Comunicar 43: Media Prosumers. Participatory Culture of Audiences and Media Responsability
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© COMUNICAR, 43; XXII MEDIA EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL ISSN: 1134-3478 / DL: H-189-93 / e-ISSN: 1988-3293 Andalusia (Spain), n. 43; vol. XXII 2nd semester, 01 July 2014 INDEXED INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DATABASES LIBRARY CATALOGUES • JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS (JCR) (Thomson Reuters)® • WORLDCAT • SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX / SOCIAL SCISEARCH (Thomson Reuters) • REBIUN/CRUE • SCOPUS® • SUMARIS (CBUC) • ERIH (European Science Foundation) • NEW-JOUR • FRANCIS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de Francia) • ELEKTRONISCHE ZEITSCHRIFTENBIBLIOTHEK (Electronic Journals Library) • SOCIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS (ProQuest-CSA) • THE COLORADO ALLIANCE OF RESEARCH LIBRARIES • COMMUNICATION & MASS MEDIA COMPLETE • INTUTE (University of Manchester) • ERA (Educational Research Abstract) • ELECTRONICS RESOURCES HKU LIBRARIES (Hong Kong University, HKU) • IBZ (Internat. Bibliography of Periodical Literature in the Social Sciences) • BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL (University of Belgrano) • IBR (International Bibliography of Book Reviews in the Social Sciences) BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATABASES • SOCIAL SERVICES ABSTRACTS • DIALNET (Alertas de Literatura Científica Hispana) • ACADEMIC SEARCH COMPLETE (EBSCO) • PSICODOC • MLA (Modern International Bibliography) • REDINED (Ministerio de Educación de Spain) • COMMUNICATION ABSTRACTS (EBSCO) • CEDAL (Instituto Latinoamericano de Comunicación Educativa: ILCE) • EDUCATION INDEX/Abstracts, OmniFile Full Text Megs/Select (Wilson) • OEI (Centro de Recursos de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos) • FUENTE ACADÉMICA PREMIER (EBSCO) • DOCE (Documentos en Educación) • IRESIE (Índice Revistas de Educación Superior e Investigación de México) • ISOC (CINDOC del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) SELECTIVE JOURNAL ARCHIVES • REDALYC (Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina de Ciencias Sociales) • ACADEMIC ONEFILE / INFORME ACADÉMICO (Cengage Gale) • RED IBEROAMERICANA DE REVISTAS COMUNICACIÓN Y CULTURA • EDUCATOR’S REFERENCE COMPLETE / EXPANDED ACADEMIC ASAP • RERCE (Red de Revistas Científicas de Educación JCR/RECYT) JOURNAL RANKING PLATFORMS • REC (Red de Revistas Científicas Españolas de Comunicación) • RESH (Revistas Españolas de Ciencias Sociales del CINDOC/CSIC) • RECYT (Fundación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología) SPECIALIZED WEBSITES • CIRC (Clasificación Integrada de Revistas) (Ec3, IEDCYT, UCIII) • SCREENSITE • IN-RECS (Índice Impacto de Revistas Españolas de Ciencias Sociales) • PORTAL IBEROAMERICANO DE COMUNICACIÓN • DICE (Difusión y Calidad Editorial de Revistas) • ERCE (Evaluación Revistas Científicas Españolas de Ciencias Sociales) • MIAR (Matriz para Evaluación de Revistas) • UNIVERSIA, QUADERNS DIGITALS, PORTAL DE LA COMUNICACIÓN UAB • ANPED (Associação de Pesquisa en Educação de Brasil) • POWER SEARCH PLUS (Cengage Gale) • CARHUS PLUS+ (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya) OPEN ACCESS SEARCHERS • SCIMAGO Journal & Country Rank (Scopus) • DOAJ, SCIENTIFIC COMMONS SELECTIVE DIRECTORIES • GOOGLE SCHOLAR, GOOGLE BOOKS • ULRICH’S PERIODICALS (CSA) • OAISTER, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS • LATINDEX. Catálogo Selectivo • SCIRUS PUBLISHED BY: GRUPO COMUNICAR INTERNATIONAL CO-EDITIONS • www.comunicarjournal.com • www.grupocomunicar.com • ECUADOR: Technical University of Loja • Administration: [email protected] • CHILE: Diego Portales University. Santiago de Chile • Staff: [email protected] • UNITED KINGDOM: University of Chester • Mail box 527. 21080 Huelva (Spain) DISTRIBUTED BY: • COMUNICAR is a member of CEDRO (Spanish Centre for Reprographic Rights). EUROPE & AMERICA: Casalini (Florencia-Italia); Digitalia (New York-USA); ILCE (México DF- • COMUNICAR is a cultural publication published half-yearly, in México y América Central); Centro La Crujía (Buenos Aires-Argentina); January and July. Publiciencias Distribuciones (Pasto-Colombia); E-papers Editora (Brasil); Pátio de Letras (Portugal); Minerva Distribuciones (Coimbra-Portugal) • COMUNICAR journal accepts and promotes institutional exchanges with other scientific magazines. SPAIN: Centro Andaluz del Libro (Andalucía); Almario de Libros (Madrid y centro); © COMUNICAR is a patented trademark registered at the Spanish Grialibros (Galicia); Manuel Cano Distribuciones (Valencia); Publidisa Patents and Trademarks Office, n. 1806709, (Internet); Arce: www.quioscocultural.com (Internet) © Reproduction of any text in COMUNICAR requires authorization from CEDRO. PRINTED BY: Bonanza Impresores. Huelva (Spain) Comunicar© MEDIA EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL EDITOR Dr. J. Ignacio Aguaded XXII, University of Huelva (Spain) 43 GUEST-EDITED SPECIAL ISSUE • Dr. Carmen García-Galera, Rey Juan Carlos University (Madrid) • Dr. Angharad Valdivia, University of Illinois (USA) EDITORIAL BOARD ASSISTANT EDITORS • Dr. Enrique Martínez-Salanova, Grupo Comunicar, Almeria • Dr. Joan Ferrés-i-Prats, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona • Dr. Mª Carmen Fonseca-Mora, University of Huelva • Dr. Agustín García-Matilla, University of Valladolid • Dr. Ángel Hernando-Gómez, University of Huelva • Dr. Miguel de-Aguilera, University of Malaga • Dr. Rafael Repiso, UNIR / EC3, University of Granada • Dr. Manuel Ángel Vázquez-Medel, University of Sevilla • Dr. Mª Amor Pérez-Rodríguez, University of Huelva • Dr. Javier Marzal, Jaume I University, Castellón • Dr. Francisco García-García, Complutense University, Madrid INTERNATIONAL COEDITORS • Dr. Concepción Medrano, University of Pais Vasco • Ecuador: Dr. Diana Rivera, University of Loja (UTPL) • Dr. Manuel Cebrián-de-la-Serna, University of Malaga • United Kingdom: Dr. Mark Gant, University of Chester (UK) • Dr. Ana García-Valcárcel, University of Salamanca • Chile: Mgter. Andrés Scherman, Diego Portales University • Dr. Julio Cabero-Almenara, University of Sevilla • Dr. Manuel Lorenzo, University of Granada ADVISORY BOARD • Dr. Donaciano Bartolomé, Complutense University, Madrid • Dr. Ismar de-Oliveira, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil • Dr. Javier Tejedor-Tejedor, University of Salamanca • Dr. Guillermo Orozco, University of Guadalajara, Mexico • Dr. Gloria Camarero, University Carlos III, Madrid • Dr. Cecilia Von-Feilitzen, Nordicom, Suecia • Dr. Pere Marquès, Autonomous University, Barcelona • Dr. Geniève Jacquinot, University Paris VIII, Paris, France • Dr. Domingo Gallego, UNED, Madrid • Dr. Pier Cesare Rivoltella, Catholic University of Milano, Italia • Dr. Manuel Area, University of La Laguna, Tenerife • Dr. Alberto Parola, MED, University of Torino, Italia • Dr. Elea Giménez-Toledo, CSIC, Madrid • Dr. Teresa Quiroz, University of Lima, Perú • Dr. Ramón Reig, University of Sevilla • Dr. Claudio Avendaño, Diego Portales University, Chile • Dr. Xosé Soengas, University of Santiago • Dr. Mar Fontcuberta, Catholic University, Chile • Dr. J. Manuel Pérez-Tornero, Autonomous University, Barcelona • Dr. Jacques Piette, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada • Dr. Rosa García-Ruiz, University of Cantabria • Dr. Jesús Arroyave, University of North, Colombia • Dr. Juan de Pablos-Pons, University of Sevilla • Dr. Samy Tayie, University of Cairo, Mentor Association, Egipto • Dr. Manuel Fandos-Igado, International University of La Rioja • Dr. Vítor Reia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal • Dr. Juan Antonio García-Galindo, University of Malaga • Dr. Sara Pereira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal • Dr. Begoña Gutiérrez, University of Salamanca • Dr. Armanda Pinto, University of Coimbra, Portugal • Dr. Ramón Pérez-Pérez, University of Oviedo • Dr. Jorge Mora, University of Cuenca, Ecuador • Dr. Carmen Echazarreta, University of Girona • Dr. Patrick Verniers, IHECS, Belgium • Dr. Jesús Valverde, University of Extremadura • Dr. Graça Targino, University UESPI/UFPB, Brazil • Dr. Victoria Tur, University of Alicante • Dr. Tania Esperon, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil • Dr. José María Morillas, University of Huelva • Dr. Vania Quintão, University of Brasilia, Brazil • Dr. Felicísimo Valbuena, Complutense University, Madrid • Dr. Gustavo Hernández, ININCO, Central University, Venezuela BOARD OF MANAGEMENT • Dr. Gerardo Borroto, CUJAE, La Habana, Cuba • Dr. Ciro Novelli, University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina • Dr. Inmaculada Berlanga, International University of La Rioja • Dr. Jorge Cortés-Montalvo, UACH/REDECA, Mexico • Dr. Mar Rodríguez-Rosell, UCAM, Murcia • Dr. Patricia Cortez, Catholic University of Cochabamba, Bolivia • Dr. Vicent Gozálvez, University of Valencia • Dr. Silvia Contín, University of Patagonia, Argentina • Dr. Paloma Contreras, University of Huelva • Dr. Karina P. Valarezo, University Téc. Part. Loja, Ecuador • Mr. Francisco Casado-Mestre, University of Huelva • Dr. Carlos Muñiz, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico • Dr. Isidro Marín-Gutiérrez, University of Huelva /UTPL (Ecuador) • Dr. Evgeny Pashentsev, Lomonosov Moscow University, Rusia • Dr. Jacqueline Sánchez-Carrero, University of Huelva • Dr. Fahriye Altinay, Near East University, Turkey • Ms. Águeda Delgado-Ponce, University of Huelva • Mr. Paolo Celot, EAVI, Bruxelles, Belgium • Dr. Margarita García-Candeira, University of Huelva • Mr. Jordi Torrent, ONU, Alliance of Civilizations, NY, USA • Ms. Kathleen Tyner, University of Texas, Austin, USA • TRANSLATIONS: Mr. Noel Byde • Ms. Marieli Rowe, National Telemedia Council, Madison, USA • DESIGNED BY (Cover): Mr. Enrique Martínez-Salanova • Ms. Yamile Sandoval, University of Santiago, Cali, Colombia • COMMERCIAL MANAGER: Mr. Alejandro Ruiz © ISSN: 1134-3478 • e-ISSN: 1988-3293 4 C O N T E N T S Comunicar, 43, XXII, 2014 XXII, 2014 Media prosumers. Participatory