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A Rapid Multi-Residue Method for the Determination of Sulfonamide And

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A Rapid Multi-Residue Method for the Determination of Sulfonamide And A RAPID MULTIRESIDUE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SULFONAMIDE AND ß-LACTAM RESIDUES IN BOVINE MILK Gordon Kearney NOTE Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK Introduction Method Various sulfonamide and ß-lactam antibacterial Three recovery samples at 4 ppb and three at compounds may be used to treat disease in lactating 40 ppb were prepared. Matrix matched external dairy cattle and it is therefore necessary to monitor calibration standards were prepared at 0, 1, 10, 20, milk for the presence of residues of these drugs. In 50 and 100 ppb. Since 1 mL milk is equivalent to the European Union, maximum residue level (MRL) 0.5 mL final extract, a concentration of 1 ppb residue values range from 100 ppb, as a total concentration in milk is equivalent to a concentration of 2 ng/mL in of all sulfonamides, to 4 ppb for each of the penicillin the final extract. compounds amoxillin and ampicillin[1]. In the USA, Extraction the tolerance levels are 10 ppb for both these penicillin compounds, but the use of most sulfonamides 1 mL aliquots of pasteurized, homogenized cows [2] Application is prohibited in cattle used for milk production . milk, containing 4% fat, were transferred to 2 mL polypropylene sample tubes. Recovery samples Multiresidue analyses are increasingly gaining were spiked, agitated and left to equilibrate for acceptance for the determination of residues in 30 minutes. In order to separate the lipid from the foodstuffs; methods have recently been published for aqueous portion, the tubes were centrifuged at the monitoring of over 150 pesticide compounds in 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The aqueous layers were fruit and vegetables[3]. Various classes of pesticide transferred to Oasis® HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) compound may be detected, in a variety of produce columns containing 60 mg of material. The Oasis types, using generic extraction and analytical HLB columns had previously been conditioned with methods. The sample preparation method must be 1 mL methanol and 1 mL water. The polypropylene non-selective in order to obtain acceptable recovery tubes were washed with 2 × 1 mL aliquots of water, for all target residues. This results in a complex sample which were added to the Oasis SPE columns. matrix that has the potential to interfere with the Samples were drawn through under vacuum and the determination of the various analytes. To compensate column was washed with 1 mL water. Analytes were for this, it is necessary to have a selective, but at the eluted in 1 mL methanol. The methanol eluent was same time universal, determination of target residues. evaporated to near dryness at 50 °C under vacuum, Waters® tandem-quadrupole mass spectrometry and the samples reconstituted in enough water to (MS/MS) instruments provide the necessary selectivity give a final volume of 0.5 mL. Calibration standards to give low detection levels in the presence of were spiked at this point. co-extractives, while simultaneously providing universal detection of all analytes[4]. Chromatography Multiresidue MS/MS techniques are increasingly being Chromatographic separation was carried out using a applied to the monitoring of veterinary drug residues Waters Alliance® 2795 HPLC System. in food of animal origin. Most methods published The LC column was a Waters 4.6 mm id by 150 mm to date target a relatively small number of analytes XTerra® RP with 3.5 µ particle size. from a particular class of compounds[5,6]. This work 18 is intended as an initial step in the development of a multi-class, multiresidue method for veterinary drugs. It describes a method for the analysis of 15 sulfonamide compounds, together with a number of penicillins and cephalosporins, in bovine milk. NOTE Mobile phase A 20 mM ammonium formate Results in water, pH adjusted to 3.5 Figure 1 shows the total ion current (TIC) with formic acid chromatogram obtained from the analysis of a 40 Mobile phase B 20 mM ammonium formate ppb recovery standard. All peaks elute between 5.5 in 90% methanol, pH adjusted and 11 minutes. to 3.5 with formic acid Recovery 40 ppb Injection volume 20 uL 100 Figure 1 Flow rate 0.6 mL/min Gradient program is shown in Table 1. % Time/min 0 min 0.5 min 10 min 12 min 12.1 min 16 min 0 Time 100% A 100% A 0% A 0% A 100% A 100% A 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 Table 1. Chromatographic gradient. TIC chromatogram for all analytes. Application Mass Spectrometry Figures 2 to 9 show example chromatograms and The eluent from the LC column was directed into the calibration graphs for amoxicillin, cephapirin, electrospray source of a Waters Micromass® Quattro sulfathiazole and sulfaguanidine. Premier™ tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive ionisation mode. Two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were monitored for each compound. Table 2 gives details of the source cone and collision cell voltages for each transition. Name Retention Cone Parent ion/ Daughter Collision Daughter Collision Time/min Voltage/V m/z ion 1/m/z Voltage 1/V ion 2/ m/z Voltage 2/V Sulfaguanidine 5.71 30 215 156 15 92 26 Sulfanilimide 5.91 10 173 156 7 92 17 Amoxicillin 6.74 18 366 114 20 208 13 Cephapirin 7.40 32 424 292.2 16 152 24 Sulfadiazine 7.53 30 251 156 16 92 26 Sulfathiazole 7.70 28 256 156 15 92 28 Sulfapyridine 7.93 30 250 156 16 92 27 Sulfamerazine 8.12 32 265 156 18 92 28 Sulfameter 8.51 30 281 156 18 92 30 Sulfamethizole 8.55 26 271 156 14 92 28 Cefazolin 8.55 18 455 323 11 156 15 Sulfamethazine 8.66 30 279 186 17 92 30 Sulfamethoxypyradizine 8.76 32 281 156 16 92 30 Cefoperazone 8.78 22 645.9 530 12 143 35 Ampicillin 8.9 25 350 160 12 106 17 Sulfachloropyridazine 9.08 28 285 156 15 92 28 Sulfamethoxyazole 9.12 28 254 156 16 92 26 Sulfamonomethoxine 9.34 32 281 156 18 92 30 Sulfadimethoxine 10.19 40 311 156 20 92 32 Sulfaquinoxaline 10.41 35 301 156 18 92 30 Penicillin G 11.33 45 335 128 27 91 45 Table 2. MRM parameters. NOTE Compound name: Amoxicillin 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F1:MRM of 6 channels,ES+ Correlation coefficient: r = 0.999737, r^2 = 0.999475 Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Fig 2 Amoxicillin 366 > 114 Calibration curve: 55.5075 * x + -11.3969 6.73 7.272e+003 Response type: External Std, Area 100 Curve type: Linear, Origin: Exclude, Weighting: 1/x, Axis trans: None Fig 3 % 5000 0 min e 4000 s n 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F1:MRM of 6 channels,ES+ o Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Amoxicillin 366 > 208 p 3000 6.73 3.527e+003 100 s e R 2000 % 1000 6.18 0 min 0 ppb 5.80 6.00 6.20 6.40 6.60 6.80 7.00 7.20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 2. Chromatograms from the two MRM Figure 3. Calibration graph for amoxicillin. transitions monitored for amoxicillin. 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F2:MRM of 10 channels,ES+ Compound name: Cephapirin Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Cephapirin 424 > 292 Correlation coefficient: r = 0.999643, r^2 = 0.999286 7.39 3.556e+005 Calibration curve: 2710.66 * x + 473.609 100 Response type: External Std, Area Curve type: Linear, Origin: Exclude, Weighting: 1/x, Axis trans: None Application Fig 4 Fig 5 % 0 min e 200000 s 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F2:MRM of 10 channels,ES+ n Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Cephapirin 424 > 152 o 150000 p 7.39 3.252e+005 100 s e R 100000 % 50000 0 min 0 ppb 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 4. Chromatograms from the two MRM Figure 5. Calibration graph for cephapirin. transitions monitored for cephapirin 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F2:MRM of 10 channels,ES+ Compound name: Sulfathiazole Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Sulfathiazole 256 > 92 Correlation coefficient: r = 0.999599, r^2 = 0.999199 7.68 2.631e+006 Calibration curve: 19770.9 * x + 4383.33 100 Fig 6 Response type: External Std, Area Curve type: Linear, Origin: Exclude, Weighting: 1/x, Axis trans: None Fig 7 % 1500000 0 min e s 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F2:MRM of 10 channels,ES+ n 1250000 o Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb 256 > 156 Sulfathiazole p 7.68 3.394e+006 1000000 100 s e R 750000 500000 % 250000 0 min 0 ppb 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 6. Chromatograms from the two MRM Figure 7. Calibration graph for sulfathiazole. transitions monitored for sulfathiazole. NOTE 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F1:MRM of 6 channels,ES+ Compound name: Sulfaguanidine Correlation coefficient: r = 0.999260, r^2 = 0.998520 Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Sulfaguanidine 215 > 92 Calibration curve: 6106.36 * x + 2033.77 5.72 1.034e+006 100 Fig 8 Response type: External Std, Area Curve type: Linear, Origin: Exclude, Weighting: 1/x, Axis trans: None Fig 9 % 600000 500000 0 min e s 400000 10Aug04_04 Smooth(Mn,1x2) F1:MRM of 6 channels,ES+ n Matrix Matched Standard 10 ppb Sulfaguanidine 215 > 156 o p 5.72 1.076e+006 100 s 300000 e R 200000 % 100000 0 min 0 ppb 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 6.00 6.20 6.40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 8.
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