GLOSSARY GLOSSARY
Technical terms, for which in Theravada Buddhism the Pali and Sanskrit terms used in the thesis. Whereas a number of English translations have been given for Pali and Sanskrit terms, that given below is the one used throughout this Dissertation. The alphabetical order is followed according to the Roman script.
Abhisechana personal cleanliness
Abyapanna-Citta cultivate a friendly mind
Adesanapatihariya the miracle of mind-reading
Adhicitta-sikkha training in higher mentality
Adhipanna-sikkha training in higher wisdom
AdhisTla-sikkha training in higher morality
Adinnadana taking what is not given, stealing
Adosa non-hatred, non-anger, kindness
Agganfiasutta name of a great discourse
Ahirhsa non-violence
Akrodha (Skt.) freedom from anger
Akusala unskilful, unwholesome
Akusala-kammapatha wholesome course of action Allah name of God in Islam
Alobha generosity, or non-greed, liberality
Ambapall name of a courtesan in period of
Buddha -381-
Amoha knowledge or non-delusion, wisdom
Anadi non-substantiality AnagamT non-returner
Anatta not-self, soulless, non-ego
Ahguttara-Nikaya the collection of Discourses
arranged in accordance with
number. Adding-one Collection;
collection of numerical saying; the
Book of the gradual sayings
Anicca the law of change or impermanence
Antah-Shuddi (Skt.) internal purity
Anupadha /Anupadana purity of motive
AnusasanTpatihariya the miracle of teaching
Aparigraha non-attachment, contentment
Apayamukha causes of ruin; way of squandering
wealth
Appamada-sampada establishing one self in heedfulness;
perfection of heedfulness
Appamanna cultivate a measureless
Apramada /Aparigraha(Skt.) uncarelessness, non-attachment.
Moral alertness
Arahanta an Arahant, the Worthy one, the final
emancipation in Buddhism
Arahat final emancipation
Ariya /Ariyan noble treasures, holy one
Ariya-dhamma the noble quality
Ariyasacca the (Four) Noble Truth -382-
Artha (Skt.) material welfare, wealth and power Ashrama-Dharmas (Skt.) the four developmental stages of life
Asteya (Skt.) non-stealing
Asunyata (Skt.) truness as affirmation
Atma-Jnana (Skt.) knowing oneself
Atta self, soul, ego, person Attakilamathanuyoga self-metrification
Attanatha having oneself as a refuge
Attannuta knowing oneself
Atta-sampada perfection of oneself; dedicating
oneself to training for the realization
of one’s full human potential
Atthannuta knowing objectives, knowing results
AtthasTla eight Precepts
Avera non-hatred
Avihirhsa non-injury
Avijja /Avidya (Skt.) ignorance, lack of knowledge
Avirodhana non-opposition
B
BhagavadgTta songs of God, a religion-
philosophical scripture of Hinduism
Bhakti (Skt.) devotion to God
Bhakti-Marga (Skt.) the path of devotion
Bhava becoming; process of becoming;
state of existence, condition -383-
Bhavana mental development, meditation
Bhavatanha craving for the existence; craving for rebirth; Thirst for selfish pursuits
Bhikkhu title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk
BhikkhunT Buddhist nun
BhikkhunTparisa the assembly of nuns
Bhikkhuparisa the assembly of monks
Bhutahitatva seeking good of creatures
Bible the Holy Scripture of Christianity
Bodhisatta a Buddha-to-be
Brahma a divine being of the form-sphere or
of the formless-sphere; Brahma god
Brahmacahya (Skt.) celibacy, sublime life, student life
Brahmana man of the Brahmin caste
Brahmanaparisa assembly of Brahmins
Brahmin priestly class
Byapada the taint of ill-will
Caturaparisa the Four-fold Assembly
Chanda will; aspiration; intention
Chanda-sampada perfection of aspiration; having a
heart that aspires to learning and
constructive action
Citta mind or consciousness -384-
D
Dama control of senses, application
Dana charity
Dasarajadhamma ten kingly virtues
Daya benevolence
Deva (Skt.) god, deity
Devata a celestial or heavenly; being; deity
Dhamma /Dharma (Skt.) 1.The doctrine: the teachings (of the
Buddha)
2,The truth; ultimate reality
Dhamma-cariya principles for virtuous living
Dhammadana gift of Truth; spiritual gift
Dhammaniyama order of the norm; law of the
dhamma certainty or orderliness of
cause and effects; general law of
cause and effect
Dhammahnuta knowing principles, knowing causes
Dhammapada name of a Buddhist scripture in
Khuddhakanikaya
Dhammaraja virtuous King, ruler, governor
Dhamma-Vinaya the Norm-Discipline, the Doctrine
and the Discipline
Dhammika righteous one
Dhana property
Dhanya (Skt.) richness
Dharmakaya (Skt.) the body of doctrine -3 ^ 5 -
Dharma-Shastras (Skt.) a knowledge of duty or doctrine
DhT wisdom
Dhul-Hijja pilgrimage month to Mecca or Medina-Hajj
DTgha-Nikaya a collection of long discourse
Ditthi /Dhrti (Skt.) 1. A theory; view or belief
2. Misbelieve; erroneous opinion
Ditthi-sampada perfection of view; seeing things
according to cause and effect
Domanassa passionate grief
Dosa hatred
Dukkha /Duhkha (Skt.) suffering, unsatifactoriness
Dvesa serves as an antidote to hatred
Gahapatiparisa assembly of wealthy persons
Garavata respect, reverence
Grahapati (Skt.) wealthy person
Garhasthya family life
H
Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca Hirhsa causing pain or killing any life out of
anger or selfish purpose
Hiri shame at doing evil or conscience -32b-
Iddhipatihariya the miracle of physical power Ihram /Ehram the pilgrim puts off his sacred robe, walking around for seven times or
more around the Kabba
Indriya-Nigraha (Skt.) restraint on the senseorgans
Jataka stories of the Buddha’s previous
lives
JTvanmukti (Skt.) emancipation while still alive
JTvitindriya life-faculty, vitality
Jhana awareness, absorption
Jfiana-Marga (Skt.) the path of knowledge
K
Kabbha /Kaaba the black stone at Mecca to which
Muslims pray
Kalannuta knowing occasion
Kalyanamittata having good friends; friendship with
the lovely: good company;
favourable social environment;
Kama (Skt.) sense-desire, an object of sensual
enjoyment -397-
Kamachanda sensuous desire Kamasukhallika addiction to sensual pleasure
Kamatanha craving for sensual pleasure or
sensual craving
Kamma /karma (Skt.) volitional action
Karma-Marga (Skt.) the paths of action
Karuna compassion
Kaya body, form
Kaya-Sucarita righteous bodily conduct
Khanti forbearance
Kisagotami a proper name of lady in period of
Buddha
Krodha varjana (Skt.) restraint of anger
Ksrtiyas /Kshatriya (Skt.) warrior, king, ruler
Kstriyaparisa (Skt.) assembly of warhors. Kings
Kusala skilful, wholesome
Kusala-kamma wholesome action; good deed
Kashama forgiveness
Lobha greed, covetousness
M
Maddava gentleness
Magga the path, the way -32B-
Maha karuna the mighty compassion
Mahamahgala-Sutta name of a Buddhist Discourse
Mahammad name of the prophet in Islam
MahavTra name of the founder of Jainism
MaitrT (Skt.) friendliness, compassion
Majjhima patipada the Middle Path, the Middle Way
Mano mental organ; mind
Mano-sucarita righteous mentality
Mantras (Skt.) occult practices
Manussa a human being
Manussa-Dhamma humanity virtue of man, the five
precepts
Mattannuta knowing moderation
Metta friendliness, loving-kindness
Mina /Mena name of place for worship near
Mecca
Moha illusion, delusion
Moksa (Skt.) eventual emancipation, Liberation or
Ultimate Goal in Hinduism
Mudita sympathetic joy
N
Nama 1. name
2. all mental phenomena
Nama-RQpa bodily component or name and form
Nibbana /Nirvana (Skt.) the Ultimate Goal in Buddhism -seg-
Nikaya a collection, section of a scripture
Nirodha the cessation, extinction of suffering
Niskama-Karma (Skt.) non-attached actions
Nivana without craving which is fastening
Nivritti (Skt.) ceasing from worldly acts, inactivity
O
Odana-sura a rice-liquor
Ottappa fear of the results of doing evil
Ovadapatimokkha the principal teaching, the
fundamental teaching
Pabbhajja adopting the ascetic life
Pacittiya an offence entailing expiation
Pali 1. Pali language, the language
adopted by the Theravadins as the
language in which to reserved the
memorized teaching of the Buddha
2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali
Cannon; the Buddha’s teaching as
contained in the Tipitaka
Pana life force
Pana-baddha involved with life-force
Panaghata taking life, killing -390-
Pancadhamma the five ennobling virtues in
Buddhism
PancasTIa the five moral precepts, the five rules of morality, the five training rules
Pancayama (Skt.) the five moral virtues in Hinduism
Panna /Prajha (Skt.) wisdom; knowledge
Papa (Skt.) evil, wrong action, demerit
Paramarthasatya (Skt.) the highest truth of human ends
Paramita the perfection practiced by the
Bodhisatta
Pariccaga liberality
Paricharan (Skt.) social service
Pahsannuta knowing company
Passaddhi tranquility, calmness, quietude
Paritrana (Skt.) saving or defending the distressed
Paticcasamuppada the law of dependent origination in
Buddhism
Patimokkha the fundamental precepts; the
fundamental rules of the order; the
227 disciplinary rules binding on
Bhikkhus; a collection of the
fundamental precepts of the order
recited every fortnight fortnightly
recitation of the fundamental
precepts; disciplinary code,
Pittha-sura a kind of intoxicant beverage
Piyavaca pleasant speech; kindly speech - 391-
Pravritti (Skt.) activity, exertion, efficacy, function
active life
Priyasattva One may accumulate benefit by
expanding friendliness first to
believes beings
Puggalannuta knowing persons
Purisindriya faculty of masculinity
Purusa (Skt.) soul
Purusartha (Skt.) the Ultimate Goals of life according
to Hinduism
Q
Quran the Holy canon /scripture in Islam
R
Raga aversion
Raga-Carita an individual of lustful temperament
Rahula the only son of Siddhartha
Rajjumala slave girl
Ramazan 9 month for fasting in Islam Ratna (Skt.) precious jewels
Rgveda (Skt.) 1 St veda of the four vedas
Rupa bodily component of the person
Rta (Skt.) eternal course or Order of the universe - 392-
Saddha faith, belief
Sadhana (Skt.) meditation
Sadharana-Dharma (Skt.) general morality
SakadagamT Once-returner
Sakya name of the race of the Buddha,
Samadhi concentration, one pointedness of
mind
Samana recluse, ascetic
Samanera novice
Samanya (Skt.) the highest universal characteristics
Samma-ajTva right livelihood
Samma-ditthi cultivating right views; right
understanding
Samma-kammanta right action; right conduct
Samma-samadhi right concentration
Samma-sahkappa right thought; right resolve
Samma-sati right mindfulness
Samma-vaca right speech
Samma-vayama right effort
Sartisara (Skt.) the cycle of death and birth
Samudaya the cause of suffering
Sartiyana (Skt.) self-restraint
Sartiyutta-Nikaya the book of the kindred sayings
Sahgha The ideal community; assemblage
Sannyasa life of renunciation -39?-
Santosa /sandosa the doctrine of self-sufficiency and contentment
Sappurisa-Dhamma doctrine of qualities of a good man Sasana teachings, doctrines
Sati mindfulness, detached watching
awareness, attentiveness
Satya (Skt.) the Truth
Satyagraha (Skt.) holding fast to truth
Satyagrahi (Skt.) one who follows the truth
Satyavacana veracity
Saucha (Skt.) cleanliness
Schidravyasevana non-eating of impure food
Setthi millionaire
Shuddha-Vyavahara (Skt.) a pure and honest life
Sigalasutta name of a discourse
Sikkha education; study; training; discipline
STla /Shila (Skt.) morality; code of morality; moral
practice
STIa-sampada perfection of morality; having
discipline as a foundation for one’s
life development
Subha 1. beautiful, beauty
2. name the daughter of a smith
Sucarita good or proper conduct
Suchidravyasevana non-eating of impure food
Sudra a servant to three higher castes
Sudraparisa assembly of the servant caste -394-
Sukha (Skt.) ease, pleasure, happiness
Sunita scavenger
Sunyata (Skt.) emptiness, voidness
Sutta a discourse dialogue; aphorism
Swadeshi belonging to one’s own country
Swaraj (Skt.) the ethics in Indian home rule
Tanha passion, desire
Tape (Skt.) self-restraint, austerity
Tapasya self suffering
Tathagata an epithet of the Buddha
Tathata suchness (objective reality)
Tattva-jnana knowledge of ultimate reality
Theras elder monks
Theravada the Doctrine of the Elders, teaching
of the Elders, the Southern school of
Buddhism
Then elder nun
Thinamiddha sloth and torpor
Thiti development, stay
Tipitaka /Tripitaka (Skt.) the three divisions of the Buddhist
Canon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and
Abhidhamma, general know as the
Pali Canon
Tisikkha the three-fold training in Buddhism -3^9
u
Upanisad (Skt.) sitting near the teacher and learning
from him the secret doctrine or
mystic teachings; the scriptures of
Hinduism
Upasaka lay Buddhist, male devotee
Upasakaparisa the assembly of lay male devotees
Upasampada ordination as a monk
Upasika a female devotee, a lay woman
disciple, female votaries
Upasikaparisa the assembly of lay female devotees
Upekkha equanimity, indifference, neither
pleasurable nor painful feeling
Upavasa fasting
V
VacT-sucarita righteous speech
Vaisya (Skt.) agriculture, tending cattle and trade
Vanaprastha retired life
Varna Dharma (Skt.) the fold one of the classes specified
Vedic (Skt.) four ancient scriptures of the Aryans
Vidya (Skt.) learning, knowledge, wisdom
Vibhajjavada analytical or discriminating doctrine,
an early name for the original
Buddhism orTheravada -396
Vibhavatanha craving for self-annihilation, craving
for sensual pleasures connected with the view of nihilism
Vihara monastery, abode, a state of mind,
Vimutti deliverance, emancipation, release
Vinaya the discipline, the monastic regular
Vipassana intuitive vision, insight development
Visista-Devata-Bhakti devotion to the recognized deity
Visuddhimagga 1. Path of purification
2. name of an important post-
canonical text composed by
Buddhaghosa
Y
Yoga one of the six systems of orthodox
Hindu philosophy
Yonisomanasikara proper attention, systematic
attention, proper consideration,
analytical reflection
Yonisomanasikara-sampada perfection of wise reflection; thinking
wisely so as to realize benefit and
see the truth
Zakat charity in Islam