GLOSSARY GLOSSARY

Technical terms, for which in Theravada the Pali and terms used in the thesis. Whereas a number of English translations have been given for Pali and Sanskrit terms, that given below is the one used throughout this Dissertation. The alphabetical order is followed according to the Roman script.

Abhisechana personal cleanliness

Abyapanna-Citta cultivate a friendly mind

Adesanapatihariya the miracle of mind-reading

Adhicitta-sikkha training in higher mentality

Adhipanna-sikkha training in higher wisdom

AdhisTla-sikkha training in higher morality

Adinnadana taking what is not given, stealing

Adosa non-hatred, non-anger, kindness

Agganfiasutta name of a great discourse

Ahirhsa non-violence

Akrodha (Skt.) freedom from anger

Akusala unskilful, unwholesome

Akusala-kammapatha wholesome course of action Allah name of God in Islam

Alobha generosity, or non-greed, liberality

Ambapall name of a courtesan in period of

Buddha -381-

Amoha knowledge or non-delusion, wisdom

Anadi non-substantiality AnagamT non-returner

Anatta not-self, soulless, non-ego

Ahguttara-Nikaya the collection of Discourses

arranged in accordance with

number. Adding-one Collection;

collection of numerical saying; the

Book of the gradual sayings

Anicca the law of change or impermanence

Antah-Shuddi (Skt.) internal purity

Anupadha /Anupadana purity of motive

AnusasanTpatihariya the miracle of teaching

Aparigraha non-attachment, contentment

Apayamukha causes of ruin; way of squandering

wealth

Appamada-sampada establishing one self in heedfulness;

perfection of heedfulness

Appamanna cultivate a measureless

Apramada /Aparigraha(Skt.) uncarelessness, non-attachment.

Moral alertness

Arahanta an Arahant, the Worthy one, the final

emancipation in Buddhism

Arahat final emancipation

Ariya /Ariyan noble treasures, holy one

Ariya-dhamma the noble quality

Ariyasacca the (Four) Noble Truth -382-

Artha (Skt.) material welfare, wealth and power - (Skt.) the four developmental stages of life

Asteya (Skt.) non-stealing

Asunyata (Skt.) truness as affirmation

Atma-Jnana (Skt.) knowing oneself

Atta self, soul, ego, person Attakilamathanuyoga self-metrification

Attanatha having oneself as a refuge

Attannuta knowing oneself

Atta-sampada perfection of oneself; dedicating

oneself to training for the realization

of one’s full human potential

Atthannuta knowing objectives, knowing results

AtthasTla eight Precepts

Avera non-hatred

Avihirhsa non-injury

Avijja /Avidya (Skt.) ignorance, lack of knowledge

Avirodhana non-opposition

B

BhagavadgTta songs of God, a religion-

philosophical scripture of

Bhakti (Skt.) devotion to God

Bhakti-Marga (Skt.) the path of devotion

Bhava becoming; process of becoming;

state of existence, condition -383-

Bhavana mental development, meditation

Bhavatanha craving for the existence; craving for rebirth; Thirst for selfish pursuits

Bhikkhu title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk

BhikkhunT Buddhist nun

BhikkhunTparisa the assembly of nuns

Bhikkhuparisa the assembly of monks

Bhutahitatva seeking good of creatures

Bible the Holy Scripture of Christianity

Bodhisatta a Buddha-to-be

Brahma a divine being of the form-sphere or

of the formless-sphere; god

Brahmacahya (Skt.) celibacy, sublime life, student life

Brahmana man of the caste

Brahmanaparisa assembly of

Brahmin priestly class

Byapada the taint of ill-will

Caturaparisa the Four-fold Assembly

Chanda will; aspiration; intention

Chanda-sampada perfection of aspiration; having a

heart that aspires to learning and

constructive action

Citta mind or consciousness -384-

D

Dama control of senses, application

Dana charity

Dasarajadhamma ten kingly virtues

Daya benevolence

Deva (Skt.) god, deity

Devata a celestial or heavenly; being; deity

Dhamma / (Skt.) 1.The doctrine: the teachings (of the

Buddha)

2,The truth; ultimate reality

Dhamma-cariya principles for virtuous living

Dhammadana gift of Truth; spiritual gift

Dhammaniyama order of the norm; law of the

dhamma certainty or orderliness of

cause and effects; general law of

cause and effect

Dhammahnuta knowing principles, knowing causes

Dhammapada name of a Buddhist scripture in

Khuddhakanikaya

Dhammaraja virtuous King, ruler, governor

Dhamma-Vinaya the Norm-Discipline, the Doctrine

and the Discipline

Dhammika righteous one

Dhana property

Dhanya (Skt.) richness

Dharmakaya (Skt.) the body of doctrine -3 ^ 5 -

Dharma- (Skt.) a knowledge of duty or doctrine

DhT wisdom

Dhul-Hijja pilgrimage month to Mecca or Medina-Hajj

DTgha-Nikaya a collection of long discourse

Ditthi /Dhrti (Skt.) 1. A theory; view or belief

2. Misbelieve; erroneous opinion

Ditthi-sampada perfection of view; seeing things

according to cause and effect

Domanassa passionate grief

Dosa hatred

Dukkha /Duhkha (Skt.) suffering, unsatifactoriness

Dvesa serves as an antidote to hatred

Gahapatiparisa assembly of wealthy persons

Garavata respect, reverence

Grahapati (Skt.) wealthy person

Garhasthya family life

H

Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca Hirhsa causing pain or killing any life out of

anger or selfish purpose

Hiri shame at doing evil or conscience -32b-

Iddhipatihariya the miracle of physical power Ihram /Ehram the pilgrim puts off his sacred robe, walking around for seven times or

more around the Kabba

Indriya-Nigraha (Skt.) restraint on the senseorgans

Jataka stories of the Buddha’s previous

lives

JTvanmukti (Skt.) emancipation while still alive

JTvitindriya life-faculty, vitality

Jhana awareness, absorption

Jfiana-Marga (Skt.) the path of knowledge

K

Kabbha /Kaaba the black stone at Mecca to which

Muslims pray

Kalannuta knowing occasion

Kalyanamittata having good friends; friendship with

the lovely: good company;

favourable social environment;

Kama (Skt.) sense-desire, an object of sensual

enjoyment -397-

Kamachanda sensuous desire Kamasukhallika addiction to sensual pleasure

Kamatanha craving for sensual pleasure or

sensual craving

Kamma / (Skt.) volitional action

Karma-Marga (Skt.) the paths of action

Karuna

Kaya body, form

Kaya-Sucarita righteous bodily conduct

Khanti forbearance

Kisagotami a proper name of lady in period of

Buddha

Krodha varjana (Skt.) restraint of anger

Ksrtiyas / (Skt.) warrior, king, ruler

Kstriyaparisa (Skt.) assembly of warhors. Kings

Kusala skilful, wholesome

Kusala-kamma wholesome action; good deed

Kashama forgiveness

Lobha greed, covetousness

M

Maddava gentleness

Magga the path, the way -32B-

Maha karuna the mighty compassion

Mahamahgala-Sutta name of a Buddhist Discourse

Mahammad name of the prophet in Islam

MahavTra name of the founder of

MaitrT (Skt.) friendliness, compassion

Majjhima patipada the Middle Path, the Middle Way

Mano mental organ; mind

Mano-sucarita righteous mentality

Mantras (Skt.) occult practices

Manussa a human being

Manussa-Dhamma humanity virtue of man, the five

precepts

Mattannuta knowing moderation

Metta friendliness, loving-kindness

Mina /Mena name of place for worship near

Mecca

Moha illusion, delusion

Moksa (Skt.) eventual emancipation, Liberation or

Ultimate Goal in Hinduism

Mudita sympathetic joy

N

Nama 1. name

2. all mental phenomena

Nama-RQpa bodily component or name and form

Nibbana / (Skt.) the Ultimate Goal in Buddhism -seg-

Nikaya a collection, section of a scripture

Nirodha the cessation, extinction of suffering

Niskama-Karma (Skt.) non-attached actions

Nivana without craving which is fastening

Nivritti (Skt.) ceasing from worldly acts, inactivity

O

Odana-sura a rice-liquor

Ottappa fear of the results of doing evil

Ovadapatimokkha the principal teaching, the

fundamental teaching

Pabbhajja adopting the ascetic life

Pacittiya an offence entailing expiation

Pali 1. Pali language, the language

adopted by the Theravadins as the

language in which to reserved the

memorized teaching of the Buddha

2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali

Cannon; the Buddha’s teaching as

contained in the Tipitaka

Pana life force

Pana-baddha involved with life-force

Panaghata taking life, killing -390-

Pancadhamma the five ennobling virtues in

Buddhism

PancasTIa the five moral precepts, the five rules of morality, the five training rules

Pancayama (Skt.) the five moral virtues in Hinduism

Panna /Prajha (Skt.) wisdom; knowledge

Papa (Skt.) evil, wrong action, demerit

Paramarthasatya (Skt.) the highest truth of human ends

Paramita the perfection practiced by the

Bodhisatta

Pariccaga liberality

Paricharan (Skt.) social service

Pahsannuta knowing company

Passaddhi tranquility, calmness, quietude

Paritrana (Skt.) saving or defending the distressed

Paticcasamuppada the law of dependent origination in

Buddhism

Patimokkha the fundamental precepts; the

fundamental rules of the order; the

227 disciplinary rules binding on

Bhikkhus; a collection of the

fundamental precepts of the order

recited every fortnight fortnightly

recitation of the fundamental

precepts; disciplinary code,

Pittha-sura a kind of intoxicant beverage

Piyavaca pleasant speech; kindly speech - 391-

Pravritti (Skt.) activity, exertion, efficacy, function

active life

Priyasattva One may accumulate benefit by

expanding friendliness first to

believes beings

Puggalannuta knowing persons

Purisindriya faculty of masculinity

Purusa (Skt.) soul

Purusartha (Skt.) the Ultimate Goals of life according

to Hinduism

Q

Quran the Holy canon /scripture in Islam

R

Raga aversion

Raga-Carita an individual of lustful temperament

Rahula the only son of Siddhartha

Rajjumala slave girl

Ramazan 9 month for fasting in Islam Ratna (Skt.) precious jewels

Rgveda (Skt.) 1 St veda of the four

Rupa bodily component of the person

Rta (Skt.) eternal course or Order of the universe - 392-

Saddha faith, belief

Sadhana (Skt.) meditation

Sadharana-Dharma (Skt.) general morality

SakadagamT Once-returner

Sakya name of the race of the Buddha,

Samadhi concentration, one pointedness of

mind

Samana recluse, ascetic

Samanera novice

Samanya (Skt.) the highest universal characteristics

Samma-ajTva right livelihood

Samma-ditthi cultivating right views; right

understanding

Samma-kammanta right action; right conduct

Samma- right concentration

Samma-sahkappa right thought; right resolve

Samma-sati right mindfulness

Samma-vaca right speech

Samma-vayama right effort

Sartisara (Skt.) the cycle of death and birth

Samudaya the cause of suffering

Sartiyana (Skt.) self-restraint

Sartiyutta-Nikaya the book of the kindred sayings

Sahgha The ideal community; assemblage

Sannyasa life of renunciation -39?-

Santosa /sandosa the doctrine of self-sufficiency and contentment

Sappurisa-Dhamma doctrine of qualities of a good man Sasana teachings, doctrines

Sati mindfulness, detached watching

awareness, attentiveness

Satya (Skt.) the Truth

Satyagraha (Skt.) holding fast to truth

Satyagrahi (Skt.) one who follows the truth

Satyavacana veracity

Saucha (Skt.) cleanliness

Schidravyasevana non-eating of impure food

Setthi millionaire

Shuddha-Vyavahara (Skt.) a pure and honest life

Sigalasutta name of a discourse

Sikkha education; study; training; discipline

STla /Shila (Skt.) morality; code of morality; moral

practice

STIa-sampada perfection of morality; having

discipline as a foundation for one’s

life development

Subha 1. beautiful, beauty

2. name the daughter of a smith

Sucarita good or proper conduct

Suchidravyasevana non-eating of impure food

Sudra a servant to three higher castes

Sudraparisa assembly of the servant caste -394-

Sukha (Skt.) ease, pleasure, happiness

Sunita scavenger

Sunyata (Skt.) emptiness, voidness

Sutta a discourse dialogue; aphorism

Swadeshi belonging to one’s own country

Swaraj (Skt.) the ethics in Indian home rule

Tanha passion, desire

Tape (Skt.) self-restraint, austerity

Tapasya self suffering

Tathagata an epithet of the Buddha

Tathata suchness (objective reality)

Tattva-jnana knowledge of ultimate reality

Theras elder monks

Theravada the Doctrine of the Elders, teaching

of the Elders, the Southern school of

Buddhism

Then elder nun

Thinamiddha sloth and torpor

Thiti development, stay

Tipitaka /Tripitaka (Skt.) the three divisions of the Buddhist

Canon, viz., Vinaya, Sutta and

Abhidhamma, general know as the

Pali Canon

Tisikkha the three-fold training in Buddhism -3^9

u

Upanisad (Skt.) sitting near the teacher and learning

from him the secret doctrine or

mystic teachings; the scriptures of

Hinduism

Upasaka lay Buddhist, male devotee

Upasakaparisa the assembly of lay male devotees

Upasampada ordination as a monk

Upasika a female devotee, a lay woman

disciple, female votaries

Upasikaparisa the assembly of lay female devotees

Upekkha equanimity, indifference, neither

pleasurable nor painful feeling

Upavasa fasting

V

VacT-sucarita righteous speech

Vaisya (Skt.) agriculture, tending cattle and trade

Vanaprastha retired life

Varna Dharma (Skt.) the fold one of the classes specified

Vedic (Skt.) four ancient scriptures of the Aryans

Vidya (Skt.) learning, knowledge, wisdom

Vibhajjavada analytical or discriminating doctrine,

an early name for the original

Buddhism orTheravada -396

Vibhavatanha craving for self-annihilation, craving

for sensual pleasures connected with the view of nihilism

Vihara monastery, abode, a state of mind,

Vimutti deliverance, emancipation, release

Vinaya the discipline, the monastic regular

Vipassana intuitive vision, insight development

Visista-Devata-Bhakti devotion to the recognized deity

Visuddhimagga 1. Path of purification

2. name of an important post-

canonical text composed by

Buddhaghosa

Y

Yoga one of the six systems of orthodox

Hindu philosophy

Yonisomanasikara proper attention, systematic

attention, proper consideration,

analytical reflection

Yonisomanasikara-sampada perfection of wise reflection; thinking

wisely so as to realize benefit and

see the truth

Zakat charity in Islam