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Chile -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Chile -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia https://www.britannica.com/print/article/111326 Chile History Precolonial period At the time of the Spanish conquest of Chile in the mid-16th century, at least 500,000 Indians inhabited the region. Nearly all of the scattered tribes were related in race and language, but they lacked any central governmental organization. The groups in northern Chile lived by fishing and by farming in the oases. In the 15th century they fell under the influence of expanding civilizations from Peru, first the Chincha and then the Quechua, who formed part of the extensive Inca empire. Those invaders also tried unsuccessfully to conquer central and southern Chile. The Araucanian Indian groups were dispersed throughout southern Chile. These mobile peoples lived in family clusters and small villages. A few engaged in subsistence agriculture, but most thrived from hunting, gathering, fishing, trading, and warring. The Araucanians resisted the Spanish as they had the Incas, but fighting and disease reduced their numbers by two-thirds during the first century after the Europeans arrived. The Spanish conquest of Chile began in 1536–37, when forces under Diego de Almagro, associate and subsequent rival of Francisco Pizarro, invaded the region as far south as the Maule River in search of an “Otro Peru” (“Another Peru”). Finding neither a high civilization nor gold, the Spaniards decided to return immediately to Peru. The discouraging reports brought back by Almagro’s men forestalled further attempts at conquest until 1540–41, when Pizarro, after the death of Almagro, granted Pedro de Valdivia license to conquer and colonize the area. -
Venezuela and Chile: Two Opposite Paths of Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center College of Arts, Sciences & Education 3-2011 Venezuela and Chile: Two Opposite Paths of Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development. Patricio Navia New York University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/whemsac Recommended Citation Navia, Patricio, "Venezuela and Chile: Two Opposite Paths of Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development." (2011). Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center. 23. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/whemsac/23 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western Hemisphere Security Analysis Center by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Venezuela and Chile: Two Opposite Paths of Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development Patricio Navia New York University March 2011 Venezuela and Chile: Two Opposite Paths of Democratic Consolidation and Economic Development Patricio Navia New York University March 2011 The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the US Government, Department of Defense, US Southern Command or Florida International University. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the past 20 years, Chile and Venezuela have followed divergent paths of democratic and economic development. When the Cold War ended, Venezuela was one of the few Latin American countries where democracy had survived the authoritarian wave of the 1960s and 1970s. Heralded in the late 1980s as the most stable democracy and one of the most developed and globalized economies in the region, Venezuela has since experienced deterioration of democratic institutions, political polarization, economic stagnation, and instability. -
150 Years of the Province of Chile (1853-2003)
Vincentiana Volume 48 Number 3 Vol. 48, No. 3 Article 9 5-2004 150 Years of the Province of Chile (1853-2003) David Herrera Henriquez C.M. Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentiana Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Herrera Henriquez, David C.M. (2004) "150 Years of the Province of Chile (1853-2003)," Vincentiana: Vol. 48 : No. 3 , Article 9. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentiana/vol48/iss3/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Journals and Publications at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentiana by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VINCENTIANA 6-2005 - FRANCESE November 24, 2005 − 1ª BOZZA Vincentiana, novembre-décembre 2005 150 Years of the Province of Chile (1853-2003) 1 by David Herrera Henrı´quez,C.M. Province of Chile On 17 November 1853, the Magallanes weighed anchor at the French port of Bordeaux, capital of Aquitaine, at the mouth of the Garonne. Among the ship’s passengers were two Vincentian priests, Felix Claude Vence and Raphael Dominique Sillere, along with Brother Joseph Marie Liegeois. These confreres were traveling with 30 Daughters of Charity, whose white cornettes were whipped about by the wind blowing over the water. Sr. Marie Bricquet was the Visitatrix, and Srs. Stephanie Pirot, Josephine Gavary and Louise Panes were the Sister Servants. -
Urban Ethnicity in Santiago De Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space
Urban Ethnicity in Santiago de Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space vorgelegt von Walter Alejandro Imilan Ojeda Von der Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.-Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Johannes Cramer Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Herrle Berichter: Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Golte Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 18.12.2008 Berlin 2009 D 83 Acknowledgements This work is the result of a long process that I could not have gone through without the support of many people and institutions. Friends and colleagues in Santiago, Europe and Berlin encouraged me in the beginning and throughout the entire process. A complete account would be endless, but I must specifically thank the Programme Alßan, which provided me with financial means through a scholarship (Alßan Scholarship Nº E04D045096CL). I owe special gratitude to Prof. Dr. Peter Herrle at the Habitat-Unit of Technische Universität Berlin, who believed in my research project and supported me in the last five years. I am really thankful also to my second adviser, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Golte at the Lateinamerika-Institut (LAI) of the Freie Universität Berlin, who enthusiastically accepted to support me and to evaluate my work. I also owe thanks to the protagonists of this work, the people who shared their stories with me. I want especially to thank to Ana Millaleo, Paul Paillafil, Manuel Lincovil, Jano Weichafe, Jeannette Cuiquiño, Angelina Huainopan, María Nahuelhuel, Omar Carrera, Marcela Lincovil, Andrés Millaleo, Soledad Tinao, Eugenio Paillalef, Eusebio Huechuñir, Julio Llancavil, Juan Huenuvil, Rosario Huenuvil, Ambrosio Ranimán, Mauricio Ñanco, the members of Wechekeche ñi Trawün, Lelfünche and CONAPAN. -
The Structure of Political Conflict: Kinship Networks and Political Alignments in the Civil Wars of Nineteenth-Century Chile
THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL CONFLICT: KINSHIP NETWORKS AND POLITICAL ALIGNMENTS IN THE CIVIL WARS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHILE Naim Bro This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Sociology St Catharine’s College University of Cambridge July 2019 1 This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL CONFLICT: KINSHIP NETWORKS AND POLITICAL ALIGNMENTS IN THE CIVIL WARS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHILE Naim Bro Abstract Based on a novel database of kinship relations among the political elites of Chile in the nineteenth century, this thesis identifies the impact of family networks on the formation of political factions in the period 1828-1894. The sociological literature theorising the cleavages that divided elites during the initial phases of state formation has focused on three domains: 1) The conflict between an expanding state and the elites; 2) the conflict between different economic elites; and 3) the conflict between cultural and ideological blocs. -
Valparaiso En 1827
ROBERTO HERNANDEZ C. Sub-Director de la Biblioteca Pública Departamental de Valparaíso •'Santiago Severin" VALPARAISO EN 1827 (Con un apéndice sobre la época) Una reseña histórico local, con motivo del Centenario de "EL MERCURIO". 1927 Imprenta VICTORIA, Valparaíso Chacabuco 79. Compañía Sud-Americana de Vapores (Fondada en Valparaíso en 1872.) Mantiene los siguientes servicios regulares de Vap ores: VALPARAISO A NUEVA YORK Con los vapores «Aconcagua» y «Teño» que tocan en Antofagasta, Iquique, Arica, Moliendo, Callao, Pay- ta y Cristóbal. 19 días de Nueva York a Valparaíso. 19 días de Valparaíso a Nueva York. Salidas mensuales de Valparaíso y Nueva York. VALPARAISO A GUAYAQUIL Con escala en todos los puertos intermedios de Chile y Perú. Salidas semanales de Valparaíso y Guayaquil. Valparaíso a Penco, Tomé, Talcahuano, Lota y San Antonio, con salidas semanales de Valparaíso. FLOTA DE LA COMPAÑIA: Teño .... Aconcagua . 7310 » Avsen . 3814 » Huasoo . 3798 » Palena . 2640 » Imperial . ,2729 » Mapocho . ,2653 » Maipo . 2621 » Cachapoal . 2370 » ROBERTO HERNANDEZ C. Sub-Director de la Biblioteca Pública Departamental de Valparaíso •'Santiago Severin". VALPARAISO EN 1827 i I'IL.II IJ •Ü^II-i'JiuiiíIDlli'I1 'l* l¡ri[®7IFIII"ii ,i':i; ; ; p. :i: n 'll.'i1.,: .LMIWI'I'.}!: IMÍMI: -n* IL™BI IH IR:i !'' ';( 'iPlcniBileudailfiiiriii'i i (Con un apéndice sobre la época) Una reseña histórico local, con motivo del Centenario de "EL MERCURIO". 1927 Imprenta VICTORIA. Valparaíso Cbacabuco 79. Del mismo autor: «ALGUNOS ASPECTOS HISTORICOS, POLITICOS Y ADMINISTRATIVOS DE VALPARAISO A CONTAR DESDE LA INDEPENDENCIA». Con 4'0 fotografías de Album. — Valparaíso, Imprenta Victoria, 1924. «LAS OBRAS MARITIMAS DE VALPARAISO Y EL PUERTO DE SAN ANTONIO. -
Del Orden Conservador a La Tardía Apertura Liberal. María Ignacia Orozco Valenzuela Pp
ISSN 0719-5419 REVISTA BÚSQUEDAS POLÍTICAS · Volumen 2 Nº1 (2013) · Universidad Alberto Hurtado Chile en el siglo XIX: Del orden conservador a la tardía apertura liberal. María Ignacia Orozco Valenzuela Pp. 203-210 CHILE EN EL SIGLO XIX: DEL ORDEN CONSERVADOR A LA TARDÍA APERTURA LIBERAL. María Ignacia Orozco Valenzuela * Resumen: En este ensayo analizaremos en primer término el pensamiento conservador en América Latina en el siglo XIX. En segundo lugar, trataremos el pensamiento liberal en la región en el mismo siglo. En tercer lugar, presentaremos algunos casos de América Latina y en cuarto lugar, nos abocaremos al caso de Chile en este periodo. Para finalizar con nuestras conclusiones. Palabras Claves: Historia, Chile, Actores Políticos. * Estudiante de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Revista Búsquedas Políticas Vol. 2 Nº1-2013 | 203 María Ignacia Orozco Valenzuela Introducción Las diferencias más destacadas entre el pensamiento conservador y liberal son las siguientes: los conservadores, propugnaban una economía proteccionista, se basaban en el derecho natural, ellos no buscaban cambios y si se llegaran a realizar serían los mínimos, rechazaban la inmigración extranjera, entre otros. En cambio, los liberales apoyaban una economía de libre mercado, la abolición de la esclavitud, el voto universal donde se discriminaba a los analfabetos, querían una educación laica; etc. En el estudio del caso chileno, partimos señalando la guerra civil de 1829 en la cual dos bandos, conservadores y liberales, se enfrentaron en una guerra de ideología y de caudillos, las tropas conservadoras ganaron y esto marcó el comienzo del gobierno conservador en Chile y la llamada época “portaliana”. -
UNA CORRESPONDENCIA OLVIDADA: Manuel Montt Y Domingo F
AVANCES [UNA CORRESPONDENCIA OLVIDADA: Manuel Montt y Domingo F. Sarmiento 1841 -1879] Sergio Vergara Quiroz Introducción Hace diez años publiqué una recopilación documental que permitió acceder al mundo doméstico según como lo veían e interpretaban sus protagonistas, hasta entonces sin voz registrada, fue también el primer epistolario femenino que se publicaba en Hispanoamérica: Cartas de mujeres en Chile, 1630-1885, Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago, 1987. Hoy regreso a ese tipo de documentación, para recoger una correspondencia olvidada: la que se cruzaron estos hombres públicos, unidos por una amistad y una vocación de servicio que allí aparece con diáfana claridad, así como sus personalidades, la tantas veces esbozada del argentino y la casi desconocida del chileno (1). Las cartas de Montt se encuentran en el Museo Sarmiento, en el arbolado barrio Belgrano, en Buenos Aires. Son documentos manuscritos, de letra pequeña, clara y ordenada, sin enmiendas ni tachaduras y con la firma sencilla de su autor al final. Las de Sarmiento se guardan en el Archivo Central de la Universidad de Chile, son fotocopias del original, por tanto, están desvaídas. Su letra es grande y desordenada, con borrones, cambios y agregados. El epistolario reunido es valioso, contribuye a ello la alta figuración de sus autores; la importancia del contenido, que espontáneamente pasa de temas de Estado a los domésticos y la novedad de su utilización. Por ello, estoy haciendo un libro que reproducirá este material, más un estudio sobre sus autores, del cual este artículo es su primera aproximación. Cuenta además, con el apoyo del Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, DID, de la Universidad de Chile (2). -
Puerto Montt Puerto Montt CHILE
PERU NOTES BOLIVIA BRAZIL © 2009 maps.com Pacific CHILE O cean ARGENTINA PORT EXPLORER Puerto Montt Puerto Montt CHILE GENERAL INFORMATION Puerto Montt is lo- areas and seafront streets of Puerto Montt and leveled the nearby city cated on the north shore of the Reloncavi Sound that of Valdivia. It was the largest earthquake ever recorded by modern in- opens up to the Gulf of Ancud and out to the Pacific struments (9.5). The quake, with a force of 100 billion tons of TNT was Ocean. Set in northern Patagonia, Puerto Montt is so powerful that seismologists were able to record the earth as it liter- the end of the road (and rail) when heading south in ally vibrated like a bell for days afterward. The resulting tsunami raced Chile. To go any further visitors and locals must take 10,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean at over 200 mph slamming a day a ferry or a flight. later into Onagawa, Japan and leaving Hilo, Hawai’i (6,600 miles from Puerto Montt is in the heart of Chile’s stunningly Southern Chile) devastated in its infamous wake. beautiful Lake Region (Los Lagos), the ancestral HISTORY For thousands of years, well before the arrival of the first home of the proud Mapuche people. The town was Europeans, Chile’s long narrow coast was populated by several strong founded on February 12, 1853 by Vicente Perez Ro- tribes. The Mapuche tribe (called Araucanos by the Spaniards) lived sales (a leading Chilean diplomat) together with Ger- in the central and southern area of Chile, while the Quechua tribe and man immigrants from Bavaria who had been invited Aymara people lived in the Highlands and Midlands of northern Chile by the government of Chile to settle the area. -
La Radicalización De La Oposición Política De San Felipe: El Motín De 1850
LA RADICALIZACIÓN DE LA OPOSICIÓN POLÍTICA DE SAN FELIPE: EL MOTÍN DE 1850 Esteban Garcés Dupouy* Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile El presente artículo busca generar una revisión y análisis del proceso de radicalización que vivió la ciudad de San Felipe durante la década de 1840, el cual finalizará con el estallido de un motín en dicha ciudad, cuyas consecuencias no solo afectaran a la clase liberal de la ciudad sino que tendrá efectos en la oposición a nivel nacional. Se busca en este artículo dar cuenta de cómo la tensión política a nivel nacional entre conservadores y liberales se proyectaba a nivel provincial, llegando incluso a materializarse en el desarrollo de una sublevación armada. Palabras Claves: motín, radicalización, oposición, liberalismo, conservadores THE RADICALIZATION OF THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION OF SAN FELIPE: THE MUTINY OF 1850 The present article aims to generate a review and analysis of the process of radicalization that lived the city of San Felipe during the 1840s, which ends with the outbreak of a riot in that city, whose consequences affect not only the liberal class of the city but shall have effects in the opposition at national level. This article seeks to relate how the national political tension between conservatives and liberals was projected at the provincial level, even to materialize in the development of an armed uprising. Keywords: riot, radicalization, opposition, liberalism, conservatives Artículo Recibido: 23 de Septiembre de 2016 Artículo Aprobado: 12 de Noviembre de 2016 * Licenciado en Historia, Universidad Andrés Bello. E-mail: [email protected] Intus-Legere Historia / issn 0718-5456 / Año 2016, Vol. -
American University Chile University American University’S Semester Program in Chile Is Based in the Capital City of Santiago
udp.cl American American University Chile University American University’s semester program in Chile is based in the capital city of Santiago. As the cultural and economic heart of the country, Chile Santiago is both known for its thriving UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES business sector and its vast array of museums, galleries, and festivals. The city serves as a major Latin American travel hub, thus making it easy for students to visit other sites in Chile and Latin America. The program starts with a two week cultural orientation, immediately followed by the academic semester with classes at Universidad Diego Portales and an optional internship. Edificio Aulario UDP udp.cl American American University Chile University American University’s semester program in Chile is based in the capital city of Santiago. As the cultural and economic heart of the country, Chile Santiago is both known for its thriving UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES business sector and its vast array of museums, galleries, and festivals. The city serves as a major Latin American travel hub, thus making it easy for students to visit other sites in Chile and Latin America. The program starts with a two week cultural orientation, immediately followed by the academic semester with classes at Universidad Diego Portales and an optional internship. Edificio Aulario UDP Internship Semester in Chile Through the internship placement, students explore the work - Revolver Santiago Magazine, Chile´s only English language environment in Santiago and experience the work culture in digital magazine. Latin America. The choice is based on student’s professional - Casa de la Paz, a non-profit environment organization at Universidad Diego Portales goals and personal workstyles and range from the high pressure and fast-paced to the grassroots and somewhat laid back. -
Ejercicios Siglo
MINI ENSAYO DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Nº 4 1. Don Miguel Luis Amunátegui nos relata en su libro Los Precursores de la Independencia, que el poder, aún en vísperas de 1810, conservaba el dogma de la soberanía real para América. Sin embargo, los criollos de Chile y el resto de Hispanoamérica, sostuvieron su derecho a organizar Juntas de Gobierno, con motivo del cautiverio de Fernando VII. El (o los) argumento(s) que los criollos esgrimieron fue(ron) que I) El cautiverio del Rey justifica la independencia nacional. II) En ausencia del Rey, las provincias españolas organizaron Juntas, con cierta autonomía. III) América era patrimonio de la nación española. A) Sólo I B) Sólo II C) Sólo I y II D) Sólo II y III E) I, II y III 2. "...el muy Ilustre Señor Presidente, a ejemplo de lo que hizo el Señor Gobernador de Cádiz, depositó toda la autoridad en el pueblo, para que acordase el gobierno más digno de su confianza y para la conservación de estos dominios a su legítimo dueño y desgraciado monarca, el Señor Don Fernando VII. En este solemne acto todos los prelados, jefes y vecinos aclamaron con la mayor efusión de su alegría, que se estableciese una junta presidida del mismo señor Conde de la Conquista en manifestación de gratitud...". Acta del Cabildo Abierto de 1810. Del texto, es posible inferir que I) La Junta de 1810 se establece por imposición del Gobernador de Chile. II) Quien tiene plena autoridad sobre los dominios de América es el Gobernador de Cádiz. III) La Junta que se formó tiene el carácter de fidelidad a Fernando VII.