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Putin Dönemi Rusya Iran Arasindaki Askeri Ilişkiler

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Putin Dönemi Rusya Iran Arasindaki Askeri Ilişkiler T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORTADOĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ PUTİN DÖNEMİ RUSYA İRAN ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLER YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hoshimjon MAHMADOV Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. İsmail Numan TELCİ OCAK - 2019 T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORTADOĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ PUTİN DÖNEMİ RUSYA İRAN ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLER YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hoshimjon MAHMADOV Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. İsmail Numan TELCİ OCAK - 2019 TEŞEKKÜR Bu tez çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde, kıymetli zamanını ayırıp bana destek olan danışman hocam Doç. Dr. İsmail Numan TELCİ’ye ve yüksek lisans eğitimimin esnasında tecrübe ve bilimlerinden yararlandığım Ortadoğu Enstitüsü’nün tüm öğretim üyelerine ve burada eğitim almam için vesile olan “Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı’na teşekkür ve minnetlerimi sunarım. Hoshimjon MAHMADOV 14/01/2019 ii İÇİNDEKİLER BEYAN ............................................................................................................................. I TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................... II KISALTMALAR ............................................................................................................ V TABLOLAR LİSTESİ ............................................................................................... VII ÖZET..………………………… ................................................................................ VIII ABSTRACT………...........………… ........................................................................... IX GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BÖLÜM 1: RUS-İRAN SİYASİ İLİŞKİLERİ ............................................................ 5 1.1. RUS DIŞ POLİTİKASI ............................................................................................ 5 1.2. İRAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI ........................................................................................ 10 1.3. RUSYA İRAN ARASINDAKİ DİPLOMATİK İLİŞKİLER ........................................... 14 BÖLÜM 2: RUSYA-İRAN ASKERİ KAPASİTELERİ ........................................... 19 2.1. RUSYA’NIN ASKERİ YAPISI ................................................................................... 19 2.2. RUSYA’NIN SAVUNMA POLİTİKASI ....................................................................... 20 2.3. RUSYA’NIN SİLAH PİYASASINDAKİ YERİ .............................................................. 23 2.4. RUSYA’NIN ASKERİ GÜCÜ .................................................................................... 24 2.5. İRAN’IN ASKERİ YAPISI ......................................................................................... 27 2.6. İRAN’IN SAVUNMA POLİTİKASI ............................................................................. 27 2.7. İRAN’IN ASKERİ GÜCÜ .......................................................................................... 29 BÖLÜM 3: RUSYA-IRAN ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLER ......................... 33 3.1. İKİ ÜLKE ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLERİN GEÇMİŞİ .......................... 33 3.1.1. Rusya-İran Arasındaki Askeri İlişkilerin Başlangıcı .................................... 33 3.1.2. Askeri İlişkinin 1979 İslami Devrimden Sonrası .......................................... 35 3.1.3. 1990’larda Rusya-İran Arasındaki Askeri İlişkiler ....................................... 36 3.2. PUTİN DÖNEMİ RUSYA-İRAN ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLER ........... 39 iii 3.2.1. İkili Askeri İş birliği ve Rusya'dan İran'a Silah Satışı................................... 39 3.2.2. Rusya-İran Askeri İşbirliği Bağlamında İran Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin Modernizasyonu ...................................................................................................... 45 3.2.3. Rusya-İran Askeri İşbirliğinin Yanında İran Askeri ve Savunma Sanayisi .. 47 BÖLÜM 4: RUSYA-İRAN ARASINDAKİ ASKERİ İLİŞKİLERİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ............................................................................................................... 55 4.1. ABD FAKTÖRÜ ..................................................................................................... 55 4.2. İRAN NÜKLEER PROGRAMI.................................................................................... 62 4.3. İSRAİL FAKTÖRÜ ................................................................................................... 70 4.3.1. İsrail-İran Gerginliği ..................................................................................... 70 4.3.2. İsrail-Rusya Yakınlığı ................................................................................... 71 4.3.3. Rusya-İran Askeri İlişkilerinde İsrail Etkisi.................................................. 74 4.4. RUSYA-İRAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE PARADOKSLAR ......................................................... 80 4.4.1. İkili İlişkilerde Stratejik Ortaklığın Eksikliği ............................................... 80 4.4.2. Suriye’deki Rusya ve İran Arasındaki İhtilaflar ........................................... 82 SONUÇ .......................................................................................................................... 85 KAYNAKÇA ................................................................................................................. 89 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................................ 110 iv KISALTMALAR AB : Avrupa Birliği ABD : Amerika Birleşik Devletleri AEB : Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği AİO : Havacılık Endüstrisi Organizasyonu AİPAC : Amerikan İsrail Halkla İlişkiler Komitesi ARMISH : Askeri Misyonu, BDT : Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu BMGK : Birleşmiş Miletler Güvenlik Konseyi BRICS : Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika BMP : Piyade Savaş Aracı BTR : Zırhlı personel taşıyıcı ÇHC : Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti DM : Devrim Muhafızları DİO : Savunma Sanayi Organizasyonu DTÖ : Dünya Ticaret Örgütü GFP : Global Firepower HSS : Hava Savunma Sisteminin İHA : İnsansız Hava Araçları İİC : İran İslam Cumhuriyeti IRAS : İran-Avrasya Çalışmaları Enstitüsü İL : İlyushin Rus Uçağı IŞİD : Irak Şam İslam Devleti KGAÖ : Kolektif Güvenlik Anlaşma Örgütü MAAG : Askeri Yardım Danışma Grubu MİO : Gemi İnşa Endüstrisi Organizasyonu MiG : Mikoyan i Gurevich, Rus Askeri Uçağı NATO : Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü NSYÖA : Nükleer Silahların Yayılmasını Önleme Antlaşması’nı RF : Rusya Federasyonu SK : Silahlı Kuvvetler v Su : Sukhoi Rus Askeri Uçağı SIPRI : Stockholm Uluslararası Barış Araştırmaları Enstitüsü SSCB : Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği ŞİÖ : Şanghay İşbirlik Örgütü Tu : Tupolev Rus Uçağı UAEK : Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Kurumu ZSU : Kundağı Motorlu Uçaksavar vi TABLO LİSTESİ Tablo 1: Rusya Askeri Gücü………………………………...........................................25 Tablo 2: İran Yerli Denizaltıları…………………………….........................................30 Tablo 3: İran füzelerinin karakteristiği……………………...........................................31 Tablo 4: İran Askeri Gücü…………………………………………………………......32 vii SAÜ, Ortadoğu Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Özeti Tezin Başlığı: Putin Dönemi Rusya İran Arasındaki Askeri İlişkiler Tezin Yazarı: Hoshimjon MAHMADOV Danışman: Doç. Dr. İsmail Numan TELCİ Kabul Tarihi: 14 Ocak 2019 Sayfa Sayısı: 9 (ön kısım) + 110 (tez) Anabilim Dalı: Ortadoğu Çalışmaları İran ve Rusya arasında ideolojik farklılıklara, gerek ilişkilerin tarihi gerekse İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşundan bugüne kadar iki ülke arasında ortaya çıkan engellere rağmen son dönemlerde ilişkilerinde dikkat çekici bir yakınlaşma kaydedilmiştir. Vladimir Putin 2000 yılında iktidara geldiğinde, Tahran ile Moskova arasındaki askeri ilişkileri kısıtlayan “Gore-Çernomırdin” anlaşmasını tek taraflı feshederek iki ülke arasındaki askeri ilişkiler yeniden gelişme sürecine girmiştir. Böylece sonraki dönemler için askeri işbirliği bu iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin en önemli alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Nitekim 2000’li yılların sonrasındaki dönemlerde askeri işbirliği konusunda Tahran’ın en büyük silah kaynağı olan Moskova ile aralarında çeşitli silahların tedariki söz konusu olmuştur. İran-Rusya askeri ilişkileri İsrail, ABD gibi devletlerin tedirginliğinin artmasına sebep olan başlıca konulardan olmuştur. Öyle ki Tahran ile Moskova arasındaki askeri ilişkiler 21. yüzyıl uluslararası sisteminin en tartışmalı meseleleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, 2000 yılından sonraki dönemde İran İslam Cumhuriyeti ile Rusya Federasyonu arasındaki askeri ilişkilerini incelemek, tanımlamak ve Moskova ile Tahran arasındaki askeri ilişkilerine etkileyen faktörleri belirtmektir. Bu çerçevede dört bölümden oluşan bu çalışmada ilk bölümde Rusya ve İran’ın dış politikalarını ve ikili arasındaki diplomatik ilişkilerinin seyri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde Rusya ve İran’ın askeri yapısı, savunma politikaları, ulusal savunma güçleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümü ise Moskova ile Tahran arasındaki askeri ilişkilerin tarihsel arka planının bakıldıktan sonra Putin döneminde nasıl olduğu ve bu ilişkilerin hangi alanları kapsadığına değinilmiştir. Moskova ve Tahran askeri ilişkilerini etkileyen ABD, İsrail, İran Nükleer Çalışmaları ve bazı iç dinamikler gibi faktörlerden ise dördüncü bölümde bahsedilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Rusya, İran, Askeri İlişkiler, Etkileyen Faktörler. viii Sau Middle East Institute Abstract of Master Thesis Title of the Thesis: Military Relations
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