Data on Before and After the Traceability System of Veterinary Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Small Animals at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples
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The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics from the 1940S and up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player
The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player Leisner, Jørgen J. Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Leisner, J. J. (2020). The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, [976]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 fmicb-11-00976 June 10, 2020 Time: 21:55 # 1 REVIEW published: 12 June 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976 The Diverse Search for Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Natural Product Antibiotics From the 1940s and Up to 1960 Exemplified by a Small Pharmaceutical Player Jørgen J. Leisner* Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The 1940s and 1950s witnessed a diverse search for not just natural product antibiotics but also for synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. This review revisits this epoch, using the research by a Danish pharmaceutical company, LEO Pharma, as an example. LEO adopted a strategy searching for synthetic antibiotics toward specific bacterial Edited by: Rustam Aminov, pathogens, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to the discovery of a University of Aberdeen, new derivative of a known drug. Work on penicillin during and after WWII lead to the United Kingdom development of associated salts/esters and a search for new natural product antibiotics. -
Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2Nd Edition) Iii
ii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2nd edition) iii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice, 2nd edition Publisher: Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association, Peter Bangs Vej 30, 2000 Frederiksberg Authors of the guidelines: Lisbeth Rem Jessen (University of Copenhagen) Peter Damborg (University of Copenhagen) Anette Spohr (Evidensia Faxe Animal Hospital) Sandra Goericke-Pesch (University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover) Rebecca Langhorn (University of Copenhagen) Geoffrey Houser (University of Copenhagen) Jakob Willesen (University of Copenhagen) Mette Schjærff (University of Copenhagen) Thomas Eriksen (University of Copenhagen) Tina Møller Sørensen (University of Copenhagen) Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen (DTU-VET) Flemming Obling (Greve) Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen) Reproduction of extracts from these guidelines is only permitted in accordance with the agreement between the Ministry of Education and Copy-Dan. Danish copyright law restricts all other use without written permission of the publisher. Exception is granted for short excerpts for review purposes. iv Foreword The first edition of the Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice was published in autumn of 2012. The aim of the guidelines was to prevent increased antibiotic resistance. A questionnaire circulated to Danish veterinarians in 2015 (Jessen et al., DVT 10, 2016) indicated that the guidelines were well received, and particularly that active users had followed the recommendations. Despite a positive reception and the results of this survey, the actual quantity of antibiotics used is probably a better indicator of the effect of the first guidelines. Chapter two of these updated guidelines therefore details the pattern of developments in antibiotic use, as reported in DANMAP 2016 (www.danmap.org). -
(ESVAC) Web-Based Sales and Animal Population
16 July 2019 EMA/210691/2015-Rev.2 Veterinary Medicines Division European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) Sales Data and Animal Population Data Collection Protocol (version 3) Superseded by a new version Superseded Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2021. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of content 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Terms of reference ........................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Approach ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Target groups of the protocol and templates ......................................................................... 4 1.4. Organization of the ESVAC project ...................................................................................... 4 1.5. Web based delivery of data ................................................................................................ 5 2. ESVAC sales data ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1. -
The Prevalence of Genotypes That Determine Resistance to Macrolides
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 111(3): 155-160, March 2016 155 The prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins B compared with spiramycin susceptibility among erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Marek Juda/+, Beata Chudzik-Rzad, Anna Malm Medical University of Lublin, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Lublin, Poland Coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, can be regarded as potential reser- voirs of resistance genes for pathogenic strains, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of different resistance phenotypes to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramins B (MLSB) antibiotics among erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis, together with the evaluation of genes promoting the following differ- ent types of MLSB resistance: ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, mphC, and l i n A /A’. Susceptibility to spiramycin was also examined. Among 75 erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates, the most frequent phenotypes were macrolides and streptogramins B (MSB) and constitutive MLSB (cMLSB). Moreover, all strains with the cMLSB phenotype and the majority of inducible MLSB (iMLSB) isolates were resistant to spiramycin, whereas strains with the MSB phenotype were sensitive to this antibiotic. The D-shape zone of inhibition around the clindamycin disc near the spiramycin disc was found for some spiramycin-resistant strains with the iMLSB phenotype, suggesting an induction of resistance to clindamycin by this 16-membered macrolide. The most frequently isolated gene was ermC, irrespective of the MLSB resistance phenotype, whereas the most often noted gene combination was ermC, mphC, l i n A /A’. The results obtained showed that the genes responsible for different mechanisms of MLSB resistance in S. -
Third ESVAC Report
Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 EU/EEA countries in 2011 Third ESVAC report An agency of the European Union The mission of the European Medicines Agency is to foster scientific excellence in the evaluation and supervision of medicines, for the benefit of public and animal health. Legal role Guiding principles The European Medicines Agency is the European Union • We are strongly committed to public and animal (EU) body responsible for coordinating the existing health. scientific resources put at its disposal by Member States • We make independent recommendations based on for the evaluation, supervision and pharmacovigilance scientific evidence, using state-of-the-art knowledge of medicinal products. and expertise in our field. • We support research and innovation to stimulate the The Agency provides the Member States and the development of better medicines. institutions of the EU the best-possible scientific advice on any question relating to the evaluation of the quality, • We value the contribution of our partners and stake- safety and efficacy of medicinal products for human or holders to our work. veterinary use referred to it in accordance with the • We assure continual improvement of our processes provisions of EU legislation relating to medicinal prod- and procedures, in accordance with recognised quality ucts. standards. • We adhere to high standards of professional and Principal activities personal integrity. Working with the Member States and the European • We communicate in an open, transparent manner Commission as partners in a European medicines with all of our partners, stakeholders and colleagues. network, the European Medicines Agency: • We promote the well-being, motivation and ongoing professional development of every member of the • provides independent, science-based recommenda- Agency. -
(3H) Tobramycin Was Synthesized As Described Previously3) and Had a Specific Radioac- Tivity of 5,000 Ci/Mole
VOL. XXXIII NO. 8 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 895 HAVE DEOXYSTREPTAMINE AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS THE SAME BINDING SITE ON BACTERIAL RIBOSOMES ? FRANCOIS LE GOFFIC, MARIE-LOUISE CAPMAU, EREDERIC TANGY and ELIANE CAMINADE C.N.R.S.-C.E.R.C.O.A. 2 a 8, rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France (Received for Publication January 22, 1980) (3H) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity bind- ing site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin. Biochemical experiments have recently demonstrated that those aminoglycoside antibiotics with deoxystreptamine and kanosamine moieties possess two types of binding sites on the bacterial ribo- some.1,2) When the binding experiments were carried out with the ribosomal subunits two types of binding sites were also found on the 50 S subunit whereas only one type of binding site was located on the 30 S particle.3) The question then arises as to whether all aminoglycoside antibiotics possessing a deoxystreptamine moiety glycosidically bound to other aminosugar residues have the same receptor site. The present study tries to answer this important question. Materials and Methods Chemicals: (3H) Tobramycin was synthesized as described previously3) and had a specific radioac- tivity of 5,000 Ci/mole. Putrescine and spermidine were from Sigma. -
Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis an Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Payam Nahid, Sundari R
AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY DOCUMENTS Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Payam Nahid, Sundari R. Mase, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Giovanni Sotgiu, Graham H. Bothamley, Jan L. Brozek, Adithya Cattamanchi, J. Peter Cegielski, Lisa Chen, Charles L. Daley, Tracy L. Dalton, Raquel Duarte, Federica Fregonese, C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr., Faiz Ahmad Khan, Fayez Kheir, Zhiyi Lan, Alfred Lardizabal, Michael Lauzardo, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Lindsay McKenna, Dick Menzies, Carole D. Mitnick, Diana M. Nilsen, Farah Parvez, Charles A. Peloquin, Ann Raftery, H. Simon Schaaf, Neha S. Shah, Jeffrey R. Starke, John W. Wilson, Jonathan M. Wortham, Terence Chorba, and Barbara Seaworth; on behalf of the American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America THIS OFFICIAL CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE WAS APPROVED BY THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY, AND THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY OF AMERICA SEPTEMBER 2019, AND WAS CLEARED BY THE U.S. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION SEPTEMBER 2019 Background: The American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for was judged to be very low, because the data came Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and from observational studies with significant loss to follow-up Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored this new and imbalance in background regimens between comparator practice guideline on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis groups. Good practices in the management of MDR-TB are (DR-TB). The document includes recommendations on the described. On the basis of the evidence review, a clinical strategy treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) as well as tool for building a treatment regimen for MDR-TB is also isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptible TB. -
Effects of Chlortetracycline and Copper Supplementation on Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Feces of Weaned Pigs
EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND COPPER SUPPLEMENTATION ON LEVELS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN THE FECES OF WEANED PIGS by GETAHUN EJETA AGGA DVM, Addis Ababa University, 2003 MSc, Utrecht University, 2008 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2013 Abstract The use of antibiotics in food animals is of major concern as a purported cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human pathogens; as a result, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics such as heavy metals have been proposed. The effect of copper and CTC supplementation in weaned pigs on AMR in the gut microbiota was evaluated. Four treatment groups: control, copper, chlortetracycline (CTC), and copper plus CTC were randomly allocated to 32 pens with five pigs per pen. Fecal samples (n = 576) were collected weekly from three pigs per pen over six weeks and two Escherichia coli isolates per sample were tested phenotypically for antimicrobial and copper susceptibilities and genotypically for the presence of tetracycline (tet), copper (pcoD) and ceftiofur (blaCMY-2) resistance genes. CTC-supplementation significantly increased tetracycline resistance and susceptibility to copper when compared with the control group. Copper supplementation decreased resistance to most of the antibiotics, including cephalosporins, over all treatment periods. However, copper supplementation did not affect minimum inhibitory concentrations of copper or detection of pcoD. While tetA and blaCMY-2 genes were associated with a higher multi-drug resistance (MDR), tetB and pcoD were associated with lower MDR. Supplementations of CTC or copper alone were associated with increased tetB prevalence; however, their combination was paradoxically associated with reduced prevalence. -
Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Alexander A
Alexander A. Vinks · Hartmut Derendorf Johan W. Mouton Editors Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Alexander A. Vinks • Hartmut Derendorf Johan W. Mouton Editors Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Editors Alexander A. Vinks Hartmut Derendorf Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital University of Florida Medical Center and Department of Gainesville College of Pharmacy Pediatrics Gainesville , FL , USA University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati , OH , USA Johan W. Mouton Department of Medical Microbiology Radboudumc, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, The Netherlands ISBN 978-0-387-75612-7 ISBN 978-0-387-75613-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-75613-4 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013953328 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. -
Swedres-Svarm 2005
SVARM Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Preface .............................................................................................4 Summary ..........................................................................................6 Sammanfattning................................................................................7 Use of antimicrobials (SVARM 2005) .................................................8 Resistance in zoonotic bacteria ......................................................13 Salmonella ..........................................................................................................13 Campylobacter ...................................................................................................16 Resistance in indicator bacteria ......................................................18 Escherichia coli ...................................................................................................18 Enterococcus .....................................................................................................22 Resistance in animal pathogens ......................................................32 Pig ......................................................................................................................32 Cattle ..................................................................................................................33 Horse ..................................................................................................................36 Dog -
Guidelines for Atcvet Classification 2012
Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2012 ISSN 1020-9891 ISBN 978-82-8082-479-0 Suggested citation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2012. Oslo, 2012. © Copyright WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo, Norway. Use of all or parts of the material requires reference to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Copying and distribution for commercial purposes is not allowed. Changing or manipulating the material is not allowed. Guidelines for ATCvet classification 14th edition WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Norwegian Institute of Public Health P.O.Box 4404 Nydalen N-0403 Oslo Norway Telephone: +47 21078160 Telefax: +47 21078146 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.whocc.no Previous editions: 1992: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 1st edition1) 1995: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 2nd edition1) 1999: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 3rd edition1) 2002: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 4th edition2) 2003: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 5th edition2) 2004: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 6th edition2) 2005: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 7th edition2) 2006: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 8th edition2) 2007: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 9th edition2) 2008: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 10th edition2) 2009: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 11th edition2) 2010: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 12th edition2) 2011: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 13th edition2) 1) Published by the Nordic Council on Medicines 2) Published by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Preface The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for veterinary medicinal products, ATCvet, has been developed by the Nordic Council on Medicines (NLN) in collaboration with the NLN’s ATCvet working group, consisting of experts from the Nordic countries. -
National Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Infectious Diseases
National Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Infectious Diseases Version 1.0 (2016) NATIONAL CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India CONTENTS Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Syndromic Approach For Empirical Therapy Of Common Infections.......................................................................................................... 9 A. Gastrointestinal & Intra-Abdominal Infections ......................................................................................................................................... 10 B. Central Nervous System Infections ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 C. Cardiovascular Infections .........................................................................................................................................................................