or engaged painting, tagging, and graffiti – with Language Arts skills. They scholarship. Within such a framework sociological theory designed this curriculum to de(fence) the voices, often silenced assumes a static and canonical character. Much of this has been by schools, of forty-two sophomore high school migrant students critiqued and deconstructed in the past two decades. As several attending the 2011 Migrant Summer Academy. In this theorists have contended, canon-making is intrinsic to the presentation, we will analyze the common-core assignments of structure of science. But using such static, canonical sociological this project and how those provided a place to construct theory is a futile pedagogical enterprise of major disservice to communicative spaces between students and teachers. The model sociology majors, especially those who are part of the under- we will share with the audience is as a tool for fostering critical resourced state apparatus of education. and creative thinking, a multidimensional skill that equally feeds 208. Voice-Image-Text: Identity Regulation and Political from every subject – Language Arts, Art, Math, Science, Social Subversion through Cultural Criticism Studies – taught at school. Privileging one subject over others Art, Culture, and Popular Culture tracks and delimits students’ thinking. Rather let student’s talk, draw, write, paint and tag so we can see them. Formal research session 10:15 to 11:45 am 209. Hidden Society: Imposter Syndrome and the Historically Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B Marginalized College Student Session Organizer: Member and Committee Organized Sessions William Andrew Hayes, Gonzaga University Panel discussion 10:15 to 11:45 am Presider: Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C Andrea Dassopoulos, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Session Organizers: Participants: Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus conceptualized—grounded in notions of maternalism, as innately Emily Jones, University of Kansas caring, or always exclusively identified in relation to state- sanctioned family structures. One of the goals of this research is Presider: to better understand the complexity of pain and its use in the Emily Jones, University of Kansas production of collective, trans-generational memory within the Panelists: growing mobilization for domestic worker’s rights. The objective Emily Jones, University of Kansas is to acknowledge yet offer new conversations around the Ann Strahm, California State University, Stanislaus embodied experience of workers that disrupts this reductive Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus narrative and instead emphasizes the contradictions that result Tamara Sniezek, California State University Stanislaus from the ways empowerment is intimately intertwined with other forms of violence. Rocio Garcia, University of California Los Angeles Barbara Olave, California State University, Stanislaus Insurgent Drywallers: Mexican Immigrants (Re)imagining the Workspace through Networks of Solidarity Diego Avalos, 210. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop II Arizona State University Ethnography During the 1990’s Southern California experienced a resurgence Workshop or demonstration session in unionism. Successful campaigns lead by Latina/o immigrant 10:15 to 11:45 am workers: the Justice for Janitors Strike, The American Racing Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A Equipment wildcat strike, and the Justice for Drywallers Strike, Session Organizer: became manifestations that countered conventional belief that Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University immigrants are an unorganizable workforce. While the 90’s is certainly a historic moment in labor history, this project diverts Presider: from the idea organization is limited to institutions. The project Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University examines existing mechanisms of organizing among immigrant Participants: workers in the drywall trade to pose the question: how do From mailroom to internship: In between days for the music workers organize themselves in the everyday to resist and survive a trade that is casual, decentralized, and deregulated? Through industry intern Alexandre Frenette, Arizona State University ethnographic research the project argues Mexican immigrant The Self, The Gender, The Species at Play: Knowing and workers in the drywall trade use social networks, rooted in Guessing in a multi-species Ethnography Jennifer Eichstedt, kinship and ties to town in Mexico, as a foundation for building Humboldt State University solidarity among workers. Networks of solidarity serve as means Negotiating Animal Welfare: Power and Conflict among for survival within the trade. More importantly, the networks Humans at an Animal Shelter Katja Guenther, University of present the possibility to re-imagine the workspace in the trade. The networks bring together work crews who act as independent California, Riverside contractors in the informal economy, deciding to work as a 211. New approaches to understanding labor activism and collective rather than replicate the hierarchal structure of the organizing industry. Workers split wages evenly among themselves and Labor and Labor Movements divide work responsibilities according to their strengths in the trade. The study argues that networks of solidarity become a Research-in-progress session means by which workers organize themselves in nonunion work, 10:15 to 11:45 am begin to regain control of the conditions of work and the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B relationships workers have with one another in the workplace. Session Organizer: Making Weed Work: Unionizing Medical Cannabis Labor in Gary Hytrek, California State University, Long Beach the 21st Century U.S. City Robert Chlala, University of Presider: Southern California Patricia Marie Martorana, New Mexico State University Who are the “new” medical marijuana workers – and what does Participants: it meant to work in an industry that is at once legal and illegal, Embodiment, Pain, and Memory in the Experience of Migrant above- and under-ground, and stigmatized and praised? In this paper, I look at the complex experiences of medical marijuana Domestic Worker Activism in Los Angeles Nancy Perez, workers in Los Angeles, and trace their recent attempts to Arizona State University unionize. Laborers in this industry have a unique lens on the Today the group that composes the majority of domestic work complexities of life and work in the “gray zones” of today’s and care labor in the United States are migrants coming from economy, and ethnographic research into their experiences opens Mexico, Central America, the Philippines, and the Caribbean. up new knowledge into the ways in which space, labor and The increasing labor performed by migrants from Mexico and consumer markets are actively constituted in everyday practices. Central America, for example, has been widely examined in the This research paper will also delve into how union leaders and spatial context of Los Angeles. This growing interest to domestic organizers approach this industry and urban policy on the work, as both a labor issue and a source of activism for increased changing drug economy. As a whole, this research hopes to open rights, stems from the organizing, field research and alliance new conversation into what it means to be a worker in the 21st work by domestic workers who are also contributing to the fight Century U.S. city – and how urban contexts are vital to the ways for immigration rights. The racial and gendered disciplinary in which we understand ourselves as citizens and political actors. measures that domestic workers experience and the multiple ways they resist evoke unique narratives of pain that disrupt 212. Violence, Race, & Sports representations of migrant bodies as passive victims within Sport and Leisure political, international platforms. The theoretical proposition of Formal research session this study is that the experience of pain, as it communicates a 10:15 to 11:45 am narrative that resists conventional paradigms, can allow us to Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C understand how the body experience is influenced by relations of Session Organizer: domination but also as a condition for possibility. I am interested in how the body resists localization of pain and rather Derek Christopher Martin, University of Arizona rearticulates culture, community, and self, in opposition to how Presider: normalized representations of laboring bodies are Douglas Wallace, California Baptist University Participants: behaviors and traits can be found within popular media forms Examining Violence and Confrontations in the Lives of (Atencio, Chivers-Yochim, and Beal, 2013). Specifically, within today’s society, African American males are commonly Combative Sports Participants Ivan Sanchez, CSU Fullerton; associated with superior natural athletic talent while Caucasian Michael P. Perez, CSU Fullerton males are often considered to be more superior in terms of Sociology of sports literature has found that combat sports are intelligence (Fitzpatrick, 2011). Utilizing a critical media often sites for the reproduction of violent hyper-masculinity. perspective, I thus aim to closely examine how these various Still, there is evidence that combat sports can also be settings for media forms use selectively chosen actors, backgrounds, angle men to exhibit an inclusive masculinity—a masculinity that is shots, and musical changes to appeal to the sporting tolerant towards expressive, alternative, and gay athletic demographic. In particular, I will examine from a critical identities. Ethnographic fieldwork and interviews of a men's perspective how African American males such as Lebron James, community college wrestling team are examined to explore Kobe Bryant, and Kevin Durant may be deliberately advertised factors that contribute to escalations of violence both on and off as cultural heroes, rewarded due to their athletic prowess, but in the mat. Theoretical considerations are discussed. ways that could negatively influence youth. My textual analysis Sexual Violence in Amateur Sport in Canada Curtis Fogel, of popular Nike media also raises critical questions about how Lakehead University Orillia these black masculine “success stories” in basketball are framed This paper critically examines the processes involved in the in relation to notions of the “white other”. I will thus examine continued perpetration and tolerance of sexual violence in how these commercials may also depict Caucasian males in amateur sport in Canada. Five main types of sexual violence are stereotypical roles, with particular consequences. This study will explored including: i) athlete perpetrated sexual violence against contribute to sport and leisure studies by providing research women off the field, ii) athlete perpetrated gang rapes, iii) non- findings of racial stereotypes found within popular sports media consensual sexual violence against peers during hazing rituals, consumed by society. iv) sexual assaults perpetrated by coaches, and v) sexual assaults 213. Childhoods and Inequality perpetrated by sports administrators. The empirical basis of this Childhood and Youth research includes the examination of over 150 legal case files and Formal research session documents, interviews with 59 athletes on their conceptions of 10:15 to 11:45 am consent, as well as the review of the existing literature on sexual violence in sport. The central question that guides this research Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D is: why does there appear to be a disproportionate amount of Session Organizer: sexual violence in sport according to statistical reports? Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos Televised sport and domestic violence in Canada Philip G Presider: White, McMaster University; William McTeer, Wilfrid Robert Bulman, Saint Mary's College of California Laurier University Participants: The incidence of domestic violence in relation to sport (Re)writing Identities: Past, Present, and Future Narratives of spectatorship has been examined by researchers in a number of Young People in Juvenile Detention Facilities Richard countries. These studies have largely focused on a particular sport event in a specific country, such as the Super Bowl in the Mora, Occidental College; Mary Christianakis, Occidental United States and World Cup Rugby in Australia. American College studies have reported on rates of domestic violence in specific Using the published work of incarcerated youth in the United locations (cities) as well as across the nation (various states) States, this paper explores how the youth creatively constructed during and after National Football League (NFL) games aired on their past, present, and future identities as students, sons, love Sundays. The findings generally show increases in reported partners, siblings, and juvenile offenders. The paper focuses on domestic violence around NFL games. Various explanations how writing transgresses the physical boundaries of confinement, have been offered, including the covariant effect of alcohol while simultaneously reifying the centrality of incarceration as a consumption, the associative effects of football and masculinity life-changing experience; an experience had by tens of thousands verification, elevated competitive tensions, and intrapersonal of young people in the U.S. year after year. An analysis of levels of confidence and assertiveness. The current study reports written work published in the publications of InsideOUT Writers, findings on rates of domestic violence in Canada during and after a non-profit organization that provides creative writing classes to the television broadcasts of World Cup Soccer (2010), the Super incarcerated youth in Los Angeles County, CA, indicated that Bowl (2011-13) and the Stanley Cup (2011-13). many youth engaged themselves as objects of study. More to the Black Coaches in the NBA and Racial Discrimination Jermaine point, they studied themselves in: 1) remembered/reconstructed past interactions and/or contexts; 2) (re)constructed present Hekili Cathcart, University of California, Riverside contexts; and in 3) imagined future contexts and interactions with The National Basketball Association (NBA) is seen by many as others, including society as a whole. Relying on the literature on the refuge of economic opportunity for highly skilled African social literacy practices and our sociological understanding of the American athletes, coaches, and executives. Yet, there is a self, reflexivity, abjection, and stigma, we argue that incarcerated suspicion among many that black coaches are not treated fairly or youth use their creativity to reflect on their physical confinement given the same opportunities as white coaches. This study seeks and their lives, (re)inscribe their life narratives, and (re)write to examine racial discrimination for black coaches in the NBA by their past, present, and future selves. The paper closes with our looking at variables such as coaching tenure, the types of teams reflection of our nearly five years as volunteer teachers with and quality of players black coaches are given, contract lengths InsideOUT Writers. and possibility of getting rehired. We predict this study will show that black coaches are discriminated against it subtle ways that Having a Hard(d) Time?: Young Peoples' Experiences of make their firing or lack of opportunities seem natural. Safety, Regulation, and Place in a Marginalised South Wales “All my moves are sharp...boomp, boomp, boomp. Go!”: A Community Gareth Martin Thomas, Cardiff University; Eva critical media analysis evaluating racial stereotypes in Nike Elliott, Cardiff University; Martin Innes, Cardiff University; basketball advertisements Archana Patel, CSUEB Gabrielle Ivinson, University of Aberdeen; Emma Renold, Cardiff University; Eve Exley, Cardiff University; Trudy Racial and ethnic stereotypes are associated with various socio- cultural groups, with severe implications for those involved in Lowe, Cardiff University sports and physical activity (Fitzpatrick, 2011). Furthermore, it This paper reports on a collaborative project with young people can be argued that these stereotypes surrounding racial and ethnic in the post-industrial South Wales valleys (UK) to map their experiences and perceptions of safety, regulation, and place. ordinal, respectively. The specific unit of analysis will be class, Drawing on 56 qualitative GIS interviews with young people and the general unit of analysis will be groups. Because the (aged 14-15), we capture the many issues they encounter – research involves minors, a proposal will be submitted to IRB including public violence, drug use, sexual harassment, racial and parental consent will be obtained from children’s parents. hostilities, domestic violence, and adverse environmental The advisor to this research is legal psychologist Dr. Monica conditions – which prompt or heighten feelings of fear, anxiety, Miller at the University of Nevada, Reno. and danger in their community. However, seemingly counter to such accounts, young people simultaneously recognize their 214. Sociology of Religion I hometown as a mostly safe and favorable location. Whilst several Religion explanations for this are offered, such interpretations are largely Formal research session attributable to young people staunchly protecting their much- 10:15 to 11:45 am maligned community. Whilst recognizing its problems, young Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E people construct a distinct community identity by emphasizing Session Organizer: the positive elements of community life and condemning the Marta Elliott, University of Nevada, Reno media for its overwhelmingly damaging and derogatory depictions of their locale and its residents. In what follows, we Presider: describe how we have balanced this discrepancy – of recognizing Matt Bahr, Gonzaga University problems whilst not contributing to further stigmatization – in Participants: collaborative work with civil society organizations to address Durkheim and the Genesis of Religion: Some Evolutionary young peoples’ concerns. To conclude, we contend that co- productive efforts with academic and community partners can Clues Alexandra Maryanski, University of California-at encourage innovative and productive forms of engagement with Riverside young people. Through this, young people in disadvantaged How did religion originate? Although unique to humans, communities can be provided with the necessary outlets to Durkheim remarked that only "nothing comes from nothing." If articulate needs to public officials, to mobilize their knowledge so, religion must be the end product of some developmental and capabilities, and to motivate and empower them to speak out process. This presentation surveys the empirical traces of religion about the barriers they face in participating as full public citizens. in the fossil, archaeological and in the primate record that made The Operation of Pro Youth Social Capital in Homeless its emergence possible. Communities Stephanie Anckle, Claremont Graduate Life After Death: The Last Information Gap - Until Now University Reginald W Bibby, University of Lethbridge; Andrew This study will examine the practices and policies that support Grenville, Vision Critical, Angus Reid Global the academic, health, and welfare needs of homeless young In the spring of 2004, we explored beliefs and experiential claims people, between the ages of 18-24. Current legislation, such as concerning life after death via representative samples of close to the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, and the McKinney-Vento 5,000 people in Canada, the United States, and Britain. We Act, failed to provide a long-term solution to help homeless started with an interest in tracking belief in LAD. We found young people at this juncture in their lives. The failure to address much more. What is intriguing is the extent to which people the long-term education, health, and welfare needs of homeless haven’t given up on the possibility that life continues after death. youth has resulted in this vulnerability among this population, What is startling is the extent to which they believe that which have led to poor academic outcomes, inadequate individuals who have died are continuing to follow what is taking socialization, and health risks. This study examined the social place in their lives and – even more – continuing to be in contact. capital that provides homeless young people with support and What is puzzling is that these pervasive beliefs and claims resources to create positive trajectories into adulthood. The persist, despite a substantive decline in recent decades in study examined resources available to homeless youth at the religious involvement and beliefs in all three settings. Such micro level. Data was collected from youth who reside in Los findings in countries with very different religious histories Angeles County. The findings of this qualitative study found that underline a paradox in the Information Age: we know more than homeless young people form social capital through peer enough about just about everything in life. But we continue to networks. The relationships formed through friends and know very little about life after death. Yet, the beliefs and claims acquaintances provide positive support during short and long- are far too important and common to be ignored. We conclude term episodes of homelessness. the paper by arguing that it’s time for social scientists to be Use v. Access: Computing by race, class, and gender Zachary among those who take a closer look. Paul Davidson, University of Nevada, Reno On the Origin of Religion; by Means of Natural Selection Do working-class adolescents use computers in a fundamentally Jonathan Turner, UC-Riverside different way than middle-class adolescents do? Generally, Selection is an undertheorized dynamic in human sociocultural working-class adolescents use computers in an instrumental way, systems. By examining the origins of religion, it is possible to and middle-class adolescents use computers in an expressive isolate the three basic types of natural selection relevant to way. This is important because computer skills are a critical job sociological understandings of the social universe. One type is skill in a 21st Century economy. This research differs from purely Darwinian, in which natural selection works on the research in the past because it is quantitative, and considers the phenotype, particularly neuroantomy, of individuals during the intersections of race, class, and gender on computing. The course of hominin evolution, thereby altering the distribution of primary theorist and theory used in this article will be Annette genes in the gene pool of a population of individuals. This line of Lareau and Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. inquiry allows sociologists to address in a more precise, and in a The research method that will be used will be a survey of 60 less speculative, way the topic of human nature, or the behavioral seventh and eighth graders, ages 12-14 in two public junior high propensities of humans that are hard wired into the human schools, in Reno, NV. One school will be low-income, and one genome and that, to some degree, drive human behavior and will be middle-income. The variable, “computer use,” will be patterns of social organization. The other two forms of natural grouped into the attributes, "applications, time, and facility." The selection are relevant for understanding what Herbert Spencer survey will include questions about whether students use, and for termed “superorganisms” or the organization of organisms, or in how many minutes, applications like Microsoft Word, Yahoo my terms, sociocultural formations. Spencerian selection occurs Instant Messenger, Google Scholar, and Facebook. A researcher when a population encounters adaptive problems for which there will conduct the survey verbally to insure the reliability of are no viable variants in the existing sociocultural phenotype and answers. The levels of measurement will be nominal, ratio, and underling cultural codes; under these conditions actors in populations either borrow or invent new types of corporate units to deal with these problems, and if these units are successful, assess levels, trends, and determinants in tolerance from the more such units are developed and eventually integrated into a McCarty era to the modern-day “War on Terror”. This study population’s institutional systems. The third type of selection is raises and addresses three inter-related questions. First, to what what I term Durkheimian selection and is, in essence, the extent are Americans willing to tolerate (i.e., to grant civil selection evident in such fields as urban ecology, organizational liberties to) Muslim extremists? Second, are Americans more or ecology, and human ecology more generally. Here selection is on less tolerant of this group than they were in the past of other social structures and their cultures that are in competition with groups such as Soviet-backed domestic communists at the height each other for resources in particular niches, with the fit of the Cold War? In other words, has political tolerance in the surviving and the less fit dying off or moving to another niche. In U.S. increased from the Cold War to the "War on Terror" era? the context of religion, Darwinian selection allows us to see how Third, how do people’s religious and political orientations the hominin and then human brains were rewired over millions of influence their willingness to grant civil liberties to this dissident years to make humans capable of conceiving of a universe of group? sacred beings and forces in a supernatural realm that are capable of influencing events in the mundane world and who, by virtue of 215. Job Context & Organizational Diversity these power, require ritualized appeals for their beneficent Work and Organizations intervention in the mundane world. Spencerian selection helps Formal research session explain why this capacity for religion became institutionalized in 10:15 to 11:45 am early societies. And Durkheimian selection allows us to examine Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F the ebb and flow of religious movements and conflicts during the Session Organizer: subsequent evolution of religions in human societies. This kind Christy Glass, Utah State University of selectionist approach does not explain everything about religion or any other subject matter in sociology, but it adds to Participants: explanations and also offers an alternative to what are often Code Blue: Teamwork and the Reproduction of Occupational rather naïve efforts of biologists and evolutionary psychologists Hierarchy in the Hospital E. Carolina Apesoa-Varano, UC to explain sociocultural phenomena. Davis Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological Over the past two decades, “teamwork” has become a ubiquitous Well-Being in Later Life Matt Bradshaw, Baylor University; term to describe health care delivery. In the hospital setting, Blake Kent, Baylor University; Katherine King, Duke teamwork remains a problematic concept, yet a powerful cultural University trope that leaves practitioners to reconcile unfulfilled ideals with Objectives: Considerable research has examined the relationship a contradictory reality. Taking as a poignant example the case of between religion and mental health, with the focus broadening code blue teams, we use ethnographic and focus group data from from organizational religious involvement (e.g., service mock resuscitation events on a large urban hospital to analyze attendance) to include private religious practices as well. The how different “team member” groups (e.g. doctors, nurses, present study builds on this work by investigating the effects of respiratory therapists) enact this ideology when encountering a prayer and attachment to God on psychological well-being dead patient. In this paper, I argue that teamwork is at odds with (PWB) in later life. Methods: Using data from two waves of the organizational mandates and the professional hierarchy that nationwide Religion, Aging, and Health Survey (2001, 2004), regulate inter-occupational relations on the floor, which OLS regression was used to estimate the associations between reproduces a “together but apart” social order. Teamwork, in frequency of prayer and attachment to God at baseline with turn, becomes an ideologically contested terrain that is cross-wave changes in three measures of PWB: self-esteem, symbolically and behaviorally negotiated around the dead patient optimism, and life satisfaction. Results: While no meaningful in a way that the formal organizational hierarchy is informally associations between prayer and changes in PWB were observed, reproduced through labor process of resuscitation. a secure attachment to God was found to be positively associated How Much Can We Take: Craft breweries explosion and the with improvements in optimism, but not self-esteem or life power of local markets James Kirkham, Northern Arizona satisfaction. Results also showed that the relationship between University prayer and PWB was moderated by attachment to God; prayer In 1978, Charlie Papazian and Charlie Matzen formed the was associated with improvements in PWB among individuals American Homebrewers Association (AHA) in Boulder, who had a secure attachment to God, but it was associated with Colorado, with the publication of the first issue of Zymurgy declines among those who were insecurely attached to God. magazine, announcing the new organization, publicizing the Discussion: The findings reported here shed light on the complex federal legalization of homebrewing and calling for entries in the relationship between pray and PWB by showing that the effects first AHA National Homebrew Competition. The Association of of prayer are contingent upon one’s perceived relationship with Brewers was later organized in 1983 and included the American God. Implications of these findings for research on the religion- Homebrewers Association and the Institute for Brewing and mental health connection, attachment theory, and successful Fermentation Studies to assist the emerging microbrewery aging are discussed, and an agenda for future research is outlined. movement in US. This paper examines the emergence of the craft Religion, Politics, and Radicalism: Re-Examining American brewery industry and investigates how different breweries Political Tolerance Jacob Armstrong, College of Western structure their organizations. I use data from the Brewers Idaho Association and from interviews conducted with six local In the post 9/11 era, a crucially important question is whether organizations that fit the definition of a craft brewery. Using combating Islamist extremism will entail placing further Carroll and Swaminathan’s constructs I investigate six local constraints on individual liberties like the freedom of speech. In breweries in Flagstaff, Arizona, where Northern Arizona the 21st century, Islamist extremism emerged as one of the University is located, build individual case studies, and argue for predominant challenges faced by the United States and other a general study. I contend that Carroll and Swaminathan’s Western democracies. With the inclusion of a Muslim extremist theoretical speculations provide an applicable framework and target in the GSS 2008-2010 surveys, there is now a Stouffer-like suggest a methodology to explore the cultural conditions for the measure being used in a nationally representative time-series craft brewery explosion across the United States. survey for a group that is politically relevant in the modern The Role of Social Networks in Federal Agency Hiring: context, and that shares important characteristic similarities with Comparison of Employees from Diverse Backgrounds Arlyn Communists at the height of the Cold War. In the current study, Yire Moreno Luna, Oregon State University; Deanna H. we conduct a reanalysis of Stouffer’s (1955) original data, and Olson, Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest compare with data from NORC GSS [1972-2010] in order to Service; Ken Vance-Borland, Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service; Mark Edwards, Oregon State Seattle, Washington. It will analyze the framing messages University, School of Public Policy produced by both the 15 NOW campaign and their opponents, Due to past hiring practices, various U.S. federal agencies have Sustainable Wages Seattle (SWS) and Forward Seattle (FS), to workforces that do not match the diversity of the populations measure how those messages fit into diagnostic, prognostic and they serve. The Partnership for Public Service in 2011 found that motivational sub-frames within the larger collective action United States Forest Service (USFS) ranked number 149 out of master frame (Benford and Snow 2000). This study will model 206 agencies in the category of ‘Support for Diversity,’ inspiring the content analysis fundamentals set out by Holsti (1968) and new USFS efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Little followed up more contemporarily by Rohlinger (2002). It empirical research has examined the role of personal social represents a deductive form of reasoning drawing from collective networks during employment processes, and whether or not identity frameworks (Benford and Snow 2000) to conceptualize understanding such networks might aid outreach and hiring to movement frames. It also incorporates movement- achieve a diverse workforce. Our study used survey-based countermovement theoretical perspectives from Meyer and methods to investigate the potential role of social networks Staggenborg (1996). among USFS employees from underserved and better-served Mobilizing Support and Opposition: Tea Party Movement communities. We randomly sampled and then interviewed 183 Activity and the 2010 Election Burrel James Vann, employees of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station of University of California, Irvine the US Forest Service, and examined if personal networks were I consider the role social movement activity plays in voter involved in the processes of getting their job. Our results show turnout and vote shares in the 2010 Senate election. I argue that that: 1) males were more likely than females to use non-social varying numbers of Tea Party organizations provide different means of finding out about their PNW jobs; and 2) white contexts for the movement to encourage educated (critical) and employees were more likely to have been informed about their responsible voting amongst potential voters. Tea Party rallies, as job by males, and non-white employees were more likely public displays of contention, help to increase public awareness informed by females. Findings support the role of social of the movement’s issues and goals. In multivariate analyses, I networks in underserved communities for locating federal agency show that in communities where Tea Party mobilization is employment. The theoretical implications of these findings are strong, the percentage of the total vote for Republicans is strong, discussed. but Republican voter turnout is weak. This demonstrates that in 216. Countermovement Activism and Backlash Politics these contexts, although Tea Party messages about responsible Social Movements and Social Change voting were strong enough to pull voters away from the Research-in-progress session Republican Party, overall Republican support was strong. Rallies are a strong predictor of not only Republican voter turnout, but 12:00 to 1:30 pm voter turnout for all parties. However, rallies are related to Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor substantial decreases in the percentage of the vote for Republican Session Organizer: candidates by way of backlash from non-Republican voters. Jennifer A Strangfeld, CSU Stanislaus The Tea Party Movement's Impact on the 2016 National Presider: Election Zachary Paul Davidson, University of Nevada, Sine Anahita, University of Alaska Fairbanks Reno Participants: Will the Tea Party Movement (TPM) have a significant impact Digital Man Cave: The Neo-Masculinist Movement on the on the 2016 national election? After a significant decline in popularity and support in the 2014 midterm election, the TPM Internet Sine Anahita, University of Alaska Fairbanks will experience a resurgence in 2016 fueled by a backlash against Social media such as blogs, newsgroups, and bulletin board conservative Republicans and liberal Democrats. The TPM is a services (BBSs), are providing new platforms for new social radical and reactionary group, that if gains power will movements. As physical public spaces shrink, digital public dramatically change U.S. social welfare policy. Many articles spaces have expanded, offering new ways for social movements will be reviewed relating to the TPM and White nationalism, to work. In our proposed presentation, we map the neo- media coverage, and the social movement life cycle. A secondary masculinist movement on the internet. Of particular interest is analysis will be conducted on campaign contributions, public how the movement has utilized the internet to elaborate its opinion polls, and candidate affiliations to learn whether the ideologies, gain adherents, share strategies and tactics, and create TPM is gaining or losing economic, public, and political support networks. Our data consist of the text from approximately 50 approaching the 2016 election. The advisor to the research is blogs, newsgroups, reddit subcategories, tweets, and other political sociologist Dr. Clayton Peoples at the University of digital-based communications related to the neo-masculinist Nevada, Reno. The main theorists and theories used in the movement. We argue that there are ideological parallels between research will be David S. Meyer and political opportunity, and historical anti-feminist backlash movements and the neo- John McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald and resource mobilization. masculinist movement that we map in our presentation. The Tea Party Movement includes activists and legislators. The However, we also claim that the neo-masculinist movement main impact is the level of funding for TPM candidates for diverges from historical movements due to its digital nature. We national office, influencing the legislative agenda through use contemporary social movement theory, such as frame signaling of popular support, and candidates aligning themselves analysis, social movement identity theory, network analysis, and with the TPM. The campaign finance data will come from the political opportunity structure ideas to analyze the neo- Federal Election Commission disclosure database (which does masculinist movement. not include political action committee contributions), the public Movement and Countermovement Collection Action Framing opinion polls will come from Gallop, and candidate's affiliations Tactics from the 15 NOW Campaign: A content analysis of will come from an original content analysis of candidate social media Jeff Mitchell, University of Nevada, Reno statements on campaign websites and TV and print interviews. How are framing and counter framing tactics used by social 217. Sociology of Memory: New and Classical Conceptualizations movements to create change and affect media coverage of their of Memory, Personal or Commodity, Public or Private? desired issues? Although there has been research on this topic in Member and Committee Organized Sessions the past on more traditional forms of media such as newspapers Formal research session and nightly TV news, there is a gap in the literature in the wake of technological advancements like blogs, social media and other 12:00 to 1:30 pm online sources. This study will be a content analysis of the Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific messages that were produced during the 15 NOW campaign in Session Organizer: Noel Packard, N/A According to IMF statistics (2012), annually between 150 to 180 Presider: thousands educated Iranians leave Iran and Iran, in terms of brain drain, rates first place in developing countries .There are many JACOB A. MILLER, European Graduate School Iranian students in the U.S that have lived away from Iranian Participants: society for many years. This research is interested in knowing Early and Chronic Life Stress and Lasting Impairments in whether those students are willing to return to Iran after Learning and Memory Processes: Social Implications Justice graduation. Also, the research would like to know about their Castaneda, UCSF; Wyatt Potter, Neuroconsulting, LLC concerns and plans for Iran and understanding the nature of these programs and their relevance to the needs and requirements of Information, Appropriation, Value and Questions Noel Packard, Iran. The main objective of this research is to understanding the N/A reasons that Iranian students have for immigrating to the USA The Management of Memory Among Older Americans Living and their plans for the future. This study is based on the theory of Alone with Cognitive Impairment – A Pilot Study Elena attraction and repulsion. It used the system approach of Jennissen Portacolone, University of California San Francisco (2002) and Lee (1966) regarding the formation and continuation of the brain drain phenomenon as a structural problem in Iran. In Discussant: this theory, the migration of specialists is both the direct and JACOB A. MILLER, European Graduate School indirect product of interactions between economic, social, 218. Immigration and International Issues in Education political and cultural factors Education (other areas) The Effect of Unrestricted Immigration on Schools in Miami, Formal research session Marseille, and Dublin Joel Fetzer, Pepperdine University 12:00 to 1:30 pm Popular rhetoric claims that because of immigration, native Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A schoolchildren have “no room to learn” and educational Session Organizer: standards are being “dumbed down.” Yet relatively few empirical social scientists have examined whether immigration Lisa M Nunn, University of San Diego actually causes school overcrowding. A larger group of Presider: statistically oriented scholars has examined migration and Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa Cruz academic achievement, but they tend to focus more on how well Participants: migrant students do in school than on whether immigration hurts native children in the same district. The smaller pool of Attitudes of Parents of Scheduled Tribes and Non Scheduled investigators who have looked at this latter question usually aim Tribes towards the Education of their children. (With the to test the “peer effects” theory of immigration effects but often Reference of Gujarat State in India) Jhaver Chhotu Patel, are confronted with the serious methodological problem of Gujarat University Ahemdabad India endogeneity via immigrant and native self-selection into Key Words: Parents, Scheduled Tribes, Non Scheduled Tribes, particular districts. To estimate the largest-possible immediate Family, Social Attitudes, Social Background, Values etc. In the effects of various types of migrants on the degree of traditional Indian society education was not open to everybody overcrowding and academic achievement in secondary schools in but was ascribed to certain caste. As such the parents had no large cities in particular, this essay therefore analyzes official choice in deciding what education should be given to their over-time classroom-density and test-score data from three children. It was decided by the community by custom. In the natural experiments where immigration is clearly exogenous to modern urban and industrial era in education the parents have a the choice of school district: the arrival of the Mariel Cubans to choice. They are free to educate their words as they like. And Miami, Florida, in 1980; the influx of Pieds-Noirs and Harkis most of the time children spend with their parents at home. As “repatriates” from Algeria into Marseille, France, in 1962; and such the influence of the family as socialize of its young is very the migration of new European Union citizens from Eastern great. Infect parents are important socializing agents of the Europe into Dublin, Ireland, in 2004. Based on interviews with children. The parents of children are found in differences like teachers and school officials, examination of archival materials education, occupation, religion, values, attitudes, and modernist from relevant institutions, and quantitative panel analysis of etc. so it is necessary to study the parents of the students as an educational and census data, my study concludes that the rapid, important factor influencing the achievement and aspiration of “uncontrolled” migration of immigrant secondary-school children education. Objectives The study focuses on students does seem to have temporarily increased classroom differentiation between ST’s and Non ST’s education, density in all three cities. However, the sudden arrival of school- occupation, religion, values, attitudes and modernism etc. and age immigrants does not appear to have substantially affected the find out achievement and aspiration of education of their overall test scores in these districts. Theoretically and children. Methodology This study is empirical as well as empirically, this investigation helps estimate the upper bounds of descriptive analytical and comparative. It aims to explain who get the possible education-related effects of rapid, unrestricted more education and how. The sample selection was identified by immigration into an urban area and disconfirms an immigration- three important variables population, education and region and based “peer effects” model of academic achievement. Though then 1074 parents from ST and 462 from Non ST were selected massive immigration does not necessarily cause a decline in as sample. There were found some differences between ST and student learning, it may boost classroom overcrowding in the Non ST regarding the occupation, service, type of house, first few years after the migrants’ arrival. physical facilities, school of children, expenditure towards Discussant: education, tuition fees, problems in admission etc. Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa Cruz Brain Drain in Iran: Iranian students' reasons for permanent 219. Bronies, Mean Girls and Urban Ink: Gender and Sexuality immigration to USA �Elham Hoominfar, Utah State in the American Cultural Industry University Art, Culture, and Popular Culture Throughout history, migration of people from one place to Formal research session another has played an important role in human development, and progress is indebted to this population displacement. However, 12:00 to 1:30 pm the nature of the immigration has been changed by the current Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B global situation. One of the important problems of developing Session Organizer: countries is the increasing migration of skilled laborers and elites William Andrew Hayes, Gonzaga University to developed countries. Iran has a high level of brain drain. Presider: Katherine Everhart, Northern Arizona University given how gender has traditionally been perceived and presented Participants: by mainstream media. This study examines the presentation of beauty and body types based on gender in current popular "I can't be your wife:" Gender and the Cultural Double Standard tattooing magazines. The results of this study show support for in American High School Films Robert Bulman, Saint the hypothesis that popular tattoo magazines present gendered Mary's College of California images, where women are more likely to be presented with This research is based on a content analysis of 141 American emphasis on physical appearance and mainstream body types and films about high school. One hundred four of these films feature men are more likely to be presented with emphasis on more mostly middle-class students in public suburban schools and neutral tattoo-as-art emphasis and alternative body types. thirty-seven of the films feature mostly poor and working-class 220. What Influences Underrepresented Student Success? students in public urban schools. Building upon my previous research about what high school films reveal about American Education—Higher Education cultural understanding of education, adolescence, and social class Formal research session (Bulman, 2004) I offer a preliminary analysis of what these films 12:00 to 1:30 pm also tell us about gender in American culture. Just as I have Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C previously used Bellah, et. al’s (1985) argument about the Session Organizer: importance of utilitarian and expressive individualism in Megan Thiele, SJSU American culture to explain class differences in American high school films, I apply these theoretical concepts to explain the Presider: different ways in which men and women are depicted in these Kelly Nielsen, University of California, San Diego films. For the “urban school” films I focus on gender variations Participants: among teacher-heroes and for the “suburban school” films I Community Cultural Wealth and Latina/o College Choice: The focus on the gender variations among student-heroes. In both Role of a College Access Program Brianne A Dávila, cases I find evidence for a cultural double-standard. In the urban school films women are not allowed to have both successful California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Roseanne professional and domestic lives. They must choose between Macias, California State University, Dominguez Hills utilitarian and expressive individualism. In the suburban school This research draws upon community cultural wealth (Yosso, films young women are expressive individuals as are the young 2005) and qualitative research methodology to address the role of men. However, the young men are given much more freedom a college access program in shaping Latina/o college choice. This with which to express their identities. The expressive identities of study examined how Willamette Academy, a college access the young women, by contrast, are limited by their relationships program, was instrumental in helping students draw on their with men. community cultural wealth and navigate the college preparation The Manhood of Brony-dom: Conceptions of Masculinity process as they made their college choice. Latina/o students’ college choice is influenced by a variety of factors, namely Among Male Fans of My Little Pony Patricia E Literte, campus racial demographics and financial barriers. Willamette California State University Fullerton; Caralou Rosen, Academy supported students through this process by expanding California State University Fullerton their social networks and ability for self-advocacy. This study investigates how male participants in the Brony Sibling Social Capital and College Success among subculture construct multiple masculinities and understandings of Underrepresented Students Wendy Puquirre, University of sexuality. “My Little Pony” is a popular toy line that emerged in 1983 and included a variety of ponies of different colors and California, Merced; Irenee R. Beattie, University of “personalities.” The original toy line ceased production in 1995. California, Merced However, a more contemporary version of “My Little Pony” has Research in the sociology of education has long stressed the recently emerged with the cartoon television show “My Little academic benefits of social capital in households with college- Pony: Friendship is Magic”. The typical demographic for this educated parents. This explanation, however, offers little insight television show is girls, ages 5-13. However, the show for understanding the academic success of underrepresented unexpectedly fostered an adult male audience, which has students, including Latinos, African Americans and first contributed to the creation of a Brony subculture. This research generation college students. Drawing from social capital theory, examines how and why men are fans of the show and participate this study examines the effect of an additional source of social in the Brony subculture. Particular attention is paid to the capital that may facilitate college success for underrepresented relationship between participation in the fandom and these men's students: sibling social capital. We expect that having an older understandings, conceptualizations, and enactments of sibling who attended college and talking to them about masculinity. educational matters will prove especially beneficial for The Process of Co-optation: Presentation of Beauty and Body underrepresented students’ college achievement, engagement, and persistence compared to their overrepresented peers (whites, Types in Tattoo Magazines Deborah Louise Burns, Iowa Asians, and continuing generation college students). Using the State University Social Interactions and Academic Opportunities Survey, with a In the past, tattooing was viewed as primarily an unacceptable random sample of 401 undergraduates attending a Hispanic and deviant practice in the United States. However, this has Serving Institution, we use OLS and Logistic regression largely changed and the current views on tattooing have predicting college success. We measure sibling social capital in broadened to span those who still view it as a generally deviant two ways: 1) whether or not an older sibling attended college practice to a widening group who see it as an acceptable form of and 2) the frequency and topics of educationally relevant expression, pride and art. One reason for the possible change in conversations the younger sibling reports having with their older attitudes towards tattooing in the United States is due to its sibling while in college. Preliminary results indicate that sibling exposure and integration into mainstream culture through mass college attendance and educational discussions have positive media. One of the more obvious indicators that tattoos are a part effects for Latino and African American students compared to of the social mainstream is its prevalence in mediated popular overrepresented groups. Focusing our analysis on typically culture. Although the members of the tattooing subculture may marginalized students may reveal tools for success that have been see the broadening acceptance of tattooing as positive, there are previously overlooked by social capital studies and studies on the also some concerns about the potentially negative aspects that academic achievement of underrepresented groups. may accompany US “mainstreaming” or co-opting of tattooing as The Effects of Biculturalism on American Indian College an acceptable practice. This study is concerned with the potential gendering effects on tattooing practice and media representation, Students’ Adjustment and Success Machienvee Lammey, New Mexico State University; Sandra Way, New Mexico structured college-preparation program attended a four-year State University university. Furthermore, participants who did not attend college American Indian students tend to have low college retention and cited other reasons for choosing not to enroll, including financial graduation rates compared to other minority ethnic groups in the reasons, pressure to work, and gender expectations. country. While there is a dramatic increase in undergraduate Discussant: enrollment rate (from 70,000 in 1976 to 176,000 in 2008), only Kelly Nielsen, University of California, San Diego 15 percent of American Indians/Alaska Natives adults are reported to have completed a bachelor’s degree in 2008 221. The Ethnographer's Circle Workshop III according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Given Ethnography the uniqueness of American Indian students’ historical and socio- Workshop or demonstration session cultural experiences, several studies have suggested different 12:00 to 1:30 pm psychosocial and cultural factors affecting their academic Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A persistence. One potential, yet understudied factor is the notion Session Organizer: of biculturalism. Biculturalism occurs when individuals adopt Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University dual cultural identities and employ competencies and skills drawn from both the dominant and minority cultures. While Presider: biculturalism has been examined in other contexts (i.e. in relation Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University to psychological well-being,), there is a paucity of research Participants: studies that focus on its effects in college adjustment and Constructing Testimonies from Narratives: How faith-based achievement. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining data collected from 155 American Indian college students at a community organizing shapes ex-offender civic engagement midsized, southwestern university. To measure the levels of Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced; biculturalism among the students, we use Oetting and Beauvais' Edward Orozco Flores, University of California Merced (1991) Bicultural Ethnic Identity Scale. Correlation, multiple Multiple Dimensions of Subordination: Masculine regression, and logistic regression analyses will be employed to Compensatory Strategies among Sex Workers Sharon examine the effects of biculturalism on students' college Oselin, University of California Riverside adjustment (i.e sense of belonging, perceptions of cultural fit, university environment, and etc.) and success (i.e. GPA and Violence and the Forging of Black and Brown Identity in South graduation). Central Los Angeles Cid Martinez, University of San Diego The Top 2%: Former foster youth and making it at a four-year 222. Narrating Identities: Place and Context university Julianne M Smith, UC Davis Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions Previous research has shown that former foster youth have Research-in-progress session significantly lower educational attainment than their same aged 12:00 to 1:30 pm peers in the general population. While there is a breadth of Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B literature on the educational attainment of this population in the Session Organizer: social work and education disciplines, sociological research on this population is lacking. Moreover, research on the academic Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana pursuits of former foster youth has been mainly quantitative and Presider: has failed to make first-hand student accounts central to its Jennifer Raby, University of Colorado-Denver analyses. Drawing on data from a yearlong qualitative study of Participants: former foster youth at a large research university in California, this paper explores how these students come to understand Place as Archive, Interactant, and Memory: How we academic and personal success in the field of collegiate Narrate/Perform Place and Self Ginna Husting, Millikin achievement. I find that former foster youth arrive on campus University with a gap in the basic adult competencies that children generally Place as Archive, Interactant, and Memory: How I acquire by emulating adults around them, most notably, their Narrate/Perform Place and Self Ginna Husting with Ken parents. I argue that former foster youth must identify and deploy Laundra, Sammy Smalley, This project is an ongoing, attitudes, dispositions, and behaviors valued by the privileged collaborative project exploring self and power in relation to space classes in order to thrive in the college environment. The and place. I use walkalong interviews with diverse kinds of purposeful acquisition of cultural capital allows former foster people who inhabit two college campuses to map everyday youth to distance themselves from the “ward of the state” identity places and how they intersect with memory and emotion and and realign their self-image with their collegiate surroundings. performance of identity. Much of the current literature on place These findings contribute to theories of social and cultural and power, especially outside of sociology (Nigel Thrift's work, reproduction by illuminating the ways in which post-secondary for example), focuses on large-scale, collective constructions of educational institutions legitimize certain class-specific acquired place and collective identities (nation, race, ethnicity, large capacities by treating them as intrinsic traits. subcultures); but a symbolic interactionist view of power asks us From the Fields to College: An Analysis of College Aspirations to think about the micro-places which become become part of our Among Latino Farm Workers rodolfo rodriguez, California performances of self and constructions of inequality over time. State University, Sacramento This project and interviews pointed to a fairly large gulf between our localized, individual stories of particular micro-places and a Access to resources that help shape aspirations to go to college is very ‘macro’ set of theories aimed at mapping large phenomena not as readily available to all students; the exposure to these (the machinery of imperialism, for example). The project builds resources is dependent on an individual’s social location and a provisional passage over that gulf, exploring how everyday characteristics. According to Bourdieu (1993), the knowledge people use everyday places in powerful, storied ways. The data attained in primary and secondary educational institutions is an so far point to the following themes: belonging and exclusion important indicator of educational achievement. This study happen in part through a process of physical and symbolic em- applied Bourdieu’s social and cultural capital theory to examine and dis-placement; and the “ghosts of place” (following Michael the decisions of Latino students and non-students to pursue a Bell's work in rural sociology). I find a series of recurrent post-secondary education, specifically those with farm working physical, symbolic, and social mechanisms by which places are backgrounds. The researcher conducted seven in-depth defined, stabilized, or redefined, and people made welcome or interviews and found that although all participants identified a unwelcome within the borders of campuses—across race, support network, only those who had been involved in a sexuality, gender, language, class, nationality, and physical ability. Participants’ sense of belonging, their like and dislike of used in elementary school all influence d/Deaf individuals’ place, are contingent upon: the physical alteration, destruction, degree of Deaf identity centrality. Results also show that the and rebuilding of place; the symbolic processes of naming, higher a d/Deaf individual’s degree of Deaf identity centrality, defining, or neglecting spaces; and the means by which the higher their self-esteem, the greater their degree of self- respondents were acknowledged or recognized socially and concept clarity, and the more comfortable they feel around others interactionally by others who claim space. How do people who are d/Deaf. Implications of the findings are discussed. identify or dis-identify with space, and how do they live, Who IS a Derby Girl? The Significance of a Derby Identity perform, narrate that? How are they haunted by place, or how is Karen Sabbah, California State University, Northridge; place haunted for them? These are themes this presentation will address. Michael J. Carter, California State University, Northridge Roller derby has become a world-wide sensation since its Navajo Native American: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Identity resurgence in 2001; presently over 34,000 female players jolene cun, CSU Dominguez Hills participate in derby leagues across the globe. This research An individual’s ethnic and cultural identity is important because examines the social construction and development of the roller it defines who a person is. Navajo Native American ethnic and derby identity, and how the derby identity becomes a salient cultural identity is attached in a deep emotional bond with the identity within the self-concept. To discover how derby players’ land base and may explain how some were able to keep their identities change as they become more involved in the sport, a unique identity intact, while others distanced themselves from series of semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were their Native American identities. Also, Navajos have assimilated conducted on women who are part of the Emerald City Roller to the dominant culture, which in our society, the American Girls (ECRG) league in Eugene, Oregon. Findings show that the culture. This research shows how the Navajo Native Americans derby identity manifests in derby athletes as either an alter ego, defined their ethnic identity and cultural identity. The methods an extension of one’s personality, or the realization that one’s used in this research were in-depth interviews of twenty-two alter ego has transitioned into an extension of one’s personality. participants, both male and female from Shiprock, New Mexico. Implications of the study findings are discussed, focusing on the The interviews consisted of open-ended questions relating to process of identity change and empowerment that derby ethnic and culture, such as, traditions, values, ethnicity, participants experience as they become more immersed in the assimilation and language. The results showed how each Navajo sport of roller derby. Native American defined their ethnic identity and cultural identity with the in-depth interviews. This study focused on how 223. 2016 Program Committee Lunch and Meeting Navajo Native Americans currently define their identity and Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting shows how different generations define who they are, ethnically Committee meeting and culturally. This research will also try to find common factors 12:00 to 1:30 pm that affect ones identity and this can be beneficial to the Navajo Hyatt Regency: Floor Fourth - Regency Ballroom B Native Americans as it will allow them to question their ethnic Session Organizers: and cultural identity. Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University Glen Haven Strong: Identity in the face of natural disaster. Robert Nash Parker, University of California, Riverside Jeffrey A. Houser, University of Northern Colorado The floods of September 2013 reshaped the canyons and streams 224. Identity & Meaning in Sports & Leisure of Northern Colorado. Rivers run where homes once stood, Sport and Leisure roads and bridges were washed away leaving many who live in Formal research session small mountain communities stranded while awaiting evacuation. 12:00 to 1:30 pm While much has been made of the speed with which federal, state Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C and local agencies have rebuilt the infrastructure to allow Session Organizer: displaced residents to return to their homes, little mention has been made of the efforts mountain communities have undergone Derek Christopher Martin, University of Arizona to rebuild their sense of identity and place. This research in Presider: progress focuses on one such community, Glen Haven, Colorado. Dinur Blum, University of California, Riverside Over 80% of Glen Haven’s small business center was swept Participants: away by the raging flood waters, 15 homes were destroyed, and 90% of the residents of Glen Haven were forced to abandon their Re-Imagining Leisure for the Twenty-First Century Tony homes for months—with some still unable to return. In short, Blackshaw, Sheffield Hallam University, UK Glen Haven was lost, her commerce shut down, her roads in Leisure comes into its own as the form of life practice par ruins, her residents displaced and scattered. Yet in just over a excellence in the twenty-first century. Building on Peter year since the disaster Glen Haven has undergone a seemingly Sloterdijk’s assertion that modern men and women are not so impossible resurgence, not in terms of repairing the physical much thrown into the world as make themselves through damage caused by the disaster, but in terms of what Glen Haven anthropotechnics, this paper argues that in the twenty-first means to her residents—their sense of civic pride, their resilience century we see ourselves as ‘beings for whom being is a in the face of overwhelming challenge, their sense of community question’ who want to determine our own worlds rather than and identity. This research stems from the first hand experiences have them determined by the economic, political or social of the author, a resident of Glen Haven, and his interactions with situations in which we find ourselves. Just as producer members of the community as they rebuild, reshape and restore modernity stood cognitively under the sign of the work ethic Glen Haven. (homo faber) and the false promise of the coming leisure society A Social Psychological Examination of Deaf Identity Processes (homo ludens), twenty-first century modernity presents itself under the sign of ‘Mußt dein Leben ändern’ (‘You must change Michael J. Carter, California State University, Northridge your life’). Men and women (homo repetivivus) today are not In this study I use a social psychological framework to better interested in the ‘innerworldly asceticism’ identified by Max understand Deaf identity processes, specifically the influences Weber or the kind of leisure that took place in the shadow of it, and outcomes of Deaf identity centrality. A new measure of Deaf but in anthropotechnics: norms and networks of cognitive, identity centrality is introduced, based on a derivation of the physical and social training and discipline through which we live Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity centrality scale. An our lives and construct our worlds in the face of the uncertain online survey was administered to 329 d/Deaf individuals. risks presented to us by modern living and the certainty of death. Results show that age, severity of hearing loss, age one became Uses of leisure are primary spheres of anthropotechnics and these d/Deaf, communication method, and the communication method (rather than work) become the test of our will, the measure of our concentration, and the personal litmus test of our self-worth. As different interpretations as to what constitutes proper play this paper demonstrates when we engage in leisure, we perceive behavior. The beauty of combining sportsmanship with sport that we can become ourselves, in a radical way. studies programs rests with its ability to more closely exam the Cultural Ethnography of Recreational Salmon Fishers in ideals of good sportsmanship. Washington and Alaska Janet D Ockerman, Walla Walla 225. Self and Place for Children & Youth University Childhood and Youth This research reports the findings and conclusions of a cultural Formal research session ethnography spanning a ten year period of participant observation 12:00 to 1:30 pm of recreational Salmon Fishers in the waters of Washington and Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D Alaska. The researcher utilized a symbolic interactionist perspective throughout data collection and analysis. Session Organizer: Conclusions describe the practice of the sport as similar to the Marisol Clark-Ibáñez, CSU San Marcos stages of a military campaign. Presider: Exploring Open Mixed-Sex Sport: The Experiences of Brittanie Alexandria Roberts, Portland State University Equestrians Linda Henderson, St. Mary's University College, Participants: Calgary Joining the Spectrum: Neurodiversity on the Stage David Feminist and sport scholars are interested in the issue of how Boyns, California State University, Northridge; Ah-jeong “sex” affects sport participation. One topic related to this interest Kim, California State University, Northridge; Christopher is mixed-sex sport; sporting events or activities where men and Lawrence, California State University, Northridge; Sarah women compete together and against each other. Although there are numerous examples of mandated mixed-sex sport, that is Stembridge, California State University, Northridge; Vincent where a certain number of men and women compete against Torres, California State University, Northridge other men and women (as in mixed-doubles in tennis and pairs During June and July of 2014, the Joining the Spectrum youth figure skating), competitive equestrian events appear to be “sex- theatre conservatory was held. A theatre production called blind” – that is men and women seem to be competing as total Joining the Spectrum was planned, rehearsed and performed equals. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 30 during this conservatory and resulted in five performances. The competitive equestrians conducted in July 2014, this paper production was a big success and each performance was sold out. explores the notion that male and female riders are competitive The participants in the production were a combination of youth equals. The findings reveal some interesting and unexpected on the autism spectrum and neurotypical youth who do not have answers and sex-related stereotypes. an autism diagnosis. Almost 30 youth participated in the Frontstage, Backstage at The Gun Range Daniel James production. In total, we collected rich pre/post questionnaire and observational data from these youth. The tested concepts are Krystosek, University of Nevada, Las Vegas framed by the positive psychology literature. Preliminary This study employed ethnographic fieldwork guided by analyses for the youth on the spectrum show increases in areas of dramaturgy to examine and explore a tourists’ shooting self-esteem, empathy, and friendship quality. Implications for range/retail store located in Las Vegas, Nevada which advertises this research are twofold. For one, it provides empirical support the ability to shoot a real machinegun. The attraction blended the for neurodiverse interventions, i.e., an effort to remove any sport of shooting weapons with other performance elements to stigma attached to autism spectrum disorders as well as promote entice tourists. The purpose of my research was to examine and inclusion of these individuals with their neurotypical peers. explore the roles actors and audience portrays at an indoor Second, it provides evidence for the function of theatre in shooting range/gun store which promotes itself as a tourist building community among seemingly disparate groups. attraction. Using grounded theory allowed me to interpret patterns, themes and common categories evident in the actors and ‘Successfully’ Failing to Launch: ‘Adultness’ in an Age of audience members’ behavior. Results show the performances at Economic Uncertainty. Jaye Cee Whitehead, Pacific The Gun Range can be classified into three major themes: The University Expert Performance (both employees and customers display their The number of young Millennials (18-24) living in the natal advanced knowledge of guns and shooting), The Hero home has reached a level higher than Americans have witnessed Performance (the actors wanted to save the hostages printed on in four decades (Fry 2013). Current evidence suggests that this the target) and The Hangover Performance (the fulfillment of trend is clearly related to macro-level economic pressures that being tourists in Las Vegas, able to party and have a crazy time). make it difficult for young adults to live independently (Newman Sport Studies Programs and Sportsmanship Tim Delaney, State 2012; Silva 2013). Penned “the great risk shift” by Jacob Hacker University of New York at Oswego (2008) and simply “neo-liberalism” by others; the burdens associated with job insecurity, depressed wages, and the rising "Sport Studies Programs and Sportsmanship" Tim Delaney State cost of housing and college education shift to individual families University of New York at Oswego Sport studies programs are who must adjust to economic pressures. As macro economic rapidly growing in popularity across the United States and forces continue to erode normative white, middle-class American throughout many parts of the world. Sport Studies examines paths to adulthood such as marriage, job security and residential sports in the contexts of historical and contemporary culture and independence, how do young adults and their families understand scrutinizes sport's cultural relationship with education, the “growing up” while living at home? In what follows, I explain economy, families, the media, politics, and considers race, class how young adults and their families adjust by crafting alternative and gender differences and so on in the sport experience. The understandings, practices and feelings of ‘adultness’. I interdisciplinary design of sports programs allows for an demonstrate how these logics, practices, and feelings of adultness examination of sport in both a global and local context and serve to ideologically preserve capitalism, even in the midst of its fosters a spirit of inquiry and calls on students to broaden their demonstrated failures. Works Cited: Fry, Richard. “A Rising perspectives. Sport studies programs are also designed to expand Share of Young Adults Live in the Parents’ Home: A Record 21 the student's knowledge of sport by presenting empirical data, Million in 2012.” (Pew Research: Social and Demographic theoretical inquiry, and a multi-disciplinary analysis to what is Trends, August 1, 2013). Hacker, Jacob S. 2008. The Great Risk known about the social arrangements within and around the Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the sports world. In this paper, the idea of promoting sportsmanship American Dream. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Newman, as a central theme of sport studies is proposed. While the concept Katherine S. 2012. The Accordion Family: Boomerang Kids, of "sportsmanship" is well known to us all, its parameters seem Anxious Parents, and the Private Toll of Global Competition. to fit into gray areas which lead to different definitions and Boston: Beacon Press. Silva, Jennifer M. 2013. Coming Up Short: Working-Class Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty. The proportion of people in the United States who, as Oxford: Oxford University Press respondents on nationally representative surveys, identify as “I want to be someone in life:” Youth’s Aspirations as Emotion unaffiliated with any religious tradition has risen steadily over Work in El Salvador Meghan Katherine Mordy, Colorado the past two decades. While there has been considerable popular discussion of what has caused this trend and what it means, only State University a handful of empirical investigations (most notably Hout and Research on educational aspirations finds that poor youth have Fisher [2002] and Baker and Smith [2009]) have used statistical “irrationally” lofty goals and are highly optimistic about their modeling strategies – which allow the researcher to interpret the chances for academic success even though they come from effect of one variable while controlling for the effects of several families and communities where few youth succeed at school. others – to identify predictive characteristics of these This paper examines the aspirations of poor urban youth in El respondents. These studies point to a range of socio-demographic Salvador. The vast majority of youth in this study say they aspire and associational variables as significant predictors of religious to go to college and work as “professionals.” Most believe that non-affiliation. To build on this existing body of work, this anything short of a college degree ensures a life of precarious research uses forty years of General Social Survey data and work. These high aspirations are maintained by youth in a binary logistic regression to examine the direction and size of country where only small minority go to college: Of 100 effect of previously identified predictors on the likelihood of Salvadoran children who enter 1st grade, only 39 graduate survey respondents self-identifying as religiously unaffiliated. middle school, 22 earn high school degrees, and 12 start college. Most predictors are found to be either increasing in their effect Very few young Salvadorans become that “someone” they dream over time (e.g., political ideology, race) or decreasing (e.g., of being in early adolescence. This paper examines the gender, region of residence), with one notable factor – college aspirations of recent school dropouts. It shows how these youth education – apparently losing its effect by the beginning of the continue to express high educational aspirations, even in the face new Millenium. of academic failure. It uses the concepts of “emotion work” to describe how youth use aspirations to manage anxiety during Women and Pastoral Leadership in the Black Church: Hearing highly uncertain times in their personal lives. It also explores from those involved. Timothy M. Larkin, Grand Canyon how this “emotion work” involves youth in individualizing their University academic failures and creating plans for the future which require The study examines the controversy within the Black Church major personal changes and self-sacrifice. Lastly, it explores how concerning women attaining the role of pastor. The data is dropouts minimize their contact with former peers in efforts to gathered through a survey and interview process from a avoid the shame of leaving school. As a result, youth often lose convenience sample of male and female ministers-in-training and networks of peers that could support their reintegration into pastors within the Black Church. The study indicates the schools. problematic nature of females engaging a dominantly male leadership process. Issues of access to training, gender roles 226. Sociology of Religion II within the religious organizations, contradictions that face the Religion congregation and the cost for female aspirants are explored. The Formal research session study indicates that women experience a male dominate 12:00 to 1:30 pm leadership pattern and tradition, inequitable treatment as Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E ministers-in-training and pastors, within the Black Church. The Session Organizer: study also points to change and the desire for change that is Marta Elliott, University of Nevada, Reno engaging the Black Church. Presider: “Isolating the Markers From the Ideologies of Islam: Revisiting Evan Heimlich, Grossmont College and UCR a Quantitative Approach in Defining ‘Islamophobia.’” Lucas L Hanna, University of Northern Colorado Participants: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that it is not the Believe It or Not, Atheists Can be Sexists Too: The Strategic questioning of ideologies that is the source of prejudice toward Silencing of Feminists Online Stephanie Ann St.Amand, New Muslims, but rather the symbols of Islam and the meaning that Mexico State University non-Muslim Americans place upon these symbols that generates Research suggests that the secular community not only self- ‘Islamophobia.’ Using a quantitative survey, 237 undergraduate describe as being more supportive of gender equality than students enrolled in introductory level language arts classes were religious individuals, but they are also more resistant to surveyed to determine the source of ‘Islamophobia.’ Participants traditional gender roles, and have more egalitarian viewpoints were randomly chosen to answer one of two surveys. Both concerning women’s rights. Despite this, a preponderance of groups were given surveys that held religious beliefs constant. evidence on the blogosphere indicates that atheists are The independent variable being tested is the religious leader that increasingly participating in gendered online harassment. is portrayed as teaching the different ideologies, one of which is Although research indicates that women generally have difficulty portrayed as Muslim and the other Christian. A series of semantic maintaining an online presence without being subjected to differential and social distance scale items have been answered to gendered online harassment, the particular context of this issue is evaluate how the participants feel certain ideologies taught by the remarkable as the atheist movement has a history of concern for different religious leaders will affect society. T-tests were used to social justice issues. This study will examine the discursive compare the results of the two surveys. Findings indicate that tactics atheists use to denigrate, discredit and silence feminist participants rated the beliefs presented by the Muslim cleric as bloggers inside the online atheist movement. I will use content leading society to be more oppressive, violent and fearful than analysis to examine hate mail, in the form of comments in the same beliefs presented by the Christian cleric on the semantic response to blogs, vlogs, and social media updates, and tweets on differential items. Additionally, respondents identified that they twitter directed against relatively well-known feminist atheist felt more comfortable keeping a nearer social distance to the women using a qualitative content analysis research design. As Christian leader, his place of worship and followers of his beliefs such, this study will add to the growing body of research than the Muslim cleric, his place of worship and followers. regarding sexist discourse used to intimidate women in the public Thusly, these findings support the hypothesis that ‘Islamophobia’ sphere. This work will also contribute to the dearth of research is based upon markers of Islam and the interpretations placed regarding atheists and the atheist movement. upon them rather than the ideologies. What’s Behind All This “Nones-sense”? Changes Over Time in 227. The (Changing) Meaning of Work Factors Predicting Religious Non-Affiliation in the United Work and Organizations States Kelley D. Strawn, Willamette University Formal research session does with the volatility of career structures, or the fragmentation 12:00 to 1:30 pm of career trajectories. Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Life on Glass: Screen-mediated work and frustration in the Session Organizer: production of the audience commodity Michael L Siciliano, Christy Glass, Utah State University University of California - Los Angeles Presider: This paper attempts to extend theories of screen-mediated Sojung Lim, Utah State Univeristy experience drawn from the sociology of markets into the sociology of work. Drawing primarily on Urs Bruegger and Participants: Karin Cetina’s theories of inhabiting economic life’s global Casual, precarious, insecure or flexible? Identifying and microstructures and objects of knowledge, I begin by analysing the discourse of insecure employment. Kate Daisy constructing a typology of screen-mediated work experiences. I Bone, Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University then present qualitative data gathered through fieldwork that I conducted within a digital media organization that I call The casualisation of work has been steadily increasing over the Obsession. This company generates revenue by monitoring, last 20 years in Australia and at present between 20 and 40% of analyzing, and selling digital media audiences to advertisers. employees work under insecure working contracts. The impacts Within this firm, worker experience differs markedly from other of this situation are debated, especially under the new Federal technological intensive, screen-mediated workplaces in that Government intent on ending ‘The Age of Entitlement’. One employees experience frustration rather than pleasurable, main question requires answering in order to support the embodied immersion with regard to the screen. In order to wellbeing of employees. This is, what language should be used to explain this unexpected finding, I conclude that Bruegger and refer to employees who, according to the Australian Council of Cetina’s theory may be extended into the workplace by paying Trade Unions, experience: unpredictable and fluctuating pay; closer attention to a worker’s capacity for action within a screen, inferior rights and entitlements; limited or no access to paid the temporality of interaction within a screen, and the leave; irregular and unpredictable working hours; a lack of transparency of information presented by screens. security and/or uncertainty over the length of the job and; limited say at work over wages, conditions and work organization? As The Long Arm of the Job in Times of Insecurity. Work and Bauman (1993, p. 22) argues, “Some words linger longer, leave Social Participation in Germany Christian Hohendanner, deeper grooves than others”. Certain catchy words become Institute for Employment Research popular or invasive in everyday language. Terms such as casual, A major concern of sociologists is the impact of work on other contract, contingent, flexible, temporary, non-standard, atypical, domains of social life. In recent years, flexible forms of irregular, vulnerable, informal, uncertain, transient, precarious employment like fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work or and insecure commonly appear and are often used marginal part-time work increased significantly. In addition, interchangeably. However, these words have different many regular employees faced an increase in their workload. At connotations and in this project their meanings and the purpose the same time, there is a decline in social and political behind their use in fulfilling the agendas of particular interest participation in Germany. Following spill-over theory and groups has been analysed. An inability to determine how to previous empirical research, working conditions are likely to characterise workers hinders the ability to understand this influence civic engagement and social participation. However, population, record accurate statistics and also explore through evidence on the relation between the employment status and research the issues that face insecure workers in Australia and social participation is scarce. Therefore, I investigate the globally. One certainty is that ‘casual’ employees are not a relationship between different forms of employment (self- homogenous group and they often do not consider their employment, regular and temporary employment), non- employment a casual matter. Bauman Z (1993) The Sweet Scent employment (unemployment, housework, retirement) and social of Decomposition. In: Rojek C, Turner B (eds) Forget participation in Germany. Baudrillard? London: Routledge, 22-46. Discussant: Changing Careers? Stories and experiences of significant work- Sojung Lim, Utah State Univeristy life change Jesse Potter, London School of Economics and Political Science 228. ASA and PSA Meeting with High School Teachers of Social This paper explores the personal experience of changing ‘career’. Sciences It does so through a narrative lens; through the accounts of men Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting and women who have undergone dramatic career change. The Other Group Meeting literature on the changing structure of career – including that on 1:45 to 3:15 pm ‘boundarylessness’ and ‘portfolio’ work – tends to pay less Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Harbor attention to the way that people deal with these changes. With Session Organizers: this in mind my analysis is twofold: examining, on the one hand, Lora J Bristow, Humboldt State University the well referenced notion that careers are less linear and predicable than previously theorized; while on the other, the way Jean Shin, American Sociological Association that career change is enacted by individuals – how it is negotiated 229. Visual Sociology Projects in the Classroom; Institutional and experienced. Based on material from a forthcoming Palgrave Learning Objectives and Teaching Diversity and Social Justice monograph, and drawing on empirical research involving 30 Teaching Sociology narrative interviews with individuals who have undergone Workshop or demonstration session significant work-life transitions, the paper examines the more subjective, intimate, and interpersonal aspects of careers that are 1:45 to 3:15 pm unstable, or in transition. These more ‘personal’ insights Hyatt Regency: Floor First - Pacific highlight how focusing on the structure or trajectory of careers Session Organizers: can mask how ‘non-traditional’ careers are actually experienced. Akello Joseph Stone, El Camino College Moreover, emphasis on the changing career form overshadows Beverly Yuen Thompson, Siena College the discursive predominance of more traditional or linear notions; that the expectation of progress, promotion, and linearity – often Presider: associated with career – remains hegemonic. Therefore, the Matthew Baron Rotondi, UC Riverside challenge of changing careers has as much to do with the Participants: persistence of (normative) ambitions, pressures, and expectations Visual Sociology Assignments in the Classroom Akello Joseph – that career’s ‘should’ be stable, linear, and ‘progressive’ – as it Stone, El Camino College; Beverly Yuen Thompson, Siena Success College Education—Higher Education In this teaching workshop the presenters will overview various Research-in-progress session web-based technologies that can be used to create innovative 1:45 to 3:15 pm student assignments. These assignments can be applied to any Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom A level or topic of sociology class. Through such assignments, Session Organizer: students can gain skills necessary for living in an online environment as well as a technologically rich working world. Not Megan Thiele, SJSU only will students be required to write proper content for their Presider: assignments, but they will also learn the skills of design, Brian Holzman, Stanford University presentation, and addressing multiple audiences (online and face- Participants: to-face). Finally, instructors will also learn how to house their courses in class blogs, showcasing student work, and inviting the Do Interpersonal Disputes Affect Academic Success? public to observe or interact with class content (including with Preliminary Findings from a Campus Survey Heather experts related to the topics at hand). The technology to be Foster, Northern Arizona University overviewed includes: Prezi.com, Wordpress.com, This paper addresses the research question: ‘Do interpersonal GoAnimate.com, Twitter, weelby.com and YouTube videos. disputes affect academic success?’ Our review of the literature Prezi.com is a presentation platform that creates visually suggests there may be a connection between student disputes and dynamic, non-linear, online presentation for both face-to-face academic performance. Adrian-Taylor, Noels, and Tischler and virtual audiences. Wordpress.com is a blogging, or web (2009), Punyanunt-Carter and Wrench (2008), and Mamchur and design interface, with which students can create research pages, Myrick (2003), for example found that relationships with and short, in-class blog responses. With GoAnimate.com, mentors and advisors affect academic life and career goals. students can use this text-to-talk animation software to create Krumei, Newton, and Kim (2010) and DiPaola, Roloff, and characters that interact with each other in a chosen setting. Using Peters (2010) further these findings by looking at the effects of this, students can have one or two characters talk about an students’ interpersonal conflict on their social and academic academic topic, have a conversation about a sociological issue, lives. In their surveys of university students, Brockman, Nunez, provide an abstract for a presentation, or answer a complex and Basu (2010) and Zigarovich and Myers (2011) found that a problem. Twitter can keep students and audiences connected in third party presence is essential to peaceful resolution. In this short updates about the latest classroom activities. Weebly.com student, undergraduate and graduate students collaborated in the provides free web sites with a “drag and drop” approach to web collection and analysis of campus survey data (N=106). The 30- site design. Youtube provides a platform for students to host item questionnaire gathered information about such things as: the videos, including video blogs and public service announcements. types of disputes students have with university personnel and By creating technological assignments, students not only create other students, their satisfaction with dispute intervention, and content (writing, photographs, videos), but create an entire predictors of academic success. For this paper, we report the platform on which to showcase their work. Such displays can be results of statistical tests of the relationship between students’ used for online portfolios of work in an age when employers experiences of disputes and their efforts to achieve academic need workers with a variety of skills, including using online success while controlling for the effects of demographics. We platforms. will also report the effects of intervening variables like the type Meeting the University's Institutional Learning Objective: of issue at dispute, the type of resolution assistance offered to Faculty Developed Resources for Teaching Diversity and students, and the personnel who provide it. We will assess the Social Justice Rose Wong, California State University, East implications these findings have for the literature about student dispute resolution and academic success and for assessing Bay; Duke Austin, California State University, East Bay; campus dispute resolution services. Sukari Ivester, California State University, East Bay; Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Postsecondary Preparation Colleen Fong, Cal State University, East Bay on College Enrollment by Parental Immigration and In Spring CSU East Bay adopted a diversity and social justice Immigrant Group Brian Holzman, Stanford University Institutional Learning Outcome (ILO), where graduates of the university will be able to "Apply knowledge of diversity and The U.S. has seen great change in the number and composition of multicultural competencies to promote equity and social justice immigrants. Since 1960, the foreign-born population more than in our communities." We will highlight our efforts to meet this doubled and the primary sending countries shifted from Europe objective through a faculty mentoring program and the to Latin America and Asia (Grieco et al. 2012). Guaranteeing production of an in-house teaching guide. CSUEB is the most college access may be difficult for immigrants today due to diverse campus on the US mainland, with 12,000 undergraduate “inadequate information about college opportunities and how to and 1,300 graduate students, where students of color comprise access them, cultural differences, citizenship issues, language 62.15% and white students 20.32%. Colleen Fong will provide barriers, and, too frequently, discrimination” (Baum & Flores, opening remarks detailing the racial diversity of the students and 2011, p. 172). Furthermore, the U.S. has a stratified system of an overview of the Faculty Mentoring Program. Mentees Duke higher education which requires a detailed knowledge of the Austin and Sukari Ivester will report on the new content and numerous steps to college entry (Roksa et al. 2007). This study teaching methods they use in their respective upper division seeks to integrate literature on immigrant assimilation and sociology courses, how students responded, and their overall acculturation, specifically theory on the context of reception, assessment. Professor Austin will discuss how students in his with research on college choice to examine how postsecondary "Crossing Borders, Crossing Boundaries" class hosted students preparation, or the steps to college, differentially affects from Oakland International High School, a public school immigrant children. Using data from the Education Longitudinal designed for recent immigrants. Professor Ivester will discuss Study of 2002 and propensity score matching, I test whether how she and her students co-created a syllabus on the first day of students who complete the FAFSA are more likely to enroll in a class in her "Social Psychology" course. Rose Wong will discuss four-year institution. Additionally, I examine whether this effects the origins and development of the online Teaching Guide she varies by parental immigration and immigrant group. Preliminary compiled and provide a demonstration. Colleen Fong will make findings indicate that the effect of FAFSA on college enrollment closing remarks on the challenges of meeting this ILO with such is positive and does not differ much among the children of a highly diverse student population. immigrants. In the cases in which it does differ—native Blacks and immigrant Other Hispanics—the effects are positive. While 230. Higher Education: Understanding Enrollment and Student this heterogeneous Hispanic effect is promising support of the theory, there is some indication that model improvements are a Using findings from a study conducted among bioscientists in a necessary next step. U.S. research university, I show that definitions and frames of The effect of campus climate on undergraduate student-parents’ scientific autonomy are redefined from an absolute academic performance Roman Nunez, UCR right/responsibility to a pragmatic research strategy. Student-parents are a growing population in American colleges Explaining HPV Vaccine Technology: Goal-Oriented versus and universities (Bean and Metzner 1985). Research has Pragmatic Models of Action Natalie Aviles, University of examined non-traditional students, such as older students, part- California-San Diego time students, and commuters, but student-parents are While the reception of Gardasil, the first human papillomavirus understudied (Bean and Metzner 1985). The little research on (HPV) vaccine, has attracted the attention of many sociologists student-parents shows that student-parents face challenges, such due to its relationship to gender, sexuality, and global as balancing their studies with child care, and may need unique inequalities, few scholars have attempted to explain the peculiar resources to succeed not only as students but also as parents biomedical technology comprising this vaccine. Current (Lynch 2008). Other research examines campus climate effects explanations account for the development of this technology by on student outcomes but has not examined student-parents scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) counterfactually, specifically (Elder et al. 2009). While other research examines attributing decision-making around the technology to scientists’ family friendly policies in the workplace, little research examines values of efficacy in clinical trial performance rather than the family friendliness of campus environments, as experienced efficiency in reducing the global burden of disease. While by student-parents (Kiger et al. 2009). This study fills the gap in important exercises in the ethics of pharmaceutical manufacture, research on student-parents by examining how student-parents at these explanations subscribe to a goal-oriented model of action UCR experience the campus climate with regard to family and that fails to take into account important theoretical developments the impact of that experience on academic outcomes. in the sociology of science that offer empirically richer and more Discussant: compelling models of laboratory practice. In this paper I offer a Nathan D. Martin, Arizona State University competing account of the development of HPV vaccine technology based on a model of action grounded in pragmatist 231. Science and Technology cultural sociology and science and technology studies. The Science and Technology pragmatist model of action explains decision-making in the Formal research session development of HPV vaccine technologies as a process of 1:45 to 3:15 pm problem-solving in the face of material and social resistances. I Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom B argue that this pragmatist approach better accounts for how NCI scientists adapted their research to changing organizational Session Organizer: environments and technical problems, and thus remains more Ryan A Light, University of Oregon faithful to the historical record. Finally, I argue that this approach Presider: encourages more rigorous counterfactual reasoning, as it grounds Bridget Harr, UC Santa Barbara counterfactuals in interpretive comparisons of closely analogous Participants: historical events, such as efforts to investigate virally-induced cancers at NCI during the 1970s. Assembled and Forgotten: Managing the Sexual Assault Kit “Scientific” Polling and the Rhetorical Use of Statistical Backlog in New York City Andrea Quinlan, Cornell Sampling: boundary- and conflation-work Dominic Lusinchi, University University of California, Berkeley Police investigators and prosecutors routinely rely on sexual assault kits to document survivors’ physical injuries and identify “Scientific” pollsters (Archibald Crossley, George H. Gallup, and perpetrators of sexual assault. Recently, large backlogs of Elmo Roper) emerged onto the American media scene in 1935. untested sexual assault kits have come to light in many cities Much of what they did in the years that followed was to establish across the United States, which has sparked public controversies both the political and scientific legitimacy of their enterprise: in over the value, necessity, and management of sexual assault kits. short they worked hard to be recognized as the only legitimate This paper examines the history of the New York City sexual producers of public opinion. In this paper, I will show how assault kit backlog. Drawing on qualitative interviews with rape statistical sampling, even though it was not part of these crisis advocates, law enforcement, and hospital staff, the paper pollsters’ methodology, was nevertheless used, in the 1930s and explores some of the origins of the NYC backlog and the efforts ‘40s, as a rhetorical tool to promote the scientific legitimacy of to clear it in the early 2000’s. The paper discusses the role that this form of polling. First it was used by the scientific pollsters this apparent closure of controversy in NYC has played in to demarcate themselves from (non-scientific) straw polls escalating national controversies about sexual assault kit (boundary-work), and second, to derive symbolic benefits backlogs. Through this history, this paper offers empirical through a sort of “halo-effect” of being associated with the illustration and theoretical insights into how the value and science of statistics (conflation-work). These practices are credibility of forensic technologies can become sources of studied by analyzing the utterances, written (articles in controversy and products of negotiation between medical and newspapers and journals) and verbal (testimonies, interviews) of legal actors. the principal protagonists of scientific polling, but Gallup especially. Scientific Autonomy and Its Limits Dilshani Sarathchandra, University of Idaho 232. Research Design and Quantitative Methods The larger scientific community considers scientific autonomy as Methods an essential component of progress in science. Accordingly, Research-in-progress session scientific progress requires that scientists, research groups, and 1:45 to 3:15 pm scientific organizations be allowed to make decisions pertaining Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Seaview Ballroom C to their work, free from outside interference. However, Session Organizer: restrictions to autonomy abound in science. A rich array of Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno research has focused on external restrictions (e.g., government control) imposed on autonomy, in order to prevent harm to Presider: people, society, to the environment, or to promote social goods. Feng Hao, Washington State University In this paper, I argue that scientists’ day-to-day framing of the Participants: issue itself restricts autonomy through processes of self- Research Design: Processes and Patterns in Medical Sociology regulation that occur within the institutional structure of science. Adetayo OLORUNLANA, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria Jacob Avery, UC Irvine Research process is germane to sociological enterprise. 234. When Millennials are Taken Off-Line: Behavioral, Sociology, as a field of study, includes numerous sub-fields such as sociology of development, political sociology, industrial Emotional, and Interactional Responses--Insights Gained; sociology, criminology, sociology of education, demography, Changes Claimed mathematical sociology, environmental sociology, medical Social Psychology, Identity, and Emotions sociology among others. This work, using research design as its Formal research session central focus addresses such questions as: what strategy? 1:45 to 3:15 pm Following what framework? From whom will the data be Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline B collected? How will the data be collected and analysed in the Session Organizers: field of medical sociology. Each of these sections is important in the overall research process, especially for quantitative study. Kathy J Kuipers, University of Montana Conversely, sociologists with qualitative orientations may not Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA apply all the stated processes but will adequately employ some of Presider: these processes. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to itemize Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA and analyse the peculiar methodological processes that medical Participants: sociologists need or do undertake in order to arrive at empirical findings with research design as the nucleus. Not Without My Smartphone: Technological Determinism and Analyzing the Impact of Networks: Competing Approaches Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) among Clayton D. Peoples, Peoples, University of Nevada, Reno Millennials Daniel Okamura, California State University Los Angeles Social network analysis (SNA) is sometimes viewed as too descriptive in nature (Hanneman and Riddle 2005), yet there are Millennial college students asked to avoid digital technologies ways to do explanatory analysis with SNA. In this presentation, I kept a journal indicating devices and activities “given up” and compare two approaches, both of which go beyond descriptive reporting on substitute activities each hour across twelve analysis and analyze the impact of networks. One approach, consecutive hours. A smartphone was reported as given up most forwarded by McAdam (1986) in his work on Freedom Summer, often during this time frame by a very large majority of keeps individuals as the units and looks at the impact of their participants. One unanticipated outcome of this project, was the close friends on their behavior. The second approach, seen in frequency with which participants found themselves unable to Peoples (2008) and elsewhere, uses dyadic pairs (i and j) as units come up with analog alternatives to their everyday behaviors and examines the impact of ties on collaborative behavior. I will generally mediated by phone. This stands in contrast to the ultimately argue that either approach represents a step forward existence of most—but not all—of these capabilities prior to for SNA; the approach chosen depends greatly on the specific smartphone technology. Even where analogs were enacted, they research question at hand. were often described as qualitatively different and were considered to be disruptions rather than equivalencies. Insight Neighborhood Radius Predictive Equations from Hand-Drawn can be gained by approaching these emotional and behavioral Maps Carlos Siordia, University of Pittsburgh responses to smartphone deprivation through the lens of Researchers interested in developing measures of the technological determinism versus the social construction of environment must commonly define the geographic properties of smartphone use. In looking at participant reports of emotional “neighborhoods”. Investigations frequently use “circular spatial and behavioral responses to digital deprivation, some questions buffers” to measure the environment. This project aids this line can be addressed. What kind of connectivity do Millennials gain of research by providing Neighborhood Radius (NeRa) from their smartphones, and how do they qualitatively experience estimating equations. The project uses digitized hand-drawn such connectivity? Data indicate that the digital is not a direct paper maps and computational geometry (i.e., minimum replacement for the analog and thus, a combined approach is bounding circle) in ArcMap® 10.2. The specific aim is to needed to understand how Millennials appreciate the loss of their develop a set of predictive equations for estimating a study beloved smartphones. subject’s approximate neighborhood radius. The main goal of the Offline as Misaligned: Emotions, Behaviors and Interactions NeRa predictive equations is to allow researchers using datasets when Millennials Lose Mediated Contexts and Role without hand-drawn neighborhood polygons the ability to quantitatively approximate a neighborhood radius for their study Centrality Cristina Bodinger-deUriarte, CSULA subjects. The study uses more than 4,000 observations from Millennials seem to have grown up developing complementary Making Connections (2002-2004)— a cross-sectional community or differential self-concepts, role primacy and interactional initiative study. Seven NeRa equations are presented with the identities in online environments versus directly-inhabited most comprehensive NeRa equation being as follows: NeRa= environments. This distinction, however, has become β_Intercept+β_age+β_sex+β_race+β_education+β_nativity+β_re increasingly blurred and decreasingly salient for Millennials; nter+β_density+β_stability their digital devices redefine and mediate their directly-inhabited environments and online norms incorporate distilled, controlled 233. The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography: Ethnographers on impression management “documentation” of directly-inhabited the Craft of Fieldwork environments. Millennial college students spent twelve hours Ethnography without access to digital technology. Emotional, behavioral and Workshop or demonstration session interactional responses to directly-inhabited environments was 1:45 to 3:15 pm impacted to an unanticipated degree, especially considering the Hyatt Regency: Floor 1st - Shoreline A time period. (1) The strength of the distress expressed in perceived loss of control—as in being: “forced” to experience Session Organizer: silence; “unable” to tune out environmental stimulus; Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University “forbidden” to document multiple aspects of these twelve-hours; Presider: “made” to experience something directly, without digitally Black Hawk Hancock, DePaul University validating it; “forced” to mono-task; “required” to pay more attention to driving, navigation, and strangers. (2) The extreme Discussants: mood swings within a single hour—as in happiness in Victor Rios, University of California, Santa Barbara discovering some formerly unnoticed or undervalued quality in Cid Martinez, University of San Diego the directly-inhabited environment dissolving into anger, Alexandre Frenette, Arizona State University frustration and sadness in losing control over mediating some aspect of that same environment and appreciation for unusual in- 235. Social Structure and the Individual: Emotion & Identity person interactions giving way to craving for digitally-mediated Theory interaction. (3) The intense behavioral reaction and emotive Formal research session response to a growing a sense of “peripheral” rather than 1:45 to 3:15 pm “central” status among friends. A significant subset of Millennials became increasingly demanding and narcissistic as Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom C they tried to cope with the loss of centrality experienced in their Session Organizer: online environments and the loss of control over their directly- Jason Wollschleger, Whitworth University inhabited environments. Presider: Is Unmediated More? When In-Person Interaction is (and is not) Luis Antonio Vila-Henninger, University of Arizona an Analog for Telepresence” Berge Apardian, California Participants: State University Los Angeles Adam Smith and Contemporary Sociological Microtheory “Presence” refers to the experience of one’s own physical Cynthia Evelyn Carr, UC Riverside environment. As the internet developed, communication evolved to include mediated platforms that contribute to ones Adam Smith (1723-1790), considered the father of political “telepresence.” Millennials developed in a social context in economy and the study of economics, is widely reputed to have which people simultaneously exist in two different environments: advocated a rational, utilitarian view of human behavior, one of presence—the physical environment in which the person however in The Theory of Moral Sentiments Adam Smith sounds is located, and one of telepresence—the conceptual or much more like a cross between George Herbert Mead, Candace interactional space accessed through the use of digital devices, Clark, Joseph Berger, and Irving Goffman than he does Friedrich “telespace.” It has been argued that communication in telespace Hayek. This paper teases out the similarities between Smith’s is qualitatively different than communication when present in Sentiments and modern microtheory, particularly in the shared shared physical space. Some differences are not debatable, such concern with how exterior social structure becomes part of the as the ability to “connect” with one another at any time and from individual psyche, and the importance of performance roles and any place and the ability to self-edit and elevate self-monitoring emotions, dealing particularly with the work of Mead, Clark, behaviors in the mediated communication of telespace. This Berger, and Goffman. This is not to say that Adam Smith is presentation draws on the journals of millennial college students responsible for interactionist theory – clearly if Sentiments was without access to digital technology for twelve hours. Journals read it would only have served as a springboard to new revealed clear instances of physical world interactions taking inspiration. If it was not read, then the similarities only make place that would not have occurred if telepresence had remained clear the acuity and modern sensibility of Smith’s observations. unchecked. This presentation addresses the behavioral, Effects of Impression Management among Homeless Young emotional, and reflective responses to the spontaneous increase Adults that use Social Networking Sites Kimberly Anne of presence that developed in lieu of telespace interactions when Trevino, University of Northern Colorado telepresence was temporarily unavailable. In doing so, it I am conducting participant interviews and qualitative analysis of demonstrates that telepresence and physical presence are not Facebook profiles owned by homeless young adults to see if interchangeable analogs. The research also speaks directly to the online impression management positively affects their idea of differential quality in the balance of presence and stigmatized homeless identity. Drawing from warrant theory, telepresence for the quality of communication and interaction this research could contribute valuable insights into how social among family, friends, and strangers. Finally, the implications media use may be useful in building self-esteem, maintain social for community are addressed. ties and minimize identity loss that is attributed to stigmatization. Digital Communities Interrupted: The Phenomenology of Research has shown that homeless youth use technology and still Withdrawal” Grzegorz Hryniszak, California State practice routine of social media usage similarly to their teen University, Los Angeles college counterparts (Guadagno et al., 2012). This work in Millennial-age college students were required to forego the use progress is an attempt to explore how social media impression of digital technology for twelve consecutive hours. During that management capabilities, although limited to internet access, time they were simply asked to record, on an hourly basis, what allows for the homeless individuals to maintain an identity, they had given up that they would normally have done, what they separate from the stigmatized identity. To achieve this, I will did with their time instead, and how they felt. It is important to perform a warrant evaluation of Facebook profiles using the lens note that participants were only asked to report in this very model, which will evaluate the how participants perceive general manner; no specifics were asked. Our data make it clear homeless individuals profiles and whether they can tell homeless that within the short time frame of twelve hours, a significant from non-homeless profiles. I expect that participants reviewing subset of the participants reported cravings and emotional states profiles will not be able to distinguish homeless from non- indicating a compulsive need to use digital technology. Many homeless individual and that homeless Facebook users will specifically described themselves as overly-dependent, as maintain an identity separate from their stigmatized homeless addicted, and as experiencing withdrawal. Whether or not self- identity. reports directly referenced addiction, the emotional and The Barn Kids: How One Group Makes its Mark at the behavioral responses reported were often clear indications of Intersection of Two Communities JJ Christofferson, dependency. This presentation does not address the University of Northern Colorado pharmacological aspect of physical addiction. The focus is on I am conducting participant observation and qualitative behavioral and emotional indicators that corroborate depictions interviews at a skateboarding-based youth group in the West to of dependency on digitally mediated activity and communication. see how cultural creation and diffusion can be achieved in the The data supporting the dependency argument are treated in two context of this group. Drawing from social identity theory, this ways. First, participant reports are considered in view of how research could contribute valuable insights into how adolescents well they align with either depictions of substance dependency navigate their identities within the many groups that comprise (as associated with alcohol or nicotine) or depictions of their social worlds. There is strong motivation for the members behavioral compulsiveness (as associated with gambling). of a small group to conform to the other members of their group, Second, the presentation will construct a typology of self- which is shaped by larger structural forces. At the same time, the proclaimed online “addicts” and examine the socio-psychological small group is seen as a site of cultural creation by “providing validity of this claim. opportunity structures that permit the development of meanings Discussant: and social systems that extend beyond group boundaries” (Fine Gunnar Valgeirsson, California State University, Los Angeles 2012, p. 161). This work in progress is an attempt to explore how the small group, despite its high levels of conformity, allows recognition and justice is one of the many ways in which violent enough differentiation for the creation of culture that is in turn history has been silenced and relegated to obscurity. Because of a adopted outside the group. To achieve this, I am using situational lack of textbooks and course materials on the Khmer Rouge and analysis to see how the multiple discourses surrounding the because of parents’ unwillingness to share their experiences, group allow for identity creation that extends beyond the many American-born children of Cambodian refugees often do boundaries of the group. I expect to find that that the specific not know what happened during the United States bombing of context of this group provides adolescents with lenses to view Cambodia, the reign of the Khmer Rouge, or the aftermath of the different aspects of their identity, and that they incorporate these fall of the Khmer Rouge. Some hear bits and pieces of lenses in the other groups they are a part of in the community. information from parents, but others hear none at all. Even if The Genomic Self and the Biopolitics of Neo-Liberalism present, this communication process is mediated by non-stories, kathryn hausbeck korgan, UNLV; Andrew F. Harper, UNLV off-hand comments, or silences. As identified by Holocaust scholars, this “conspiracy of silence,” which is prominent among Department of Sociology first generation survivors of violent social traumas, acts as a The mapping of the human genome afforded scientists source of transgenerational transmission of trauma. This paper unprecedented insight into the machinations of the human body presentation identifies institutional and personal investments in and reinvigorated debate over the enduring question of nature vs. silences as reasons why children of Cambodian refugees often do nurture. It also marked the beginning of the genomic era in which not know about their family histories. Overall, this paper identity is coded, translated, and manipulated in ways that presentation will also discuss how international and educational impacts our understanding of the body social. This paper policy, mental health illness, and intergenerational conflicts explores the self in the genomic era by examining the ways in perpetuate such conspiracies of silence over the atrocities that which individual identity connects to the Foucaultian biopolitics happened in Cambodia starting from the 1960s. of big data, translational science, and the neoliberal global arena. We document how medical access to our genomic information, Heroic Selection Mechanisms: Measuring an Institutionally as well as popular applied uses of genetic mapping and decoding, Ideal American Soldier James G. Beneda, University of are on the cusp of creating a new code of life and lifestyles, of in- California, Santa Cruz groups and out-groups, indeed, of new subjectivities. These new Working from Iddo Tavory’s theory of moral action, I argue that social categories and the possibilities emerging from the frontier the US Army’s ethics doctrine-its institutionally mandated of genomics promise to unseat old hierarchies, generate new frameworks for ethical decisionmaking and moral behavior— ones, and invite new modes of thought and being. Using a serves as a selection mechanism that separates successful soldiers conceptual framework that mimics DNA’s double helix, we from ordinary citizens. This project relies on automated content weave together examples from the front lines of these new body analysis to trace the diffusion of this ideology of morally politics with a critical theoretical model that situates the genomic appropriate conduct within the US Army institution. A linguistic self in the contested realms of symbolic meaning, profile composed of keywords and phrases and their frequencies subjectification, global biotechnology and neo-liberal markets. and relationships within doctrinal texts is used to identify the baseline elements of the Army’s ethics doctrine, both as it was 236. Author Meets Critic: Julie Shayne, "Taking Risks: Feminist established in the years before the Iraq War and the revisions that Activism and Research in the Americas." (Hardback July have occurred since. I compare this baseline against 2014; paperback Jan 2015) approximately 5,000 master’s theses from the Army’s internal Member and Committee Organized Sessions Masters of Military Science degree programs to trace the Author-meets-critic format development, propagation, and adoption of ethics doctrine across 1:45 to 3:15 pm the institution since the 1990s. The contexts in which these Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom D linguistic patterns appear (in writings on strategy, tactics, or administration, for example) can reveal the institutional and Session Organizer: political circumstances to which doctrinal changes have Mary Yu Danico, Cal Poly Pomona responded. The application of ethics doctrine by Army leaders is Presider: then compared against evidence of its influence on lower ranking Gabriela Fried, Cal State Los Angeles soldiers, collected from interviews with recent Iraq War veterans. Discussants: Ultimately, the project considers the use of ethics doctrine in the Julie Shayne, University of Washington Bothell regulation of individual behavior, the methods and limits of decisionmaking processes, the influence of historical legacies on Molly Talcott, California State University, Los Angeles present practices, the relative power of various political interests, Emily Thuma, University of California, Irvine and the motives of those interests for pursuing institutional Norma Chinchilla, California State University, Long Beach change or continuity. 237. War, Peace and the Military Indirect Health Effects of War: Chronic Illness Daniel Poole, Peace, War, and Military University of Utah Formal research session This study examines the impact of armed conflict on female and 1:45 to 3:15 pm male adult cardiovascular disease mortality. Indirect health Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom E consequences of war have not been given enough attention in social science research. The depletion of resources, access to Session Organizer: health care, and general disruption to every day life during times Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside of armed conflict create excess stress and burdens which increase Presider: deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. I use a variety of data to Augustine Kposowa, University of California, Riverside measure demographic, developmental, and conflict related Participants: outcomes spanning a forty-year period from 1960-2000 in more than one hundred countries. I find that all types of armed conflict A “Conspiracy of Silence”: Institutional and Personal increase cardiovascular disease mortality rates among females Investment in Suppressing the Traumas of Cambodian and males across countries and over time, with the effect being Refugees Yvonne Y Kwan, University of California, Santa greater on females. Cruz The National Security State and the Management of Dissent: It has has taken almost forty years for the United Nations and Reflections on the CIA's Operation Chaos Kara Dellacioppa, Cambodia to identify and try Khmer Rouge leaders for their CSU Dominguez Hills crimes against humanity and genocide. This lack of international This paper will be a work in progress that examines the legacy of the little known, little discussed CIA secret program, MH Chaos, Discussant: a domestic surveillance and operations program that began in Erin Trouth Hofmann, Utah State University 1967 that targeted the Black liberation movement, the new left, the peace movement, and the underground antiwar press. It will examine its relationship to the Watts Rebellion of 1965 and the CIA’s Phoenix program in Vietnam and what lessons might be learned for those engaged in political dissent today. The presentation will be based on an extensive literature review including the government reports such as the Church Committee, Pike Committee and Rockefeller Commission reports from the 1970s. It will also include an analysis of documents declassified from the period gathered from the National Security Archive. 238. Gender, Work & Family Work and Organizations Formal research session 1:45 to 3:15 pm Hyatt Regency: Regency Ballroom F Session Organizer: Christy Glass, Utah State University Presider: Matthew Gougherty, Indiana University Participants: Gender, Occupational Prestige, and Work/Family Conflict Heather McCabe, Portland State University As many Americans move away from the traditional homemaker- breadwinner family model, research on gender and work/family conflict has become increasingly important and the question of gender difference in experiences of work/family conflict continues to be relevant. While there is research that shows women tend to experience significantly greater work/family conflict than men, there are also studies that have shown little or no gender difference. This current study contributes to the debate by examining the impact of gender and occupational prestige on working parents’ perceptions of work/family conflict, measured by survey respondents’ perceptions of work-to-family and family-to-work spillover. Women's Discrimination Perceptions and the Opting-Out Phenomenon Laureen K. O'Brien, University of Arizona; Amanda M. Lubold, Indiana State University, Terre Haute Recent qualitative scholarship has highlighted the importance of negative workplace relationships and structural inequalities in predicting highly-educated mothers’ departures from top managerial and executive jobs, a phenomenon known as “Opting-out.” This research will examines whether perceptions of sex and race discrimination at work affect “opting-out” behavior using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth Young and Mature Women Cohorts (1967-2003), and the National Study of the Changing Workforce (2002-2008). Other health outcomes, such as increased stress and acute medical conditions, are also examined. Early data analyses indicate that perceptions of race and sex discrimination have increased over time, reflect increases in education and occupational status, and increased awareness of discrimination as a barrier to workforce advancement. Latina Department Store Workers and Subjective Occupational Mobility Janette Diaz, UC, Santa Barbara Department stores, especially mid and upper-level department stores, are designed as sites of leisure (Benson 1986). This environment is designed to appeal to customers to encourage consumption. Yet, this environment is also appealing to some workers. Latina women who find themselves relegated to the low-wage sector as a result of their race/ethnicity, gender and class are drawn to this environment. For these Latina workers, work at a mid-level department store provides a sense of occupational mobility as they compare their work at the department store to previous employment experiences. Their sense of mobility, however, is subjective to their marginalized positions in the labor market.