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The 2Nd Brigade in the Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895

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The 2Nd Brigade in the Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895 Royal United Services Institution. Journal ISSN: 0035-9289 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rusi19 The 2nd Brigade in the Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895 Major W. G. Hamilton D.S.O. To cite this article: Major W. G. Hamilton D.S.O. (1896) The 2nd Brigade in the Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895, Royal United Services Institution. Journal, 40:224, 1235-1267, DOI: 10.1080/03071849609416277 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849609416277 Published online: 11 Sep 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rusi20 Download by: [University of California, San Diego] Date: 23 June 2016, At: 12:21 [Prefatory Note.-Some excuse seems necessary for presenting IIOW an account of operations which have already become ancient history. The following notes were, however, written, and almost completed for publi- cation, last January, sincc ivhich time the esigencies of Aldershot sql- diering have left but little leisure or inclination for the labour of the pe11.1 THE Chitral Relief Espedition has not lacked histokans. During the operations, the doings of the two forces moving to the relief of Chitral were reported day by day, with more or less accuracy and fulness, by several newspaper correspondents, and more recently the whole series of events have been presented in several works by authors well coinpetent to deal rrith the subject. These writings, however, treating with the question as a whole, and intended for the general pub!ic, of necessity omit many facts and details which possess possibly a purely military interest; but which, though unimportant as nffecting the broader features of the campaign,. may still be considered worthy of record in a technical journal. It is, I think, the record of such details which we miss in the majority of military histories. A general statement of the.broad facts of strategy ahid tactics may serve to train us as generals, but a kuo\vledge of the details, and some insight into the actual working of a brigade or a battalion on service seems more likely to be of use to the majority of officers. With this for my' escuse I have ventured to record the movements and actions of the 2nd Brigade of that force which, under Lieut.-General Sir Robert Lon-, conquered Swat and Jandol, and thus led, in con- siderable measure, to the raising of the siege of Chitral. Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:21 23 June 2016 It will be borne in mind that this account is written solely from the limited point of view of a brigade staff officer, and is purposely re- stricted to a statement of facts known to the ivnter personally, or ascer- tained on the'spot at first hand. All criticism has been witted; first, bccause criticism from one in niy position would be entirely out of place; and, secondly, beciuse any judgment on the action of others formed without the most full and minute knodedge of every detail pf information and circumstance which led to such action (a knowledge un-ler existing conditions practically unobtainable) is, I think, of very little value, The 2nd Infantry Brigade of the Chitnl Relief Force was composed of tno British battalions -the 2nd Battalion King's Own Scottisb s KETCF~ MAP OF OPERATIONS Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:21 23 June 2016 TlIE 2SD 1IKIGAI)E IS TliE CIIITKXf. KELlBF ESPEl>I'L'IOS. 1237 Borderers, and 1st Battalion Gordon Highlandcrs; and of two native battalions-the infantry battalion of the Queen's O\vn Corps of Guides, and the 4th Sikh Infantry, both belonging to the Punjab Frontier Force. No. 2 British Field Hospital, and No. 35 Native Field Hospital were attached to the Brigade. The two British battalions and the field hospitals \yen: stationed and mobilised at Raw1 Pindi. The 4th Sikh Infantry were at Bunnu; the Guides Infantry at Hoti Mardan, their permanent station, only 20 miles from the frontier against which the advance was directed. Colonel H. G. Waterfield, Colonel on the Staff, commanding at Ferozepore, \vas appointed .to the commang of the Brigade with the rank of Brigadier-General. One or more batteries of mountain artillery, one or more coinpallies of Bengal sappers, as circumstances required, and a detachment with two llasim guns from the Devonshire Regiment, tiere attached to the Brigade throughout the time it was actively engaged against the enemy. ' The persotinel of the Brigade was escellent. The British battalions were composed of acclimatised soldiers, in good health and condition. 'lhe majority of the officers, but few of the men, had seen previous service. When it is said that the two native infantry battalions belonged to that distinguished body of practical soldiers, the Punjab Frontier Forcc, it will be understood that no finer troops for the business on hand could have been chosen. Kearly every man wore the frontier medal with one or more clasps, for service on the N.W. Frontier, and a knowledge of every detail of active service across the border was by habit and training thoroughly engrained in all ranks. The nat,ive oxcers, accustomed to esercisc the rcsponsibilitics of sole command on detached duties, secmctl to possess the power of independent initiative and decision in a degree not invariably found among their class in the native infantry. The Britishpoops were armed with the Lee-Metford rifle, -303 bore, rising cordite; the native troops \dh the hfartini - Henry -450 bore, and black Imvder. The two Maxim guns of the detachment of the Devonshire Regiment were -460 bore, of date 1893 and 1893, also firing black powder. One gun, its carriage, and 300 rounds of ammunition were carried by one mule, the carriage neighing 90 bs. only. This wrriage was of the tripod fwm, and was the in<entiori of Captain Peebles, Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:21 23 June 2016 who commanded the detachment. The firer sat on .a small attached seat, and thereby steadied the carriage. Each British battalion had also one Maxim gun attached, that belonging to the K.O.S. Borderers was a 0303 weapon, firing cordite. The gun only reached the battalion three or four days before proceeding on service, and its carriage ivas then quite unsuited for mountain service. A special carriage in the form sf a small iron table mounted on four legs was made from the design of Lieutenant Mctllister, K.O.S. Borderers, by Mr. Buckland, in the Kawul Pindi Railway work- shops, in the very short time available, and proved thoroughly satisfactoq both in a trial on .the range, and ~1~~ervice.In this case the gun was carried by one mule, and. the carriage by another. The Maxim gun of the 1138 'IIIE BSI) RKIGAI)lC IN 'I'HE CIII'l'KiH, kELlEF ES~BUI'I'IOS. Gordon Highlanders \ras -450 bore, weight GO hs., and. fired black powder (Xlark 11.). This gun also only reached the battAion shortly before going on service, and a carriage designed regimentally was made for it in the Rawul Pindi Railway workshops, at the same time, and with the same rapidity as in the case of the K.O.S. Borderers, and also proved satisfactory. This camage weighed 130 bs., and was in the form of a tripod stand, with. ;*seat on the rear leg. The gun and carriage were carried on separate mules. Had it not been for the energy and ingenuity of the regimental authorities, seco'nded by the cordial assistance and con- structive skill of the railway staff, the services of these twd Maxim guns would have knlost to the expedition, as no suitable carriages were to be obtained from the Government arsenals. On the 15th March, - 1895, the order (issued the previous afternooil from Calcutta). was received by general officers commanding concerned to mobilisc the 1st Division of all arms for service. The 26th $larch was named as the first day of the general railway concentration, adon this date, in accordance with, the previously-arranged scheme of mobilisation, the units of the 2nd Brigade stationed at Rawul Pindi, entrained.at that place and arrived at Nowshera on the morning of the 27th March. The staff of the Brigade havipg concentrated at Iia\rul Pindi, had left that station by special train, and reached Xowshera the previous day.. Owing to the great strain on the railway service previous to an? guring the concentration of troops, the troop trains 'nrrived from tivo to, four hours late, but beyond this there \ras no hitch in the arrangements. Having detrained, the troops of the 2nd Brigade marched at once to their allotted camping ground, about t\i.o miles north of the cantonments on. the Hoti- hiardan road, and pitched camp. For the information of those who have not been recently on service or at manmuvres in India, it may be mentioned that the tent equipment used by troops British, and native (escept native cavalry, \rho supply their own camp equipment), is the regulation " general service tent," single fly, weighing 1GO bs. (one mule load). It is supported by two jointed upright poles and a jointed ridge pole, the tent fly coming almost to the,ground at the sides, and the ends being closed by flaps. The ground plan is 16 feet square, and it accommodates sisteen men. It is a ver). portable tent, easily packed and pitched, and makes a compact camp. The regulation space Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:21 23 June 2016 occupied by the tents d British infantry battalion (exclusive of ofkers' tents, transport, etc.) is 122 yards front by S5 yards depth, but for a temporary camp this can be curtailed to .'iO j-ards by 60 yards, still allow- ing practicable irltervals.
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