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The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Personalized Medicine for Antibiotics: The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Vivian Garzón 1, Rosa-Helena Bustos 2 and Daniel G. Pinacho 2,* 1 PhD Biosciences Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Therapeutical Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-1-8615555 (ext. 23309) Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: Due to the high bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AB), it has become necessary to adjust the dose aimed at personalized medicine by means of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM is a fundamental tool for measuring the concentration of drugs that have a limited or highly toxic dose in different body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. Using different techniques that allow for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the drug, TDM can reduce the risks inherent in treatment. Among these techniques, nanotechnology focused on biosensors, which are relevant due to their versatility, sensitivity, specificity, and low cost. They provide results in real time, using an element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. This review describes recent advances in the quantification of AB using biosensors with a focus on TDM as a fundamental aspect of personalized medicine. Keywords: biosensors; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), antibiotic; personalized medicine 1. Introduction The discovery of antibiotics (AB) ushered in a new era of progress in controlling bacterial infections in human health, agriculture, and livestock [1] However, the use of AB has been challenged due to the appearance of multi-resistant bacteria (MDR), which have increased significantly in recent years due to AB mismanagement and have become a global public health problem [2]. -
The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics from the 1940S and up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player
The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player Leisner, Jørgen J. Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Leisner, J. J. (2020). The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, [976]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 fmicb-11-00976 June 10, 2020 Time: 21:55 # 1 REVIEW published: 12 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player Jørgen J. Leisner* Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The 1940s and 1950s witnessed a diverse search for not just natural product antibiotics but also for synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. This review revisits this epoch, using the research by a Danish pharmaceutical company, LEO Pharma, as an example. LEO adopted a strategy searching for synthetic antibiotics toward specific bacterial Edited by: Rustam Aminov, pathogens, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to the discovery of a University of Aberdeen, new derivative of a known drug. Work on penicillin during and after WWII lead to the United Kingdom development of associated salts/esters and a search for new natural product antibiotics. -
Medical Review(S) Clinical Review
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 200327 MEDICAL REVIEW(S) CLINICAL REVIEW Application Type NDA Application Number(s) 200327 Priority or Standard Standard Submit Date(s) December 29, 2009 Received Date(s) December 30, 2009 PDUFA Goal Date October 30, 2010 Division / Office Division of Anti-Infective and Ophthalmology Products Office of Antimicrobial Products Reviewer Name(s) Ariel Ramirez Porcalla, MD, MPH Neil Rellosa, MD Review Completion October 29, 2010 Date Established Name Ceftaroline fosamil for injection (Proposed) Trade Name Teflaro Therapeutic Class Cephalosporin; ß-lactams Applicant Cerexa, Inc. Forest Laboratories, Inc. Formulation(s) 400 mg/vial and 600 mg/vial Intravenous Dosing Regimen 600 mg every 12 hours by IV infusion Indication(s) Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI); Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) Intended Population(s) Adults ≥ 18 years of age Template Version: March 6, 2009 Reference ID: 2857265 Clinical Review Ariel Ramirez Porcalla, MD, MPH Neil Rellosa, MD NDA 200327: Teflaro (ceftaroline fosamil) Table of Contents 1 RECOMMENDATIONS/RISK BENEFIT ASSESSMENT ......................................... 9 1.1 Recommendation on Regulatory Action ........................................................... 10 1.2 Risk Benefit Assessment.................................................................................. 10 1.3 Recommendations for Postmarketing Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ........................................................................................................................ -
National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): a Cross-Sectional Study
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study Joseph Sam Kanu 1,2,* , Mohammed Khogali 3, Katrina Hann 4 , Wenjing Tao 5, Shuwary Barlatt 6,7, James Komeh 6, Joy Johnson 6, Mohamed Sesay 6, Mohamed Alex Vandi 8, Hannock Tweya 9, Collins Timire 10, Onome Thomas Abiri 6,11 , Fawzi Thomas 6, Ahmed Sankoh-Hughes 12, Bailah Molleh 4, Anna Maruta 13 and Anthony D. Harries 10,14 1 National Disease Surveillance Programme, Sierra Leone National Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Cockerill, Wilkinson Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone 3 Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 Sustainable Health Systems, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (B.M.) 5 Unit for Antibiotics and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Folkhalsomyndigheten, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 6 Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone, Central Medical Stores, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (O.T.A.); [email protected] (F.T.) Citation: Kanu, J.S.; Khogali, M.; 7 Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hann, K.; Tao, W.; Barlatt, S.; Komeh, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 0000, Sierra Leone 8 J.; Johnson, J.; Sesay, M.; Vandi, M.A.; Directorate of Health Security & Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone National Tweya, H.; et al. -
Novel Antimicrobial Agents Inhibiting Lipid II Incorporation Into Peptidoglycan Essay MBB
27 -7-2019 Novel antimicrobial agents inhibiting lipid II incorporation into peptidoglycan Essay MBB Mark Nijland S3265978 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dirk-Jan Scheffers Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Content Abstract..............................................................................................................................................2 1.0 Peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria ........................................................................................3 2.0 Novel antimicrobial agents ...........................................................................................................4 2.1 Teixobactin ...............................................................................................................................4 2.2 tridecaptin A1............................................................................................................................7 2.3 Malacidins ................................................................................................................................8 2.4 Humimycins ..............................................................................................................................9 2.5 LysM ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.0 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 11 4.0 references ................................................................................................................................. -
Brilacidin First-In-Class Defensin-Mimetic Drug Candidate
Brilacidin First-in-Class Defensin-Mimetic Drug Candidate Mechanism of Action, Pre/Clinical Data and Academic Literature Supporting the Development of Brilacidin as a Potential Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment April 20, 2020 Page # I. Brilacidin: Background Information 2 II. Brilacidin: Two Primary Mechanisms of Action 3 Membrane Disruption 4 Immunomodulatory 7 III. Brilacidin: Several Complementary Ways of Targeting COVID-19 10 Antiviral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity) 11 Immuno/Anti-Inflammatory 13 Antimicrobial 16 IV. Brilacidin: COVID-19 Clinical Development Pathways 18 Drug 18 Vaccine 20 Next Steps 24 V. Brilacidin: Phase 2 Clinical Trial Data in Other Indications 25 VI. AMPs/Defensins (Mimetics): Antiviral Properties 30 VII. AMPs/Defensins (Mimetics): Anti-Coronavirus Potential 33 VIII. The Broader Context: Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic 36 Innovation Pharmaceuticals 301 Edgewater Place, Ste 100 Wakefield, MA 01880 978.921.4125 [email protected] Innovation Pharmaceuticals: Mechanism of Action, Pre/Clinical Data and Academic Literature Supporting the Development of Brilacidin as a Potential Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment (April 20, 2020) Page 1 of 45 I. Brilacidin: Background Information Brilacidin (PMX-30063) is Innovation Pharmaceutical’s lead Host Defense Protein (HDP)/Defensin-Mimetic drug candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Laboratory testing conducted at a U.S.-based Regional Biocontainment Laboratory (RBL) supports Brilacidin’s antiviral activity in directly inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays. Additional pre-clinical and clinical data support Brilacidin’s therapeutic potential to inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-1, TNF- and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., MCP-1), identified as central drivers in the worsening prognoses of COVID-19 patients. -
4. Antibacterial/Steroid Combination Therapy in Infected Eczema
Acta Derm Venereol 2008; Suppl 216: 28–34 4. Antibacterial/steroid combination therapy in infected eczema Anthony C. CHU Infection with Staphylococcus aureus is common in all present, the use of anti-staphylococcal agents with top- forms of eczema. Production of superantigens by S. aureus ical corticosteroids has been shown to produce greater increases skin inflammation in eczema; antibacterial clinical improvement than topical corticosteroids alone treatment is thus pivotal. Poor patient compliance is a (6, 7). These findings are in keeping with the demon- major cause of treatment failure; combination prepara- stration that S. aureus can be isolated from more than tions that contain an antibacterial and a topical steroid 90% of atopic eczema skin lesions (8); in one study, it and that work quickly can improve compliance and thus was isolated from 100% of lesional skin and 79% of treatment outcome. Fusidic acid has advantages over normal skin in patients with atopic eczema (9). other available topical antibacterial agents – neomycin, We observed similar rates of infection in a prospective gentamicin, clioquinol, chlortetracycline, and the anti- audit at the Hammersmith Hospital, in which all new fungal agent miconazole. The clinical efficacy, antibac- patients referred with atopic eczema were evaluated. In terial activity and cosmetic acceptability of fusidic acid/ a 2-month period, 30 patients were referred (22 children corticosteroid combinations are similar to or better than and 8 adults). The reason given by the primary health those of comparator combinations. Fusidic acid/steroid physician for referral in 29 was failure to respond to combinations work quickly with observable improvement prescribed treatment, and one patient was referred be- within the first week. -
Data on Before and After the Traceability System of Veterinary Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Small Animals at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples
animals Article Data on before and after the Traceability System of Veterinary Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Small Animals at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples Claudia Chirollo , Francesca Paola Nocera , Diego Piantedosi, Gerardo Fatone , Giovanni Della Valle, Luisa De Martino * and Laura Cortese Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (F.P.N.); [email protected] (D.P.); [email protected] (G.F.); [email protected] (G.D.V.); [email protected] (L.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-081-253-6180 Simple Summary: Veterinary electronic prescription (VEP) is mandatory by law, dated 20 November 2017, No. 167 (European Law 2017) Article 3, and has been implemented in Italy since April 2019. In this study, the consumption of antimicrobials before and after the mandatory use of VEP was analyzed at the Italian University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples in order to understand how the traceability of antimicrobials influences veterinary prescriptions. The applicability and utility of VEP may present an effective surveillance strategy able to limit both the improper use of Citation: Chirollo, C.; Nocera, F.P.; antimicrobials and the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which have become a worrying Piantedosi, D.; Fatone, G.; Della Valle, threat both in veterinary and human medicine. G.; De Martino, L.; Cortese, L. Data on before and after the Traceability Abstract: Over recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has been considered one of the most relevant System of Veterinary Antimicrobial issues of public health. -
NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. 18. Resistance Among Salmonella Serotypes for Isolates from Cattle*
NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. 18. Resistance Among Salmonella Serotypes for Isolates from Cattle* S. typhimurium (n=332)** S. montevideo (n=330) Amikacin 0.00% Amikacin 0.00% Amox-Clav 14.46% Amox-Clav 0.61% Ampicillin 66.87% Ampicillin 0.61% Apramycin 1.20% Apramycin 0.00% Cefoxitin 10.54% Cefoxitin 0.61% Ceftiofur 12.65% Ceftiofur 0.61% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Cephalothin 13.25% Cephalothin 0.61% Chloramphenicol 39.46% Chloramphenicol 0.91% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Gentamicin 3.31% Gentamicin 0.30% Kanamycin 38.86% Kanamycin 0.00% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Streptomycin 66.57% Streptomycin 1.52% Sulfamethoxazole 66.87% Sulfamethoxazole 1.21% Tetracycline 66.57% Tetracycline 2.12% Trimeth-Sulfa 5.42% Trimeth-Sulfa 0.30% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% **including copenhagen S. anatum (n=292) S. newport (n=185) Amikacin 0.00% Amikacin 0.00% Amox-Clav 1.71% Amox-Clav 80.00% Ampicillin 2.40% Ampicillin 80.54% Apramycin 0.00% Apramycin 0.00% Cefoxitin 1.37% Cefoxitin 77.84% Ceftiofur 1.37% Ceftiofur 80.00% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Ceftriaxone 2.16% Cephalothin 2.05% Cephalothin 77.84% Chloramphenicol 1.71% Chloramphenicol 81.62% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Gentamicin 0.68% Gentamicin 7.57% Kanamycin 1.71% Kanamycin 7.57% Nalidixic Acid 0.34% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Streptomycin 2.05% Streptomycin 82.70% Sulfamethoxazole 2.05% Sulfamethoxazole 74.05% Tetracycline 35.96% Tetracycline 83.24% Trimeth-Sulfa 0.34% Trimeth-Sulfa 25.41% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% *all sources NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. -
First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland
pathogens Article First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland Michał Michalik 1, Maja Kosecka-Strojek 2,* , Mariola Wolska 2, Alfred Samet 1, Adrianna Podbielska-Kubera 1 and Jacek Mi˛edzobrodzki 2 1 MML Medical Centre, Bagno 2, 00-112 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (A.P.-K.) 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (J.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST- 398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance Citation: Michalik, M.; S. aureus Kosecka-Strojek, M.; Wolska, M.; in strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in Samet, A.; Podbielska-Kubera, A.; S. -
Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Soils: Presence, Fate and Environmental Risks
processes Review Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Soils: Presence, Fate and Environmental Risks Manuel Conde-Cid 1, Avelino Núñez-Delgado 2 , María José Fernández-Sanjurjo 2 , Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez 2, David Fernández-Calviño 1,* and Manuel Arias-Estévez 1 1 Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty Sciences, University Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; [email protected] (M.C.-C.); [email protected] (M.A.-E.) 2 Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] (A.N.-D.); [email protected] (M.J.F.-S.); [email protected] (E.Á.-R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used worldwide to treat and prevent infectious diseases, as well as (in countries where allowed) to promote growth and improve feeding efficiency of food-producing animals in livestock activities. Among the different antibiotic classes, tetracyclines and sulfonamides are two of the most used for veterinary proposals. Due to the fact that these compounds are poorly absorbed in the gut of animals, a significant proportion (up to ~90%) of them are excreted unchanged, thus reaching the environment mainly through the application of manures and slurries as fertilizers in agricultural fields. Once in the soil, antibiotics are subjected to a series of physicochemical and biological processes, which depend both on the antibiotic nature and soil characteristics. Adsorption/desorption to soil particles and degradation are the main processes that will affect the persistence, bioavailability, and environmental fate of these pollutants, thus determining their potential impacts and risks on human and ecological health. -
Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. Exp Antibiotic Agent/ 2
Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. exp antibiotic agent/ 2. (Acedapsone or Alamethicin or Amdinocillin or Amdinocillin Pivoxil or Amikacin or Aminosalicylic Acid or Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination or Amphotericin B or Ampicillin or Anisomycin or Antimycin A or Arsphenamine or Aurodox or Azithromycin or Azlocillin or Aztreonam or Bacitracin or Bacteriocins or Bambermycins or beta-Lactams or Bongkrekic Acid or Brefeldin A or Butirosin Sulfate or Calcimycin or Candicidin or Capreomycin or Carbenicillin or Carfecillin or Cefaclor or Cefadroxil or Cefamandole or Cefatrizine or Cefazolin or Cefixime or Cefmenoxime or Cefmetazole or Cefonicid or Cefoperazone or Cefotaxime or Cefotetan or Cefotiam or Cefoxitin or Cefsulodin or Ceftazidime or Ceftizoxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefuroxime or Cephacetrile or Cephalexin or Cephaloglycin or Cephaloridine or Cephalosporins or Cephalothin or Cephamycins or Cephapirin or Cephradine or Chloramphenicol or Chlortetracycline or Ciprofloxacin or Citrinin or Clarithromycin or Clavulanic Acid or Clavulanic Acids or clindamycin or Clofazimine or Cloxacillin or Colistin or Cyclacillin or Cycloserine or Dactinomycin or Dapsone or Daptomycin or Demeclocycline or Diarylquinolines or Dibekacin or Dicloxacillin or Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate or Diketopiperazines or Distamycins or Doxycycline or Echinomycin or Edeine or Enoxacin or Enviomycin or Erythromycin or Erythromycin Estolate or Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate or Ethambutol or Ethionamide or Filipin or Floxacillin or Fluoroquinolones