Economic Problems of Tourism Vol. 1 (17) 2012

UNIVERSITY OF SZCZEC IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL NO. 658 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF TOURISM VOL. 1 (17) SZCZECIN 2012 The articles are printed in accordance with the materials provided by the Authors. Board of editors Urszula Chęcińska, Inga Iwasiów, Danuta Kopycińska, Piotr Niedzielski, Ewa Szuszkiewicz, Dariusz Wysocki Edward Włodarczyk – Chair Aleksander Panasiuk – Chair of the Senat Commision for Periodicals and Publishing Edyta Łongiewska-Wijas – Executive Editor of the Szczecin University Press The complete list of reviewers is on journal’s web page and will be published in the last volume in 2012. Scientific board Ausrine Armaitiene, Klaipeda University, Lithuania Volkan Altinta, Bonn University, Germany Stefan Bosiacki, AWF Poznań Nerine Bresler, University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Barbara Marciszewska, AWFiS Gdynia Aleksander Panasiuk (head), University of Szczecin Andrzej Rapacz, UE Wrocław Maija Rozīte, School of Business Administration Turība, Tourism Department, Latvia Józef Sala, UE Kraków Ralf Scheibe, Universität Greifswald, Germany Muzaffer Uysal, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Bogdan Włodarczyk, Uniwersytet Łódzki Scientific editor Beata Meyer Statistical editor Marcin Hundert Subject editor Marta Sidorkiewicz Proofreading Hanna Naparty Language editor Paul Majewski Cover design Tomasz Mańkowski Picture source: http://vecto2000.com Text design Adam Pawlicz Paper version of the journal is an original version © Copyright by the University of Szczecin, Szczecin 2012 ISSN 1640-6818 ISSN 1644-0501 SZCZECIN UNIVERSITY PRESS Edition I. Publishing sheet size 16,0. Printing sheet size 22,0. Format B5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 TOURISM ENTERPRISES’ OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS NERINE CECILIA BRESLER – Weighing passengers because air fares are not fair ....................................................................................................................... 11 MAŁGORZATA JANUSZEWSKA, ELŻBIETA NAWROCKA – Changes in tourism product offered by a spa resort ..................................................................... 23 ALEKSANDRA GROBELNA, BARBARA MARCISZEWSKA – Service quality in the tricity hotels: managers‟ perspective ............................................................. 37 MARTA SIDORKIEWICZ – Environmental aspects of business hotels‟ offer ........... 47 ANNA TOKARZ-KOCIK – Personnel as one of the sources of risk in hospitality enterprises ........................................................................................................... 57 MIROSLAW ZALECH – The meaning of colour in non-verbal communication and in the shaping of a travel agency image ....................................................... 65 INTERNATIONAL ISSUES OF TOURISM RAYNA DIMITROVA, VYARA KYUROVA – Evaluation of the consumers‟ atti- tudes towards the products of alternative tourism in national park “Rila” .......... 77 DANIEL RUMENOV – Tourism and the museums in north-eastern Bulgaria during economic crisis ........................................................................................ 87 EUGENIA WICKENS, MARIOS SOTERIADES – Challenges of managing and marketing small accommodation units – evidence from a greek destination ...... 99 ABDIMANAT ABDRAZAKOVICH ZHOLDASBEKOV, BIBISARA ABDIMANA- TOVNA ZHOLDASBEKOVA – Modern tendencies of tourism developing in Kazakhstan .......................................................................................................... 109 4 Table of contents ISSUES OF TOURISM SERVICE MARKET WALDEMAR CUDNY, MAGDALENA RATALEWSKA, RAFAŁ ROUBA – The role of the European capital of culture programme in the development of ci- ties and regions ................................................................................................... 119 ANNA GARDZIŃSKA – Coopetition as the basis for the functioning of tourism clusters ................................................................................................................ 133 TOMASZ MAŃKOWSKI – Growth trends of the North American tourism market. Selected aspects .................................................................................................. 147 BARBARA MARCISZEWSKA, KRZYSZTOF MARCISZEWSKI – Arts mana- gement and change in tourism products: A space for a new hotel offer? ............ 159 IZABELA MICHALSKA-DUDEK, RENATA PRZEOREK-SMYKA – Online travel agencies versus travel metasearch engines ......................................................... 171 ALEKSANDER PANASIUK – Current conditions of tourism policy in Poland ......... 183 MILEN PENERLIEV – The city museums in the context of the cultural tourism in Bulgaria .......................................................................................................... 195 ELEINA QIRICI,GJERGJI PAPA – Sustainable tourism development – current situation and perspectives. The case of Albania ................................................. 207 JAN SIKORA, AGNIESZKA WARTECKA-WAŻYŃSKA – Agritourist product and its characteristics ................................................................................................. 219 REGIONAL PROBLEMS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT MIKOŁAJ JALINIK – Agrotourist farms activity in Podlaskie Province: associa- tion Kuryły near Sokółka and “Loś” Wizna ....................................................... 237 BEATA MEYER – Environmental impacts of the development of brand tourist products in the West-Pomeranian Province ........................................................ 251 DAWID MILEWSKI – Public collective transport in service of tourist traffic on the example of the West-Pomeranian Province .................................................. 263 ADAM PAWLICZ – Institutional aspects of tourism promotion. The case of communes in West-Pomeranian Province, Poland ............................................. 277 ANNA PRZYBYLSKA – Attractiveness of investments of Lubuskie Province tricity communes .................................................................................................... 287 Table of contents 5 ROMUALD ZIÓŁKOWSKI – Analysis of tourism development in the Narew Valley .................................................................................................................. 301 PATRYCJA ŻEGLEŃ – An influence of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) on economy development by example on the Podkarpacie Province, Poland ......... 313 MICHAŁ ŻEMŁA – Detecting visitors‟ satisfaction enhancers: A case of Polish winter sport destinations ..................................................................................... 327 INTRODUCTION The increase in importance of tourism in the contemporary world is visible at many levels of socio-economic systems. It strongly underlines its influence on the economy, the quality and style of living as well as the environment. The complexness of tourism and its interdisciplinary character are the reasons for the constant growth of interest in research regarding tourism of various scientific disciplines, especially the economical sciences. It is caused by the rising influence of the tourism sector on the economic development, not only on the local and regional but also on global scale. In a series of the Scientific Journal University of Szczecin: Economic Problems of Tourism the results of research and the scientific achievements in the field of the economical aspects of tourism, gathered by scientists from Polish and foreign scientific centers are presented. The accepted outline of the journal allows publication of papers regarding diverse problems connected with the conditions and consequences of the development of tourism on the economical; these include the operation of tourist enterprises, the market of tourism services, development of a tourism worldwide and the regional problems of tourism development. The issues undertaken in the presented journal of Eco- nomic Problems of Tourism are diverse. However, its main focus are the matters of regional determinants of tourism development and the market of touristic services. With the beginning of 2012 the formula of the publication of the Scientific Journal University of Szczecin: Economic Problems of Tourism changes. It will now be coming out quarterly, not once a year, as it has been until now. TOURISM ENTERPRISES’ OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL NO. 658 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF TOURISM VOL. 1 (17) 2012 NERINE CECILIA BRESLER University of Johannesburg WEIGHING PASSENGERS BECAUSE AIR FARES ARE NOT FAIR Introduction Air transport is a critical driver of the world economy, and in Africa it is one of the solutions to poverty.1 It plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development through its contribution to tourism.2 The internal tourism expenditure (in- bound and domestic) on air passenger services in 2005 in South Africa (SA) was 11.9% of total spent.3 Passenger traffic has grown worldwide at an average yearly rate of 9% since 1960, and it is estimated to grow at a rate between 5% and 7% into the foreseeable future.4 However, the airline industry is in trouble. A market shake out occurs and carriers that are leaving have the highest cost or 1 J. Mitchell, C. Ashley, Tourism and poverty reduction; a case for pro-poor policy development, “African Analyst Quarterly” 2007, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 44–60. C.M. Rogerson, Reviewing Africa in the global tourism economy, “Development Southern Africa” 2007, vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 362–379.

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