GLOSSARY GLOSSARY Technical terms, for which in Theravada Buddhism the Pali and Sanskrit terms used in the thesis. Whereas a number of English translations have been given for Pali and Sanskrit terms, that given below is the one used throughout this Dissertation. The alphabetical order is followed according to the Roman script. Abhisechana personal cleanliness Abyapanna-Citta cultivate a friendly mind Adesanapatihariya the miracle of mind-reading Adhicitta-sikkha training in higher mentality Adhipanna-sikkha training in higher wisdom AdhisTla-sikkha training in higher morality Adinnadana taking what is not given, stealing Adosa non-hatred, non-anger, kindness Agganfiasutta name of a great discourse Ahirhsa non-violence Akrodha (Skt.) freedom from anger Akusala unskilful, unwholesome Akusala-kammapatha wholesome course of action Allah name of God in Islam Alobha generosity, or non-greed, liberality Ambapall name of a courtesan in period of Buddha -381- Amoha knowledge or non-delusion, wisdom Anadi non-substantiality AnagamT non-returner Anatta not-self, soulless, non-ego Ahguttara-Nikaya the collection of Discourses arranged in accordance with number. Adding-one Collection; collection of numerical saying; the Book of the gradual sayings Anicca the law of change or impermanence Antah-Shuddi (Skt.) internal purity Anupadha /Anupadana purity of motive AnusasanTpatihariya the miracle of teaching Aparigraha non-attachment, contentment Apayamukha causes of ruin; way of squandering wealth Appamada-sampada establishing one self in heedfulness; perfection of heedfulness Appamanna cultivate a measureless Apramada /Aparigraha(Skt.) uncarelessness, non-attachment. Moral alertness Arahanta an Arahant, the Worthy one, the final emancipation in Buddhism Arahat final emancipation Ariya /Ariyan noble treasures, holy one Ariya-dhamma the noble quality Ariyasacca the (Four) Noble Truth -382- Artha (Skt.) material welfare, wealth and power Ashrama-Dharmas (Skt.) the four developmental stages of life Asteya (Skt.) non-stealing Asunyata (Skt.) truness as affirmation Atma-Jnana (Skt.) knowing oneself Atta self, soul, ego, person Attakilamathanuyoga self-metrification Attanatha having oneself as a refuge Attannuta knowing oneself Atta-sampada perfection of oneself; dedicating oneself to training for the realization of one’s full human potential Atthannuta knowing objectives, knowing results AtthasTla eight Precepts Avera non-hatred Avihirhsa non-injury Avijja /Avidya (Skt.) ignorance, lack of knowledge Avirodhana non-opposition B BhagavadgTta songs of God, a religion- philosophical scripture of Hinduism Bhakti (Skt.) devotion to God Bhakti-Marga (Skt.) the path of devotion Bhava becoming; process of becoming; state of existence, condition -383- Bhavana mental development, meditation Bhavatanha craving for the existence; craving for rebirth; Thirst for selfish pursuits Bhikkhu title used when speaking of a Buddhist monk BhikkhunT Buddhist nun BhikkhunTparisa the assembly of nuns Bhikkhuparisa the assembly of monks Bhutahitatva seeking good of creatures Bible the Holy Scripture of Christianity Bodhisatta a Buddha-to-be Brahma a divine being of the form-sphere or of the formless-sphere; Brahma god Brahmacahya (Skt.) celibacy, sublime life, student life Brahmana man of the Brahmin caste Brahmanaparisa assembly of Brahmins Brahmin priestly class Byapada the taint of ill-will Caturaparisa the Four-fold Assembly Chanda will; aspiration; intention Chanda-sampada perfection of aspiration; having a heart that aspires to learning and constructive action Citta mind or consciousness -384- D Dama control of senses, application Dana charity Dasarajadhamma ten kingly virtues Daya benevolence Deva (Skt.) god, deity Devata a celestial or heavenly; being; deity Dhamma /Dharma (Skt.) 1.The doctrine: the teachings (of the Buddha) 2,The truth; ultimate reality Dhamma-cariya principles for virtuous living Dhammadana gift of Truth; spiritual gift Dhammaniyama order of the norm; law of the dhamma certainty or orderliness of cause and effects; general law of cause and effect Dhammahnuta knowing principles, knowing causes Dhammapada name of a Buddhist scripture in Khuddhakanikaya Dhammaraja virtuous King, ruler, governor Dhamma-Vinaya the Norm-Discipline, the Doctrine and the Discipline Dhammika righteous one Dhana property Dhanya (Skt.) richness Dharmakaya (Skt.) the body of doctrine -3 ^ 5 - Dharma-Shastras (Skt.) a knowledge of duty or doctrine DhT wisdom Dhul-Hijja pilgrimage month to Mecca or Medina-Hajj DTgha-Nikaya a collection of long discourse Ditthi /Dhrti (Skt.) 1. A theory; view or belief 2. Misbelieve; erroneous opinion Ditthi-sampada perfection of view; seeing things according to cause and effect Domanassa passionate grief Dosa hatred Dukkha /Duhkha (Skt.) suffering, unsatifactoriness Dvesa serves as an antidote to hatred Gahapatiparisa assembly of wealthy persons Garavata respect, reverence Grahapati (Skt.) wealthy person Garhasthya family life H Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca Hirhsa causing pain or killing any life out of anger or selfish purpose Hiri shame at doing evil or conscience -32b- Iddhipatihariya the miracle of physical power Ihram /Ehram the pilgrim puts off his sacred robe, walking around for seven times or more around the Kabba Indriya-Nigraha (Skt.) restraint on the senseorgans Jataka stories of the Buddha’s previous lives JTvanmukti (Skt.) emancipation while still alive JTvitindriya life-faculty, vitality Jhana awareness, absorption Jfiana-Marga (Skt.) the path of knowledge K Kabbha /Kaaba the black stone at Mecca to which Muslims pray Kalannuta knowing occasion Kalyanamittata having good friends; friendship with the lovely: good company; favourable social environment; Kama (Skt.) sense-desire, an object of sensual enjoyment -397- Kamachanda sensuous desire Kamasukhallika addiction to sensual pleasure Kamatanha craving for sensual pleasure or sensual craving Kamma /karma (Skt.) volitional action Karma-Marga (Skt.) the paths of action Karuna compassion Kaya body, form Kaya-Sucarita righteous bodily conduct Khanti forbearance Kisagotami a proper name of lady in period of Buddha Krodha varjana (Skt.) restraint of anger Ksrtiyas /Kshatriya (Skt.) warrior, king, ruler Kstriyaparisa (Skt.) assembly of warhors. Kings Kusala skilful, wholesome Kusala-kamma wholesome action; good deed Kashama forgiveness Lobha greed, covetousness M Maddava gentleness Magga the path, the way -32B- Maha karuna the mighty compassion Mahamahgala-Sutta name of a Buddhist Discourse Mahammad name of the prophet in Islam MahavTra name of the founder of Jainism MaitrT (Skt.) friendliness, compassion Majjhima patipada the Middle Path, the Middle Way Mano mental organ; mind Mano-sucarita righteous mentality Mantras (Skt.) occult practices Manussa a human being Manussa-Dhamma humanity virtue of man, the five precepts Mattannuta knowing moderation Metta friendliness, loving-kindness Mina /Mena name of place for worship near Mecca Moha illusion, delusion Moksa (Skt.) eventual emancipation, Liberation or Ultimate Goal in Hinduism Mudita sympathetic joy N Nama 1. name 2. all mental phenomena Nama-RQpa bodily component or name and form Nibbana /Nirvana (Skt.) the Ultimate Goal in Buddhism -seg- Nikaya a collection, section of a scripture Nirodha the cessation, extinction of suffering Niskama-Karma (Skt.) non-attached actions Nivana without craving which is fastening Nivritti (Skt.) ceasing from worldly acts, inactivity O Odana-sura a rice-liquor Ottappa fear of the results of doing evil Ovadapatimokkha the principal teaching, the fundamental teaching Pabbhajja adopting the ascetic life Pacittiya an offence entailing expiation Pali 1. Pali language, the language adopted by the Theravadins as the language in which to reserved the memorized teaching of the Buddha 2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali Cannon; the Buddha’s teaching as contained in the Tipitaka Pana life force Pana-baddha involved with life-force Panaghata taking life, killing -390- Pancadhamma the five ennobling virtues in Buddhism PancasTIa the five moral precepts, the five rules of morality, the five training rules Pancayama (Skt.) the five moral virtues in Hinduism Panna /Prajha (Skt.) wisdom; knowledge Papa (Skt.) evil, wrong action, demerit Paramarthasatya (Skt.) the highest truth of human ends Paramita the perfection practiced by the Bodhisatta Pariccaga liberality Paricharan (Skt.) social service Pahsannuta knowing company Passaddhi tranquility, calmness, quietude Paritrana (Skt.) saving or defending the distressed Paticcasamuppada the law of dependent origination in Buddhism Patimokkha the fundamental precepts; the fundamental rules of the order; the 227 disciplinary rules binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of the fundamental precepts of the order recited every fortnight fortnightly recitation of the fundamental precepts; disciplinary code, Pittha-sura a kind of intoxicant beverage Piyavaca pleasant speech; kindly speech - 391- Pravritti (Skt.) activity, exertion, efficacy, function active life Priyasattva One may accumulate benefit by expanding friendliness first to believes beings Puggalannuta knowing persons Purisindriya faculty of masculinity Purusa (Skt.) soul Purusartha (Skt.) the Ultimate Goals of life according to Hinduism Q Quran the Holy canon /scripture in Islam R Raga aversion Raga-Carita an individual of lustful temperament Rahula the only son of Siddhartha Rajjumala slave girl Ramazan 9 month for fasting in Islam Ratna (Skt.) precious jewels Rgveda (Skt.) 1 St veda of the four vedas Rupa bodily component of