Amsterdam Graffiti Artist © Nicole Blommers
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CITY REPORT: AMSTERD AM Taco Brandsen and Francesca Broersma Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (The Netherlands) WILCO Publication no. 13 This report is part of Work Package 3 of the research project entitled "Welfare innovations at the local level in favour of cohesion" (WILCO). WILCO aims to examine, through cross -national comparative research, how local welfare systems affect social inequ alities and how they favour social cohesion, with a special focus on the missing link between innovations at the local level and their successful transfer to and implementation in other settings. The WILCO consortium covers ten European countries and is fu nded by the European Commission (FP7, Socio-economic Sciences & Humanities) . TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations .............................................................................................5 Definitions ................................................................................................5 1. Transformations in the labour market .............................................................7 1.1. Socio-economic trends ..........................................................................7 1.2. Public regulation .............................................................................. 27 2. Demographic changes and family ................................................................ 31 2.1. Socio-economic trends ........................................................................ 31 2.2. Public regulation .............................................................................. 38 3. Immigration ......................................................................................... 41 3.1. Socio-economic trends ........................................................................ 41 3.2. Public regulation .............................................................................. 50 4. Trends in the housing field ........................................................................ 51 4.1. Socio-economic trends ........................................................................ 51 4.2. Public regulation .............................................................................. 61 References .............................................................................................. 63 Cover page illustration: Laser 3.14 - Amsterdam graffiti artist © Nicole Blommers 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Persons employed per section of the economy, January 1 st 2010-2011 Table 2. GDP per capita (x 1 euro), 2005-2009 Table 3. Economically active, January 1 st 2001-2011 Table 4. Economically active according to age group and gender, 2001-2011 Table 5. Economically active according to educational level, 2001-2011 Table 6. Economically active according to ethnicity, 2001-2011 Table 7. Unemployment rates according to ethnicity and gender, 2005 + 2011 Table 8. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW), 2001-2011 Table 9. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to gender and age group, 2001-2006 Table 10. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to gender and age group, 2007-2011 Table 11. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to gender and educational level, 2001- 2011 Table 12. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to gender and ethnicity, 2007-2011 Table 13. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to duration of unemployment and gender, 2001-2011 Table 14. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to duration of unemployment, gender & educational level, Jan. 1 st 2011 Table 15. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to duration of unemployment, gender, and ethnicity, January 1 st 2011 Table 16. Employed economically active according to type of contract and gender, 2005- 2009 Table 17. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW), January 1 st 2009-2011 Table 18. UWV Benefits, January 1 st 2007-2010 Table 19. Employed economically active according to gender, working hours per week, and age group, 2011 Table 20. Average personal incomes, 2005-2008 Table 21. Average disposable incomes per person/households, 2000-2008 Table 22. Households with an income up to 105% -110% of the minimum subsistence level (WSM), 2001-2010 Table 23. Residents with an income up to 105%-110% of the minimum subsistence level (WSM), 2002-2010 Table 24. Unemployed jobseekers (NWW) according to gender, ethnicity and age group, January 1 st 2011 Table 25. Residents (aged 20-64) working for a minimum income according to age, 2009- 2010 Table 26. Unemployment benefits (WW), January 1 st 2001-2011 Table 27. Benefits according to type of social security scheme, 2001-2011 Table 28. Municipal expenditure on provided benefits, 2001-2010 Table 29. Youth according to type of benefits, January 1 st 2007-2011 Table 30. Population according to gender, 2001-2011 Table 31. Population growth, 2001-2010 Table 32. Population according to age group, 2001-2011 Table 33. Youth according to age group, January 1 st 2001-2011 Table 34. Elderly according to age group, January 1st 2001-2011 Table 35. Population according to marital status and gender, January 1 st 2001-2011 Table 36. Type of households, 2001-2011 Table 37. Minimum income households according to type of household, 2002-2010 Table 38. Households according to districts and type of household, January 1 st 2011 Table 39. Places in day care centres for 0-4 year-olds, January 1 st 2006-2009 Table 40. Places in day care centres per 100 0-4 year-olds, January 1 st 2006-2009 Table 41. Participation of 2,5-3 year-olds in pre-school education (VVE) according to districts, 2004-2009 3 Table 42. Participation of 2,5-3 year-olds in pre-school education (VVE) according to districts, 2011 Table 43. Population according to nationality, 2001-2011 Table 44. Population according to ethnicity, 2001-2011 Table 45. Number of naturalisations, 2001-2010 Table 46. Population according to ethnicity and generation, January 1 st 2011 Table 47. Population according to ethnicity and age group, January 1 st 2011 Table 48. Youth according to ethnicity and age group, January 1 st 2011 Table 49. Residents originating from BRIC countries, January 1 st 2001-2011 Table 50. Economically active population aged 15-64 according to ethnicity and gender, 2011 Table 51. Population per district according to ethnicity, January 1st 2011 Table 52. Residents with 110% of the minimum subsistence level (WSM) according to ethnicity and age, 2009-2010 Table 53. Minimum income households according to the ethnicity of the oldest resident, 2007-2010 Table 54: Housing stock according to type of tenure, 2001-2011 Table 55. Housing stock per district according to type of tenure, January 1 st 2005 Table 56. Housing stock per district according to type of tenure, January 1 st 2011 Table 57. Changes in the housing stock, January 1 st 2006-2011 Table 58. Housing stock according to time of construction, 2001-2011 Table 59. Housing stock according to number of rooms, 2001-2011 Table 60. Average selling price of dwellings according to district, per m 2, 2004-2008 Table 61. Dwellings sold according to type of dwelling and average price, 2006-2010 Table 62. Dwellings owned by housing corporations according to rental categories and districts, January 1 st 2011 Table 63. Average rent per month of rented dwellings according to district, 2005-2009 Table 64. Rental categories and average price for private and social rentals per district, 2007 en 2009 Table 65. Recipients and average amounts of housing benefits, 2003-2008 Table 66. Average yearly housing benefits per district according to type of household and age group, 2008 Table 67. Persons actively seeking for houses on WoningNet according to districts, 2010 Table 68. Waiting time in years for a social rental per district, 2007-2010 Table 69. Cheap rentals in proportion to the total housing stock per district, 2005-2009 Table 70. Housing stock per district according to value of the property, January 1 st 2011 Table 71. Evictions by housing corporations, 2006-2010 Map 1. Districts before 2010 Map 2. Districts after 2010 4 ABBREVIATIONS BBZ (Besluit Bijstandsverlening Zelfstandigen) (Supplementary) social assistance for self-employed Act IOAW (Wet Inkomensvoorziening Oudere en gedeeltelijk Arbeidsongeschikte werkloze Werknemers) Act on income provisions for older and partially disabled unemployed employees IOAZ (Wet Inkomensvoorziening Oudere en gedeeltelijk Arbeidsongeschikte gewezen Zelfstandigen) Act on income provisions for older and partially disabled formerly self-employed WAJONG (Wet Arbeidsongeschiktheidsvoorziening JONGgehandicapten) Disability insurance Act for young handicapped WAO (Wet op de ArbeidsOngeschiktheidsverzekering) Disability insurance Act WAZ – (Wet Arbeidsongeschiktheidsverzekering Zelfstandigen) Disability insurance Act for self-employed WIA (Wet Werk en Inkomen naar Arbeidsvermogen) Work and Income according to employability Act WIJ (Wet Investeren in Jongeren) Investment in youth Act WW (WerkloosheidsWet) Unemployment Act WWB (Wet Werk en Bijstand) Work and social Assistance Act WWIK (Wet Werk en Inkomen Kunstenaars) Work and Income for Artists Act DEFINITIONS ALLOCHTHONES Persons of which at least one of the parents is born abroad. First generation allochthones are born in a foreign country: second generation allochthones are born in the Netherlands. AUTOCHTHONES Persons whose parents are both born in the Netherlands, regardless of the country of birth of the persons themselves. DISPOSABLE INCOME ( besteedbaar inkomen ) Gross income minus tax levies and other monthly expenses. ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE ( beroepsbevolking ) All persons aged 15-64 who are either working