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Jerusalem Timeline Biblos Foundation® Jerusalem Timeline David unites the Kingdom • David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem • Purchased Temple Mount 950 BCE Solomon’s Reign st The routes to and from Canaan 1 Temple Built • 930 BCE Rehoboam (Solomon’s Period of Canaanite City Excavation of City of David son) split the kingdom into two to the Settlement Period of Israelites sections • Jacob, Moses, Joshua 1000 BCE King David captures the - Kingdom of Israel (North) CANAANITE• PERIOD City ended up in hands of Jebusites ISRAELITE city.PERIOD It’s called the “City of David” - Kingdom of Judea (South) 2000–1200 BCE 1000–586 BCE 1006–930 BCE Drawing of City of David Excavation of City of David The route of Abraham 1 Jerusalem Timeline Destruction of Kingdom From exile of Babylon until of Israel return to Israel • King Hezekiah • Israelites exiled for 70 years prepares • Cyrus, King of Persia allowed for battle with King Hezekiah prays in sackcloth Destruction of them to return Assyria Kingdom of Judea Exile to Babylon • Rebuilt 2nd Temple, completed • King of Assyria (Sennacherib) failed and 1st Temple in 516 BCE to besiege Jerusalem • Jerusalem captured in 586 BCE by • Ezra and Nehemiah (457-424 • Israel, the northern Kingdom, was Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon BCE) helped rebuild the city destroyed in 722 BCE and its • 1st Temple burned and destroyed • Nehemiah, representative of residents (ten tribes) exiled to Assyria • Aristocratic Jews exiled to Babylon Persian city, came to build the wall EARLY PERSIAN PERIOD 722 BCE 586 BCE 537–332 BCE Nehemiah builds the wall Destruction and exile Wall of Nehemiah today 2 Jerusalem Timeline From “War of Hellenistic Inheritance” until “Revolt of Maccabean Revolt Hasmoneans” • Antiochus IV imposed religious sanctions, defiled • 332 BCE Alexander the Great captured Israel from the Temple, cancelled religious ceremonies Persians • Antiochus IV ordered an altar of Zeus built on the • After Alexander’s demise, fight over succession temple site – House of Seleucus • Judaism outlawed – House of Ptolemy – Egypt (Cleopatra) • Hasmoneans revolted, led by Mattathias (Priest and his – House of Judea 5 sons) – During this period Jerusalem flourished, religious • 164 BCE fought fierce battles, captured Temple Mount center once again and purified Temple • Anticochus III (House of Seleucus) resided in Syria, • Hannukkah Commemorates this event • 129 BCE Jerusalem won independence after more captured Jerusalem – 198 CE granted rights to Jews battles, and became an independent capital in Jerusalem (allowed to practice their religion) HELLENISTIC PERIOD 333–164 BCE Alexander the Great 3 Jerusalem Timeline Jerusalem capital of Hasmonean Kingdom Established by Simon Maccabaeus • Hasmonean Dynasty ruled independently Herod the Great – 2nd Temple in Israel from Pompey King Herod’s Rule 140-37 BCE 63 BCE Pompey (head of Roman • Reconstruction of 2nd Temple • Jerusalem Army) captured Jerusalem • Beautiful thriving city, becomes • Hasmonean Kingdom collapses, the seat of the Kingdom regained previous ROMAN PERIOD HASMONEAN PERIOD stature Jerusalem flourishes • Very wealthy 167–63 BCE 64–63 BCE 37 BCE–4 CE Hasmonean Dynasty Map of the Roman Empire Herod the Great – 2nd Temple 4 Jerusalem Timeline The Great Jewish Death of Herod Revolt • Power transferred to Roman • Destruction Procurators (until 66 CE) of Jerusalem Bar Kokhba Revolt • Residence in Caesarea and not • 66-70 CE • Roman Caesar Adrianus decided Jerusalem Titus Western Wall in Jerusalem to transform into Roman city • 30 CE on Passover, Pontius • Jerusalem fell after heavy • After Rebellion put down, name Pilate condemned Jesus fighting of Jerusalem changed to “Aelia • Crucifixion of Jesus • Temple destroyed (except for Capitolina” • Christianity Born Western Wall) LATE ROMAN PERIOD• Jews forbidden to enter city 4 BCE–70 CE 66–70 CE 132–135 CE Map of Capitolina (Jerusalem) Crucifixion of Jesus Destruction of Jerusalem 5 Jerusalem Timeline Persian Emperor Constantine Occupation of Byzantium • 614 CE Byzantines Emperor Constantine • Christianity becomes Jerusalem captured by Persians official religion of Jerusalem • In 15 years Byzantines ousted from 324 CE onward the Persians • Helena (mother of Constantine) builds • Byzantines massacred Jewish Islam Enters Jerusalem monasteries and the Church of the population and forbade Jews • Jerusalem becomes rd BYZANTINE PERIOD Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 335 CE PERSIAN PERIOD Islam’s 3 Holy Place to live in Jerusalem EARLY MOSLEM PERIOD 324–638 CE 614–629 CE 638–1099 CE The Byzantine-Sassanian War Church of the Holy Sepulchre Map of Byzantine Empire 6th Century 6 Jerusalem Timeline Caliph Omar captured Jerusalem from Byzantium Successes of Salah-a-Din • 691 CE Caliph Abdel-Malik completed “Kingdom of • 1187 CE under Salah-a-Din Dome of the Rock Jerusalem” – Churches transformed into • Son Caliph El Waleed built Al Aksa Crusader’s mosques mosque Capital • 1229 CE Crusader and Moslems • 1009 CE Caliph Al-Hakim destroyed • 1099 CE Crusaders take back Jerusalem come to agreement – Moslems synagogues/churches captured keep Temple Mount and • Jerusalem became provincial with no more city of Jerusalem Crusaders rule over rest of city than 30,000 people massacred both Moslems and Jews • Rule lasts 15 years • Arabs rule for 450 years until Crusaders • Flourished, unprecedented building • 1250 CE the Mamelukes in come • Becomes “Kingdom of Jerusalem” control 638 CE 1099–1187 CE 1187–1245 CE Al Aksa mosque Dome of the Rock 7 Jerusalem Timeline British Mandate • 1917 WWI Gen. Allenby (British) entered Jerusalem, Rule of Slaves – Slaves of Turkish capturing city without battle Origin who became rulers Turkish Moslems from Ottoman • Jerusalem grew exponentially under British rule, although • Mamelukes slaves of Turkish decent Dynasty divisions between Arabs and Jews intensified ruled Egypt and surrounding • 1517 CE Ottomon Sultan Selim I Palestinian State countries 1250-1516 CE captured Jeruslaem • Nov. 29, 1947, United Nations Partition Eretz Israel • Jerusalem small and unimportant by • Present-day Old City walks built by (“Palestine”) into a Jewish state and an Arab state this time Suleiman the Great 1538 CE • Jerusalem declared international city • Only 10,000 residents • Still small, neglected city • From the start, Jews emphatically agree, but Arabs do not • During Mameluke’s rule, Islamic • From 19th century onwards, • On May 14, 1948, England handed Jerusalem to United influence flourished as did Jerusalem’s standing changed Nations Jerusalem’s reputation as important (gradually) after Europe became • During 1st half of 1948, Jews were under siege by Arabs holy site (after Mecca, Medina) interested • Jewish Quarter cut off from rest of the city 1250–1516 CE 1516–1917 CE 1917–1948 CE Mamelukes Map of British Mandate and Partition Map of Ottoman Empire General Allenby Ottoman Rulers 8 Biblos Foundation® Jerusalem Timeline Jerusalem, a divided city, reunited Jerusalem, a divided city • 1967 after 6 Day war • Lots of borders (Old City, North and • City of Jerusalem was reunited, South in Jordan, etc.) except for 1st time in 19 years Mt. Scopus • Free access to all religious sites, etc. • Jerusalem becomes the capital • July 30, 1980 Knesset passed • Knesset (Israeli Parliament) moved Jerusalem law to have city always to city remain united • Hebrew University started • Population now 750,000 Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem 1948 CE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1967– 2011 CE UNITED CITY Six Day and Yom Kippur Wars Loss of Palestinian Land Israel and West Bank today 9.
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