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Architectural+Alterna-Ves+For+ Post3frame+Building+Systems+ Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+ Post3Frame+Building+Systems+ Presented(on(November(12,(2014(by:(Harvey(B.(Manbeck,((PhD,(PE( ((Consultant(to(NFBA( ((Professor(Emeritus,(Engineering( ((Penn(State(University( This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off. “The(Wood(Products(Council”(is( This(course(is(registered(with( a(Registered(Provider(with(The( AIA(CES(for(conPnuing( American(InsPtute(of(Architects( professional(educaPon.(As( ConPnuing(EducaPon(Systems( such,(it(does(not(include( (AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.( content(that(may(be(deemed( or(construed(to(be(an( ( approval(or(endorsement(by( ! the(AIA(of(any(material(of( Credit(s)(earned(on(complePon( construcPon(or(any(method(or( of(this(course(will(be(reported(to( manner(of( AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.( handling,(using,(distribuPng,( CerPficates(of(ComplePon(for( or(dealing(in(any(material(or( both(AIA(members(and(nonZAIA( product.( members(are(available(upon( __________________________________ request.( _________ ( QuesPons(related(to(specific(materials,( methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed( ( at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentaPon.( ( ( Course(DescripPon( The(course(idenPfies:(structural(features( that(make(postZframe(systems(unique;( design(resources(for(postZframe(systems;( two(basic(design(approaches(for(postZ frame(building(systems;(and(through( various(case(studies,(key(performance( characterisPcs(of(PF(building(systems.( More(than(20(postZframe(projects(are( showcased(to(highlight(all(of(these( architectural(alternaPves(and(benefits.( Learning(ObjecPves( 1. IdenPfy(the(unique(structural(features( of(PFBS((PostZFrame(Building(Systems)( 2. Demonstrate(the(code(compliance(of( PFBS( 3. Demonstrate(the(energy(efficiency(and( sustainability(of(PFBS( 4. IdenPfy(&(demonstrate(with(completed( PostZFrame((PF)(project(case(studies(the( range(of(applicaPons(and(architectural( features(possible(with(PFBS( POST-FRAME (PF) BUILDING SYSTEMS • Wood industry’s counterpart to low profile (1 to 2-1/2 story) steel buildings • Developed in late 1930’s for agricultural sector • Known as “pole building” in the past • PF has evolved to highly engineered wood building system • PF has expanded to many commercial, residential & institutional applications • Limitless range of interior/exterior appearances WHAT DOES A PF BUILDING LOOK LIKE? WHAT IS PF BUILDING USED FOR? PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL Sheathing: • 26 to 29 ga Ribbed Steel OR • OSB or Plywood Roof Purlins Typ. 2x4s “on edge” or “flat” Wall Girts Roof Framing Typ. 2x4 or 2x6 Trusses or Rafters “flat” Laminated or Solid-Sawn Wood Columns PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL OF FOUNDATION OPTIONS Isolated Pier Thickened Edge of Continuous RC Concrete Slab Foundation Wall Foundation 9 PF BUILDING SYSTEM CROSS SECTION Truss Purlins Girts Sidewall Column Column Foundation Column Footing WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS • Usually solid-sawn, glue-laminated (glulam) or mechanically (nail) laminated wood columns • Typically nominal 6-x-6, 6-x-8, 8-x-8, or 8-x-10 cross section • Usually spaced 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 ft on center along sidewall • Embedded portion must be properly preservative treated GLUE-LAMINATED (GLULAM) OR NAIL-LAMINATED WOOD COLUMN • Spliced glulam column – 3 or 4 ply, fabricated with 2x lumber – lower portion preservative treated; upper portion untreated MOST COMMON FOUNDATION OPTIONS • Isolated pier foundations • Concrete foundation walls PRESERVATIVE TREATED WOOD PIER FOUNDATION Preservative-treated section spliced to untreated portion PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER FOUNDATION • Precast reinforced concrete pier with column attached above grade • Entire assembly engineered • Assembly factory fabricated and shipped to site CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL • Column attached to cast- in-place concrete foundation wall • Attached solid-sawn, nail- laminated, or glulam columns are usually untreated ROOF FRAMING • Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4–8 ft o.c. • Heavier timber (solid-sawn wood or glulam) trusses for larger column and truss spacings • Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2–4 ft o.c. for clear spans ≤ 30 ft • Glulam or structural composite lumber (SCL) rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ TYPICAL PF WALL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Top View Columns Insulation Exterior Girts Interior Girts Exterior Sheathing and/or Architectural Finish Interior Sheathing & Finish End View 20 CODE COMPLIANCE • PF is covered by the International Building Code (IBC) not the International Residential Code (IRC) IRC Section R104.11 clearly states, “Compliance with the specific performance-based provisions of the International Codes (IBC) in lieu of specific (prescriptive) requirements of this code (IRC) shall also be permitted as an alternative.” CODE COMPLIANCE • PF is an engineered wood structural system • PF foundations included in Chapter 18 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012 • Key PF diaphragm design and other practices from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) cited in Sections 2306.1 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012 PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES • PF Building Design Manual (PFBDM) • Structural design procedures for PF building systems – PF designer’s primary reference – www.NFBA.org PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES • ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 – Diaphragm design procedures • ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 – Shallow post foundation design • ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 – Requirements and bending properties for mechanically laminated columns – asabe.org or nfba.org PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES • Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Framing Tolerances • Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Metal Panel and Trim Installation Tolerances • Post-Frame Construction Guide • 1, 2, and 3 hour (2012-2013) PF Firewall Reports – UL www.postframeadvantage.com or www.nfba.org www.NFBA.org PF FIREWALLS • Simple to construct • Eliminate need to mix and match construction types on PF project requiring firewalls • Provide relatively simple means to expand PF building sizes and heights per IBC Chapter 5 requirements 26 Design No. V304 January 20, 2012 Bearing Wall Rating - 3-Hr 5/8 Gyp Board (SCX) 4 layers, both sides Nail-lam post 4-ply, 2x6, 8 ft o.c. Vertical blocking Staggered horizontal & vertical joints and fastener 2x4 wall girts schedules per report 16 in. o.c. both sides STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACHES • Two-dimensional (2-D) frame design method (open- sided PF buildings) • Three-dimensional (3-D) diaphragm design method (all other PF buildings) • Covered in monthly NFBA-PFMI webinars OR • PFMI Online University courses - Series of one hour sessions - 1 CEU for design professionals for each session completed • www.postframeadvantage.com ENERGY EFFICIENCY • PF buildings are exceptionally easy to insulate to higher levels (R = 20 to 35) required by energy codes with wide range of typical batt, blown-in, or board insulation materials - Thicker wall cavities inherently built-into PF ENERGY EFFICIENCY Minimal thermal bridging in PF • Wall and roof framing members typically spaced 4 to 16 ft o.c. • Fewer breaks in thermal insulation barrier • Nominal 6x to 10x wood columns at breaks SUSTAINABILITY • Primary construction materials—wood and steel cladding—are both recyclable • Wood—the primary construction material in PF buildings—is a renewable forest resource • PF construction is inherently friendly to energy- efficient construction LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL • Nominal 6 x 6 Nail- laminated columns, 8 ft. o.c. on foundation wall • Hip Roof to blend into downtown community architectural theme • Total sq. footage: 4,800 • Construction time: Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings 90 days LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL • Designed to be a “green” LEED- certified building • Green Building of America Award Winner LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL Keys to LEED- Certification • Post frame is readily insulated to high levels required by the International Energy Code • Wood is a renewable green product and natural insulator Other Factors Leading to PF Selection • Original PF building easily expandable in 8 ft. modules LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN • Grid-tied solar system • Geothermal heating and cooling system • Materials with high recycled content • 10-inch wall cavities • Reflective foils on all six sides • “Cool color” painted steel roof system • 80% fewer thermal breaks in the wall • Insulated concrete slab LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN • Building size: 24 (L) x 36 (W) • Nominal 6 x 6 nail- laminated columns 8 ft o.c. • Isolated wood pier foundation • Net cost per sq ft: $98 LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI Similar to Nappanee, IN home except • Radiant in-floor heat • Air conditioning unit • $70/sq. ft. NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY • Durability of PF equals that of any well-engineered wood-framed building system • Keys to PF durability – Specify appropriate preservative treatment systems for all wood in ground contact – Use a column foundation option that eliminates ground contact for any wood structural element DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY Of all the hundreds of buildings weve built throughout Florida, were happy to report absolutely no problems except for minor damage to trim and other small architectural elements on just a few of them. —Patricia Askins of Longwood, FL, shortly after Hurricane Katrina OTHER PF BUILDING ATTRIBUTES • Cost-effective Minimal framing material requirements Minimal
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