Architectural+Alterna-ves+for+ Post3Frame+Building+Systems+

Presented(on(November(12,(2014(by:(Harvey(B.(Manbeck,((PhD,(PE( ((Consultant(to(NFBA( ((Professor(Emeritus,(Engineering( ((Penn(State(University(

This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off.

“The(Wood(Products(Council”(is( This(course(is(registered(with( a(Registered(Provider(with(The( AIA(CES(for(conPnuing( American(InsPtute(of(Architects( professional(educaPon.(As( ConPnuing(EducaPon(Systems( such,(it(does(not(include( (AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.( content(that(may(be(deemed( or(construed(to(be(an( ( approval(or(endorsement(by( ! the(AIA(of(any(material(of( Credit(s)(earned(on(complePon( construcPon(or(any(method(or( of(this(course(will(be(reported(to( manner(of( AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.( handling,(using,(distribuPng,( CerPficates(of(ComplePon(for( or(dealing(in(any(material(or( both(AIA(members(and(nonZAIA( product.( members(are(available(upon( ______request.( ______( QuesPons(related(to(specific(materials,( methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed( ( at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentaPon.( ( ( Course(DescripPon(

The(course(idenPfies:(structural(features( that(make(postZframe(systems(unique;( design(resources(for(postZframe(systems;( two(basic(design(approaches(for(postZ (building(systems;(and(through( various(case(studies,(key(performance( characterisPcs(of(PF(building(systems.( More(than(20(postZframe(projects(are( showcased(to(highlight(all(of(these( architectural(alternaPves(and(benefits.( Learning(ObjecPves( 1. IdenPfy(the(unique(structural(features( of(PFBS((PostZFrame(Building(Systems)( 2. Demonstrate(the(code(compliance(of( PFBS( 3. Demonstrate(the(energy(efficiency(and( sustainability(of(PFBS( 4. IdenPfy(&(demonstrate(with(completed( PostZFrame((PF)(project(case(studies(the( range(of(applicaPons(and(architectural( features(possible(with(PFBS( POST-FRAME (PF) BUILDING SYSTEMS • Wood industry’s counterpart to low profile (1 to 2-1/2 story) steel buildings • Developed in late 1930’s for agricultural sector • Known as “pole building” in the past • PF has evolved to highly engineered wood building system • PF has expanded to many commercial, residential & institutional applications • Limitless range of interior/exterior appearances WHAT DOES A PF BUILDING LOOK LIKE? WHAT IS PF BUILDING USED FOR? PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL

Sheathing: • 26 to 29 ga Ribbed Steel OR • OSB or Plywood

Roof Purlins Typ. 2x4s “on edge” or “flat”

Wall Girts Roof Framing Typ. 2x4 or 2x6 Trusses or Rafters “flat” Laminated or Solid-Sawn Wood Columns PF BUILDING SYSTEM PICTORIAL OF FOUNDATION OPTIONS

Isolated Pier Thickened Edge of Continuous RC Concrete Slab Foundation Wall Foundation 9 PF BUILDING SYSTEM CROSS SECTION

Truss Purlins

Girts Sidewall Column

Column Foundation

Column Footing WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS

• Usually solid-sawn, glue-laminated (glulam) or mechanically (nail) laminated wood columns • Typically nominal 6-x-6, 6-x-8, 8-x-8, or 8-x-10 cross section • Usually spaced 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 ft on center along sidewall • Embedded portion must be properly preservative treated GLUE-LAMINATED (GLULAM) OR NAIL-LAMINATED WOOD COLUMN • Spliced glulam column – 3 or 4 ply, fabricated with 2x lumber – lower portion preservative treated; upper portion untreated MOST COMMON FOUNDATION OPTIONS

• Isolated pier foundations

• Concrete foundation walls PRESERVATIVE TREATED WOOD PIER FOUNDATION Preservative-treated section spliced to untreated portion PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER FOUNDATION

• Precast reinforced concrete pier with column attached above grade • Entire assembly engineered • Assembly factory fabricated and shipped to site CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL

• Column attached to cast- in-place concrete foundation wall • Attached solid-sawn, nail- laminated, or glulam columns are usually untreated ROOF FRAMING • Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4–8 ft o.c. • Heavier timber (solid-sawn wood or glulam) trusses for larger column and truss spacings • Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2–4 ft o.c. for clear spans ≤ 30 ft • Glulam or structural composite lumber (SCL) rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ SUBURBAN GARAGE OCEAN VIEW, NJ TYPICAL PF WALL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE View

Columns

Insulation Exterior Girts Interior Girts

Exterior Sheathing and/or Architectural Finish Interior Sheathing & Finish End View

20 CODE COMPLIANCE

• PF is covered by the International Building Code (IBC) not the International Residential Code (IRC) IRC Section R104.11 clearly states, “Compliance with the specific performance-based provisions of the International Codes (IBC) in lieu of specific (prescriptive) requirements of this code (IRC) shall also be permitted as an alternative.”

CODE COMPLIANCE

• PF is an engineered wood structural system • PF foundations included in Chapter 18 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012 • Key PF diaphragm design and other practices from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) cited in Sections 2306.1 of IBC 2006, 2009 & 2012 PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES

• PF Building Design Manual (PFBDM) • Structural design procedures for PF building systems – PF designer’s primary reference – www.NFBA.org PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES

• ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 – Diaphragm design procedures • ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 – Shallow post foundation design • ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 – Requirements and bending properties for mechanically laminated columns – asabe.org or nfba.org PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES

• Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Framing Tolerances • Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction: Metal Panel and Trim Installation Tolerances • Post-Frame Construction Guide • 1, 2, and 3 hour (2012-2013) PF Firewall Reports – UL www.postframeadvantage.com or www.nfba.org

www.NFBA.org PF FIREWALLS

• Simple to construct • Eliminate need to mix and match construction types on PF project requiring firewalls • Provide relatively simple means to expand PF building sizes and heights per IBC Chapter 5 requirements

26 Design No. V304 January 20, 2012 Bearing Wall Rating - 3-Hr 5/8 Gyp Board (SCX) 4 layers, both sides

Nail-lam post 4-ply, 2x6, 8 ft o.c.

Vertical blocking Staggered horizontal & vertical joints and fastener 2x4 wall girts schedules per report 16 in. o.c. both sides STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPROACHES • Two-dimensional (2-D) frame design method (open- sided PF buildings) • Three-dimensional (3-D) diaphragm design method (all other PF buildings) • Covered in monthly NFBA-PFMI webinars OR • PFMI Online University courses - Series of one hour sessions - 1 CEU for design professionals for each session completed • www.postframeadvantage.com

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• PF buildings are exceptionally easy to insulate to higher levels (R = 20 to 35) required by energy codes with wide range of typical batt, blown-in, or board insulation materials - Thicker wall cavities inherently built-into PF

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Minimal thermal bridging in PF • Wall and roof framing members typically spaced 4 to 16 ft o.c.

• Fewer breaks in thermal insulation barrier

• Nominal 6x to 10x wood columns at breaks SUSTAINABILITY

• Primary construction materials—wood and steel cladding—are both recyclable • Wood—the primary construction material in PF buildings—is a renewable forest resource • PF construction is inherently friendly to energy- efficient construction LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL

• Nominal 6 x 6 Nail- laminated columns, 8 ft. o.c. on foundation wall • Hip Roof to blend into downtown community architectural theme • Total sq. footage: 4,800 • Construction time: Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings 90 days

LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL

• Designed to be a “green” LEED- certified building

• Green Building of America Award Winner

LEED-CERTIFIED WIND FARM HOPEDALE, IL Keys to LEED- Certification • Post frame is readily insulated to high levels required by the International Energy Code • Wood is a renewable green product and natural insulator Other Factors Leading to PF Selection • Original PF building easily expandable in 8 ft. modules LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN • Grid-tied solar system • Geothermal heating and cooling system • Materials with high recycled content • 10-inch wall cavities • Reflective foils on all six sides • “Cool color” painted steel roof system • 80% fewer thermal breaks in the wall • Insulated concrete slab LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN

• Building size: 24 (L) x 36 (W) • Nominal 6 x 6 nail- laminated columns 8 ft o.c. • Isolated wood pier foundation • Net cost per sq ft: $98 LEED-CERTIFIED, NET-ZERO HOME NAPPANEE, IN NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI

Similar to Nappanee, IN home except • Radiant in-floor heat • Air conditioning unit • $70/sq. ft.

NET-ZERO HOME STURGIS, MI DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY

• Durability of PF equals that of any well-engineered wood-framed building system • Keys to PF durability – Specify appropriate preservative treatment systems for all wood in ground contact – Use a column foundation option that eliminates ground contact for any wood structural element DURABILITY AND RELIABILITY

Of all the hundreds of buildings weve built throughout Florida, were happy to report absolutely no problems except for minor damage to trim and other small architectural elements on just a few of them. —Patricia Askins of Longwood, FL, shortly after Hurricane Katrina OTHER PF BUILDING ATTRIBUTES

• Cost-effective Minimal framing material requirements Minimal footing and foundation material requirements • Speed of construction (short time from start of construction to occupancy) • Functionally flexible • Without sacrificing architectural appeal ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY • PF cost effectiveness • Completed within the county’s overall budget • Significant savings compared to other traditional types of construction ($5.2 M vs. $10 to $15M) Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings ANIMAL SHELTER SARATOGA COUNTY, NY • Nominal 3-ply, 6x6 nail- lam columns 6 ft. o.c. • Concrete foundation wall • Roof framing: 36, 42 or 66 ft. wood trusses • ½ in. CDX plywood roof sheathing • Total sq. footage: 24,000 • Construction time: 160 days • Cost per sq. foot: $216

VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY

• PF flexibility easily accommodated 2 widely different functions (medical treatment center & garage for ambulances) • Cost savings in using embedded treated wood columns versus poured concrete foundation walls VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE CORPS CAZENOVIA, NY

• Total sq. footage: 5,595 • Total cost: $685,000 (1/3 less than nearest competitive bid for project) • Construction time: 125 days • Cost per sq. foot: $125 AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSAN, MN

• Used to exhibit 500 vehicles • Expansion to 1000 vehicle exhibitions anticipated • Used for weddings, etc. for up to 600 guests between auto exhibitions • Up to 20 ft. ceilings

AUTOMOTORPLEX CLUB HOUSE CHANHASSEN, MN

Photo courtesy of Lester Buildings

The owners required large buildings with wide & high clear spans … and ability to expand easily as future demand grows. BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA Tiffin, IA Completed February 2010 Construction time: 183 days Total sq. footage: 16,560 Clear span: 70 feet Total cost: $1.7 million Cost per sq. ft: $102

Short construction window:183 days (mid-September to mid-February for Valentine’s Day opening) BELLA SALA RECEPTION HALL IOWA CITY, IA • Openness • Flexibility of use • Economy: $103/sq ft. • Stylized interior design • 4-ply nominal nail-lam 8 x 8 columns, 8 ft. o.c. • 2-ply 70 ft. wood trusses, 8 ft. o.c.

• Concrete foundation Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC wall PF ARCHITECTURAL FLEXIBILITY & APPEAL

Architectural details & finishes

…are limited only by the designers imagination and creativity

51 PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE WHEELING, WV

• Large waiting room • 6 exam rooms • Lab area • Administrative work station • Nurses’ station • Office for the doctors PRIVATE MEDICAL PRACTICE

WHEELING, WV+ + • Hardi plank siding • Stone wainscot • Shingle roofing • Azek trims • Vaulted ceilings in waiting area • 2nd floor area for future

office ( + • Nominal 6x6 nail-lam, 8 ft. o.c. • Isolated wood pier foundation • Construction Time: 144 days • Hip roof system • Cost per sq. foot: $117. DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA

• 2-story octagon with 2nd story office • 36 ft. clearspan monoslope roof with clerstory windows • 5/8 in cdx plywood sheathing • Stucco board & cultured stone siding • Painted ribbed steel roof DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA

• Nominal 3-ply 6x6 & 6x8 nail-lam columns • Cast-in-place concrete foundation walls • Microlam rafters & glulam trusses in roof

• Construction Time: 300 days • Cost: $135/sq.ft. DENTAL CLINIC THOMASVILLE, GA

Interior of 2nd floor of octagonal area • Drywall interior with wood trim • Commercial carpeting

Interior of Office & Reception Area WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY

• High- ribbed painted steel roofing • Stepped metal clad fascias • Metal downspouts and gutters • Prefinished fiber cement siding with PVC simulated wood trims • Vinyl shutters & fiberglass windows • Nova Brik wainscot

WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY

• Six bays for fire, rescue, tanker, and pickup trucks • Radio room • Firefighters’ locker room • Kitchen • Lounge area • Office space

WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY • Acoustical suspended ceilings • Ceramic tile flooring with resinous epoxy coating • Acrovyn crash rails and corner guards • Acoustical hi-rib steel liners at apparatus bays with interior FRP liner on lower 8’ of wall WILTON FIRE DISTRICT WILTON, NY

• 3-ply 2x8 & 4-ply 2x6 nail-lam columns, 6 ft. o.c. • Continuous concrete foundation wall • Structural meets code requirements for essential facilities

• Construction time: 250 days • Cost per sq. foot: $247

WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX

• Tasting room for Pilot Knob Winery • Showcase for award winning wines • Host meetings, weddings, parties or other events • Native Texas limestone exterior from local quarries with exposed cedar trusses • Nominal 3-ply 6x6 nail-lam columns, 8 ft. o.c. • Preservative treated wood post foundation WINERY TASTING ROOM BERTRAM, TX

• Painted drywall with simple country trims • Monterrey drag texture • Granite countertops throughout tasting bar and restrooms • Custom sliding barn doors in partitioning rooms

• Construction time: 150 days • Cost per sq. foot: $117

VARIETY OF PF EXTERIOR FINISHES HORSE BARN BATAVIA, IL • Exterior finish: 7” reveal Hardi Plank and cedar shakes & trim

• Interior finish: Hi-Rib steel Ceiling and T&G Pine siding

• Construction time: 150 days • Cost per sq. foot: $87 GAS STATION/STORE CARMEL, IN • Exterior finish: • Standing seam steel roof (29 ga) • EFIS (stucco) wall finish with brick wainscoting • Plateglass windows and entry Doors

• Construction time: 150 days • Cost per sq. foot: $90 JIMMY JOHNS/CASH MAX LANCASTER, OH Exterior Finish: • Mix of faux stone, brick and vinyl • Sandstone coins put into brick to offset corners • 40-year dimensional shingles on roof

• Construction time: 150 days • Cost per sq. foot: $65 DANZINGER VINEYARDS ALMA, WI • Exterior finish: cedar shake gable ends, cultured stone walls, standing seam roof

• Interior finish: stamped & stained concrete floors, stamped metal or vaulted pine ceilings

• Construction time: 158 days • Total cost: $82 per sq. ft.

ARCHITECTURAL FLEXIBILITY & APPEAL- INTERIOR

68 PRIVATE RESIDENCE , VA

Exterior Details: • Attached out-buildings • White cedar siding • Asphalt roof shingles

• Interior Details • House - drywall and T&G wood • Garage - 5/8 drywall • Barn - SYP T&G and T1-11 plywood PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA

Interior Details (Lower Floor) • Large beams and exposed wood ceilings upstairs and downstairs • Exposed beam ceiling over the kitchen and dining area. PRIVATE RESIDENCE CATHARPIN, VA

Interior Details (Loft Area) • Cantilevered loft area (over the house center beam) • Oak-stained tongue-and- groove second floor • Large beams and exposed wood ceilings upstairs • Real tree-trunk posts in loft

• Construction time: 210 days • Cost per sq. foot: $73 CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD Post-Frame Commercial Lodge for Large Family Reunions & Other Large Groups • Four bedroom suites • Sustainable materials including locally milled wood & native rock • “Log-cabin” exterior • Rapid construction time : 5 months Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction • November thru April in South Dakota CUSTER REUNION CABIN RAPID CITY, SD

Highly stylized interior design • Native stone fireplace • Native lumber columns • Native timber wood interior floors and trim Unique accessories • dormer windows • log timber entry • open loft viewing • rock fireplace • whirlpool tubs • cedar patio

Photo courtesy of Semmler Construction PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS

Exterior Details: • Hi-rib steel roofing • Cultured stone & wood siding

Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings PRIVATE RESIDENCE TEXAS Interior Details: • Finished exposed trusses 8 ft. o.c. to finished under-side of 6/12 pitched roof

Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings DIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM, FUNCTION & APPEARANCE

• Traditional rectangular & gable roof • Traditional restaurant & retail function WASTE FACILITY LANCASTER, OH

• Multi-purpose PF Building Interior Details: • Maintenance/repair of garbage • Warehouse & shop areas - trucks 29 ga. steel liner • Storage/repair of portable • Office finished with 5/8 toilets painted drywall • Corporate offices • Driver dispatch office • Construction time: • High-story & low-slope roof 212 days • 29 ga. steel siding and roofing • Cost per sq. foot: $33 OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN

• Commercial office building for lease • 72 ft. x 200 ft • Low-slope roof • Exterior details: • 4 in. split-face block veneer • 29 ga. painted ribbed steel OFFICE BUILDING CRANE, IN

• Interior finish: drywall and suspended acoustic tile • Construction time: 45 days • Cost per sq. foot: $49 CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN

• Size: 94 ft x 40 ft x 30 ft high (silo) • 44 ft x 60 ft (office) • Columns (8 ft. oc): • 4 ply 2x8 glulam (silo) • 4 ply 2x6 nail-lam (office) • Exterior finish: • 29 ga. Painted ribbed steel roof and walls • Moderra block wainscot CONCRETE BATCH PLANT WINSTED, MN

• 29 ga. Steel liner panel (silo) • Sheetrock finish in the office

• Construction time: 49 days • Cost per sq. foot: $83 CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER ITHACA, NY • Inaugural building in Cornell’s large animal- husbandry teaching complex • Facility designed to provide innovative observational educational opportunities Institutional PF Educational Facility for animal science and (38,000 sq ft) veterinary medicine students CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER ITHACA, NY

• Varying angled roof lines • Recessed gutters • Modern air-wing roof-system design • Painted ribbed steel siding finishes the exterior of both a free-stall barn, milking parlor, and student observation/teaching areas • Each contains unique features, including sliding Nova-Lite panels and hydraulic bi-fold doors CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER ITHACA, NY • Housing for more than 200 cows • Modern automated milking parlor • Fully equipped teaching centers allowing student observation • Storage areas for hay, straw, sand, feed & equipment • Milking parlor trusses finished with fiberglass-reinforced plastic and white polycarbonate ceiling liner • Clerestory windows at the eaves provide an abundance of natural sunlight CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER ITHACA, NY

Excellent example of the structural & architectural flexibility of PF

Mono-slope wood trusses

Tapered structural Structural composite rafters composite lumber rafters CORNELL UNIVERSITY DAIRY EDUCATIONAL CENTER ITHACA, NY

• Construction time: 139 days • Cost per sq. foot: $156

SUMMARY Modern Post-Frame Building Systems are: • Cost Effective • Energy Efficient • Code Compliant • Durable • Sustainable • Functionally Flexible • Architecturally Flexible

87 PF APPLICATIONS & APPEARANCE LIMITED ONLY BY THE DESIGNERS IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY MORE ABOUT POST FRAME

• National Frame Building Association (NFBA) • www.postframeadvantage.com • www.NFBA.org • NFBA 8735 Higgins Road • Suite 300 Chicago, IL 60631 Ques-ons?+

This(concludes(The(American( InsPtute(of(Architects(ConPnuing( EducaPon(Systems(Course(

Harvey+B.+Manbeck,+PhD,+PE+ Na-onal+Frame+Building+Associa-on+ [email protected](

This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the softwood lumber check-off.