Brilacidin First-In-Class Defensin-Mimetic Drug Candidate
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National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): a Cross-Sectional Study
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study Joseph Sam Kanu 1,2,* , Mohammed Khogali 3, Katrina Hann 4 , Wenjing Tao 5, Shuwary Barlatt 6,7, James Komeh 6, Joy Johnson 6, Mohamed Sesay 6, Mohamed Alex Vandi 8, Hannock Tweya 9, Collins Timire 10, Onome Thomas Abiri 6,11 , Fawzi Thomas 6, Ahmed Sankoh-Hughes 12, Bailah Molleh 4, Anna Maruta 13 and Anthony D. Harries 10,14 1 National Disease Surveillance Programme, Sierra Leone National Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Cockerill, Wilkinson Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone 3 Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 Sustainable Health Systems, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (K.H.); [email protected] (B.M.) 5 Unit for Antibiotics and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Folkhalsomyndigheten, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 6 Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone, Central Medical Stores, New England Ville, Freetown, Sierra Leone; [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (O.T.A.); [email protected] (F.T.) Citation: Kanu, J.S.; Khogali, M.; 7 Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hann, K.; Tao, W.; Barlatt, S.; Komeh, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 0000, Sierra Leone 8 J.; Johnson, J.; Sesay, M.; Vandi, M.A.; Directorate of Health Security & Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone National Tweya, H.; et al. -
Novel Antimicrobial Agents Inhibiting Lipid II Incorporation Into Peptidoglycan Essay MBB
27 -7-2019 Novel antimicrobial agents inhibiting lipid II incorporation into peptidoglycan Essay MBB Mark Nijland S3265978 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dirk-Jan Scheffers Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Content Abstract..............................................................................................................................................2 1.0 Peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria ........................................................................................3 2.0 Novel antimicrobial agents ...........................................................................................................4 2.1 Teixobactin ...............................................................................................................................4 2.2 tridecaptin A1............................................................................................................................7 2.3 Malacidins ................................................................................................................................8 2.4 Humimycins ..............................................................................................................................9 2.5 LysM ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3.0 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 11 4.0 references ................................................................................................................................. -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2017, 17, 576-589
576 Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2017, 17, 576-589 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN: 1568-0266 eISSN: 1873-5294 Impact Factor: Mimics of Host Defense Proteins; Strategies for Translation to Therapeutic 2.9 The international journal for in-depth reviews on Applications Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry BENTHAM SCIENCE Richard W. Scott*,1 and Gregory N. Tew2 1Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA; 2Polymer Science and Engineering, Veterinary and Animal Science, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, USA Abstract: New infection treatments are urgently needed to combat the rising threat of multi-drug re- sistant bacteria. Despite early clinical set-backs attention has re-focused on host defense proteins (HDPs), as potential sources for new and effective antimicrobial treatments. HDPs appear to act at multiple targets and their repertoire includes disruptive membrane and intracellular activities against numerous types of pathogens as well as immune modulatory functions in the host. Importantly, these novel activities are associated with a low potential for emergence of resistance and little cross- resistance with other antimicrobial agents. Based on these properties, HDPs appear to be ideal candi- A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y dates for new antibiotics; however, their development has been plagued by the many therapeutic limi- tations associated with natural peptidic agents. This review focuses on HDP mimetic approaches Received: May 22, 2015 Revised: October 29, 2015 aimed to improve metabolic stability, pharmacokinetics, safety and manufacturing processes. Early ef- Accepted: November 30, 2015 forts with β-peptide or peptoid analogs focused on recreating stable facially amphiphilic structures but DOI: 10.2174/15680266166661607 demonstrated that antimicrobial activity was modulated by more, complex structural properties. -
Penicillin Allergy Guidance Document
Penicillin Allergy Guidance Document Key Points Background Careful evaluation of antibiotic allergy and prior tolerance history is essential to providing optimal treatment The true incidence of penicillin hypersensitivity amongst patients in the United States is less than 1% Alterations in antibiotic prescribing due to reported penicillin allergy has been shown to result in higher costs, increased risk of antibiotic resistance, and worse patient outcomes Cross-reactivity between truly penicillin allergic patients and later generation cephalosporins and/or carbapenems is rare Evaluation of Penicillin Allergy Obtain a detailed history of allergic reaction Classify the type and severity of the reaction paying particular attention to any IgE-mediated reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, hives, angioedema, etc.) (Table 1) Evaluate prior tolerance of beta-lactam antibiotics utilizing patient interview or the electronic medical record Recommendations for Challenging Penicillin Allergic Patients See Figure 1 Follow-Up Document tolerance or intolerance in the patient’s allergy history Consider referring to allergy clinic for skin testing Created July 2017 by Macey Wolfe, PharmD; John Schoen, PharmD, BCPS; Scott Bergman, PharmD, BCPS; Sara May, MD; and Trevor Van Schooneveld, MD, FACP Disclaimer: This resource is intended for non-commercial educational and quality improvement purposes. Outside entities may utilize for these purposes, but must acknowledge the source. The guidance is intended to assist practitioners in managing a clinical situation but is not mandatory. The interprofessional group of authors have made considerable efforts to ensure the information upon which they are based is accurate and up to date. Any treatments have some inherent risk. Recommendations are meant to improve quality of patient care yet should not replace clinical judgment. -
Antibiotic Resistance: Nosopharm and the University of Illinois at Chicago Describe Mechanism of Action of New Class of Antibiotics in Molecular Cell
Antibiotic resistance: Nosopharm and the University of Illinois at Chicago describe mechanism of action of new class of antibiotics in Molecular Cell Newly discovered antibiotic binds to ribosome and disrupts protein synthesis Lyon, France, and Chicago (IL), United States - April 5 2018 – Nosopharm, a company dedicated to the research and development of new anti-infective drugs, and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) today announce the publication of a study in Molecular Cell on the mechanism of action of odilorhabdins, a new class of antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic, first identified by Nosopharm, is unique and promising on two fronts: its unconventional source and its distinct way of killing bacteria, both of which suggest the compound may be effective at treating drug-resistant or hard to treat bacterial infections. Called odilorhabdins, or ODLs, the antibiotics are produced by symbiotic bacteria found in soil-dwelling nematode worms that colonize insects for food. The bacteria help to kill the insect and, importantly, secrete the antibiotic to keep competing bacteria away. Until now, these nematode-associated bacteria and the antibiotics they make have been largely understudied. The odilorhabdin program was launched by Nosopharm in 2011. To identify the antibiotic, Nosopharm’s researchers team screened eighty cultured strains of the bacteria for antimicrobial activity. They then isolated the active compounds, studied their chemical structures and their structure-activity relationships, investigated their pharmacology and engineered more potent derivatives. The study, published in Molecular Cell1, describes the new antibiotic and, for the first time, how it works. Nosopharm’s Maxime Gualtieri, UIC's Alexander Mankin and Yury Polikanov are corresponding authors on the study and led the research on the antibiotic's mechanism of action. -
Advances in Antibiotic Therapy in the Critically Ill Jean-Louis Vincent1*, Matteo Bassetti2, Bruno François3, George Karam4, Jean Chastre5, Antoni Torres6, Jason A
Vincent et al. Critical Care (2016) 20:133 DOI 10.1186/s13054-016-1285-6 REVIEW Open Access Advances in antibiotic therapy in the critically ill Jean-Louis Vincent1*, Matteo Bassetti2, Bruno François3, George Karam4, Jean Chastre5, Antoni Torres6, Jason A. Roberts7, Fabio S. Taccone1, Jordi Rello8, Thierry Calandra9, Daniel De Backer10, Tobias Welte11 and Massimo Antonelli12 In this review, we briefly highlight the importance of Abstract early infection diagnosis before discussing some of the Infections occur frequently in critically ill patients and key issues related to antibiotic management, including their management can be challenging for various problems associated with timing, duration, and dosing. reasons, including delayed diagnosis, difficulties We also briefly consider ventilator-associated pneumonia identifying causative microorganisms, and the high (VAP), the use of inhaled antibiotics, and new antibiotic prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains. In this and adjunct strategies for the future. We focus on bacter- review, we briefly discuss the importance of early ial infections and issues associated with multi-drug resist- infection diagnosis, before considering in more detail ance will not be covered. some of the key issues related to antibiotic management in these patients, including controversies surrounding use of combination or monotherapy, duration of therapy, Diagnosis and de-escalation. Antibiotic pharmacodynamics and The diagnosis of infection in critically ill patients and pharmacokinetics, notably volumes of distribution and identification of causative microorganisms and their anti- clearance, can be altered by critical illness and can biotic susceptibilities can be a challenge and yet early, influence dosing regimens. Dosing decisions in different appropriate antibiotic therapy is associated with improved subgroups of patients, e.g., the obese, are also covered. -
Polymyxin B* Class: Polymyxins Overview Polymyxin B Is a Polypeptide Bactericidal Antibiotic. the Polymyxins Were Discovered In
Polymyxin B* Class: Polymyxins Overview Polymyxin B is a polypeptide bactericidal antibiotic. The polymyxins were discovered in 1947 and introduced to the medical community in the 1950s. Colistin, also called polymyxin E and its parenteral form, colistimethate, are related polymyxins. Polymyxins can be administered orally, topically or parenterally, including intrathecally and intraperitoneally. However parenteral administration is primarily used in life threatening infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli or Pseudomonas species that are resistant to other drugs. Polymyxins exert their effect on the bacterial cell membrane by affecting phospholipids and interfering with membrane function and permeability, which results in cell death. Polymyxins are more effective against Gram-negative than Gram- positive bacteria and are effective against all Gram-negative bacteria except Proteus species. These antibiotics act synergistically with potentiated sulfonamides, tetracyclines and certain other antimicrobials. Polymyxins also limit activity of endotoxins in body fluids and therefore, may be beneficial in therapy for endotoxemia. Polymyxins are not well absorbed into the blood after either oral or topical administration. Polymyxins bind to cell membranes, purulent exudates and tissue debris. The drugs are eliminated from the kidneys with approximately sixty percent of polymyxin B and ninety percent of colistin excreted unchanged. Polymyxins are considered nephrotoxic and neurotoxic and neuromuscular blockade is seen at higher concentrations. In reality, the potential for nephrotoxicity is minimal when the drugs are utilized properly, especially colistin. Polymyxin B is a potent releaser of histamines and hypersensitivity reactions can occur. Parenteral polymyxins are often characterized by intense pain at the injection site. Divalent cations, unsaturated fatty acids and quaternary ammonium compounds inhibit the activity of polymyxins. -
Anew Drug Design Strategy in the Liht of Molecular Hybridization Concept
www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 “Drug Design strategy and chemical process maximization in the light of Molecular Hybridization Concept.” Subhasis Basu, Ph D Registration No: VB 1198 of 2018-2019. Department Of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University A Draft Thesis is submitted for the partial fulfilment of PhD in Chemistry Thesis/Degree proceeding. DECLARATION I Certify that a. The Work contained in this thesis is original and has been done by me under the guidance of my supervisor. b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma. c. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the thesis. d. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the Institute. e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures and text) from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and giving their details in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary. IJCRT2012039 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 284 www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 f. Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources I have put them under quotation marks and given due credit to the sources by citing them and giving required details in the references. (Subhasis Basu) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This preface is to extend an appreciation to all those individuals who with their generous co- operation guided us in every aspect to make this design and drawing successful. -
Third ESVAC Report
Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 EU/EEA countries in 2011 Third ESVAC report An agency of the European Union The mission of the European Medicines Agency is to foster scientific excellence in the evaluation and supervision of medicines, for the benefit of public and animal health. Legal role Guiding principles The European Medicines Agency is the European Union • We are strongly committed to public and animal (EU) body responsible for coordinating the existing health. scientific resources put at its disposal by Member States • We make independent recommendations based on for the evaluation, supervision and pharmacovigilance scientific evidence, using state-of-the-art knowledge of medicinal products. and expertise in our field. • We support research and innovation to stimulate the The Agency provides the Member States and the development of better medicines. institutions of the EU the best-possible scientific advice on any question relating to the evaluation of the quality, • We value the contribution of our partners and stake- safety and efficacy of medicinal products for human or holders to our work. veterinary use referred to it in accordance with the • We assure continual improvement of our processes provisions of EU legislation relating to medicinal prod- and procedures, in accordance with recognised quality ucts. standards. • We adhere to high standards of professional and Principal activities personal integrity. Working with the Member States and the European • We communicate in an open, transparent manner Commission as partners in a European medicines with all of our partners, stakeholders and colleagues. network, the European Medicines Agency: • We promote the well-being, motivation and ongoing professional development of every member of the • provides independent, science-based recommenda- Agency. -
Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs: a CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross- Contamination
Guidance for Industry Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs: A CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross- Contamination U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) April 2013 Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) Guidance for Industry Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs: A CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross- Contamination Additional copies are available from: Office of Communications Division of Drug Information, WO51, Room 2201 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 Phone: 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-847-8714 [email protected] http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) April 2013 Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) Contains Nonbinding Recommendations TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................2 III. RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................................................7 i Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Guidance for Industry1 Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam Drugs: A CGMP Framework for Preventing Cross-Contamination This guidance -
A Practical Guide to the Use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification and Defined Daily Dose System Methodology in Canada
Hutchinson.qxd 2/6/04 3:43 PM Page 29 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE SPECIAL ARTICLE provided by Memorial University Research Repository Measurement of antibiotic consumption: A practical guide to the use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and Defined Daily Dose system methodology in Canada James M Hutchinson MD FRCPC1, David M Patrick MD MHSc FRCPC2, Fawziah Marra PharmD2, Helen Ng BSc2, William R Bowie MD FRCPC2, Laurie Heule BSc(Pharm)3, Mark Muscat MD MSc4, Dominique L Monnet PharmD PhD4 JM Hutchinson, DM Patrick, F Marra, et al. Measurement of Mesure de la consommation d’antibiotiques : antibiotic consumption: A practical guide to the use of the guide pratique concernant l’utilisation du Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and Defined Système de classification anatomique thérapeu- Daily Dose system methodology in Canada. Can J Infect Dis tique chimique et du système de posologie quoti- 2004;15(1):29-35. dienne recommandée au Canada Despite the global public health importance of resistance of micro- Malgré l’importance, en santé publique, de la résistance des micro- organisms to the effects of antibiotics, and the direct relationship of organismes aux effets des antibiotiques et le lien direct entre la consumption to resistance, little information is available concerning consommation et cette résistance, il existe peu de données sur le degré de levels of consumption in Canadian hospitals and out-patient settings. consommation des antibiotiques dans les hôpitaux et les services de The present paper provides practical advice on the use of administra- consultations externes au Canada. -
Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE THREATS IN THE UNITED STATES 2019 Revised Dec. 2019 This report is dedicated to the 48,700 families who lose a loved one each year to antibiotic resistance or Clostridioides difficile, and the countless healthcare providers, public health experts, innovators, and others who are fighting back with everything they have. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (2019 AR Threats Report) is a publication of the Antibiotic Resistance Coordination and Strategy Unit within the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suggested citation: CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019. Available online: The full 2019 AR Threats Report, including methods and appendices, is available online at www.cdc.gov/DrugResistance/Biggest-Threats.html. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:82532. ii U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contents FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ VII SECTION 1: THE THREAT OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ....................................................................1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................3