Eine Abendfüllende Therapie Für Den Trickfilm

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Eine Abendfüllende Therapie Für Den Trickfilm Eine abendfüllende Therapie für den Trickfilm Was der abendfüllende Animationsfilm zu leisten imstande ist – neue Möglichkeiten der Erzählung am Beispiel von „Waltz with Bashir“ und „Persepolis“ Betreuer: Prof. Frank Gessner Jost Althoff weiterer Gutachter: Konrad Weise Studiengang Animation Hochschule für Film und Matrikel Nummer 4308 Fernsehen „Konrad Wolf“ 2010 Abbildung 1 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ................................................................................................................ 4 These................................................................................................................... 6 Anamnese:....................................................................................................... 6 Therapie........................................................................................................... 7 Diagnose.......................................................................................................... 8 Begriffsklärung ........................................................................................................ 8 Was ist eine Autobiografie?................................................................................. 8 Der Wirklichkeitsbezug im Film........................................................................ 9 Der selbstreflexive Bezug im Film.................................................................. 10 Der abendfüllende Trickfilm ........................................................................... 13 Filmbesprechung................................................................................................... 16 Synopsis PERSEPOLIS................................................................................. 17 Synopsis WALTZ WITH BASHIR................................................................... 18 Gemeinsamkeiten.............................................................................................. 18 Gemeinsamkeiten auf der narrativen Ebene ..................................................... 19 Gemeinsamkeiten auf der formalästhetischen Ebene....................................... 24 Gemeinsamkeiten auf der inhaltlichen-thematischen Ebene............................. 31 Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................ 35 Auswertung der inhaltlich-thematischen Gemeinsamkeiten.............................. 37 Fazit ............................................................................................................... 39 Vorbilder................................................................................................................ 40 Die Invention der autobiografischen Instanz in der visuellen Erzählung ........... 40 Autobiografische Comics................................................................................... 41 Autobiografische Animationsfilme...................................................................... 43 STARKER VERKEHR.................................................................................... 43 BARFUSS DURCH HIROSHIMA................................................................... 45 AMERICAN SPLENDOR ............................................................................... 46 Animierte Lebenserzählungen im Kurzfilmformat.............................................. 47 DRAWN FROM MEMORY............................................................................. 47 HIDDEN /GÖMD ............................................................................................ 48 RYAN ............................................................................................................. 49 NEVER LIKE THE FIRST TIME!.................................................................... 50 SITA SINGS THE BLUES.................................................................................. 51 Kulturkritische Anmerkungen ................................................................................ 52 Autobiografie und Kunst-....................................................................................... 56 Organisierung der Lebenserfahrung in Form der Selbsterzählung ....................... 56 Veränderung der Rahmenbedingungen / Erweiterung der Erzählzone................. 60 Schluss.................................................................................................................. 63 Anhang:................................................................................................................. 66 Ein kurzer Einblick in das Genre des autobiografischen Comics.......................... 66 Literaturliste........................................................................................................... 72 Zeitungen und Magazine ............................................................................... 72 Literatur.......................................................................................................... 73 Filme .............................................................................................................. 77 Hörbücher ...................................................................................................... 78 Netzquellen .................................................................................................... 78 Bildverzeichnis ...................................................................................................... 78 Clipliste der beigelegten DVD ........................................................................ 80 Eidesstattliche Erklärung................................................................................ 81 3 Einleitung Der Gegenstand meiner theoretischen Diplomarbeit ist das Aufkommen der autobiografischen Erzählung im abendfüllenden Animationsfilm. Zu diesem Zwecke möchte ich zwei Filme exemplarisch untersuchen: PERSEPOLIS (2007, Regie und Buch Vincent Paronnaud und Marjane Satrapi) und WALTZ WITH BASHIR (2008, Regie und Buch Ari Folman). Beide Filme arbeiten mit den formalen Mitteln des Animationsfilmes und fanden in diesem Kontext große Beachtung. So schreibt Florian Schwebel in „Der Animationsfilm für Erwachsene“: „Als Film versucht PERSEPOLIS etwas vollständig Neues und erweitert damit die Grenzen des Animationsfilms.“ (Schwebel, 2010, S.114) Und Andreas Kilb schreibt: “Und wie nach jeder großen Idee in der Geschichte des Films sieht das Kino auch nach „Waltz with Bashir“ anders aus als zuvor.“ (FAZ, 6.11.09) Beide Filme weisen auf der inhaltlichen Ebene, gleichermaßen intensiviert und relativiert durch eine autobiografische Erzählform, einen starken Realitätsbezug auf. Das ist ungewöhnlich für den abendfüllenden Animationsfilm. Ich möchte diese Gemeinsamkeiten und die damit verbundenen Implikationen für die Besprechung der beiden Filme auswerten und über sie hinaus in einen intermedialen historischen Kontext stellen, mit dem Ziel sie einer bestimmten Korpusbildung im Sinne Guido Kirstens zuzuordnen: als eine „spezifische ästhetische Form filmischen Erzählens, die sich von anderen Formen sinnvoll abgrenzen und kritisch diskutieren lässt.“ (Kirsten, 2009, S. 211)1 Folgende Fragen sind in meinen Augen damit verbunden: Ob der abendfüllende Animationsfilm für die autobiographische Erzählung am Anfang einer Entwicklung steht, die seiner Form inhärent ist und bisher nur zuwenig Aufmerksamkeit und Anwendung fand? Nutzen also Marjane Satrapi und Ari Folman mit ihren autobiografischen Erzählungen die spezifischen Stärken der Technik und des Formats, oder werden 1Kirsten spricht von Korpusbildung, wenn Filme unter dem Begriff eines Genres zusammengefasst werden können, oder auch einer spezifischen narrativen Form, in seinem Fall dem »Filmischen Realismus«. 4 diese Filme für den abendfüllenden Trickfilm eher eine Ausnahmeerscheinung bleiben? Kann man dem Journalisten Daniel Kothenschule zustimmen, wenn er schreibt: „Erst im vergangenen Jahr hatte der französische Zeichentrickfilm „Persepolis“, die Autobiographie der Exil-Iranerin Marjane Satrapi, an die selten dokumentarische Möglichkeit des Trickfilms erinnert“, und wenig später hinzufügt: „»Waltz with Bashir« führt den Trickfilm (...) zu seiner eigentlichen Bestimmung, der Darstellung von Surrealität, Traumrealität und Imagination“? (FR, 7.11.08) Fokus wird hierbei der autobiografische Aspekt der beiden Filme sein, die ich (nach Kirsten) im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten auf drei Ebenen untersuchen werde: auf der narrativen, der inhaltlich-thematischen und auf der formalästhetischen Ebene, immer im Hinblick darauf, die genannten Filme einem „spezifischen Stil mit eigenem künstlerischem und sozialen Anspruch, bestimmten dominanten Themen und Repräsentationsstechniken, die sich vom Mainstream-, Genre-, Kunst-, Dokumentar- und Experimentalfilm unterscheiden“ (Kirsten, 2009, S. 216-217) zuzuordnen. Ich behaupte, dass der Aspekt des autobiografischen Erzählens kombiniert mit Trickfilmtechnik für den abendfüllenden Film ein Spannungsgefüge darstellt, welches sich zwangsläufig bestimmter Thematiken bedient, bestimmte Stilmittel aneignet und bestimmte Erzählweisen bevorzugt. Die Frage nach der Echtheit und Glaubwürdigkeit von autobiografischem Material, das im Gewand eines Trickfilms daher kommt – Satrapi nennt ihren Film ebenso wie ihre Comicvorlage eine „Autofiction“2, um auf die Begegnung von Faktizität und Fiktion hinzuweisen, Folman dagegen spricht provokativ von „first animated feature-length documentary“ – hat ganz allgemein als Frage nach der Authentizität eines Werkes unterdes in
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