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The Gândirea Militară Românească CONTENTS Journal Awards Are Yearly Bestowed EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman Lieutenant General Laurian ANASTASOF Members Academician Dan BERINDEI, PhD Major General Vasile TOADER Major General BEng Teodor INCICAŞ, PhD Brigadier General Corneliu POSTU Air Flotilla General George SPIRIDONESCU Brigadier General BEng Constantin NEGREA, PhD Major General Iulian BERDILĂ Brigadier General BEng Nicolae MARIA-ZAMFIRESCU Brigadier General Dragoş-Dumitru IACOB, PhD Brigadier General Marian BOTEA PUBLISHER Scientific Reviewers THE DEFENCE STAFF Colonel (r.) Prof Petre OTU, PhD Colonel (r.) Prof Ion GIURCĂ, PhD Colonel Prof Daniel GHIBA, PhD Colonel (AF) Senior Lecturer Marius ŞERBESZKI, PhD Captain (N) Senior Lecturer BEng Toma ALECU, PhD Captain (N) Gheorghe-Cristian BOGDAN, PhD Colonel Olivian STĂNICĂ, PhD HIGH ROYAL DECREE NO. 3663 Colonel Vasile MARINEANU, PhD THROUGH WHICH “ROMÂNIA MILITARĂ” Colonel Ştefan STAN Colonel Sorin PARFENE BECOMES THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL Colonel Constantin SPÂNU OF THE GREAT GENERAL STAFF Lieutenant Colonel Senior Lecturer Adrian LESENCIUC, PhD Lieutenant Colonel Senior Lecturer Cătălin POPA, PhD Alexandra SARCINSCHI, PhD Şerban CIOCULESCU, PhD EDITORIAL STAFF Editor-in-Chief Lieutenant Colonel Mircea BARAC [email protected] Deputy Editor-in-Chief Alina PAPOI “Art. I – The official journal named “România [email protected] Militarq” is founded at the Great General Staff, Editors Iulia SINGER starting 1 January 1898, in which all officers within Diana Cristiana LUPU the Armed Forces will find military studies, which DTP interest their training. Adelaida-Mihaela RADU Through the agency of this journal, all oficers, EDITORIAL OFFICE belonging to all branches, who are in active duty, will Bucureşti, str. Izvor, nr. 110, sector 5 Postal code: 050564 be able to publish their personal papers and the ones Tel.: +4021.410.40.40/1001731;1001732 Tel./fax: +4021.319.56.63 E-mail: [email protected] Carol – King of Romania Issued in Bucureşti on 8 December 1897 Printed at Military Technical Publishing Centre C /2019 B 0207 ROMANIAN MILITARY THINKING Journal of Military Science and Security Studies Published by the Defence Staff Founded in 1864 under the name �România Militară� – new series, year XV – ISSN Print: 1841-4451 ISSN Online: 1842-824X Romanian Military Thinking is a scientific journal with acknowledged prestige in the field of �Military Science, Intelligence and Public Order”, in keeping with the evaluation carried out by the National Council for Titles, Diplomas and Certificates (CNATDCU) in 2011 (http://www.cnatdcu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/reviste-militare1.pdf) Romanian Military Thinking Journal is included in the Journal Master List of the INDEX COPERNICUS INTERNATIONAL AND EBSCO�s International Security & Counter-Terrorism Reference Center databases Authors assume full intellectual responsability for the articles submitted to the editorial staff, under Law no. 206 on 27.05.2004 COPYRIGHT: articles may be reproduced free of any charge, on condition that appropriate credit is given by making mention of the number and date of the journal issue. A LEGACY SINCE 1864 The Romanian Armed Forces road to modernity started in 1859, ROMANIAN once the United Principalities General Staff Corps, currently the MILITARY Defence Staff, was established. THINKING Soon after it, in 1864, a group of nine captains, graduates of the first series of the Officer Cadet School in Bucharest, took the initiative to develop a “military science, art and history journal” named “România Militară/Military Romania”. The initiators of the publication – G. Slăniceanu (Captain, Chief of the Engineer Battalion), A. Gramont (Staff Captain), G. Borănescu (Engineer Captain), G. Anghelescu (Staff Captain), A. Anghelescu E. Pencovici (Artillery Captain), E. Arion (Artillery Captain), E. Boteanu (Staff (Staff Captain) Captain), E. Pencovici (Staff Captain) andC. Barozzi (Engineer Captain) –, educated not only in Romania but also abroad, were inspired by the necessity to develop a substantial theoretical activity in the Romanian C. Barozzi E. Boteanu Army too. (Engineer Captain) (Staff Captain) The journal manifesto1, included in the first issue, which appeared on 15 February 1864, contained innovative ideas and approaches that were meant to: �- contribute to the organisation of our military system the Legislative Chamber is about to decide upon soon; - assemble and examine the Country old military institutions that had made for the glory of Romania for several centuries and ensured our existence; - explore, in the absence of any military study, all the aspects related to the Army training, the most solid basis of the armed forces; - get the Romanian Troops well-informed about the military events in the world; G. Anghelescu - join efforts to work concertedly and whole-heartedly to develop and strengthen the edifice that is meant to ensure the future of our (Staff Captain) country�2. “România Militară” was an independent publication, under the aegis G. Borănescu G. Slăniceanu of the War Ministry, and it ceased to appear in 1866 as there were no (Engineer Captain) (Captain, Chief sufficient funds and subscribers. The publication was resumed in 1891, of the Engineer about a quarter of a century later, also as the result of the initiative of a Battalion) group of officers in the Great General Staff who intended to “reproduce the serious studies on the organisation, strategy and art of commanding troops under any circumstances”3. Shortly after it, by the Royal Decree no. 3663 issued on 8 December 1897, “România Militară” became the “Great General Staff official publication”. 1 Din trecutul României Militare cu prilejul aniversării a 75 de ani de la apariția ei în viața armatei. 1864-1939, București, 1939, p. 31. 2 Ibidem, p. 32. 3 România Militară, no. 1, 1981, p. 6. E. Arion A. Anghelescu English version by Diana Cristiana LUPU. (Artillery Captain) (Artillery Captain) No. 1/2019 2 3 The GândIRea mIlITaRă româneasCă CONTENTS Journal Awards are yearly bestowed, by the Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff, EDITORIAL on the most valuable works in the field Corneliu POSTU 8 Romania in NATO: 15/70 Florin STAFI 14 The Pragmatism of War according to Sun Tzu and Kautilya of military science, published in the previous year Marius ªERBESZKI MILITARY Florin IGNAT 30 From SEAD to JOINT-SEAD SCIENCE Bogdan DUMITRESCU 50 Operationalising Cyberspace – From Cyber Security to Operational Success – Nicolae CREŢU The Technological Revolution and the Implications on Military Strategy Cosmin MACSIM 74 Case Study – Military Helicopters Adrian LESENCIUC 104 Romanian Military Thinking following the Great Unification Constantin ROANGHEŞI 114 The Effect of Heuristics and Cognitive Biases in Military Decision-Making OPINIONS Mădălina Virginia Possible Reconfigurations of NATO in the 21st Century – From the Atlantic ANTONESCU 128 to Global Dimension – Non-State Actors and Chemical Weapons Threat Level in Middle East INTERNATIONAL Carol-Teodor PETERFI 154 and North Africa CONNECTIONS Frans OSINGA 178 European Security and the Significance of the F-35 “Brigadier General “Division General PAGES OF MILITARY The Presence of the Great General Headquarters in Bârlad Constantin Hîrjeu“ Ştefan Fălcoianu“ HISTORY Marcel PROCA 190 (November 1916 – March 1917) Award Award “Lieutenant Colonel Mircea Tomescu“ Award “Army Corps General “Marshal Ioan Sichitiu“ Alexandru Averescu“ Award Award No. 1/2019 4 5 CONTENTS will coordinate the Military Sciences Section The Romanian Military Thinking editorial staff within AFASES 2019 Between 31 May and 2 June 2019, “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy organises, under the patronage of the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, the 21st edition of the International Conference “AFASES 2019” – Scientific Research and Education in the Air Force. The papers submitted will be peer-reviewed by the members of an international scientific committee. Based on the result of the review, the team of evaluators will decide which papers will be published in a special issue of the Romanian Military Thinking journal, issue that will be submitted for ISI indexing. For more details on the conference registration and attendance, please visit the webpage of the event: http://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases.html Romania in NATO: 15/70 ROMANIAN MILITARY THINKING ROMANIA IN NATO: 15/70 n the eve of NATO’s 70th anniversary, security-specific literature abounds in articles about the past, present and even the future of Brigadier General Corneliu POSTU O the Alliance. Most authors try to argue and justify their own ideas about the Director of the Defence Staff direction in which the Alliance should be heading, starting from the geopolitical reality of the historical moment to which they refer in their approach. However, the unfolding of events has often surprised the strategic community over the past three decades – the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the identification of terrorism as the main global security challenge, the return of Russia as a revisionist actor in the geopolitical landscape –, therefore, it has become obvious that the approach based on a momentary status quo is not enough to develop a long-term security strategy. Even under these circumstances, over seven decades, NATO has managed to identify the necessary resources and to review its policies in order to permanently evolve, tailor to meet realities and try to anticipate future challenges. Thus, in the first 40 years of existence, the Alliance worked based on the principle of collective defence in the context of a bipolar world, in which
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